Analgesic activity of clerodendrum phlomidis linn. (Aerial parts)

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences ISSN: 2229-3701______________________________________________________________________Research PaperAnalgesic activity of clerodendrum phlomidis linn. (Aerial parts)R.Vijayamirtharaj*, S.Vincent and N.SenthilkumarDepartment of Pharmaceutical chemistry, JKKMMRF College of Pharmacy,Komarapalayam, Ethirmadu,Namakkal, Tamilnadu, Inida.___________________________________________________________________________AbstractIn the present study, Petroleum ether, Ethyl acetate and Methanolic extracts of Clerodendrum phlomidisaerial parts at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg was evaluated for the Analgesic activity using the hot plate andacetic acid induced abdominal constrictions in mice. Clerodendrum phlomidis aerial parts extract showedsignificant Analgesic properties in all the models studied.Key Words: Clerodendrum phlomidis; Analgesic; Hot plate and Acetic acid induced.INTRODUCTIONClerodendrum phlomidis (Verbaneceae) knownas Arni Hindi. It is distributed More or lessthroughout India, Ceylon, and Malay, Peninsula.The sandals rub the plant over their bodies indropsy and also give it to their cattle to cure themof diarrhea and worms, or when the stomach swells(1). The decoction of roots is used as a demulcentin gonorrhea. The juice of leaves is used as bittertonic (2) and also given in neglected syphiliticcomplaints (3). The plant has been found to possesshypoglycemic activity (4). The ethanolic extract ofC. phlomidis Linn. A leaf shows most of thepharmacological activities characteristic of minortranquilizers (5). It is used in Amrita Nectar tablets(Amrita nectar tablets containing 38 herbs) theeffects of aqueous & alcoholic extract of Amritanectar tablet on rat liver microtonal lipid peroxidation are good(6). Ethanolic extract of leavesof C. phlomidis Linn (MECP) showed significantinhibitory activity against castor oil induceddiarrhea and PGE2 induced enter pooling in rats.The extract also showed a significant reduction ingastrointestinal motility in charcoal meal test in rats(7). The ethyl acetate and hexane extracts of leavesof C. phlomidis showed antifungal activity againstplant and human pathogens but it is more effectivein plants. It was tested by poison plate Technique(8).______________________________________*Address for correspondence:E-mail: vrmukeshved1@gmail.comMATERIALS AND METHODSPlant MaterialThe whole plant of the Clerodendrumphlomidis was collected from the foothill ofAnnavasal, Pudukkottai (DT), and Tamilnadu inthe month of June2010. The collected plant wasidentified and Authenticated by a botanist Dr.P.Jayaraman, Director, Plant Anatomy ResearchCentre, and Chennai. A voucher specimen(PARC/2010/574.).ExtractionShade dried, cleaned from extraneous materials,mechanically grinded and coarsely powdered fruitpulp of Clerodendrum phlomidis aerial parts wassubjected to successive solvent extraction inSoxhlet extractor using Petroleum ether, Ethylacetate, and Methanol as solvent. All the extractswere vacuum dried to produce Petroleum ether(1.5%), Ethyl acetate (2.5%), Methanol (18%)extracts respectively.AnimalsAlbino mice (Swiss strain) weighing 25-30gmeither sex were obtained from the Serum lab, Pune.The animals were maintained at room temperatureof 25±20 0 C with relative humidity of 75±5% lessthan 12 hours dark and light cycle. The animalsmaintained under standard husbandry conditionsand had free access to diet and water. The animalswere allowed to acclimatize to the environment for7 days prior to the experimental session. Theanimals were divided into different groups eachconsist of six animals were fasted overnight priorto the experiments. The ethical committee of theinstitute approved the protocol of the study.Vol. 2 (1) Jan – Mar 2011 www.ijrpbsonline.com 120

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences ISSN: 2229-3701Drugs and ChemicalsThe following drugs and chemicals were used.Drugs: Acetic acid (SD fine chemicals Limited,Mumbai), Paracetamol, Pentazocine (Pure PharmaLtd., Mumbai) purchased from commercial source.Chemicals: petroleum ether (60-80°C) (RFCL Ltd,India), ethyl acetate (RFCL Ltd, India), methanol(MERCK Ltd, India) and DMSO (Research LabIndustries, India).Analgesic activityTwo standard methods viz. acetic acid inducedWrithing reflex and hot plate methodswereemployed to determine the analgesic activity.Acetic acid induced writhing-reflex method inmice 9The analgesic activity was determined by aceticacid induced writhing method using six albino mice(25-30gm) of either sex selected by randomsampling technique. Standard drug Paracetamol(50mg/kg) and the extracts (50mg/kg and100mg/kg)) were given intraperitoneally 30minutes prior to the administration of the writhingagent (0.6%v/v aqueous acetic acid, 10ml/kg). Thenumber of writhings produce in the animal wasobserved for 30 minutes. The number of writhingand stretching was recorded and compared with theControl drug. The percent was calculated using thefollowing ratio: % of protection = Control meantreatedmean X 100/Control mean. The analgesicactivity data are presented in Table 1.Hot plate method in mice 10Mice of either sex weighing between 25-30 gmwere kept on a hot plate (55±0.5oC), the time forforepaw licking or jumping was taken as thereaction time. Mice showing reaction time between3-5 sec. were selected. Animals not responding inthis period were discarded. The reaction time wasrecorded at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 minutesfollowing administration of the test compounds orthe standard drug (Pentazocine 10 mg/kg S.C.) todetermine the onset and duration of action. Onehour after the administration of vehicle, standarddrug and extracts treated mice were individuallyplaced on the hot plate of the analgesiometermaintained at 55 0 C. Analgesic activity wasdetermined by comparing with the control group.The analgesic activity data are presented in Table2.Statistical AnalysisThe results are expressed as mean±SEM. TheDunnett’s test was used to make a statisticalcomparison between groups. Result with P

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences ISSN: 2229-3701Table 2: Analgesic Activity (Hot Plate Method) ofClerodendrum phlomidis Aerial Parts Extracts in MiceTreatment Dose(mg/kg) Reaction time in Min30 60 90 120Control _ _ _ _ _Standard 50 6.70± 0.3372 8.60 ± 0.5803 9.10 ±0.5192 6.30± 0.5643Petrolium ether 50 4.78 ± 0.1245 5.69± 0.4180 6.21± 0.9257 3.45 ±0.8124100 5.86 ± 0.4376 7.42± 0.7968 8.10±0.3437 ** 4.40± 0.3804Ethyl acetate 50 3.13 ± 0.5843 4.68± 0.9341 5.18± 0.3654 3.124 ±0.142100 5.24 ± 0.5672 6.56 ±0.7697 7.90±0.4993 ** 5.20± 0.550050 5.74± 0.3240 6.10± 0.6754 7.96±0.1046 ** 1.86 ±0.2133Methanol 100 6.65±0.6618 8.25 ±0.9989 9.10±0.8060 ** 2.40±0.3422RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe present study (Refer Table No. 01 & TableNo. 02) has shown that the Methanolic and Ethylacetate extracts of Clerodendrum phlomidis. Atdose 200 mg/kg exhibited significant Analgesicactivity being reported for first time. Preliminaryphytochemical screening showed that theClerodendrum phlomidis revealed the presence ofhigh sterols, saponin glycosides and flavonoids.The flavonoids are known to possess Antiinflammatoryactivity by inhibiting thecyclooxygenase responsible for synthesis ofinflammatory prostaglandins 11 .Methanol extracts exhibited significant dosedependent analgesic activity at the doses tested.The analgesic activity of Methanol extract at 200mg/kg is comparable with the reference analgesicagent used in this study.Intraperitonial administration of Clerodendrumphlomidis aerial parts extracts in the Hot Plate test(100 and 200 mg/kg), and acetic acid inducedabdominal constriction Test (100 and 200 mg/kg)showed significant analgesic activity. The plantextract administered intraperitoneally (200 mg/kg)to the mice also showed significant analgesicactivity in the Hot Plate test. These results indicatea significant analgesic activity at both dose levelsstudied. The analgesic activity shown byClerodendrum phlomidis aerial parts extract invarious models indicate that the plant extract mightpossess centrally and peripherally mediatedanalgesic Properties.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis work is carried at the Department ofPharmaceutical Chemistry, JKKMMRF College ofPharmacy,Komarapalayam,Namakkal(Dt),Tamilnadu.Authors are highly thankful to the Secretary andthe Principal for providing the facilities.REFERENCES1. Kirtikar KR. and Basu BD, Indian MedicinalPlants, International Book Distributers,Dehradun, 1999: 1947.2. Nadkarni AK, Indian Materia Medica,Popular Prakashan, Bombay, 2002:353.3. Chopra RN, Nayar SL and Chopra IC,Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants,1996:71.4. Pande MC, Journal of natural IntegratedMed Ass, 1978: 20 (8); 295.5. Murugesan T, Saravanan KS, Lakshmi S,Ramya G. and Thenmozhi K, Evaluation ofpsychopharmacological effects ofClerodendrum phlomidis Linn. Extract[J]..Phytomedicine, 2001: 8(6); 472.6. Dwivedi C., Agrawal P, Natarajan K. andSharma H, Antioxidant and ProtectiveEffects of Amrit Nectar Tablets onAdriamycin- and Cisplatin-InducedToxicities J. of Alternative andComplementary Medicine, 2005: 11;143.Vol. 2 (1) Jan – Mar 2011 www.ijrpbsonline.com 122

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences ISSN: 2229-37017. Rani S, Ahamed N, Raja ram S and SalujaR, Thenmozhi S, Murugesan T., Antidiarrhoealevaluation of Clerodendrumphlomidis Linn. Leaf extract in rats J.Ethanopharmacol, 1999: 68; 315.8. Anita R. and Kannan P, Turk L. Biol.,2006: 30; 139.9. Witkin LB, Heubner CF, O'Keete E,Spitalitta P, Plummer AJ, J. Pharmacol.Exp. Ther, 1961: 133; 400.10. Turner RA: Screening methods inPharmacology, Academic press, Newyork1965:100.11. Narayana KR, Chaluvadi MR and KrishnaDR, Indian J. Pharmacol, 2001: 33; 2.Vol. 2 (1) Jan – Mar 2011 www.ijrpbsonline.com 123