Telematik 2/02 - Institut für Grundlagen der Informationsverarbeitung ...

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Inhalt Editorial Heft 1/2002 Thema Seite 2 Foundations of Information Processing for the 21st Century W. Maass Seite 4 Algorithmic Fun - Abalone O. Aichholzer, F. Aurenhammer, T. Werner Seite 7 Voronoi Diagrams - Computational Geometry’s Favorite O. Aichholzer, F. Aurenhammer Seite 12 Points and Combinatorics O. Aichholzer, F. Aurenhammer, H. Krasser Seite 18 Sorting it out: Machine Learning and Fingerprints A. Schwaighofer Seite 21 Why Students Don’t Ask Questions P. Auer Seite 24 Resource Allocation and the Exploration- Exploitation Dilemma N. Cesa-Bianchi Seite 26 A Very Short Story About Autonomous Robots G. Steinbauer, R. Koholka, W. Maass Seite 30 A Bioinformatics Problem Motivated by Analysis of Gene Expression Data P. M. Long Seite 32 Computing with Spikes W. Maass Seite 37 Structural and Functional Principles of Neocortical Microcircuits H. Markram Seite 39 The „Liquid Computer“: A Novel Strategy for Real-Time Computing on Time Series Th. Natschläger, W. Maass, H. Markram Seite 44 The Relevance of Understanding Brain Computation R. Douglas, K. Martin Seite 46 Stimulus Meets Simulus - Thoughts on the Interface H. H. Diebner, P. Weibel Seite 52 Architecture as Information Editor M. Wolff-Plottegg Seite 55 Architektur als Informations-Editor M. Wolff-Plottegg Seite 57 Publications of the Institut für Grundlagen der Informationsverarbeitung 1992-2002 Kolumne Seite 36 Vorschau nächste Ausgabe Seite 45 Veranstaltungen Seite 51 Buch-Tipp Seite 51 Autorenhinweise Seite 66 Jobbörse Seite 69 Diplomarbeiten Telematik Jan. - Feb.’02 Seite 69 Impressum Telematik 1/2002 Liebe Leserinnen und Leser, aus Anlaß des 10-jährigen Jubiläums des Instituts für Grundlagen der Informationsverarbeitung der Technischen Universität Graz im Frühjahr 2002 widmet sich dieses Heft den Kernthemen der Forschung an diesem Institut: Algorithmen, Maschinelles Lernen und Neuroinformatik. Aufsätze von Mitarbeitern des Instituts sowie einigen auswärtigen Forschungspartnern geben allgemeinverständliche Einführungen in diese Forschungsgebiete, sowie Einblicke in gegenwärtig aktuelle Forschungsprobleme. Am Schluss des Heftes finden Sie eine Liste der Publikationen unseres Instituts, von denen die meisten über http://www.igi.tugraz.at online erhältlich sind. Ich möchte allen Autoren dieses Heftes herzlich für ihre Beiträge danken, insbesondere unseren auswärtigen Forschungspartnern Prof. Nicolò Cesa- Bianchi von der Universität Mailand, Dr. Hans Diebner, Abteilungsleiter am Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie (ZKM) Karlsruhe, Prof. Rodney Douglas, Direktor des Instituts für Neuroinformatik der ETH und Universität Zürich, Prof. Philip Long vom Genome Institute in Singapur, Prof. Henry Markram, Direktor des Brain Mind Instituts der Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Prof. Kevan Martin vom Institut für Neuroinformatik der ETH und Universität Zürich, Prof. Peter Weibel, Direktor des Zentrums für Kunst und Medientechnologie (ZKM) Karlsruhe und Chefkurator der Neuen Galerie Graz und Prof. Manfred Wolff-Plottegg, Vorstand des Instituts für Gebäudelehre und Entwerfen der TU Wien. Ich möchte ebenso der großen Zahl der hier nicht genannten Freunde und Förderer unseres Instituts im In- und Ausland, die unsere Arbeit in den vergangenen 10 Jahren ermöglicht haben, auf diesem Weg ganz herzlich danken. Ich hoffe, dass diese, aber auch alle anderen Leser, Freude haben beim „Schmökern“ in diesem Special Issue von Telematik. Ihr Wolfgang Maass O.Univ.-Prof. DI Dr. Wolfgang Maass Vorstand des Instituts für Grundlagen der Informationsverarbeitung an der TU Graz Titelbild: Oliver Friedl, Institut für Grundlagen der Informationsverarbeitung, Technische Universität Graz 1
Thema Foundations of Information Processing for the 21 st Century Wolfgang Maass Institut für Grundlagen der Informationsverarbeitung Technische Universität Graz In spite of its great success, computer technology of the 20th century has left many dreams unrealized. One example is the dream to build truly intelligent autonomous systems that learn from their experience and require less programming and debugging. Another one is the dream to build computers that communicate with us through direct sensory interaction. We have learnt that the solutions of these problems require deeper insight into the capabilities and limitations of computer algorithms than we currently have. Also a machine that learns needs to be endowed with efficient „learning algorithms“. Such learning algorithms are implemented in most biological organisms, but computer scientists and all other scientists have been irritated for several decades by the difficulty to understand the completely different strategies of information processing and learning that nature has chosen for its own information processing devices, such as for example the human brain. Finally, computing machinery is permeating all aspects of our culture, including the artworld, offering new opportunities for creative activity that we may not even have grasped yet. There are indications that tremendous progress will be achieved during the 21 st century in all of these areas, and that this new insight will change not only the way how we build computers, mobile phones, and cars, but also the way we live and think about ourselves as human beings. Some of this progress will result from economic pressure in a competitive computer market, since the customary doubling of the computation speed of CPUs every 18 months, which has been a primary incentive for new computer products, is expected to slow down and finally come to a halt in 15-20 years, because hard physical limits will be reached. From that point on, further progress in computation speed requires the solution of some fundamental problems, such as an automatic collaboration of millions of processors on a computational problem without the nightmare of having to program and debug the protocol for this interaction. In addition there exists substantial evidence that the reason why computers and robots have not become as intelligent as we had hoped, are caused by our insufficient understanding of the true nature of intelligence, sensory perception, and cognition. Therefore computer science will not only have to continue and deepen its interaction with mathematics, but also has to establish new links to cognitive science and neuroscience. The task of our Institut für Grundlagen der Informationsverarbeitung (Institute for the Foundations of Information Processing) 1 of the Graz University of Technology is to contribute – in close collaboration with our colleagues in other countries and disciplines – towards the development of computer science into a mature science, that provides systematic and successful tools for solving the fundamental problems that I have sketched. In particular we have the task to teach our students the most promising scientific results and tools, those which they are likely to need in order to strive intellectually and economically in a highly dynamic environment where today’s newest wisdom in computer 1 Usually the German name of our institute is translated more freely as „Institute for Theoretical Computer Science“, because theoretical computer science is that branch of computer science that traditionally is most often associated with the solution of fundamental and hard problems. However during the last decade the boundaries between theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, neuroinformatics and computational neuroscience have started to become less significant, because very successful research in any single one of these areas often involves a combination of methods from several of them. software and hardware tends to look like an old fad 3 years later. Curiously enough, our institute is the only Institute for Foundations of Information Processing in all of Austria, which increases our responsibility. Unfortunately it is a very small institute, with just 2 positions for Professors and 3 positions for University Assistants (which are fortunately supported by a great staff, and junior researchers funded by the FWF and the Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften). Nevertheless the scientific publications of this institute have already been cited in more than 1155 scientific publications of researchers in other countries. 2 In this issue of the journal Telematik you will find short introductions and illustrative examples for some of the research topics on which our institute has worked during its first 10 years, since it was founded in 1992. The first article Algorithmic Fun: Abalone gives a playful introduction to algorithm design, which is one of the primary research areas of our institute. The subsequent two articles on Voronoi Diagrams and Points and Combinatoris provide insight into fundamental tools and problems of computational geometry, an important research area where one designs efficient algorithms for geometry-related problems. This research area, which provides algorithmic tools for computer graphics, computer vision, robotics, and molecular biology, presents a nice example for the close interaction between mathematics and computer science that is typical for most work on the Grundlagen der Informationsverarbeitung. 2 Source: Public computer science research index http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/allcited.html. The number given is the sum of the citation numbers for Auer, Aurenhammer, Maass (only citation numbers for researchers with more than 147 citations are listed in this online databank). 2 Telematik 1/2002
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Telematik-Ingenieur-Verband Inffeld
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