<strong>Notes</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Financial</strong> <strong>Statements</strong>31 December 2006 continued22. Balances and transactions with related parties continuedRevenue from transactions with OAO Kaustik is represented mainly by an operating lease ofproduction equipment.2006 2005Income statement caption Relationship $’000 $’000Inven<strong>to</strong>ry purchases:OAO Kaustik Under common control 9,513 7,961OOO Evroles Under common control 4 55OAO Plastcard Under common control 26 81OOO European ChemicalCompany O<strong>the</strong>r related party 66 –9,609 8,097Production services purchases:OAO Kaustik Under common control 599 550(iii) O<strong>the</strong>r related party issuesZirax plc agreements described below are related party agreements all of which have been enteredin<strong>to</strong> on an “arms’ length basis”.(a) On 28 Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 2005 Zirax plc entered in<strong>to</strong> a share purchase agreement with Mr. V. Andosovand Erith Group Limited pursuant <strong>to</strong> which it purchased <strong>the</strong> entire equity interest in <strong>the</strong> chartercapital of Zirax LLC for an aggregate consideration of $4,989,000.(b) On 3 November 2005 Zirax plc entered in<strong>to</strong> two set-off agreements with Mr. V. Andosov andErith Group Limited respectively (<strong>the</strong> “Set-Off Agreements”). Under <strong>the</strong> Set-Off AgreementsZirax plc agreed <strong>to</strong> set off <strong>the</strong> aggregate $4,989,000 purchase price due and payable <strong>to</strong> Erith GroupLimited and Mr. V. Andosov by Zirax plc against <strong>the</strong> called-up but unpaid subscription price duefrom <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> Zirax plc in respect of <strong>the</strong> issue of ordinary shares.(c) On 1 September 2005 Zirax LLC entered in<strong>to</strong> a 20 year term framework agreement with OAOKaustik for <strong>the</strong> supply of raw materials and <strong>the</strong> provision of utilities and services. The prices for <strong>the</strong>supply of goods and services under <strong>the</strong> framework agreement and any o<strong>the</strong>r contract entered in<strong>to</strong>between <strong>the</strong> parties pursuant <strong>the</strong>re<strong>to</strong> are determined for <strong>the</strong> first year of its term and subject <strong>to</strong>review <strong>the</strong>reafter in accordance with <strong>the</strong> formula set out <strong>the</strong>rein. Pursuant <strong>to</strong> this frameworkagreement <strong>the</strong> parties executed several one-year agreements for <strong>the</strong> supply of hydrochloric acid,liquid calcium chloride, lime-milk, hot water, steam, natural gas, settled water, power, maintenanceand repair, transport and telecommunications, waste purification and disposal services.44ZiRAX Annual Report & Accounts 2006
<strong>Notes</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Financial</strong> <strong>Statements</strong>31 December 2006 continued23. Significant non-cash transactionsIncluded in sales for <strong>the</strong> year 2006 are non-cash transactions amounting <strong>to</strong> $555,000(2005: $732,000). Non-cash transactions represent primarily amounts in relation <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>provision of production facilities <strong>to</strong> a former related party, JSC Kaustik, and sales ofsemi-finished goods in exchange for production services and utilities.Non-cash transactions have been excluded from <strong>the</strong> cash flow statement.24. Contingencies, commitments and operating risks(i) InsuranceThe Group holds insurance policies <strong>to</strong> cover risks related <strong>to</strong> its export shipments and transportationof goods <strong>to</strong> cus<strong>to</strong>mers. Property, plant and equipment are not insured, with <strong>the</strong> exception of <strong>the</strong>Group’s vehicles.(ii) Environmental mattersThe enforcement of environmental regulation in Russian Federation is evolving and <strong>the</strong> enforcementposture of government authorities is continually being reconsidered. The Group periodically evaluatesits obligations related <strong>to</strong> environmental pollution. As obligations are determined, <strong>the</strong>y are providedimmediately. Potential liabilities, which might arise as a result of changes in existing regulations, civillitigation or legislation, cannot be estimated but could be material. In <strong>the</strong> current enforcementclimate, under existing legislation, management believes that <strong>the</strong>re are no significant liabilities forenvironmental damage.(iii) TaxationRussian tax, currency and cus<strong>to</strong>ms legislation is subject <strong>to</strong> varying interpretations, and changes,which can occur frequently. Management’s interpretation of such legislation as applied <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>transactions and activity of <strong>the</strong> Group may be challenged by <strong>the</strong> relevant regional and federalauthorities. Recent events within <strong>the</strong> Russian Federation suggest that <strong>the</strong> tax authorities may betaking a more assertive position in <strong>the</strong>ir interpretation of <strong>the</strong> legislation and assessments, and itis possible that transactions and activities that have not been challenged in <strong>the</strong> past may bechallenged. As a result, significant additional taxes, penalties and interest may be assessed.Fiscal periods remain open <strong>to</strong> review by <strong>the</strong> authorities in respect of taxes for three calendar yearspreceding <strong>the</strong> year of review. Under certain circumstances reviews may cover longer periods.As at 31 December 2006 management believes that its interpretation of <strong>the</strong> relevant legislation isappropriate and <strong>the</strong> Group’s tax, currency and cus<strong>to</strong>ms positions will be sustained.(iv) Operating environmentWhilst <strong>the</strong>re have been improvements in economic trends in <strong>the</strong> country, <strong>the</strong> Russian Federationcontinues <strong>to</strong> display certain characteristics of an emerging market. These characteristics include, butare not limited <strong>to</strong>, <strong>the</strong> existence of a currency that is not freely convertible in most countries outsideof <strong>the</strong> Russian Federation, restrictive currency controls, and relatively high inflation. The tax,currency and cus<strong>to</strong>ms legislation within <strong>the</strong> Russian Federation is subject <strong>to</strong> varying interpretations,and changes, which can occur frequently.The future economic direction of <strong>the</strong> Russian Federation is largely dependent upon <strong>the</strong> effectivenessof economic, financial and monetary measures undertaken by <strong>the</strong> Government, <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r with tax,legal, regula<strong>to</strong>ry, and political developments.45ZiRAX Annual Report & Accounts 2006