Workstation design for organizational productivity - National ...

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Organizational Productivitythrough Lighting DesignLight Levels: Illuminance and LuminanceIlluminance levels must be selected to match occupanttasks, and both the age and visual characteristics oflikely occupants, as well as the visualdifficulty of the task itself. Small andlow-contrast objects require more light forequivalent visibility. More light is alsorequired if occupants are older or have visualproblems.Research:Surface AppearanceThe brightness of vertical surfaces, aswell as horizontal task surfaces, is importantfor occupant comfort. Ambient light quantity anddistribution contribute greatly to the atmosphere of aspace. For example, shadowed or dark-coloured wallsand ceilings can create a cave-like feeling. Light verticalsurfaces create a perceptually bright, pleasantatmosphere. To achieve satisfactorily brightvertical surfaces, wall luminance should begreater than 30 cd/m 2 .L.5Research:Light LevelsResearch at IRC (withsupport from PWGSC)consistently shows that thereis no generic illuminance level.Levels must match task demandsand individual preferences. Anysingle illuminance value islikely to satisfy only halfof the occupants.L.440Dark surfaces can make an unpleasant space.Note the scalloped shadows at the top of the backwall and the darkness under the shelving.
Organizations like the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America(IESNA) and the Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations (COHSR)have established illuminance ranges for basic office tasks. Providing light withinthese ranges together with some individual adjustability should satisfy occupantlighting needs for safety, health, and task visibility.More information about these organizations and their recommendations isavailable at: www.iesna.org and http://laws.justice.gc.ca.Below are summarized the recommendations from IESNA, COHSR, and IRCfor open-plan offices in which computers are used. IESNA recommendationsare American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards. COHSR valuesare requirements in Canadian federally-regulated workplaces. IRCrecommendations are derived from observations during research. L.6ILLUMINANCERECOMMENDATIONSAmbient Illuminance-Areas in which simplevisual tasks are done.Task Illuminance-Task areas in which complexvisual tasks are doneusing computers.IlluminatingEngineering Society ofNorth America (IESNA)Canada OccupationalHealth and SafetyRegulations (COHSR)IRC Research100 lux (horizontalilluminance)30 lux (vertical illuminance)300 lux minimum(horizontal)Intense computer use:300 lux (horizontal)50 lux (vertical)Intermittent computer use:500 lux (horizontal)50 lux (vertical)Intense computer use:750 lux maximumIntermittent computer use:500 lux maximumAll documents:500 lux minimumIntense computer use:400-500 lux (horizontal)200-300 lux (vertical)41
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Page 4: AcknowledgementsWe would like to th
Page 11 and 12: Organizational Productivityand Offi
Page 13 and 14: Quantifying Productivity: Overall,
Page 15: Workers’ health and well-being ca
Page 19 and 20: Acoustics in the OfficeThe Office A
Page 21 and 22: Organizational Productivitythrough
Page 23 and 24: Typing Speed (words/min)Research:No
Page 27 and 28: The layout of luminaires in relatio
Page 29 and 30: Office Climate: Ventilationand Temp
Page 31 and 32: Creating the Indoor EnvironmentThe
Page 33 and 34: Indoor and outdoor contaminants sou
Page 35 and 36: Building maintenance officials esta
Page 37 and 38: Cleaning: The office space should b
Page 39 and 40: ACCEPTABLE OPERATIVE TEMPERATURESCo
Page 41 and 42: An alternative air delivery method
Page 43 and 44: Quality Lighting DesignDimensions o
Page 45: determine the target lightingcondit
Page 49 and 50: Self-Reported ProductivitySelf-repo
Page 51 and 52: Electric LightingThe ideal lighting
Page 53 and 54: Task Lighting: Task lighting provid
Page 55 and 56: While daylight is desirable, direct
Page 57 and 58: Research:The Benefit of ControlsPer
Page 59 and 60: The WorkstationThe Function of the
Page 61 and 62: Novel forms of working, suchas team
Page 63 and 64: Workstation BoundariesComplaints ab
Page 65 and 66: These two workstations are very exp
Page 67 and 68: These workstations have been set at
Page 69 and 70: Personal ControlProviding control o
Page 71 and 72: their input. Several consultation t
Page 73 and 74: Flexible Working Hours: Flexible wo
Page 75 and 76: COPE-ODE SoftwareNo matter the type
Page 77 and 78: Complete Summary ofRecommendationsT
Page 79 and 80: Furnishings and Equipment:-Based on
Page 81 and 82: Personal Controls:-Personal control
Page 83 and 84: Backcitizenship behavior, and turno
Page 85 and 86: AcousticsA.1BackA.2BackA.3BackA.4Ba
Page 87 and 88: BackON: National Research Council C
Page 89 and 90: BackI.5Backrelationship between mic
Page 91 and 92: BackResearch in Construction. Avail
Page 93 and 94: BackI.16BackCouncil Canada, Institu
Page 95 and 96: LightingL.1BackL.2BackL.3BackIllumi
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BackEklund, N. H., Boyce, P. R., &
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BackSlater, A. I., & Boyce, P. R. (
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BackL.18BackReinhart, C. F. (2002).
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Workstation DesignW.1BackVeitch, J.
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satisfaction (Research Report, IRC-
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W.16BackW.17BackW.18BackW.19BackW.2
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W.24BackInternational Facility Mana
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