OO213 - English Federation of Disability Sport

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acceptance of indigenous children with disabilitiesby their own families and communities. Benefitsalso included improved provision of social services,community-led construction of wheelchairramps to make public spaces accessible, agreementby state and federal hospitals to provideservices free of charge to children with disabilitiesreferred by the project – and 32 new enrolments ofchildren with disabilities in mainstream schools. 27Assistive technologyDepending on the type of disability, a child mayneed any of a number of assistive devices andservices (see next page). According to the WorldHealth Organization, however, in many lowincomecountries only 5–15 per cent of the peoplewho need assistive technology are able to obtainit. 28 Reasons for this include costs, which can beespecially prohibitive in the case of children, whoneed their assistive devices replaced or adjustedfrom time to time as they grow. 29 Children areoften less likely than adults to access assistivetechnology. 30 The provision and uses of assistivetechnology are discussed in a Focus article publishedonline at .Universal designInclusive approaches are built around the conceptof accessibility, with the aim of making themainstream work for everyone rather than creatingparallel systems. An accessible environmentis essential if children with disabilities are toenjoy their right to participate in the community.For instance, access to all schools is necessaryif children with disabilities are to take part ineducation. Children who are educated alongsidetheir peers have a much better chance ofbecoming productive members of their societiesand of being integrated in the lives of theircommunities. 31Accessibility can refer to the design of anenvironment, product or structure. Universaldesign is defined as the design of productsLiban, 8, uses crutches after losing a leg to a bomb explosion in Mogadiscio, Somalia. © UNICEF/HQ2011-2423/Grarup18THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN 2013: Children with Disabilities
Assistive technology productsCategoryMobilityVisionHearingCommunicationCognitionExamples of products• Walking stick, crutch, walking frame, manual and powered wheelchair, tricycle• Artificial leg or hand, caliper, hand splint, club foot brace• Corner chair, special seat, standing frame• Adapted cutlery and cooking utensils, dressing stick, shower seat, toilet seat, toilet frame, feeding robot• Eyeglasses, magnifier, magnifying software for computer• White cane, GPS-based navigation device• Braille systems for reading and writing, screen reader for computer, talking book player, audio recorder and player• Braille chess, balls that emit sound• Headphone, hearing aid• Amplified telephone, hearing loop• Communication cards with texts, communication board with letters, symbols or pictures• Electronic communication device with recorded or synthetic speech• Task lists, picture schedule and calendar, picture-based instructions• Timer, manual or automatic reminder, smartphone with adapted task lists, schedules, calendars and audio recorder• Adapted toys and gamesSource: Johan Borg; International Organization for Standardization (2008), .and environments to be usable by all people,to the greatest extent possible, without theneed for adaptation or specialized design.The approach focuses on design that worksfor all people regardless of age, ability orsituation.The principles of universal design were developedby architects, product designers, engineersand environmental design researchers.They cut across design disciplines and may beapplied to guide the design process or evaluateexisting designs. There are seven principles:equitable use; flexibility in use; simple andintuitive use; perceptible information; tolerancefor error; low physical effort; and sizeand space for approach and use.In practice, universal design can be found inthe form of curb cuts or sidewalk ramps, audiobooks, Velcro fastenings, cabinets with pull-outshelves, automatic doors and low-floor buses.The cost of integrating accessibility into newbuildings and infrastructure can be negligible,amounting to less than 1 per cent of the capitaldevelopment cost. 32 However, the cost of makingadaptations to completed buildings can be muchhigher, especially for smaller buildings, whereit can reach 20 per cent of the original cost. 33 Itmakes sense to integrate accessibility considerationsinto projects at the early stages of thedesign process. Accessibility should also be aconsideration when funding developmentprojects.FUNDAMENTALS OF INCLUSION19
Page 2 and 3: © United Nations Children’s Fund
Page 5 and 6: FOREWORDIs there a child who does n
Page 7 and 8: FOCUSViolence against children with
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONReports such a
Page 11 and 12: Under the Convention on the Rights
Page 13 and 14: People with disabilities are becomi
Page 16 and 17: PERSPECTIVEI want good memoriesBy N
Page 21 and 22: hierarchy and traditional expectati
Page 23 and 24: to education and health-care servic
Page 25: An inclusive kindergarten in Nizhny
Page 29 and 30: We need to make media more accessib
Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER 3A STRONGFOUNDATIONGood hea
Page 33 and 34: Early childhood stunting, which is
Page 35 and 36: are particularly important. Develop
Page 37 and 38: the needs of all children. In an in
Page 39 and 40: Look at Hanif and you will see that
Page 41 and 42: terms for 20 schools at a time, wit
Page 43 and 44: epilepsy. The ketogenic diet isan i
Page 45 and 46: Reading Braille at a school in Ugan
Page 47 and 48: Saja opened my eyes to my own abili
Page 49 and 50: CHAPTER 4ESSENTIALS OFPROTECTIONChi
Page 51 and 52: Independent States, institutionaliz
Page 53 and 54: Children with disabilities are at g
Page 55 and 56: It is much harder to protect childr
Page 57 and 58: CHAPTER 5HUMANITARIANRESPONSEHumani
Page 59 and 60: Explosive remnants of war (ERW) on
Page 61 and 62: esist, than children without disabi
Page 63 and 64: Since monitoring began in 1999, the
Page 65 and 66: FOCUS(continued)Child casualties in
Page 67 and 68: Child casualties by type of explosi
Page 69 and 70: If people with disabilities can’t
Page 71 and 72: CHAPTER 6MEASURING CHILDDISABILITYA
Page 73 and 74: Mental Development Scale, 120 canno
Page 75 and 76: single set of questions for both gr
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FOCUSLessons learnedSince 1995, UNI
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A strategy for intervention on beha
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Data can be hard to gather: Indigen
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CHAPTER 7AN AGENDAFOR ACTIONThe nat
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discrimination is vital in reducing
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I would like to be confident that w
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Support familiesThe CRC states that
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(continued from p. 81)Involve child
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PERSPECTIVEChildren with disabiliti
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REFERENCESChapter 1 Introduction1 W
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65 United Nations Children’s Fund
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The Landmine Monitor identified mor
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STATISTICAL TABLESOVERVIEWThis refe
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STATISTICAL TABLESWater and sanitat
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STATISTICAL TABLESExplanation of sy
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TABLE 1: BASIC INdICATORSCountriesa
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TABLE 1BASIC INdICATORSCountriesand
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TABLE 2: NuTRITIONCountriesand area
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TABLE 2NuTRITIONCountriesand areasL
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TABLE 3: HEALTHCountriesUse of impr
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TABLE 3CountriesHEALTHUse of improv
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TABLE 4: HIV/AIdSPrevention among y
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TABLE 4HIV/AIdSPrevention among you
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TABLE 5educationCountriesand areasY
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TABLE 5EduCATIONCountriesand areasY
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TABLE 6dEmOGRApHIC INdICATORSCountr
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TABLE 6dEmOGRApHIC INdICATORSCountr
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TABLE 7ECONOmIC INdICATORSCountries
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TABLE 7ECONOmIC INdICATORSCountries
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TABLE 8WOmENCountriesand areasLife
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TABLE 8WOmENCountriesand areasLife
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TABLE 9CHILd pROTECTIONCountriesand
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TABLE 9CHILd pROTECTIONCountriesand
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TABLE 10THE RATE OF pROGRESSCountri
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TABLE 10THE RATE OF pROGRESSCountri
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TABLE 11AdOLESCENTSCountriesand are
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TABLE 11AdOLESCENTSCountriesand are
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TABLE 12disparities by residenceCou
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TABLE 12dISpARITIES By RESIdENCECou
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TABLE 13dISpARITIES By HOuSEHOLd WE
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TABLE 13dISpARITIES By HOuSEHOLd WE
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TABLE 14EARLy CHILdHOOd dEVELOpmENT
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UNICEF HeadquartersUNICEF House3 Un
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OO213 - English Federation of Disability Sport

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