Exploring Links between Trafficking and Migration - Global Alliance ...

Exploring Links between Trafficking and Migration“Arouse, Mobilize and Organise”: Migrant Domestic Workers ClaimingTheir Space in Hong KongIndonesian migrant workers are experiencing human rights violations duringrecruitment and pre-placement, during their placement and when they returnto their home province. Most of the 6 million Indonesian migrant workers arewomen doing what is often referred to “unskilled labour” or “3 D” – Dirty,Difficult and Dangerous – work, yet Indonesia has not provided adequate humanrights protection for its migrant workers. Indonesia’ s national law No.39/2004for the Placement and Protection of Indonesia Migrant Workers Abroad protectsthe interest of labour agencies by focusing on sending migrant workers butneglects the protection of workers.Indonesian domestic workers are responding to these violations by claimingtheir space and asserting their voices in countries of destination. ATKI, anorganisation based in Hong Kong, Indonesia and Macau and led by domesticworkers and returnee migrant workers describe their work: “We arouse, mobiliseand organise Indonesian migrant workers both in countries of origin anddestination, generate public awareness of the problems facing Indonesian migrantworkers and mobilise broad cooperation both at national and internationallevels to encourage the protection of Indonesian migrant workers. We alsocampaign for peasants as that is what most migrants were before. Those arecampaigns to stop land grabbing.”ATKI is responding to human rights violations in Hong Kong and Indonesia by:• campaigning against the Indonesian government’s placement feestructure and the work conditions forced on migrant workers indestination countries;• providing counselling to migrant workers, “We aren’t trained asprofessionals but we can share our experiences”;• providing temporary shelter;• providing legal assistance through the courts of “labour tribunals”;• advocating for employment insurance management;• and campaigning to allow employers to hire workers directly therebysaving migrant workers large employment agency fees. 41The two examples above show:• an individual claiming space by determining exactly how her money is spent,and• a self-organised group of migrants claiming space through campaigns andassistance to other migrants.In addition, policies play an instrumental role in protecting and opening the space forwomen’s rights. Some policies allow women more freedom to move and to maketheir own decisions about migration. In October 2009, for instance, in a big win forwomen, Kuwait’s high court gave women the right to obtain a passport withouttheir husband’s approval. 4214Opportunities for legal migration: A more flexible and effective systemfor allMuch has been written on the fact that many developed and developing countriesneed migrant labour to address labour shortages from aging populations, or to dowork that citizens do not want to do. It has been found that migration benefitsdestination countries 43 and that immigration increases employment, rather thanleaving locals jobless. 44