3.1.5 Heritage valuesOf the 2486 historic places (non-indigenous sites) within the entire parks and reserves system, 31%occur within <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Reserves</strong> 1 .The 765 historic places within <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Reserves</strong>, are in only 168 reserves; that is, 6% of all<strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Reserves</strong> (Table 17). Most of these places (69%) are in Historical and Cultural Features<strong>Reserves</strong>.TABLE 17NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF CONSERVATION RESERVES WITH HISTORIC PLACES AND TOTALNUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF PLACES FOR EACH CATEGORYRESERVE TYPENO. RESERVES WITHHISTORIC PLACESNO. HISTORICPLACESRESERVES WITH PLACESAS A % OF ALL RESERVESNCR 33 92 1NFR 76 146 3HCFR 60 527 2Total 168 765 6Historic places occur in reserves in ten districts, the majority in Grampians and Murray Central.Historic places are often concentrated within individual reserves. A total of 394 of the 765 places inreserves are in only 12 reserves. Castlemaine–Chewton HA has the highest number of places (140),Maldon HA has 64 and Walhalla HA 32.3.1.6 Indigenous valuesDetailed archaeological surveys have been undertaken in less than 1% of parks and reserves toidentify Indigenous cultural heritage sites 2 . Approximately 20% or 760 000 of the 3.6 million hectaresof parks and reserves managed by <strong>Parks</strong> <strong>Victoria</strong> requires detailed archaeological survey. Althoughthe majority of this area is in parks, there are a number of <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Reserves</strong> that also requiresurvey.Indigenous sitesA third of known Indigenous sites in <strong>Victoria</strong> are in parks and reserves. Of these 8902 sites, 2835(32%) sites are in <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Reserves</strong>. These sites are in only 214 reserves; that is, 8% of all<strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Reserves</strong> (Table 18). Most of these reserves (over 70%) are Natural Features<strong>Reserves</strong>, while less than one quarter are Nature <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Reserves</strong>, and only 5% are Historicand Cultural Features <strong>Reserves</strong>. Although Historic and Cultural Features <strong>Reserves</strong> have the lowestnumber of reserves with sites, they account for almost one third of <strong>Conservation</strong> Reserve sites, whilstjust over 15% of sites are within Nature <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Reserves</strong>.TABLE 18NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF CONSERVATION RESERVES WITH KNOWN INDIGENOUS SITES FOREACH CATEGORY 3RESERVE TYPENO. RESERVES WITHINDIGENOUS SITESNO. OF INDIGENOUS SITESRESERVES WITH SITES ASA % OF ALL RESERVESNCR 48 486 2NFR 155 1585 6HCFR 11 764 < 1Total 214 2835 81Source of data: <strong>Parks</strong> <strong>Victoria</strong> Asset <strong>Management</strong> database Maximo2Source of data: AAV Site Register.3Number of sites does not include coastal reserves or Lake Tyers29
The AAV Site Register broadly categorises Indigenous sites into 17 types ranging from art sites toscarred trees and fish traps to stone structures. Across the entire park and reserve system, 90% of allsites are of five site types: Artefact Scatter (33%), Hearth (5%), Mound (3%), Scarred tree (29%), andShell Deposit (20%). Rock Art, Grinding Grooves, and Stone Arrangements are the least representedsites within parks and reserves. The representation of sites in <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Reserves</strong> differs from thatacross the parks and reserves system as a whole. More than 50% of Aboriginal Places, Fish Traps,Mounds, Scarred Trees and Stone Structures found in parks and reserves occur in <strong>Conservation</strong><strong>Reserves</strong>. However, there are no Grinding Groove sites in <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Reserves</strong>, and <strong>Conservation</strong><strong>Reserves</strong> account for less than 10% of Shell Deposit sites recorded within parks and reserves.The occurrence of sites within reserve categories varies across site types. All <strong>Conservation</strong> Reserverecords of Stone Structures and Stone Arrangements are in Natural Features <strong>Reserves</strong>, and over 50%of records for most other site types also occur in Natural Features <strong>Reserves</strong>. The only exception isScarred Tree sites, of which 48% of <strong>Conservation</strong> Reserve records occur in Historic and CulturalFeatures <strong>Reserves</strong>, and only 39% are located in Natural Features <strong>Reserves</strong>. Aboriginal Places are themost frequent sites within Nature <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Reserves</strong> (50%).Indigenous sites are concentrated within individual reserves (Table 19). More than 50% of all sites in<strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Reserves</strong> are found in only 11 reserves. For two site types, Stone Arrangements andStone Structures, all <strong>Conservation</strong> Reserve sites occur in single reserves. For eight site types(Aboriginal Places, Extraction Site/Quarry, Rock Wells, Rock Art, Scarred Trees, Stone Arrangements,Stone Structures and Fish Traps), more than 40% of sites are within a single reserve.TABLE 19CONSERVATION RESERVES WITH THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF EACH INDIGENOUS SITE TYPESITE TYPE RESERVE WITH MOST SITES NO. SITES % OF SITE TYPEAboriginal Places Mount Hope FFR (NCR) 3 50Artefact Scatters Lake Timboram FFR (NCR) 52 8Extraction Site/Quarry Buchan Caves Reserve (NFR) 4 44Fish Trap Lake Condah WR (NFR) 57 95Hearth Lake Heywood WR (NFR) 23 18Human Remains River Murray Reserve (NFR) 12 32Literature Reference Soaks BR (NFR) 4 25Mound River Murray Reserve (NFR) 37 16Rock Art Red Rock BR (NFR) 5 42Rock Well Chesney Vale Hills H97 BR (NFR) 4 44Scarred Tree Bumbang Island HA (HCFR) 640 46Shell Deposits Bumbang Island HA (HCFR) 39 24Sub Surface Cultural Deposits River Murray Reserve (NFR) 9 31Stone Arrangement Lake Wongan WR (NFR) 1 100Stone Structure Lake Condah WR (NFR) 60 100Aboriginal historical placesIn addition to Indigenous sites, AAV records Aboriginal historical places. Aboriginal historical placesare places of contemporary significance to Aboriginal communities, that is locations (post-contact) thatare important because of their associations with, and cultural significance to, Aboriginal people. Suchplaces may or may not contain archaeological remains. For example, a historical place could includethe foundations of a mission building, or a massacre site at which no physical remains survive.Of the 92 recorded Aboriginal historical places listed by the AAV that are within parks and reserves,44% occur in <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Reserves</strong>. The 35 Aboriginal historical places recorded in <strong>Conservation</strong><strong>Reserves</strong> are in 23 reserves, which is less than 1% of all <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Reserves</strong> (Table 20). Most of30