LILIACEAE - China

6–11 cm, adaxially sometimes with purple markings, abaxiallypurple or mottled with purple. Peduncle 12–60 cm. Outer tepals5 or 6, green, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 3.5–9 × 1.3–2 cm;inner ones yellow-green, narrowly linear, 3–8 cm × 1–5 mm.Stamens usually 15–18; filaments 3–8 mm; anthers 0.7–1.5 cm;free portion of connective 1–2 mm, apex acute. Ovary green orpale purple, globose, 1-loculed, 5- or 6-ribbed. Style short; stigmalobes 5 or 6. Capsule red at maturity, dehiscent. Seeds subglobose,wholly enveloped by red aril. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Oct–Nov.Evergreen forests on limestone slopes, ravine forests, mossyforests; 900–2100 m. SW Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, SE Yunnan.1a. Inner tepals 3.2–8 cm × ca. 1 mm ........ 2a. var. cronquistii1b. Inner tepals ca. 3 cm × 5 mm .............. 2b. var. xichouensis2a. Paris cronquistii var. cronquistii凌 云 重 楼 ( 原 变 种 ) ling yun chong lou (yuan bian zhong)Daiswa cronquistii Takhtajan, Brittonia 35: 262. 1983.Inner tepals 3.2–8 cm × ca. 1 mm. 2n = 10*.Ravine forests, mossy forests; 900–2100 m. SW Guangxi, Guizhou,Sichuan, SE Yunnan.2b. Paris cronquistii var. xichouensis H. Li, Bull. Bot. Res.,Harbin 6(1): 113. 1986.西 畴 重 楼 xi chou chong louInner tepals ca. 3 cm × 5 mm.Evergreen forests on limestone slopes; 1400–1500 m. SE Yunnan(Xichou Xian).3. Paris vietnamensis (Takhtajan) H. Li, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 6:357. 1984.南 重 楼 nan chong louDaiswa hainanensis (Merrill) Takhtajan subsp. vietnamensisTakhtajan, Brittonia 35: 259. 1983.Plants 1–1.5 m tall. Rhizome 1.5–3.5 cm thick. Leaves 4–6; petiole 4–10 cm; leaf blade obovate to obovate-oblong, (18–)23–26 × (11–)14–16 cm, base shallowly cordate or subrounded.Peduncle (5–)30–90 cm. Outer tepals 4–7, green, lanceolate tooblong-lanceolate, usually 6–8 × 2–3 cm; inner ones narrowlylinear, 5.5–11 × ca. 1 mm, distally slightly widened. Stamens2(or 3) × as many as outer tepals; filaments 2–5 mm; anthers0.6–1.6 cm; free portion of connective 1–5 mm, apex acute.Ovary violet, conical-ovoid, 1-loculed. Style short; stigma lobes6. Fl. Apr–Jul. 2n = 10*.Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 1200–1900 m. Guangxi, Yunnan[Vietnam].4. Paris delavayi Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 190. 1898.金 线 重 楼 jin xian chong louDaiswa delavayi (Franchet) Takhtajan; Paris henryi Diels.Plants 0.5–1.5 m tall. Rhizome 1.5–5 × 0.8–1.5 cm. Stem30–70 cm. Leaves 6–8; petiole 0.8–1.5 cm; leaf blade lanceolateor oblong-lanceolate, 6–15 × 2–3 cm. Peduncle 16–75 cm.Outer tepals (3 or)4 or 5, usually recurved, purple-green orgreen, narrowly lanceolate, 2–4 cm × 4–9 mm; inner ones usuallydark purple, filiform-linear, shorter than outer ones. Stamensusually 8 or 10; filaments 2–4 mm; anthers 0.6–1.8 cm;free portion of connective purple, 1.5–4 mm, acute-tipped.Ovary green or distally purple, conical-ovoid. Style 3–5 mm;stigma lobes (3 or)4–6. Capsule green at maturity, conicalovoid.Seeds enveloped by red, succulent aril. Fl. Apr–May, fr.Sep–Oct. 2n = 10*.Forests, bamboo forests, thickets; 1300–2000 m. Guizhou, Hubei,Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [Vietnam].5. Paris daliensis H. Li & V. G. Soukup in H. Li, Acta Bot.Yunnan., Suppl. 5: 15. 1992.大 理 重 楼 da li chong louPlants 70–90 cm tall. Rhizome 5–6 × 1–1.5 cm. Leaves 7–9; petiole 3–4.5 cm; leaf blade oblong, 11–15.5 × 3.2–4.5 cm,base rounded or obtuse. Peduncle 10–18 cm. Outer tepals (3–)5,green, lanceolate, 5–6.5 × 1.8–2 cm; inner ones erect, yellowgreen,linear, slightly thickened distally, 6–8 cm × ca. 1 mm.Stamens (6–)10, deep purple, 5–7 mm; filaments ca. 1 mm;anthers ca. 4 mm; free portion of connective thickened, oblongovoid,2–3 mm, apex obtuse. Ovary deep purple, ovoid, (3–)5-loculed. Style short; stigma lobes (3–)5. Fl. Jun.Forests; ca. 2600 m. W Yunnan (Dali Xian).6. Paris polyphyllaSmith in Rees, Cycl. 26: Paris no. 2. 1813.七 叶 一 枝 花 qi ye yi zhi huaPlants 10–100 cm tall. Rhizome 1–2.5 cm thick. Leaves 5–10(–22); petiole (0.5–)1–6 cm; leaf blade variable, usually oblongto lanceolate, 6–15(–30) × 0.5–5 cm, base rounded to cuneate.Peduncle 5–24(–65) cm. Outer tepals (3 or)4–6(or 7),green or yellow-green, narrowly ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate,(3–)4.5–7(–11) × 1–4 cm; inner ones usually yellow-green, narrowlylinear, shorter or longer than outer ones, 1–1.5(–5) mmwide. Stamens 2 × as many as outer tepals, (6–)8–12(–14) orsometimes more; filaments 4–10 mm; anthers 5–12 mm; freeportion of connective usually 0.5–4 mm. Ovary subglobose,ribbed, 1-loculed, sometimes tuberculate. Style short, base enlarged,purple to white; stigma lobes (4 or)5. Capsule globose,sometimes tuberculate. Seeds enveloped by red, succulent aril.Fl. and fr. Mar–Nov.Forests, bamboo forests, thickets, grassy or rocky slopes, streamsides;100–3500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou,Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan,Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Laos, Myanmar,Nepal, Sikkim, Thailand, Vietnam].1a. Ovary and capsule tuberculate .................. 6h. var. latifolia1b. Ovary and capsule smooth.2a. Free portion of anther connective 3–15 mm.3a. Filaments 1–2 mm; anthers ca. 6mm ......................................................... 6g. var. minor3b. Filaments 4–6 mm; anthers12–18 mm ............................... 6i. var. pseudothibetica2b. Free portion of anther connective 1–2 mm.4a. Filaments to 10 mm; stigma lobes