FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDERS florida resource guide

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SECTION 2The Effect of Alcohol Consumption onFetal DevelopmentThe placenta does not protect the developing fetus from the negativeaffects of alcohol exposure. Ethanol (the kind of alcohol in beverages)crosses the placenta freely. When a pregnant woman consumes alcohol,her blood alcohol levels and that of her fetus are approximately equalwithin minutes of consumption (Streissguth & Little, 1994).Fig. 3 Comparison of Normal Infant Brain and Brain of InfantPrenatally Exposed to AlcoholAlcohol is aneurobehavioralteratogen, an agentthat can causedefects in thestructure andfunction of thedeveloping centralnervous system inhumans.– Olson, Morse& HuffineClarren 1986As a fetus develops, cells destined to become the brain and nervoussystem attach to each other with the help of cell adhesion molecules.A recent laboratory study by Wilkemeyer, Menkari, Spong, &Charness (2002) revealed that ethanol interferes with adhesionmolecules and hinders crucial cell-to-cell attachments. Prenatal alcoholexposure can disrupt the normal proliferation and migration of braincells and produce structural deviations in the brain development.FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDERS florida resource guide 11
SECTION 2The Effect of AlcoholConsumption on FetalDevelopmentFig. 4 Corpus callosum abnormalitiesnormal corpus callosumMattson, et al., 1994;Mattson & Riley, 1995;Riley et al., 1995The corpus callosum is the connective tissue that unites the left andright hemispheres of the brain. An abnormality in the corpus callosumof the brain is more common in children with FAS (approximately6%) than in the general population (0.1%). While most children withFAS do have a corpus callosum, it may be reduced in size. The top leftimage in Fig 4 is a control or normal brain. The other images are fromchildren with FAS. In the top middle the corpus callosum is present,but is very thin at the posterior section of the brain. In the upper rightthe corpus callosum is essentially missing. The bottom two picturesare from a nine-year-old girl with FAS. She has agenesis (partial orcomplete absence) of the corpus callosum and the large dark area inthe back of her brain above the cerebellum is essentially an emptyspace (Riley et al, 1995).Prenatal alcohol exposure can alsodisrupt the electrophysiology andneurochemical balance of thebrain, so that messages are nottransmitted as efficiently or asaccurately as they should be. Insome children with FASD, thewiring of the brain’s messagesystem is dysfunctional, causingmessage receptors to be faulty.12 FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDERS florida resource guide
Page 1 and 2: FETALALCOHOLSPECTRUMDISORDERSflorid
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Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSShawn Baldwin, MSAs
Page 7 and 8: 4 FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDERS
Page 9 and 10: Introductioneducational plan. Despi
Page 11 and 12: SECTION 1Overview of FetalAlcohol S
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Page 19 and 20: SECTION 3FAS: Fact and FictionSeven
Page 23 and 24: SECTION 4Diagnosis of FASWe havenev
Page 25 and 26: SECTION 4Diagnosis of FASPhysical a
Page 27 and 28: SECTION 4Diagnosis of FASThe FAS Sc
Page 29 and 30: SECTION 4Diagnosis of FASThe FAS Sc
Page 31 and 32: SECTION 4Diagnosis of FASFAS Diagno
Page 33 and 34: SECTION 4Diagnosis of FAS30 FETAL A
Page 37 and 38: SECTION 5Effects of PrenatalAlcohol
Page 49 and 50: SECTION 6PreventionCurrent Strategi
Page 51 and 52: SECTION 6PreventionScreening for Wo
Page 53 and 54: SECTION 6PreventionFlorida spendsan
Page 55 and 56: SECTION 6PreventionFlorida provides
Page 57 and 58: SECTION 6PreventionFuture Strategie
Page 59 and 60: SECTION 6PreventionThe Fetal Alcoho
Page 61 and 62: ResourcesBOOKS, continuedOur FAScin
Page 63 and 64: ResourcesSUPPORT GROUPS, AGENCIES a
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ResourcesNEWSLETTERS, continuedThe
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ResourcesWEBSITES, continuedFamily
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ReferencesAbel, E. (1988). Fetal al
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References, continuedStreissguth, A
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Produced jointly byFlorida Departme
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FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDERS florida resource guide

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