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English idioms in the first language and second language lexicon: a ...

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356 <strong>English</strong> <strong>idioms</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> L1 <strong>and</strong> L2 <strong>lexicon</strong><strong>idioms</strong>. In Cognitive Science Society, editor, Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of <strong>the</strong> 10thannual conference of <strong>the</strong> Cognitive Science Society. Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum, 90–96.Tabossi, P. <strong>and</strong> Zardon, F. 1993: The activation of idiomatic mean<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>spoken <strong>language</strong> comprehension. In Cacciari, C. <strong>and</strong> Tabossi, P.,editors, Idioms: process<strong>in</strong>g, structure, <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>terpretation. Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum, 145–62.–––– 1995: The activation of idiomatic mean<strong>in</strong>g. In Everaert, M., van derL<strong>in</strong>den, E.-J., Schenk, A. <strong>and</strong> Schreuder, R., editors, Idioms: structural<strong>and</strong> psychological perspectives. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 273–82.Titone, D.A. <strong>and</strong> Conn<strong>in</strong>e, C.M. 1994: Descriptive norms for 171 idiomaticexpressions: familiarity, compositionality, predictability, <strong>and</strong> literality.Metaphor <strong>and</strong> Symbolic Activity 9, 247–70.–––– 1999: On <strong>the</strong> compositional <strong>and</strong> noncompositional nature ofidiomatic expressions. Journal of Pragmatics 31, 1655–74.Vaid, J. 2000: New approaches to conceptual representations <strong>in</strong> bil<strong>in</strong>gualmemory: <strong>the</strong> case for study<strong>in</strong>g humor <strong>in</strong>terpretation. Bil<strong>in</strong>gualism:Language <strong>and</strong> Cognition 3, 28–30.van Gestel, F. 1995: En bloc <strong>in</strong>sertion. In Everaert, M., van der L<strong>in</strong>den,E.-J., Schenk, A. <strong>and</strong> Schreuder, R., editors, Idioms: structural <strong>and</strong>psychological perspectives. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 75–96.Wasow, T., Sag, I.A. <strong>and</strong> Nunberg, G. 1982: Idioms: an <strong>in</strong>terim report. InHattori, S. <strong>and</strong> Inoue, K., editors, Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of <strong>the</strong> 13th <strong>in</strong>ternationalcongress of l<strong>in</strong>guistics. Tokyo: Gakushu<strong>in</strong> University, 102–15.We<strong>in</strong>reich, U. 1969: Problems <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> analysis of <strong>idioms</strong>. In Puhvel, J., editor,Substance <strong>and</strong> structure of <strong>language</strong>. Berkeley, CA: University ofCalifornia Press, 23–81.Wood, M.M. 1986: A def<strong>in</strong>ition of idiom. Bloom<strong>in</strong>gton, IN: IndianaUniversity L<strong>in</strong>guistics Club.Zwitserlood, P. 1994: The role of semantic transparency <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> process<strong>in</strong>g<strong>and</strong> representation of Dutch compounds. Language <strong>and</strong> CognitiveProcesses 9, 341–68.Appendix 1The appendix gives a list of 20 <strong>idioms</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir paraphrases foreach study. The <strong>first</strong> 20 <strong>in</strong> alphabetical order were chosen. For acomplete list, see Abel, 2003.Study 1 argue <strong>the</strong> toss: oppose or argue with a decision that has alreadybeen taken <strong>and</strong> that cannot be changed balance <strong>the</strong> books: determ<strong>in</strong>e through account<strong>in</strong>g that accountsare <strong>in</strong> balance, that all money is accounted for bang <strong>the</strong> drum: give one’s vigorous support to someth<strong>in</strong>gDownloaded from http://slr.sagepub.com at Shanghai Jiaotong University on March 7, 2009

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