A ripple in development - Norad

% of documents containing the search term40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%0%Figure 6: Changes in the percentage of ReliefWeb posting related tothe Tsunami that refer to disaster risk reduction .Percentage of Tsunami ReliefWeb postings per month referring to Disaster Risk ReductionSearch phrase (with stemming for plurals and other forms) = "Hyogo Framework or (mitigation or reduction ) within three words of (risk or disaster)Dec 2004Jan 2005Feb 2005Mar 2005Apr 2005May 2005Jun 2005Jul 2005Aug 2005Sep 2005Oct 2005Nov 2005Dec 2005Jan 2006Feb 2006Mar 2006Apr 2006May 2006Jun 2006Jul 2006Aug 2006Sep 2006Oct 2006Nov 2006Dec 2006Jan 2007Feb 2007Mar 2007Apr 2007May 2007Jun 2007Jul 2007Aug 2007Sep 2007Oct 2007Nov 2007Dec 2007Jan 2008Feb 2008Mar 2008Apr 2008May 2008Jun 2008Jul 2008Aug 2008Sep 2008Oct 2008Nov 2008Dec 2008Monthly TotalAnnual Averages4.4 Pressures and attention to underlying risksDid pressures for rapid reconstruction and disagreements over land use planning discourageattention to underlying risks of negative environmental impacts , confl ict andnatural hazards ?Environmental risks were overlooked in the relief response , with theexception of FAO. One early assessment found that: “Overall, little attentionappears to be being given as to the negative (environmental and others) impacts ofthe relief operation itself“ (Government of Indonesia , 2005, p. 8).The ADB -funded ETESP project conducted 162 environmental assessmentsof its sub-projects. These were generally positive but they“also identifi ed modest potential negative environmental impacts , which can be adequatelymitigated ” (ADB, 2007a, p. 9).In Sri Lanka , a wide range of Divisional Livelihood Developmentplans make clear that existing economic activities pose the biggest environmentalrisk rather than tsunami reconstruction activities (Universityof Colombo , 2006). Overall it would seem the pressure was greatest inthe early relief phase, and that this and the early recovery phase waswhen the greatest environmental damage was done.4.5 Champions for risk reductionWhich actors have ‘championed’ risk reduction issues over time?Risk reduction has had a good deal of attention in the document setfrom right across the sector. As noted earlier, the Red Cross in Indonesia(and elsewhere) has been a persistent champion of risk reduction overtime. The World Bank and to a lesser extent, the Asian DevelopmentBank are also paying a great deal more attention to risk reduction thanin the past as can be seen from recent publications (ADB, 2008; Parkeret al., 2007; World Bank IEG, 2006). There is also growing attention torisk reduction in the international NGO sector with several NGOs playinga key role including Tearfund as can be seen from recent publica-39