Formato PDF TAMAÑO

LENGUA INGLESATEORÍA Y PRÁCTICAPedro Civera Coloma2

ÍNDICEConceptos gramaticalesTo beTo haveTo doPronombres y adjetivos demostrativosHaber impersonalSome, any, no y sus compuestosPronombres y particulas interrogativasContables e incontablesEl géneroEl pluralFormación de palabras compuestasFunciones del nombreLa posesiónEl artículo indeterminadoEl articulo determinadoBoth, neither, eitherAdjetivosLa comparaciónPreposicionesAdverbiosYet, still, already, during y agoEl imperativoEl presente simpleBe going toEl presente continuoEl pasado simpleEl pasado continuoEl presente perfectoEl presente perfecto continuoEl pasado perfectoEl pasado perfecto continuoEl futuro simpleEl futuro continuoEl futuro perfectoEl condicional simpleEl condicional perfectoCuadro resumen de los tiemposTipos de oracionesLas oraciones de relativo3

Las conjuncionesLos verbos modalesCanMay, mightMustHave toShould, ought toWill, would, shallCuadro resumen de los verbos modalesColetilllasSay y tellMake y doLas exclamacionesLas oraciones condicionalesLa voz pasivaEl estilo indirectoEl gerundioEl infinitivoEstructuras de interésEl causativo haveVerbos con preposiciónVerbos y adjetivos con preposiciónContraccionesCambios ortográficosVerbos irregularesConectoresFalsos amigosExpresiones para la comunicación oralExpresiones para la comunicación oralSaludos y felicitaciones.Para dirigirse a un desconocido.PresentacionesCuando no entendemos algo bienPara preguntar la horaHablando por teléfonoPara agradecer algoExpresiones de cortesíaDías de la semanaDías de fiestaMeses del añoEstacionesPuntos cardinales4

Los coloresAdjetivosSignos del zodiacoLa horaNúmeros cardinalesLos números ordinalesEquivalencia de pesos y medidasPaises y nacionalidadesLa familiaProfesionesLa casaLa cocinaEl cuarto de bañoEl dormitorioEl salonMueblesLa ciudadPartes del cuerpoComidaEn la mesaSaboresBebidasFrutas y verdurasPostresPescadosCarnesFrutos secosMedios de transporteActividades diariasActividades de tiempo libreRopaComplementos y joyeriaTejidos y materialesAdjectivos para la descripcionAdjetivos para describir el caracterLa escuelaLa oficinaDeportesDolenciasTareas domesticasTiempo atmosfericoAnimales5

Arboles, flores y plantasPoliticaReligionBancoSímilesRefranesExpresiones idiomáticasTrabalenguasCitasAbreviaturasOraciones y villancicos6

Paises y nacionalidadesAdjectivos para la descripciónSímilesRefranesExpresiones idiomáticasTrabalenguasCitasAbreviaturasOraciones y villancicos7

CONCEPTOS GRAMATICALES• Para poder dominar una lengua extranjera es fundamental que estemosfamiliarizados con la terminología gramatical de la Lengua Española, quecomo todas las lenguas, está compuesta por un conjunto de signos quetienen sus propias reglas.Lenguaje.Lengua.Habla.Facultad que nos permitecomunicarnos.Está compuesta por signos y reglas.Uso que hacen los individuos de lalengua.Norma.Establece las reglas de uso.El lenguaje tiene varias funciones:FUNCIONES DEL LENGUAJERepresentativaExpresivaApelativaPoéticaSe transmite algo objetivo.Se transmite algo subjetivoIntenta provocar una reacciónEn ella se usan recursos lingüísticos yliterarios que cambian el sentido normaldel mensaje.CATEGORÍAS GRAMATICALES DEL ESPAÑOLPartes variablesSustantivo.Adjetivo.Artículo.Pronombre.8

Partes invariablesSujeto.Atributo.Complemento directo.Complemento indirecto.Complemento circunstancial.VerboAdverbio.Preposición.ConjunciónPara conocerlo preguntamos al verbo¿quién?Aparece con verbos copulativo (ser,estar, etc) se conce preguntado ¿quées?Se conoce preguntando ¿qué es loque?¿A quién? o ¿para quién?Modo: ¿cómo?Lugar: ¿dónde?Tiempo: ¿cuándo?Complemento agente.En oraciones pasivas. Fue escrito por él.Es bueno que estemos conozcamos el significado de los siguientes términos:Lexema.Antes se le denominaba raíz.Morfema.Nos informa del genero, número, etc.Fonética.Estudia los sonidos.Fonología.Lexicología.Fonema.División de las consonantes segúnel modo de articulación.Estudia los fonemas.Estudia el léxico o vocabulario de unalengua.Es la unidad más pequeña. La lenguaespañola tienen 24: cinco vocales ydiecinueve consonantesOclusivas.Fricativas.Africadas.Líquidas.División de las consonantes segúnBilabiales.9

el lugar de articulación.Según su sonoridad se clasificanen.Morfología.Semántica.Morfema.Labiodentales.Linguodentales.Linguointerdentales.Linguoalveolares.Linguopalatales.Linguovelares.Sonoras.Sordas.Estudia la forma de las palabras.Estudia el significado de las palabras.Unidad lingüística que se añade allexema o raíz para formar una palabra.Sintaxis.Parte de la gramática que se ocupa delas reglas mediante las cuales secombinan las unidades lingüísticas paraformar la oración.Sintagma.Es una o más palabras relacionadasentre sí.Oración.Sujeto.Predicado.Oración simple.Unidad lingüística mínima, constituidapor dos sintagmas: el nominal y elverbal que realizan la función de sujetoy predicado.Es la persona u objeto del que se dicealgo.Expresa todo lo que se dice del sujeto.Tiene como núcleo del predicado unsolo verbo.10

Sustantivo.Verbo.Se refiere a nombres,animales, cosas, etc.Indican las acciones queealzan los sujetos.Pedro come pan.Comer, Bailar, Ir.Adjetivo. Califica al nombre. Inma es rubia.Pronombre. Sustituye al nombre. Pepe es mi amigo, élnunca me falla.Adverbio. Modifica al verbo. Ella come mucho.Conjunción.Une oraciones ypalabras.Pueden ser coordinadasy subordinadas.Habla inglés y francés.Determinante. Matiza al nombre. Mi hermana.Un coche.Preposicion. Relaciona palabras. Vive en Sax.ArtículoPuede ser determinadoo indeterminado:El, la, los, lasUn, una, unos, unasEl libro es útil.Las oraciones pueden tener las siguientes partes:Sujeto.Es quien realiza laacción.Se conoce preguntando¿quién? al verbo.Yo como a las 2.VerboComplemento directo.Indica lo que hace elsujeto.Se conoce preguntandoal verbo ¿qué es lo qué?Ella estudia mucho.Ellos comen bocadillos.11

Complemento Indirecto. Se conoce preguntandoal verbo ¿a quién o paraquién ?Las cartas son paraMaría.ComplementoCircunstancial detiempo.ComplementoCircunstancial de modo.Complementocircunstancial de lugar.Locuciones adverbiales.Se conoce preguntandoal verbo ¿cuándo?Se conoce preguntandoal verbo ¿cómo?Se conoce preguntandoal verbo ¿dónde?Pueden aparacer alprincipio, en medio o alfinal de la frase.Ayer vi a Juan.Me duele la cabezaterriblemente.Se caso en Monóvar.La vi esta mañana.Esta mañana la vi.Atributo.Acompaña al verbo ser,estar y algunos otroscomo existir, parecer.Ella es guapa.Persona.Genero.Hay tres en singular: yo,tú, él, ella y ello.Tres en plural: nosotros,vosotros y ellos.Puede ser masculino,femenino o neutro.Él es Pepe.Nosotros somos de EldaEllos son altos.Perico es alto.Gloria es alta.Número.Puede ser singular oplural.Tengo un coche.Ellos tienen dos coches.Determinantes.Pueden ser: posesivos,demostrativos,numerales, cardinales,partitivos, indefinidos .Mi casa.Algunas personasEsta habitación.Artículo.Pueden serdeterminados oindeterminadosEl libro es bueno.Un libro es un buenregalo.12

Pronombres.Pueden ser personales,demostrativos, posesivos,relativos, interrogtivos,numerales, indefinidos.La mias es rápida.rápida.¿Quién vive aquí?Algunos vendrán luego.Verbo transitivo.Puede llevarcomplemento directoCompro el pan cada díaVerbo intransitivo.No llevan complementodirecto.Viven en Aspe.Verbo regular.Forma el pasado y elparticipio añadiendo lamisma desinencia. Eninglés “-ed”.To play, played, played.Verbo irregular.Forma el pasado y elparticipio pasado deotra forma.Go, went, gone.Infinitivo.Es la forma verbalacabada en en “–ar”, “-er”, “-ir”.En inglés suelen llevar lapartícula to.Cantar, comer, reir.To come, to playMust, can.Participio de presente. En inglés acaba en “-ing”.Playing, singing.Participio de pasado.En castellano acaba en“-ado” “-ido”.Comido, contado.Modo.Es una caracteristica delverbo.Puede ser: indicativo,subjuntivo, imperativo ycondicional.Tiempo.Situa temporalmenta laacción. Presente,Yo como.To comí.13

pasado y futuro. Puedenser simples, continuos yperfectos.Yo comeréYo he comido.Voz.Existen dos: activa ypasiva.Ernesto vende pielLas pieles son vendidaspor Ernesto.Afirmativas.Yo vivo en Elda.Negativas.No como carne roja.Interrogativas.¿Eres de Villena?Interrogativa negativa.¿ No eres tú la prima de Olga?Transitiva.Intransitiva.Reflexiva.Reciproca.Impersonal.Enunciativa.Interrogativa.Exclamativa.Pepe come carne.Ellos viven en LogroñoElla se lava sola.Pepe y Raquel se odian.Llueve mucho en Letonia.Tengo mucho hambreNunca bebo café.¿Cuánto vale el disco?¡Qué bonito!Imperativa.¡Cállate ya!Desiderativa.Ojalá llueva mañana.Tipos de oraciones simplesAtributivasExpresan cualidades del sujeto, y suelenusar los verbos ser y estar.14

Predicativas Expresan acciones con verbospredicativos. Pueden ser activas ypasivas.TransitivasIntransitivasReflexivasRecíprocasLlevan complemento directo: Yo comobocadillos de calamares.No tienen complemento directo.El sujeto realiza y recibe la acción.Los sujetos realizan y reciben la acciónmutuamente: Ellos se miran.PersonalesImpersonalesPasivasPasivas reflejasEnunciativasInterrogativasExclamativasImperativasDesiderativasDubitativasLlevan sujeto gramatical.Carecen de sujeto. Hace sol.El sujeto recibe la acción verbal y elverbo está en forma pasiva.Tienen el sujeto en voz activa: Sevenden pollos de campo. ivas oPueden ser afirmativas o negativas.Se utilizan para preguntar.Expresan emociones.Expresan mandatos y ruegos.Expresan deseos.Indican posibilidades o probabilidades.COORDINADAS15

Copulativas.Adversativas.Disyuntivas.Estudia y trabaja.Estudia mucho sin embargo no aprueba.Entra o sal.Temporales.Modales.Consecutivas.Condicionales.Causales.Finales.Concesivas.SUBORDINADASMientras caminabamos ibamos cantando.Debes hacerlo como dice la guia.Ha aprobado, por lo tanto se matriculará enderecho.Lo haré si no te quejas más.Puesto que lo sabe todo que conteste Manuel.Iremos para que te revisen la vista.Aunque no me gusta lo haré.16

TO BE• El verbo to be significa “ser” o “estar”. Comparte con to do y to have lacaractereristica de ayudar a formar otros tiempos verbales, por eso se ledenomina verbo auxiliar. Puede contraer con sujetos, demostrativos ytambién con: who, where, how, etc.I’m Peter. Peter’s here. That’s Manoli. Who’s that girl?Yo soy Pedro. Pedro está aquí. Esa es Manoli. ¿Quién es esachica?• Las contracciones se suelen usar en las conversaciones.• Interviene en la formación de los tiempos continuos o progresivos.• Las formas negativas las hace añadiendo not y las interrogativas pormedio de la inversión, es decir, poniendo primero el verbo y luego el sujeto.Esta estructura la comparte con el verbo to havecuano indica posesión ycon los verbos modales.PRESENTE PASADO FUTUROI am/I'm.Yo soy o yo estoy.I was.Yo era o yo estaba.I will/ shall be.Yo seré o yo estaré.You are/you're. You were. You will be.He is/he's. He was. He will be.She is/she's She was. She will be.It is/it's. It was. It will be.We are/we're. We were. We will/ shall be.You are/you're. You were. You will be.They are/they're. They were. They will be.17

Are not contrae en aren’t.Is not contrae en isn’t.Was not contrae enwasn’tWere not contrae enweren’tLa contracción es ‘ll.Will not contrae en won’t.Shall not contrae enshan’t.Are you fromElda?He is not from ElcheWere they in the cinema?¿Eres de Elda? Él no es de Elche. ¿Estaban ellos en el cine?PRINCIPALES USOSPara preguntar la edad.How old are you?¿Qué edad tienes?I am forty.Tengo cuarenta años.Indicar la profesión.La ideología.El credo religioso.Formar los tiempos continuos.I am a teacher.Soy profesor.He is a socialist.El es socialista.He is a catholic.El es católico.I am writing with a computer.Estoy escribiendo con un ordenador.I was swimming yesterday.Estuve nadando ayer.I will be walking on the beach.Estaré caminando por la playa.La formación de la voz pasiva.The book was written by Emilio.Este libro lo escribió Emilio.18

Este libro fue escrito por Emilio.Para medidas.I am six feet tall.Mido seis pies.How big is the town?¿Cómo es de grande el pueblo?It is quite big.Es bastante grande.How wide is the river Vinalopó?¿Qué anchura tiene el río Vinalopó?It is 200 metres wide.Tiene 200 metros de ancho.How high is Bolón?¿Qué altura tiene Bolón?It is nearly 1.000 metres high.Tiene casi 1.000 metros de altura.How small is an atom?¿Cómo es un átomo de pequeño?It is very smallEs muy pequeño.Indica tallas. I am size 8.Gasto la talla 8Con adjetivos.I am happy and you are right.Yo estoy contento y tú tienes razón.Unido a:Where (¿Dónde?)What (¿Qué?)Who (¿Quién?)Why, (¿Por qué?)etc,Con ciertas expresiones.Where’s the boy?¿Dónde está el niño?When’s your birthday?¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?I am right.Tengo razón.I am cold.19

Tengo frío.Contrae con demostrativos yadverbios.That’s right.Así es.How’s that?¿Cómo es eso?20

1) I ......................sure I will.a - Amb - Arec - Is2) I ................a teacher.a - Amb - Isc - Are3) Camara.......in Elda.a - Isb - Arec - Am4) Where...........you from?a - Isb - Arec - Am5) How old ........you?a - Isb - Arec - Am6) It.........hot today.a - Isb - Amc - Are7) It.......a telephone.a - Amb - Arec - Is8) They........students.a - Isb - Amc - Are9) This dog.......................white.a - Amb - Isc - Are10) The houses.........old.a - Amb - Isc - Are11) ........these books interesting?21

a - Isb - Arec - Am12) What........those people doing?a - Isb - Amc - Are13) The baby.......eating the food.a - Amb - Isc - Are14) The window........open.a - Amb - Isc - Are15) Cats.........black or white.a - Isb - Arec - Am16) Don't .............cheeky.a - Beb - Havec - Do17) How old are you? I................a - Have 20 yearsb - Am 20 yearsc - Have 20 years18) That is Mr. Pedro Civera. How .................he?a - Old isb - Many years isc - Many years has19) He ............in Madrid last week.a - Wasb - Werec - Be20) ......they in the same class as you at Azorín High School?a - Wasb - Werec - Be22

21) Yes, they........interesting books.a - Isb - Arec - Am22) Manolo.......a boy.a - Amb - Isc - Are23) I...........a teacher.a - Isb - Amc - Are24) Manuela.......tall.a - Amb - Arec - Is25) The tables........not small.a - Isb - Amc - Are26) ........the Plaza Mayor very big?a - Amb - Isc - Are27) You.........the limit.a - Areb - Isc - Am28) I ....................tall.a - Isb - Amc - Are29) My friends..........very nice.a - Amb - Isc - Are30) Horacio ......in Elche.a - Amb - Isc - Are23

31) Juan Carlos and Clemente........friends.a - Amb - Isc - Are32) She.........36 years old.a - Areb - Isc - Am33) My sister.......happy.a - Amb - Isc - Are34) What......your name?a - Isb - Amc - Are35) How.............you?a - Amb - Isc - Are36) Elda........in Alicante.a - Isb - Arec - Am37) My name........Pedro.a - Amb - Isc - Are38) I.........in the classroom.a - Amb - Isc - Are39) Jose Pérez ....................a mechanic.a - Isb - Arec - Am40) My mother ..................very good.a - Isb - Amc - Are41) You.....................tall.24

a - Isb - Arec - Am25

Soluciones1. A 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. C11. B 12. C 13. B 14. B 15. B 16. A 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. B21. B 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. B31. C 32. B 33. B 34. A 35. C 36. A 37. B 38. A 39. A 40. A41. B26

TO HAVE• Se traduce por tener. Puede ir acompañado de la partícula “got”. No seproduce alteración del significado si aparece o no, pero cuando apareceel verbo puede ir contraido. Tampoco se usa en las respuestas breves.PRESENTE PASADO FUTUROI have/l've.To tengo.I had.Yo tuve o yo tenía.I will have.Yo tendré.You have/you've. You had. You will have.He has/he's. He had. He will have.She has/she's. She had. She will have.It has/it's. It had. It will have.We have/we've. We had. We will have.You have/you've. You had. You will have.They have/they've. They had. They will have.Have + not contrae enhaven’t.Has + not contrae enhasn’t.Had + not contrae enhadn’t.I have a car.Tengo un coche.I have got a car.Tengo un coche.PRINCIPALES USOSIndicar posesión.I have a white car.Tengo un coche blanco.I have got a white car.27

Puede indicar otro tipo de actividades.Ingestión de alimentos tanto sólidoscomo líquidos.Tengo un coche blanco.I have breakfast at 7:45.Desayuno a las 7:45.I have a drink on Friday.Me tomo una copa los viernes.Otros.I have a bath and my wife has ashower.Yo me baño y mi mujer se ducha.We have a walk on Sunday.Damos un paseo los domingos.We had a good time there.Lo pasamos muy bien allí.Construcción de tiempos perfectos.I have been in New York.He estado en Nueva York.I have had a headache.He tenido un dolor de cabeza.I will have gone to Madrid.Habré ido a Madrid.Obligación.Combinado con better indica consejo.La contracción es You’d better.I have to go to Alicante tomorrow.Tengo que ir a Alicante mañana.You had better buy a new pair of shoes.Sería mejor que te comprases un par dezapatos.La construcción causativo have, seutiliza cuando alguien hace algúnservicio para nosotros.I’m going to have my hair cut.Me voy a cortar el pelo.• Con el significado de tener puede tener dos modos de hacer la formainterrogativa. La segunda es más usada en inglés americano.Have you got a car?¿Tienes un coche?Do you have a car?28

¿Tienes un coche?• Utiliza de igual modo “do” para hacer la interrogativa cuando hacereferencia a usos idiomáticos.Did you have a bath?¿Te bañaste?29

1) I..........a white car.a - Haveb - Hasc - Is2) Mary.........a German boyfriend.a - Hasb - Havec - Are3) We .....................a nice park near Sagasta Sqaure.a - Hasb - Havec - Is4) My flat.......................seven rooms.a - Hasb - Havec - Having5) My sister ...................a white car.a - Hasb - Havec - Haveen6) Pepita ........three daughters.a - Hasb - Haavec - Having7) My mother .......a lot of pictures.a - Haveb - Hasc - Having8) Susana.......two cars.a - Isb - Havec - Has9) Mr and Mrs García ........a house on the beach.a - Hasb - Havec - Haveing10) You..................two dictionaries.a - Hasb - Havec - Jaf11) My sister.....a new TV set and a DVD player.30

a - Hasb - Havec - Having12) Elda......................six parks.a - Haveb - Hasc - Having13) ......................she got a boyfriend?a - Hasb - Havec - To have14) We ......................three cinemas in Plaza Mayor.a - Hasb - Havec - Haven15) Manuela ..............a cat.a - Haveb - Hasc - Having16) I........................to go to Madrid last month.a - Haveb - Hadc - Must17) Hey...........a look, Rocio Jurado is there with her husband.a - Haveb - Takec - Put18) I'd rather ..............paella than gazpachos.a - Haveb - Hasc - Had19) "Do you have " a car and "Have you got a car " are:a - The sameb - Not the samec - It depends20) I ................................a headache.a - Hasb - Havec - Is21) She.................got a cold.31

a - Isb - Havec - Has32

Soluciones1. A 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. B11. A 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. B 16. B 17. A 18. A 19. A 20. B21. C33

TO DOSe traduce por hacer. En presente tiene dos formas, “do” y “does”, estaúltima se usa en la Tercera Persona del Singular (He, she, it). La forma delpasado es “did”. Todas se usan como auxiliares para la forma interrogativa yla negativa del presente y del pasado simple de los verbos no modales.Recuerda que siempre que aparezcan, el verbo irá en infinitivo.PRESENTE PASADO FUTUROI do.Yo hago.I did.Yo hice.I will do.Yo haré.You do. You did. You will do.He does. He did. He will do.She does. She did. She will do.It does. It did. It will do.We do. We did. We will do.You do. You did. You will do.They do. They did. They will do.Do not contrae en don’t.Does not contrae endoesn’t.Did not contrae endidn’t.Will not do contrae enwon’t do.Construir las formasnegativas.PRESENTEHe doesn’t eat meat.No come carne.I don’t want to go to thecinema.No quiero ir al cine.PASADOI didn’t go to thecinema.Yo no fui al cine.Construir las formas Do you love her? Did you go to England?34

interrogativas.Tiene también un usoenfático.¿La quieres?Does he speakValenciano?¿Habla valenciano?He does love running.Le encanta correr.¿Fuiste a Inglaterra?He did say what hewanted to say.Dijo lo que quería decir.PRINCIPALES USOSOtros usos idiomáticos.I did the shopping in Carrefour.Hice la compra en Carrefour.I do the washing up every night.Friego los platos cada noche.I never do the cleaning.Nunca hago la limpieza.Sometimes I do the cooking.A veces cocino.She hates doing the ironing.Ella odia planchar.Con la expresión “Yo también”.-I like María Callas.Me gusta María Callas.-So do I.Y a mí también.Con la expresión “Yo tampoco”.I don’t smoke.Yo no fumo.Neither do I.Yo tampoco.35

LOS PRONOMBRES Y ADJETIVOS• En inglés se hace necesario usar los pronombres personales, ya que de nohacerlo y usar sólo la forma verbal existiría ambigüedad. En el ejemplo: Goto London, no sabríamos quién va, podría ser yo, tú, nosotros, nosotras,vosotros, vosotras, ellos o ellas.• En castellano no pasa lo mismo. Si decimos Vamos a Alicante, lasdesinencias verbales nos sacan de dudas. Está claro que somos nosotros.PRONOMBRESPERSONALESSUJETOPRONOMBRESPERSONALESCOMPLEMENTOADJETIVOSPOSESIVOSPRONOMBRESPOSESIVOSPRONOMBRESREFLEXIVOSI . Yo. Me. A mí, me. My. Mi. Mine. El mío. Myself. Me.You . Tú. You. A ti, te. Your. Tu. Yours. El tuyo. Yourself. Te.He. Él. Him. A él, le. His. Su de él. His. El suyo.(de él).She. Ella. Her. A ella, le. Her. Su deella.Hers. El suyo.(de ella).It. Ello. It. A ello, le. It. Su de ello. Its. El suyo.(de ello).We. Nosotros o Us. A nosotros, a Our. Ours. Elnosostras. nosotras, nos. Nuestro, nuestro.nuestra.You .Vosotroso vosotras.They. Ellos oellas.You. A vosotros,a vosotras, os.Them. A ellos, aellas, les.Your.Vuestro,vuestra.Their. Su deellos, su deellas.Yours. Elvuestro.Theirs. El suyo.Himself. Se.Herself. Se.Itself. Se.Ourselves. Nos.Yourselves. Os.Themselves.Se.• Los pronombres personales pueden funcionar dentro de la frase comosujetos o complementosSUJETOCOMPLEMENTOElla es alta.Dale esto a ella.36

You are a teacher.This is for you.• “I” siempre se escribe con mayúscula.• “You” se puede traducir por Tú, Vd, vosotros, vosotras y Vds.• “You” e “it” tienen la misma forma como sujetos que como complementos.You are young.Tú eres joven.I love you.Te quiero.• No utilizan preposición delante del objeto indirecto, pero sí, si sigue alObjeto Directo.She gave me a kiss.Ella me dio un beso.She gave a kiss to me.Ella me dio un beso a mí.• El complemento Indirecto sin to se coloca delante del ComplementoDirectoI gave Sarah a kiss.Yo le di a Sara un beso.• El Complemento indirecto con to se coloca detrás del ComplementoDirectoI gave a kiss to Inma.Le di un beso a Inma.• It se usa generalmente para cosas y a veces también para bebés.Look at the baby, it is smiling.Mira al bebe, está sonriendo.• La diferencia entre un adjetivo y un pronombre posesivo es que el adjetivoacompaña al nombre y el pronombre lo substituye.ADJETIVOPRONOMBRE37

Mi casa es grande.My house is big.La mía también.Mine is also big.• Los pronombres reflexivos indican:Acciones que recaen sobre el mismosujeto.He washes himself every morning.Se lava cada mañana.Enfatizan.Pueden ir precedidos de by, en cuyocaso significan “yo solo”, “tú solo..”He himself can go.Él puede ir solo.I went to Madrid by myself.Fui yo solo a Madrid.Each other. “El uno al otro”One Another. “A todos”One.They love each other.Se quieren.They gave presents one another.Se hacen regalos.She is the prettiest one.Ella es la más guapa.I was the second one in the raceFui el segundo en la carrera.38

ADJETIVOS Y PRONOMBRES DEMOSTRATIVOSSINGULARTHlS este, esta, esto.THAT ese, esa, eso, aquel, aquella,aquello.THESE estos, estas.PLURALTHOSE esos, esas, aquellos, aquellas.• Como adjetivos concuerdan con el nombre.This man is my teacher of English.Este hombre es mi profesor de inglés.That woman is my wife.Esa mujer es mi esposa.These books are interesting.Estos libros son interesantes.Those girls are from Italy.Aquellas chicas son de Italia.Se usan cuando hablamos porteléfono.En ciertas expresiones.En presentacionesThis is Peter.Éste es Pedro.That’s right.Es correcto.This is Mary, my friendÉsta es María, mi amiga.39

1) Let me introduce..........a - Meb - Myselfc - Mine2) I hope you enjoy..........stay.a - Youb - Yourc - Yourself3) .......am sorry.a - Ib - Mec - My4) I will show .........the house.a - Yoursb - Yourc - You5) What's............name?a - Youb - Yourc - Yours6) What is...........motto?a - Yourb - Youc - Yours7) Peter and Mary have ................house in Villajoyosa.a - Theirb - Theyc - Them8) Sara is very happy with .........new doll.a - Sheb - Herc - Hers9) Oscar is at home playing with...............toys.a - Hisb - Hec - Him10) Carlos is in Elche. .............works there in a shoe factory.a - Himb - Hec - His11) ..................says that Isabel is her best friend.40

a - Sheb - Herc - Hers12) Felipe is very proud of ..................new car.a - Himb - Hisc - He13) Pilar and Paco are paying for...................new house.a - Themb - Theirc - They14) Barbie has ...........hair blonde.a - Herb - Shec - Hem15) The door is open because...............is very hot.a - Itb - Itsc - Itt16) .....................play tennis with their sons.a - Theyb - Themc - Theirs17) The girls are playing with ..................dolls.a - Themb - Theirc - They18) María is pretty and..............is also very tall and slim.a - Sheb - Herc - Hers19) ...............doesn't like writing with a fountain pen.a - Heb - Shec - Me20) ...............always play football in Castelar Square.a - Themb - Theirsc - They21) Pepe is poor but he says that...............is happy.a - He41

- Himc - Hers22) The computer is old...........was bought in 1980.a - Itb - Itsc - Him23) My sister is working with ..................new computer.a - Herb - Hisc - She24) Excuse.......a - Meb - Myc - Mine25) I am looking at..........a - Yourb - Youc - I26) Pleased to meet ............a - Yoursb - Usc - You27) How do ............do?a - Youb - Yoursc - Him28) Help .............., Pepe.a - Youb - Yourselfc - Yours29) Here ...........are.a - Web - Usc - Our30) Shut up and mind your ........business.a - Ourb - Oursc - Own31) ................Goodness.a - Myb - Me42

c - I32) ...........sounds great.a - Ib - Thatc - Me33) Give..........a ring when you get home please.a - Mineb - Mec - My34) Didn't .............say you wanted to come with us?a - Yoursb - Usc - You35) Thank ......very much.a - Youb - Yoursc - Youm36) Please give ............a hand.a - Usb - Wec - Our37) Give.............regards to your family.a - Meb - Myc - I38) Let ........take a photograph of you.a - Meb - Myc - Us39) Let ...........introduce myself.a - Meb - Ic - My40) I like............a - Sheb - Herc - Hem41) I play football with.........a - Heb - Himc - His43

42) The book is............a - Myb - Minec - Me43) She is ..................secretary.a - Meb - Myc - Mine44) I am................father.a - Heb - Hisc - Him45) Inmita is ..................daughter.a - Meb - Myc - Mine46) The dictionary is............a - Meb - Myc - Mine47) The umbrella is..........a - Heb - Herc - Hers48) He is..................teacher.a - Ourb - Wec - Us49) .........live in Elda.a - Usb - Wec - Our50) If you work for......you will not have to suffer a boss.a - Youb - Yoursc - Yourself51) Many people nowadays live by.......a - Themb - Themselvesc - Their44

52) We enjoyed ..........in our honeymoon.a - Usb - Oursc - Ourselves53) Help................Feel at home.a - Yourselfb - Youc - Yours54) The keys on the table are.........Mine are here.a - Youb - Yourc - Yours55) I am very proud of this town of......a - Meb - Myc - Mine56) ........faithfully.a - Yourb - Yoursc - Yourself57) Maika is a friend of.........................a - Meb - Ic - Mine58) It was a problem of.........that made us arrive late.a - Hersb - Shec - Her59) I like swimming. -.......too.a - Ib - Myc - Me60) Visit...........when you come to Elda.a - Usb - Ourc - Ours61) ....................wife's name is Inma.a - Ib - Mec - My62) .....................father was the Mayor.45

a - Heb - Hisc - Him63) She is ...................new teacher, her name is Laura.a - Usb - Ourc - Ours46

Soluciones1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. B11. A 12. B 13. B 14. A 15. A 16. A 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. C21. A 22. A 23. A 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. C31. A 32. B 33. B 34. C 35. A 36. A 37. A 38. A 39. A 40. B41. B 42. B 43. B 44. B 45. B 46. C 47. C 48. A 49. B 50. C51. B 52. C 53. A 54. C 55. C 56. B 57. C 58. A 59. C 60. B61. C 62. B 63. B47

HABER IMPERSONAL. THERE IS• Se usa para indicar que hay una o más cosas. Al formarse con el verbo tobe hace las formas interrogativas y negativas como el mencionado verbo.AFIRMATIVA INTERROGATIVA NEGATIVAThere is a car.Hay un coche.There was a boy.Había un niño.Is there a car?¿Hay un coche?Was there a boy?¿Había un niño?There is not a car.No hay un coche.There was not a boy.No había un niño.PRESENTE PASADO FUTURO CONDICIONALThere is. There was. There will be. There would be.There are.There were.There's.There is someone waiting for you.Hay alguien esperándote.There are four biscuits on the plate.Hay cuatro galletas en el plato.Is there anything I can do for you?¿Hay algo que pueda hacer por tí?48

1) Crevillente is a very modern town. There.....................not many old buildings.a - Isb - Arec - Am2) There.......................a photograph of the Mayor in the newspaper!a - Isb - Arec - Am3) Excuse me, ..............there a restaurant near here?a - Isb - Arec - Am4) There........................five people in my family.a - Isb - Arec - Am5) There.....not a film in the camera.a - Isb - Arec - Am6) How many cinemas…………………….. there in Villena?a - Isb - Arec - Am7) .........................there a concert next Sunday?a - Isb - Arec - Am8) ..........................there a bus from Alicante at 7.00?a - Isb - Arec - Am9) There...........two trains to Madrid every day.a - Isb - Arec - Am10) There.......some computers in this University.a - Isb - Arec - Am11) .......there a nice park in Alicante?49

a - Isb - Arec - Am12) ................there a supermarket near here?a - Isb - Arec - Am13) There...........................two letters from the bank.a - Isb - Arec - Am14) There.............many people in the club now.a - Isb - Arec - Am15) There.................a parade next Saturday.a - Isb - Arec - Am16) There........a football match on TV tonight.a - Isb - Arec - Am17) ..............there a swimming-pool in your hotel?a - Isb - Arec - Am18) There...............many restaurants in Benidorm.a - Isb - Arec - Am19) There.............a concert next June in Santa Pola.a - Isb - Arec - Am20) .....................there many people in the Festivities in Villena?a - Isb - Arec - Am50

Soluciones1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. B11. A 12. A 13. B 14. B 15. A 16. A 17. A 18. B 19. A 20. B51

LOS PRONOMBRES INDEFINIDOS SOME, ANY,NO y SUS COMPUESTOS• Expresan cantidades indefinidas.Some.Se usa con oraciones afirmativas. Setraduce por algo, algún, algo de.I have some magazines from thelibrary.Tengo varias revistas de la biblioteca.En interrogativas cuando larespuesta que se espera esafirmativa.Any.Se usa en oraciones interrogativas ynegativas. Se traduce por “nada”,“ningún”, “algún”.No.Se usa en oraciones con el verbo enafirmativa pero el sentido de la frasees negativo.Do you want some chocolates?¿Quieres bombones?Have you any good book to lend me?¿Tienes algún buen libro paradejarme?I haven’t any money.No tengo dinero.I have no money.No tengo dinero.• Los compuestos de some, any y no se comportan de la misma manera.Something.Algo.Anything.Algo, nada.Nothing.Nada.Everything.Todo.Somebody.Alguien.Anybody.Alguien, nadie.Nobody.Nadie.Everybody.Todos.Somewhere.Algún lugar.Anywhere.Alguna parte,ninguna parte.Nowhere.Ninguna parte.Everywhere.Todas partes.Someone.Alguien.Anyone.Alguien, nadie.No one.Nadie.Everyone.Cada uno.52

Is there anybody who wants to come with me to Madrid?¿Hay alguien que quiera venir conmigo a Madrid?There is nothing more to say.No hay nada más que decir.53

1) I want..........water please.a - Someb - Anyc - Somebody2) I want...........................ice.a - Myselfb - Anyc - Some3) I haven't got...........................pets.a - Ab - Somec - Any4) I have.............................money.a - Someb - Anyc - Do5) Do you want..............................bread?a - Someb - Bothc - Any6) I want...........................coke.a - Anyb - Threec - Some7) I haven't ......................................money.a - Someb - Anyc - Something8) We haven't......................................matches.a - Someb - Everythingc - Any9) We have......................................French wines.a - Anyb - Somec - Much10) There aren't.................................biscuits.a - Someb - Anyc - Anything11) I have.............................old pictures of Elda.54

a - Meb - Somec - Any12) Are there.....................................letters?a - Someb - Anyc - No13) Would you like .........................chocolates?a - Anyb - Willc - Some14) Have you seen ................love film lately?a - Someb - Anyc - No15) Have you got...........................brothers or sisters?a - Anyb - Myc - Some16) There are.....................................boys playing football outside.a - Theseb - Somec - Any17) Is there.........................................cinema in town?a - Anyb - Somec - Six18) Is there .....................................swimming pool in Petrel?a - Someb - Anyc - Big19) I've got ....................................books on computersa - Anyb - Somec - Me20) I want...........................apples.a - Somenodyb - Anyc - Some21) They haven't........................relatives in Seville.55

a - Someb - Anyc - Theirs22) Have you ........brothers or sisters?a - Someb - Anyc - No23) ..............understands me.a - Onebodyb - Nobodyc - Anyboby24) ...................smells nice!a - Anythingb - Somethingc - Nothing25) There's ...............like a siesta.a - Nothingb - Somethingc - Anything26) is there .........we can do to help?a - Anybodyb - Anythingc - Anywhere27) I would like to buy him .........typical of Spain.a - Somethingb - Nothingc - Anything28) There is......milk in the fridge.a - Nob - Somec - Many29) I want..........to eat.a - Someb - Somethingc - Anywhere30) There is .......which is not very clear in this.a - Somethingb - Anythingc - Nothing56

31) Would you like ..............more chocolates? I know they are your favouriteones.a - Anyb - Muchc - Some57

Soluciones1. A 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. B11. B 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. A 16. B 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. C21. B 22. B 23. B 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. A 29. B 30. A31. C58

OTROS INDEFINIDOSAll.Hace referencia a más de dos.Both.Se refiere a dos.Each.Cada.Either.O.Every.Cada.Neither.Ni.Neither…norNi..ni.None.Ninguno de los dos.All my friends came to my party.Todos mis amigos vinieron a mi fiesta.Both are 14.Los dos tienen catorce años.Each and every day I sleep siesta.Todos los días duermo la siesta.Either you stay here or come with us.O te quedas o vienes con nosotros.Every day I go running.Todos los días voy a correr.Neither of them are happy.Ninguno de ellos está contento.I neither like coffee nor tea.No me gusta ni el café ni el té.None wanted coffee.Ninguno quiso café.59

PRONOMBRES Y PARTICULASINTERROGATIVASWho.¿Quién? Se usa conpersonas.Whom.¿A quién? Se usacompañado porpreposiciones.Whose¿De quién? Se usa en laforma posesiva.Which.¿Qué o Cuál?What¿Qué? Se usa cuando nohay antecedentes.How.¿Cómo?How many.¿Cúantos?How much.¿Cuánto?How long.¿Cuánto tiempo?How far.¿A qué distancia?How fast.¿A qué velocidad?Who came yesterday?¿Quién vino ayer?Whom did you speak to?¿Con quién estabas hablando?The man with whom you spoke is Pepe.El hombre con quien estabas hablando es Pepe.Whose car is this Ford Fiesta?¿De quién es este Ford Fiesta?Which is your favourite singer?¿Quién es tu cantante favorito?What do you think of him?¿Qué piensas de él?How is your mother?¿Cómo está tu madre?How many books do you read a year?¿Cuántos libros lees al año?How much is that CD?¿Cuánto cuesta ese disco?How long will it take to go to Madrid by plane?¿Cuánto tiempo tardará en ir a Madrid enavión?How far is Elche from Santa Pola?¿Qué distancia hay entre Elche y Santa Pola?How fast can you type?¿A qué velocidad mecanografías?60

How often.¿Con qué frecuencia?Why.¿Por qué?When.¿Cuándo?Where.¿Dónde?What kind.¿Qué clase?How often do you play football?¿Con qué frecuencia juegas al fútbol?Why was he late?¿Por qué llegó tarde?When did you go there?¿Cuándo fuiste allí?Where do you live?¿Dónde vives?What kind of music do you like?¿Qué clase de música te gusta?61

1) ........do you spend your free time?a - Howb - Whenc - Which2) ........your phone number?a - What isb - Where isc - How is3) ........do you live with?a - Whob - Wherec - How4) ........do you do on Sundays?a - Whereb - Whatc - How5) ........were you born?a - Whereb - Whichc - What6) ..........sports do you practise.a - Whichb - Wherec - How7) ..............do you live?a - Whereb - Whichc - How8) ................says this is a good film?a - Whob - Wherec - What9) He is the one ....is in London, isn't he?a - Whob - Whichc - Where10) ..............did you know it was my birthday today?a - Whereb - Whatc - How11) What ........good idea!62

a - Ab - Somec - Few12) Wow! ...........a sight.a - Howb - Wherec - What13) ............silly!a - Howb - Wherec - Which14) ..................delicious sweets you have in Elda.a - Howb - Wherec - What15) …….. is Arguiñano?, -He is a marvellous cook, he came to Elda in 1997.a - Whob - Wherec - Which16) We both realise ...........important it is.a - Howb - Whichc - Where17) ...............interesting!a - Whatb - What anc - How18) Mercedes is ......................came to the party wearing the red dress.a - The one whob - Whatc - One which19) Juan, .........................did you have lunch with, last Saturday?a - Whob - Whosec - Which20) …….is Salvador? - The boy I met yesterday.a - Whob - Whatc - That21) .................came yesterday?63

a - Whob - Whomc - Whose22) ....................love operaa - Whomb - Whoc - Whose23) And this is ……..happened that night.a - Whatb - Whoc - That24) Is that book ..............you wanted to buy?a - The oneb - Thatc - What25) Look at those boys, Mary....one is your brother?a - Whob - Wherec - Which26) This is the Harley .........I want to buy.a - Whereb - Whatc - Which27) ............is this pencil?a - Howb - Whosec - Who28) ........father is the President of The Moros Musulmanes?a - Whoseb - Whatc - Which29) .........wrote several books on grammar?a - Whob - Wherec - Which30) ……is the restaurant?a - Whereb - Whichc - What31) .........celebrate San Antón all together?a - What about64

- Why don't wec - How about32) .........very nice car is a Mercedes.a - What ab - Howc - How a33) ........I arrive in Moscow I will send a fax.a - Asb - Whenc - Now34) ......a pretty girl.a - Whatb - What ac - How35) ......pretty girls.a - Whatb - What ac - How36) .........tall is the cathedral?a - Whatb - Howc - Where37) ..........silly of you is to say that!a - Whatb - Howc - What a38) ........long have you been studying English?a - Whereb - Howc - What39) ........horrible weather you have in England!a - What ab - Whatc - How40) ........paid the bill?a - Whereb - Whoc - How41) ......did you see at the fair?a - Whereb - Who65

c - Whose42) ........is your favourite film?a - Whatb - Whichc - Who43) .........happened when we went?a - Whatb - Wherec - How44) ..........does she want?a - Whereb - Whatc – Who45) .......is this old car?a - Whoseb - Whoc - Whom46) .........did you give the parcel?a - Whoseb - Whomc - How47) .........was that pretty girl who was with you in the Plaza Mayor?a - Whob - Whosec - Whom48) .......came with Pepe?a - Whatb - Whoc - Where49) ….....did he say?a - Whob - Whichc - What50) ………..is this car?a - Whob - Whomc - Whose51) ….......did you givethe first prize in the contest?a - Whoseb - Who66

c - Whom52) ..........a pretty girl!a - Whatb - Howc - What a53) ........stupid of him!a - Whatb - Howc - What a67

Soluciones1. A 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. A 8. A 9. A 10. C11. A 12. C 13. A 14. C 15. A 16. A 17. C 18. A 19. A 20. A21. A 22. B 23. A 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. A 30. A31. B 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. A 36. B 37. B 38. B 39. A 40. B41. B 42. B 43. A 44. B 45. A 46. B 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. C51. C 52. A 53. B68

El NOMBRECONTABLES E INCONTABLES• Los nombres se pueden clasificar en contables e incontables.• Contables son aquéllos que podemos contar con la ayuda de un numeral.Tienen forma de plural y pueden llevar el artículo a/an o the, some, fewetc.One book. Two pencils. Three boys. Four cars.Un libro. Dos lapiceros. Tres niños. Cuatro coches.• Los incontables no tienen plural, algunos de ellos pueden ser tantocontables como incontables. Existe un cambio en el significado.I bought a paper. Give me some paper to write.Compré un periódico. Dame papel para escribir.She has a new iron. This is made of iron.Tiene una nueva plancha. Ésto está hecho de hierro.Give me a glass. This is Bohemian glass.Dame un vaso. Esto es cristal de Bohemia.I drink coffee. Give me two coffees.Bebo café. Dame dos cafés.• Algunos nombres incontables:Butter.Mantequilla.Help.Ayuda.News.Noticias.Tea.TéChocolate.Chocolate.Homework.Deberes.Paper.Papel.Time.Tiempo.Coffee.Café.Hope.Esperanza.Physics.Física.Toothpaste.Pasta de dientes.Cream. Hunger. Rubbish. Trouble.69

Crema. Hambre. Basura. Problema.Dirt.Suciedad.Information.Información.Sand.Arena.Water.Agua.Flour.Harina.Food.Comida.Mathematics.Matemáticas.Milk.Leche.Sky.Cielo.Soap.Jabón.Weather.Tiempoatmosférico.Work.Trabajo.Fun.Diversión.Money.Dinero.Wine.Vino.Silver.Plata.Furniture.Mobiliario.Music.Música.Sugar.Azúcar.Advice.Consejo.70

MUCH, MANY, FEW, LITTLE, A LOT OFCONTABLESMany.Muchos o muchas.Few.Pocos o pocas.A few.Unos pocos o unas pocas.So Many.Tantos.So Few.Tan pocos.Too Many.Demasiados.Too Few.Demasiado pocos.I have many friends.Tengo muchos amigos.She has read few books.Ella ha leído pocos libros.I have a few good friends.Tengo unos pocos buenos amigos.We have so many books that I don’tknow where to put them.Tenemos tantos libros que no sédónde ponerlos.He is alone, he has so few friends.Está solo, tiene tan pocos amigos.Too many cooks spoil the broth.Demasiados cocineros echan a perderel caldo.There were too few to start the party.Había demasiado pocos paraempezar la fiesta.INCONTABLESMuch.Mucho.Little.Poco.A littleUn poco.So Little.Tan poco.I don’t drink much coke.No bebo mucha Coca-cola.He eats little fruit.Come poca fruta.With a little milk please.Con un poco de leche.He drinks so little water.Bebe tan poca agua.71

Too Much.Demasiado. “más de lo necesario”.They eat too much meat.Comen demasiada carne.Too Little.Demasiado poco. “menos de lonecesario”.So Much.Tanto.They have too little money.Tienen demasiado poco dinero.They spend so much on clothes thatthey never have enough money.Gastan tanto en ropa que nuncatienen suficiente dinero.CON CONTABLES E INCONTABLESA lot of.Mucho, muchos.We have a lot of books.Tenemos muchos libros.We drink a lot of water.Bebemos mucha agua.Lots of.Montones de. Mucho, Mucha.Plenty of.Mucho, muchos.Tiene el matiz de “de sobra”.Lots of people came yesterday.Mucha gente vino ayer.There are plenty of good books in thelibrary.Hay muchos buenos libros en labiblioteca.I don’t have to hurry, I’ve got plenty oftime.No tengo que apresurarme, tengomucho tiempo.• Partitivos más utilizados con los nombres incontables.A bar of.Una barra de.A bottle of.Una botella de.A bar of chocolate.Una barra de chocolate.A bottle of wine.Una botella de vino.72

A can of.Una lata de bebida.A cup of.Una taza de.A piece of.Un trozo de, una porción de.A tin of.Una lata de.A packet of.Una bolsa de.A can of coke.Un lata de Coca-cola.A cup of coffe.Una taza de café.A piece of paper.Un trozo de papel.A tin of tuna.Una lata de atún.A packet of crisps.Una bolsa de papas.73

1) Only ....................live in the country nowadays.a - Fewb - Littlec - Much2) There is....................noise in this city.a - Fewb - Manyc - Much3) There are ........schools in Salinas.Only two.a - Littleb - Fewc - Much4) I'll have........................coffee.a - Fewb - Ac - Any5) In Petrel there are...................mountains.a - Manyb - Muchc - Little6) There's...........................................whisky in the bottlea - Fewb - Littlec - Many7) ....................good friends are better than many.a - Littleb - Fewc - Much8) I have .........................money left.a - Littleb - Fewc - Many9) I want..........................milk in my coffee please.a - Someb - Anyc - Few10) I spend.........................time watching TV.a - Muchb - Manyc - Few11) We have to study.........................books.74

a - Muchb - Manyc - Any12) There are .................................desks in this class.a - Muchb - Littlec - Many13) Not ...................people smoke in this University.a - Manysb - Manyc - Fews14) They pay Zidane .......................money.a - Muchb - Manyc - Few15) There aren't ..............................towns in Teruel.a - Manyb - Muchc - Little16) I didn't drink ............................wine yesterday.a - Muchb - Manyc - Few17) There are only ..........................people in the concert.a - Fewb - Littlec - Many18) I want to have ............................friends.a - Littleb - Manyc - Much19) Now I have.................................money.a - Fewb - Manyc - Little20) They asked me ...........................questions.a - Manyb - Littlec - Much21) I don't have ................................time.75

a - Muchb - Manyc - Little22) I'll try .............English tea.a - Someb - Manyc - Any23) Don't ask me so ..........questions.a - Manyb - Muchc - Less24) How ..............shirts are you going to buy?a - Manyb - Muchc - Often25) I have .....time.a – Littleb - Muchc - Yet26) How ...........people are living in Villena?a - Muchb - Manyc - Some27) ...............much is the English book?a - Howb - Whichc - Where28) I drink........................coke.a - Manyb - Muchc - Few29) My wife eats ..................oranges.a - Manyb - Littlec - So30) My brother has...................CDs.a - A lot osb - A lot ofc - Much31) I study..........76

a - Fewb - Manyc - Much32) Is there ..................water in the bottle? No, there isn't.a - Manyb - Lotc - Much33) There is .................milk in the jug.a - Manyb - Muchc - Lot of34) We have.................magazines and books about Elda.a - A lotb - A lot ofc - Lots35) There are...................boys waiting for you outside.a - Muchb - A fewc - Fewing36) I don't eat..........................meat.a - Manyb - Muchc - Few37) We eat ...............fish.a - Manyb - Muchc - Few38) Lorenzo has ....................money.a – Muchb - Manyc – Few77

Soluciones1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. A11. B 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. A 16. A 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. A21. A 22. A 23. A 24. A 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. A31. C 32. C 33. B 34. B 35. B 36. B 37. B 38. A78

EL GENERO• Un gran número de nombres carecen de él, por eso tenemos la mismapalabra para masculino y femenino.Teacher.Profesor.Doctor.Médico.Student.Estudiante.Lawyer.Abogado.Artist.Artista.Reader.Lector.Musician.Músico.Driver.Conductor.• Otras palabras tienen una forma para el masculino y otra para el femeninoy neutro.MASCULINOS FEMENINOS NEUTROSFather.Padre.Brother.Hermano.Boy.Chico.Mother.Madre.Sister.Hermana.Daughter.Hija.Flower.Flor.Cat.Gato.Door.Puerta.• Otros tienen forma masculina y femeninaA male doctor.Un doctor.Actor.Actor.Bachelor.Soltero.Boy.Chico.MASCULINOA woman doctor.Una doctora.Actress.Actriz.Spinster.Soltera.Girl.Chica.FEMENINO79

80Brother.Hermano.Sister.Hermana.Bull.Toro.Cow.Vaca.Cock.Gallo.Hen.Gallina.Duke.Duque.Duchess.Duquesa.Emperor.Emperador.Empress.Emperatriz.Father.Padre.Mother.Madre.God.Dios.Goddess.Diosa.Horse.Caballo.Mare.Yegua.Host.Anfitrión.Hostess.Anfitriona.Husband.Esposo.Wife.Esposa.Lion.León.Lioness.Leona.Lord.Señor.Lady.Señora.Man.Hombre.Woman.Mujer.Nephew.Sobrino.Niece.Sobrina.Poet.Poeta.Poetess.Poetisa.

Prince.Príncipe.Son.Hijo.Steward.Auxiliar de vuelo.Tailor.Sastre.Uncle.Tío.Waiter.Camarero.Widower.Viudo.Princess.Princesa.Daughter.Hija.Stewardess.Azafata.Dressmaker.Modista.Aunt.Tía.Waitress.Camarera.Widow.Viuda.• Curiosamente, “Baby” puede llevar el pronombre “it” y los gatos y losperros “he” o “she”.• Los países, los barcos y los coches se consideran femeninos y a veces sepersonifican.- Do you like my car?¿Te gusta mi coche?- She is beautiful.Es bonito.81

EL PLURAL DE LOS NOMBRES• La regla general es añadir (-s).Car.Coche.Cars.Book.Libro.Books.Pen.Boli.Pens.• En los nombres que acaban en , s, z, ch, x, sh y o se añade (-es)Potato.Patata.Potatoes.Brush.Cepillo.Brushes.Box.Caja.Boxes.Kiss.Beso.Kisses.Pouch.Bolsa.Pouches.Church.Iglesia.ChurchesBush.Arbusto.Bushes.Box.Caja.Boxes.Church.Iglesia.Churches.• Sin embargo, las palabras de origen extranjero que terminan en “-o”solamente añaden una “-s“.Kilo.Quilo.Kilos.Kimono.Kimono.Kimonos.Piano.Piano.Pianos.Photo.Foto.Photos.Soprano.Soprano.Sopranos.Solo.Solo.Solos.Piano.Piano.Pianos.Radio.Radio.Radios.Tomato.Tomate.Tomatoes.• Los nombres acabados en “-y” precedida de vocal siguen la regla general,pero si la “-y” va precedida de consonante se transforma en “-i” y seañade “-es”.Toy. Toys. Boy. Boys. Monkey. Monkeys.82

Juguete. Chico. Mono.Lady.Señora.Ladies.City.Ciudad.Cities.Country.País.Countries.• Hay doce sustantivos que terminan en “-f” o “-fe”, cuyo plural cambia por“-ves”.Wolf.Lobo.Wolves.Thief.Ladrón.Thieves.Sheaf.Gavilla.Sheaves.Loaf.Barrapan.deLoaves.Leaf.Hoja.Leaves.Half.Mitad.Halves.Wife.Esposa.Wives.Shelf.Estantería.Shelves.Self.Uno mismo.Selves.Life.Vida.Lives.Knife.Cuchillo.Knives.Calf.Ternero.Calves.• Las demás palabras que terminan en “-f” o “-fe” añaden una “-s“.Safe.Caja deseguridad.Safes.Chief.Jefe.Chiefs.Cliff.Acantilado.Cliffs.• Existen plurales irregulares.Man.Hombre.Men.Woman.Mujer.Women.Mouse.Ratón.Mice.Foot.Pie.Feet.Goose.Ganso.Geese.Ox.Buey.Oxen.Child.Niño.Children.Tooth.Diente.Teeth.83

• Algunos animales o peces no cambian en plural:Sheep.Oveja.Deer.Ciervo.Trout.Trucha.Cod.Bacalao.Squid.Calamar.Mackarel.Caballa.Salmon.Salmón.Carp.Carpa.Plaice.Platija.Duck.Pato.Partridge.Perdíz.• Al igual que otras palabras como:Aircraft.Aeronave.Spacecraft.Naveespacial.Hovercraft.Aerodeslizador.• Otros tan sólo tiene forma pluralPeople.Gente.Pyjamas.Pijama.Cattle.Ganado.Glasses.Gafas.Police.Policia.Scissors.Tijeras.Folk.Gente.Binoculars.Prismáticos.Shorts.Pantalones cortos.Thanks.Gracias.Jeans.Pantalonesvaqueros.Trousers.Pantalones.Stairs.Escaleras.• Algunos de los acabados en “-s” van siempre en singular.Mathematics.MatemáticasGymnasticsGimnasia.Politics.Política.Phonetics.Fonética.• Los nombres colectivos, police, crew, family, team, etc., pueden llevar elverbo en singular o en plural, según el sentido que le demos a la frase:Our police is very efficient.Nuestra policía es muy eficaz.The police are looking for the thief.La policía esta buscando al ladrón.Our team is the best.Nuestro equipo es el mejor.Our team are wearing the new T-shirts.Nuestra equipo lleva la nuevacamiseta.84

• Penny tiene dos posibles plurales. Pennies hace referencia a las monedas ypence a la cantidad total.I have 4 pennies.Tengo cuatro peniques.I paid 50 pence.Pagué cincuenta peniques.• Las palabras compuestas formadas con preposiciones o adverbios formanel plural en la primera parte del nombreMaid of honour.Dama de honorMaids of honour.Brother in law.Cuñado.Brothers in law.• Las palabras que incluyen man o woman forman el plural modificando lasdos partesManservant.Menservants.PRONUNCIACION DE LA DESINENCIA DEPLURAL./s/. Cats. /z/ Windows. /iz/ Houses.Cuando los nombresacaban en consonantesorda.. p, t, k, fCuando los nombresacaban en consonantesonora o vocal. b, d, g, v,m, n, l, r, w, jCuando los nombresacaban en s, z, x, ch, ss, ...85

1) El plural de dish es........a - Dishesb - Dishsc - Dishen2) Las palabras acabadas en vocal "+ y " como boy, hacen el plural......a - Añadiendo sb - Cambiando la "y " por i y añadiendo sc - Añadiendo -es3) Las palabras "glass, dish, church, fox y buzz " hacen el plural........a - Añadiendo -sb - Añadiendo -esc - Añadiendo -ies4) What are you.........?a - Hobbyb - Hobbiesc - Jobis5) What .......have you visited?a - Countryb - Countriesc - Cantris6) I want two ......................of Fanta.a - Glassb - Glassvesc - Glasses7) I like tomato ..............a - Sandwichesb - Sandwichsc - Sandwicheves8) In the sea there are many .................a - Fishessb - Fishsc - Fish9) I bought three ............a - Salmonsb - Salmonc - Salmones10) I like ...........................................a - Potatosb - Potatoesc - Pototaves11) I do not like...........86

a - Mousesb - Mousec - Mice12) My penthouse has two.a - Roovesb - Roofsc - Roofes13) This tree has many ..................................................a - Leafsb - Leavesc - Leafss14) I use paper .......................................................a - Handkerchiefsb - Handkerchievesc - Handkerchiefes15) In the zoo I saw four .....a - Sheepb - Sheepsc - Sheppes16) I never go to ...............................................a - Discoesb - Discosc - Discooes17) In my kitchen there are many ..............................a - Shelvesb - Shelfsc - Shelving18) Europe has many different.............................a - Countrysb - Countriesc - Countris19) I prefer ghost .............................a - Storiesb - Storyesc - Storis20) She has many .............................a - Worriesb - Worrysc - Worryes21) We always use silver ................87

a - Knivesb - Knifesc - Knifs22) The forest has many ...........a - Deersb - Deerc - Deeres23) Las palabras " kilo, photo, piano, solo, dynamo y magneto " hacen elplural......a - Añadiendo -sb - Añadiendo -esc - Añadiendo -ves24) Las palabras "glass, dish, church, fox y buzz " hacen el plural........a - Añadiendo -sb - Añadienod -esc - Añadiendo -ies25) Sheep, deer, swine, fish, trout, salmon, aircraft hacen el plural........a - Añadiendo -esb - Esa misma forma les sirve para el pluralc - Añadiendo -s26) The police ........coming very soon.a - Isb - Arec - Be27) This mountain is more that 1500 ..........high.a - Footb - Footsc - Feet28) Which .................are you from?a - Countryb - Countric - Kantry29) She gave him four .........of bread.a - Loafsb - Loavesc - Loavings30) The indians had many.......a - Chiefsb - Chievesc - Cifs88

31) My favourite.........were a ball and the Scalextrix.a - Toysb - Toyesc - Tois32) In the Tarzan films there are many.........a - Monkeisb - Monkeysc - Mankis33) A famous English king had six........a - Wifesb - Wivesc - Wivess34) We always buy three.......of bread in Perete.a - Loafsb - Loavesc - Loavess35) All of us have two.......a - Feetb - Footc - Foots36) The plural of goose is...a - Goosesb - Geesec - Gees37) The plural of mouse is...a - Mousesb - Micec - Mices38) The plural of carp is...a - Carpsb - Carpe diemc - Carp39) The plural of partridge isa - Partridgesb - Partdrigessc - Partridge40) Para decir que hay muchos peces en el mar diremos......a - There's a lot of fishes in the seab - There's a lot of fish in the seac - There are a lot of fishes in the sea41) I like........................with cream.89

a - Strawberriesb - Strawberryesc - Strauberries42) Before my daughters were born I visited many....................with my wife.a - Countriesb - Countryesc - Cauntries90

Soluciones1. A 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. B11. C 12. B 13. B 14. B 15. A 16. B 17. A 18. B 19. A 20. A21. A 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. A31. A 32. B 33. B 34. B 35. A 36. B 37. B 38. C 39. C 40. B41. A 42. A91

FUNCIONES DEL NOMBRE.FORMACIÓN DE PALABRAS COMPUESTAS• Algunos nombres surgen de la combinación de dos palabras.Adjetivo + nombre. Handful. Puñado.Nombre + nombre. Toothpaste. Pasta de dientes.Ing + nombre. Washingmachine. Lavadora.Pronombre + nombre. Shegoat. Cabra.Verbo + nombre. Breakfast. Desayuno.Preposición + nombre. Overwork. Exceso de trabajo.Preposición + verbo. Income. Ingresos.• Todos los nombres pueden tener las siguientes funcionesSujeto.Predicado.Complemento Directo.Complemento Indirecto.María is a teacher.María es profesora.María is a sociable woman.María es una mujer sociable.I saw a woman there.Ví una mujer allí.This present is for that woman.Este regalo es para esa mujer.• Algunos sufijos nos pueden ayudar a identificar a los nombres.-er. -er. -ee. -tion. -ist. -ism. -ness.Profesiones. Cosas. Personas. Nombres Profesiones. Ideologías. Nombre.Verbos.Baker. Opener. Employee. Pollution. Violinist. Comunism. Hapiness.92

Panadero. Abridor. Empleado. Contaminación.ComunismoFelicidad.-ance. -hood. -ment. -tion. -ity.Nombre. Nombre. Nombre. Nombre. Nombre.Abundance Childhood. Shipment. Education. Ability.Abundancia. Niñez. Envío. Educación. Habilidad.• Algunos sufijos nos pueden ayudar a identificar a los adjetivos o adverbios.-al. -ic. -ive. -ful. -less. -ous. -ly.Practical.Práctico.Historic.Histórico.Exclusive.Exclusivo.Faithful.Leal.Hopeless.SinesperanzaIndustriousTrabajadorFriendly.Amistoso.-ed. -en. -ant. -ive. -ible. -like. -worthy.Excited.Excitado.Wooden.DemaderaIrrelevant.IrrelevanteComprehensive.Comprensivo.Sensible.Sensato.Childlike.infantilTrustworthy.Fiable• Algunos prefijos negativos.Dis- Il- Im- In- Ir- Non- Un-Dishonest.DeshonestoIllegal.Ilegal.Impolite.Maleducado.Invisible.Invisible.Irregular.Irregular.Nonsmoker.Nofumador.UnthinkableImpensable• Algunos prefijos de los más usados.Anti- Over- Pre- Semi- Super- Post- UnderAntibiotic.AntibióticoOverdoseSobredosisPredictable.Predecible.Semiprofessional.SemiprofeSupernatural.SupernatPostpone.Posponer.UndermineSocavar.93

sional.ural.94

GENITIVO SAJÓN• Es una construcción especial que se utiliza para indicar posesión. Laestructura del genitivo sajón es: Poseedor + ‘s + cosa poseída.• Normalmente la utilizamos con personas y rara vez con objetos.Añadir apóstrofo y una “s “es la reglageneral.Acabados en s, como nombre propioañade sólo “ ’ ”.Plurales irregulares no terminados en“s” o “-es” siguen la regla general.Más de un sujeto.Peter’s bike.La bici de Pedro.Pits’ car.El coche de Pit.A men’s club.Un club para hombres.My brother and sister’s friends.Los amigos de mi hermano y de mihermana.My brother’s and sister’s friends.Los amigos de mi hermano y lasamigas de mi hermana.Algunas expresiones.A day’s break.Un descanso de un día.Today’s paper.El periódico de hoy.The car’s engine.El motor del coche.A stone’s throw.A tiro de piedra.Casas y tiendas.I went to my sister’sFui casa de mi hermana.She was at the baker’s.Estaba en la panadería.Tiendas, hospitales e iglesias.He goes to his friend’s.95

Él va a casa de su amigo.He got married in Sant Louis’.Él se casó en la Iglesia de San Luis.I was at the dentist’s.Yo estaba en el dentista.Los plurales regulares acabados en “s”sólo añaden el apóstrofo.A girls’ school.Una escuela de chicas.96

1) This is the .............., isn't it?a - Balls' boysb - Boys' the ballc - Boys' ball2) La casa de Manoli.a - House's manolib - Manoli's housec - The manoli's house3) El coche de mi amigo.a - The my friend's carb - My friend's carc - Car's my friend4) La casa de los Torres.a - The Torres' houseb - Torres'ss housec - The house of Torres'5) Las obras de Cervantes.a - Cervantes' worksb - Cervante's worksc - The cervantes's works6) El teorema de Pitágoras.a - Pythagoras's the theromb - The pythagora's theoremc - Pythagoras's theorem7) La madre de mi suegra.a - My mother-in-law's motherb - My mother's- in- law motherc - My mother's-in -law's mother8) Vamos a casa de Clemente.a - We are going to Clemente'sb - We are going to the Clemente'sc - We are going to Clementes9) Ella está en la pelu.a - She's at the hairdresser'sb - She is at hairdresserc - She is the hairdresser97

Soluciones1. C 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. A98

EL ARTÍCULO INDETERMINADOLos artículos preceden y detreminan a los sustantivos.• Su traducción es “un”, “una”. Tiene dos formas “a” y “an”.• Es invariable en género y número, por lo tanto la misma forma sirve paramasculino y femenino. Carece de plural. Se suele usar “some” paraexpresar el significado de unos.• “A” se emplea con palabras que comienzan por sonido consonántico.• “An” va con las que comienzan por sonido vocálico.• Las palabras que comienzan por “h” muda como honest, llevan “an”.• Las palabras que comienzan por semiconsonantes como “university” llevan“a”.• Hace las misma funciones que el artículo español. Designa personas ycosas.• Se puede usar con el sentido de “ un tal”There is a Mr. Pérez waiting for you.Hay un tal señor Pérez esperándote.AANA house.Una casa.A car.Un coche.A university.Una universidad.A uniform.Un uniforme.A union.An apple.Una manzana.An hour.Una hora.An honest person.Una persona honrada.An honor.Un honor.An umbrella.99

Un sindicato.A European.Un europeo.Un paraguas.An MP.Un miembro del Parlamento.Acompaña a ciertos números yexpresiones de cantidad.A hundred.Cien.A couple of hours.Un par de horas.Para indicar el precio de las cosas.It is 10 euros a kilo..Cuesta 10 euros el kilo.Usamos “a” o “an” cuando es laprimera vez que hablamos de unobjeto.The woman had a nice house near thebeach. La mujer tenía una bonita casacerca de la playa.Cuando la referencia no está clara.Con profesiones, religiones, e ideaspolíticas.I want a book but I don’t want anEnglish book.Quiero comprar un libro pero no quieroun libro inglés.I am a lawyer and he is a nurse.Yo soy abogado y ella es enfermera.He is a Catholic and I am a Jew.Él es católico y yo soy judío.He was a socialist and now he is aconservative. Él era socialista y ahora esconservador.Con enfermedades.Last week I had a terrible cold.La semana pasada tuve un resfriadohorrible.My wife has a toothache.A mi mujer le duele un dienteCon expresiones.As a rule.Por regla general.100

On a diet.A dieta.Con exclamaciones.Con adverbios.What a pretty woman.Qué mujer más guapa!Once a year.Una vez al año.• “A” puede ser cambiado por “one” en algunos casos.One morning I saw him here.Una mañana le vi aquí.101

EL ARTÍCULO DETERMINADO THE• Es parte invariable de la oración y va tanto con nombres en singular comocon nombres en plural. Se puede traducir por: el, la los y las. Tiene dospronunciaciones según vaya precediendo a vocales o consonantes.The girl. The girls. The car. The cars.La chica. Las chicas. El coche. Los coches.USOSRíos.Mares.The Nile.El río Nilo.The Black Sea.El mar Negro.The Atlantic Ocean.El Océano Atlántico.Montañas.Islas.Desiertos.Países en plural.Cosas únicas.The Alps.Los Alpes.The Canary Islands.Las Islas Canarias.The Sahara.El desierto del Sahara.The Netherlands.Los Países Bajos.The Universe.El Universo.The Sun.El Sol.The Moon.La luna.102

The Earth.La Tierra.Con instrumentos musicales.Junto a un adjetivo hace referencia aun colectivo, a un tipo de personas.I play the piano.Yo toco el violín.The blind.Los ciegos.The rich.Los ricos.The poor.Los pobres.The British.Los británicos.Con los superlativos.También con algunas expresiones.Water is in my opinion the best drink.El agua es en mi opinión la mejorbebida.He was in the navy.Él estuvo en la marina.The police.La policía.I went to the Post Office.Yo fui a la oficina de correos.They were in the radio this morning.Ellos estuvieron en la radio éstamañana.I went to the cinema last Sunday.Yo fui al cine el pasado domingo.I have spent very good moments inthe theatre.Yo he pasado muy buenos momentosen el teatro.Con fechas se lee pero no se escribe.30 th November is my birthday.El día treinta de noviembre es my103

Con algunas palabras modifica elsignificadoBed, class, court, college, church,hospital, market , prison, university,town.cumpleaños. Esto debe leerseNovember the thirtieth o thethirtieth of November.In hospital.En el hospital. (hospitalizado)In the hospital.En el hospital. (de visita)Junto a las palabras Republic, State,Kingdom.The United Kingdom.El Reino Unido.The Arab Republic.La República Árabe.Con cosas únicas.Con contables en singular hacereferencia a la totalidad.Con los adjetivos pasa lo mismo.The moon isn’t red.La luna no es roja.The orange is an excellent fruit.La naranja es una excelente fruta.The rich also cry.Los ricos también lloran.The blind.Los ciegos.Con apellidos.The Barrymore.Los BarrimoreThe Parker.Los Parker.NO SE UTILIZACon días de la semana.Meses.I play tennis on Monday.Yo juego al tenis los lunes.In July I go to San Juan beach.En el mes de julio voy a la playa deSan Juan.104

Estaciones y fiestas.Idiomas.Meses, estaciones, semanas, años.Colores.Deportes, actividades y juegos.Easter is a great holiday.Pascua es una gran fiesta.Italian is very romantic.El italiano es muy romántico.On MondayEl lunesRed is my favourite colour.El color rojo es mi color favorito.Swimming is good for you.La natación es buena para ti.I don’t play cards.Yo no juego a las cartas.Comidas.Expresiones.Lunch, breakfast and supper are themeals of the day.La comida, el desayuno y la cena sonlas comidas del día.At night.Por la noche.At dawn.Al anochecer.At sunrise.Al amanecer.Cuando nos referimos al sentidogeneral de algo.Wine is good for you.El vino es bueno para ti.The wine from Pinoso is the best.El vino de Pinoso es el mejor.Con las partes del cuerpo.Canales hechos por el hombre.Wash your hair.Lávate el pelo.Suez canal.El canal de SuezCon las palabras “bed”, “school”, He is in bed.105

“hospital”, “prison”, college”,“university”.Con las comidas.Con “ver la tele”.Con personas.El está en cama.I have lunch at home.Como en casa.I never watch TV.Nunca veo la tele.Doctor Ferreira no The doctor Ferreira.El doctor Ferreira.106

1) He......... boy.a - Anb - Thec - That2) Today I ate..........apple.a - Anb - Ac - Any3) My sister is ..........doctor.a - Anb - Ac - Something4) Mr. García is...........honest man.a - Ab - Anc - Both5) I like drinking .........coke.a - Anb - Ac - Many6) Is he ........architect?a - Ab - Anc - Little7) Is Salinas............big city?a - Ab - Anc - These8) I went to the swimming pool.......hour ago.a - Anb - Ac - The9) He has ........cat.a - Anb - Ac - Many10) I want to be ........lawyer.a - Someb - Ac - An11) Do you like .......English language?107

a - Ab - Thec - Some12) He's ........engineer.a - Anb - Ac - Some13) I would like to be ........lawyer.a - Ab - Anc - Some14) What ........................relief to get rid of him.a - Anb - Ac - Some15) They only cost 30 euros ...........hour.a - Anb - Ac - The16) I never listen to...radio at night.a - Ab - Thec - -17) .......moon goes round the Earth.a - Ab - Thec - -18) My father-in-law likes watching......TV.a - Ab - Thec - -19) Why don't you eat..........breakfast?a - Ab - Thec - -20) Tabarca is........island near Santa Pola.a - Theb - Ac - An21) Tomás lives in........country.a - The108

- -c - A22) Before......lunch we played ATAJOS.a - Theb - -c - A23) .......capital of Spain is Madrid.a - Theb - -c - A24) ...........Vinalopó is the only river we have.a - -b - Thec - A25) ........USA is a very big country.a - -b - Thec - A26) I would like to live near........sea.a - -b - Thec - A27) .......wine is good if you drink properly.a - -b - Thec - A28) ........wine from Rioja is my favourite.a - -b - Thec - A29) ......policemen have a hard life.a - Theb - -c - A30) My mother-in-law is always with........telephone in hand.a - Theb - Ac - -31) I didn't learn to play .......guitar in don Emilio's.a - -b - The109

c - A32) .............rich also cry.a - -b - Ac - The33) ......French drink more wine than we do.a - -b - Ac – The34) ......women like going to the hairdresser more than men.a - -b - Thec - A35) Pepe had an accident so he is in ......hospital.a - -b - Thec - A36) I went to.......hospital to vist my friend Enrique who had a heart attack.a - Theb - -c - A37) Sarah goes to......church every Sunday with my wife.a - -b - Thec - A38) He was in........prison because he killed a cat.a - -b - Ac - The39) I studied at......Alicante University wih Bryn Moody.a - -b - Thec - A40) Vladi has gone to........work now.a - Theb - Ac - -41) I prefer to stay...........home.a - Theb - A110

c - -42) Before .......work we go running.a - Ab - -c - The111

Soluciones1. B 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. B11. B 12. A 13. A 14. B 15. A 16. B 17. B 18. C 19. C 20. C21. A 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. B 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. B 30. A31. B 32. C 33. C 34. A 35. A 36. A 37. A 38. A 39. A 40. C41. C 42. B112

BOTH, ALL, NONE, NEITHER, EITHER, EACH,EVERY, NO.Both.Ambos.Both Peter and Sarah like confetti.Tanto a Pedro como a Sara les gustan los confetis.We both like jazz.A los dos nos gusta el jazz.Both of the children have been to Paris.Los dos niños han estado en París.The children have both been to Paris.Los dos niños han estado en París.Both….and.Tanto como.Both of them.Ellos dos.Neither. Ninguno.Ni.Give me both.Dame los dos.I like both the film and the book.Me gusta tanto la película como el libro.Both of them are happy.Los dos son felices.Neither of them came to my party.Ninguno de los dos vino a mi fiesta.-I don’t like coffe.A mí no me gusta el café.-Neither do I.Ni a mí tampoco.Either....or. O…..o. Either you come with me or go with him.O vienes conmigo o vas con él.Neither....nor.Ni….ni.I like neither coffee nor tea.No me gusta ni el té ni el café.All.Todos. Más dedos.All the students were happy after the exam.Todos los estudiantes estaban contentos después delexamen.None.None of my friends wanted to buy my car.113

Ninguno. Más dedosMost.La mayoría, lamayor parte.Ninguno de mis amigos quiso comprar mi coche.Most of them are from Canada.Los dos son de Canadá.Each.Cada uno.Every. Todos ycada unoNo. Nada.Each student must buy a dictionary.Cada estudiante debe comprar un diccionario.Every citizen paid the taxes.Todos los ciudadanos pagaron los impuestos.I have no money now.Ahora no tengo dinero.114

LOS ADJETIVOS.• Los adjetivos tiene la misión de modificar al sustantivo y normalmente lepreceden.A red car.Un coche rojo.A beautiful woman.Una mujer guapa.• Al ser en inglés parte invariable, sólo tiene una forma para masculino,femenino, singular y plural.I have a red car.Yo tengo un coche rojo.She has a red dress.Ella tiene un vestido rojo.My daughter wears red shoes.Mi hija lleva zapatos rojos.They have red skirts.Ellas tienen faldas rojas.USOSDetrás de los verbos copulativos: be,look, sound, taste, appear, seem,get , feel, stay, fall, etc.She is nice.Ella es agradable.You look beautiful.Tú tienes buen aspecto.He feels strong.Él se siente fuerte.Algunos adjetivos siempre llevanpreposición.Los participios de presente y pasadopueden hacer las veces de adjetivos.I am interested in politics.A mí me interesa la política.He is tired.El está cansado.He is tyring.115

Los adjetivos que se colocan delantede los sustantivos se llamanatributivos.El cansa. (es un pesado)A beautiful song.Una canción bonita.Principal, sheer, chief y main. sonatributivos.Afraid, awake, asleep, ashamed,upset , alive, alone, asleep sonpredicativos y van detrás.El significado de late y early dependede su posición.The main road is closed today.La carretera principal está cerradahoy.She is still alive.Ella está todavía viva.We caught an early plane to London.Cogimos un vuelo temprano paraLondres.They were early at the party.Ellos llegaron temprano a la fiesta.• Algunos nombres pueden funcionar como adjetivos.A gold chain.Una cadena de oro.A leather case.Una maleta de piel.• Muchos adjetivos son reconocibles por sus terminaciones.-Y -Al -Ial -Ous -Ary -IcHappy.Feliz.ProfessionalProfesional.Industrial.Industrial.Famous.Famoso.Voluntary.Voluntario.Economic.Económico-Ful -Ive -Ent -Ible -Able -Ed -LessCareful.Cuidadoso.CompetitiveUrgent. Legible. Profitable.Beneficioso.Limited.Useless.116

Competitivo. Urgente. Legible.Limitado. Inútil.• Los siguientes prefijos indican lo contrario del adjetivo que acompañan.Un- In- Dis- Il- Im- Ir-Unhappy.Triste.IncompetentIncompetente.Dishonest.DeshonestoIllegible.Ilegible.Impatient.ImpacienteIrregular.Irregular.• Otros prefijos también nos indican que estamos delante de un adjetivo.Auto- Bi- Extra- Hyper. Inter-Automatic.AutomáticoBisexual.Bisexual.ExtraordinaryExtraordinario.HypersensitiveHipersensibleInterchangeable.Intercambiable.Mono- Multi- Pre- Super- Ultra-MonochromeMonocromoMultilingual.Multilingüe.Predominant.PredominanteSuperstitious.Supersticioso.Ultrasonic.Ultrasónico.• Los adjetivos pueden estar formados por dos palabras unidas por un guión.Top-quality.De calidad suprema.Tax-free.Libre de impuestos.• Cuando aparecen varios adjetivos en una frase el orden debe ser elsiguiente:Opinión. Dimensiones. Color. Origen. Material.Cheap.Barato.New.Nuevo.Blue.Azul.French.Francés.Plastic.Plástico.117

Cualidad. Tamaño. Forma. Edad. Color.Famous.Famoso.Big.Grande.Round.Redondo.Old.Viejo.Blue.Azul.118

LA COMPARACIÓN CON ADJETIVOS• Puede ser de igualdad, inferioridad y superioridad.IGUALDADAs... As.Tan como.En los puntos va el adjetivo.So.....as.No tan como.I am as tall as you are.Yo soy tan alto como tú.He is not so intelligent as his brotherMike.Él no es tan listo como su hermanoMiguel.• Los monosiíabos y bisílabos añaden “-er” en el comparativo.• Los monosílabos acabados en una consonante precedida de una únicavocal, duplican la consonante. Como en fat . Fatter.• Si acaban en “-y” se sustituye por “i”.GRADO POSITIVO COMPARATIVO SUPERLATIVOTall.Alto.Taller.Más alto.He is taller than you.Él es más alto que tú.The tallest.El más altoBig.Grande.Bigger .Más grande.My car is bigger thanyours.Mi coche es más grandeque el tuyo.The biggest.El más grande.Happy.Feliz.Happier.Más feliz.The happiestEl más feliz.119

He is happier now.Él es más feliz ahora.• Algunos adjetivos de dos sílabas y todos los que tiene más de dos usanmore ...than y the most.GRADO POSITIVO COMPARATIVO SUPERLATIVOComfortable.Cómodo.Interesting.Interesante.More comfortable.Más cómodo.More interesting.Más interesante.The most comfortable.El más cómodo.The most interesting.El más interesante.COMPARATIVO“-Er”.More….than.Comparativo + and + comparativo.The + comparativo, the +comparativo.I am taller now.Ahora soy más alto.It is more interesting than the film.Es más interesante que la película.I am getting fatter and fatter.Cada vez me estoy poniendo másgordo.The richer, the sillier.Cuanto más rico, más tonto.The .....est con adjetivos de una o dossilabas.Se utiliza in para lugares y periodos detiempo.SUPERLATIVOThe richest people in Elda.Los más ricos de Elda.The + most + adjetivo con los de dos o The most beautiful girl in town.120

más silabas.La chica más guapa del pueblo.COMPARATIVO DE INFERIORIDADLess + adj + than.The least + adjetivo indicaninferioridad.She is less intelligent than Rose.Ella es menos inteligente que Rosa.The least important of all his novels.La menos importante de sus novelas.GRADO POSITIVO COMPARATIVO SUPERLATIVOBusy.Ocupado.Less busy.Menos ocupado.The least busy.El menos ocupado.LOS IRREGULARES• Algunos hacen la comparación de forma irregular y no siguen reglasconcretas.Good.Bueno.Better.Mejor.The best.El mejorBad.Malo.Little.Poco.Much / Many.Mucho.Worse.Peor.Less.Menos.More.Más.The worst.El peor.The least.El menos.The most.El más.Far. Farther. The farthest.121

Lejos. Más lejos. Lo más lejano.Old.Viejo.Elder.Más viejo.The eldest.El más viejo.• Elder y eldest se utilizan cuando hacemos referencia a miembros de unamisma familia.My sister Berta is elder than me.Mi hermana Berta es mayor que yo.122

1) This is ......than this?a - Longb – Longerc - Longest2) How.............are you?a - Tallb - Tallingc - Tallest3) Isabel is ...........................than last year.a - The thinnestb - Thinerc - Thinner4) Everybody says that Jorge is ..............................than his brother.a - More cleverb - The more cleverc - The most clever5) Alicante is .......................................................than Elda.a - Hottingb - Hottestc - Hotter6) I am .............................teacher here.a - The oldestb - Olderc - Olderest7) This park is ...............................................than the one in Almagro.a - Nicerb - Niceerc - Nicest8) This sweater is ...........................................than the one we saw yesterday.a - Old-fashionestb - Old-fashionedestc - More old-fashion9) A Mercedes is .....................................than a Seat Marbella.a - Most expensiveb - More expensivec - Expensiver10) He's ......................................................than he was a year ago.a - Healthierb - Healthiestc - Healthiere11) Do you think English is ..............................than French?123

a - More difficultb - The most difficultc - Difficulter12) He eats a lot - he's getting ......................a - Fattingb - Fatterc - Fattest13) I think that Pilar is ..................................than Manoli.a - More matureb - The most maturec - More maturest14) He was the..................person I have ever met.a - The most dishonestb - More dishonetc - Most dishonest15) My mother was getting ................a - Redder and redderb - The more redestc - Most red16) A bed is ..........................a sofa.a - More comfortable thanb - The more comfortablec - The comfortablest17) I think that Harry Potter's books are .....................................than the films.a - More interestingb - The most interestingc - Interestinger18) Have you got a ........................size?a - Biggestb - Biggerc - Biger19) My exam was ..........................................than I had thought.a - Badderb - Baddingc - Worse20) Now I have ...............................time than when I was single.a - Lessb - Lesserc - Mucher21) My neighbour María is ................................now that she has a new kitchen.a - Hapiest124

- Happierc - Happyer22) This exercise is .......................................than the previous one.a - Easierb - Easyerc - Easiest23) Mari Carmen is ........................................than her sister.a - Politestb - More politec - The more polite24) It is .....................................to walk after having dinner.a - Betterb - The goodc - The gooder25) When I was young Agustina was the .......................................swimmer in Elda.a - Fastestb - Fatesrc - The ffasterest26) Sarah is ..........................................in the class.a - Tallestb - The tallestc - The taller27) Paco was the................................of my friends.a - Craziestb - Crazierc - Crasiest28) This is ........................................book I have ever read.a - The goodestb - The besterc - The best29) Barcelona is .....................................than Madrid.a - Farerb - Farestc - Further30) You should eat ....................................chocolate.a - Littlerb - Lessc - Littlest31) Home.......home.a - Good125

- Sweetc - Nice32) I was ..........cross with him.a - Sob - Asc - The33) Do you have to have the music ..........loud?a - Asb - Soc - Some34) He's the ...........person I know.a - Meanestb - Meanc - Meaner35) You'll need it when it gets ..........a - Coldestb - Colderc - Colding36) I'd ............say goodbye to you now.a - Goodb - Betterc - Best37) I don't mind, .......................the hours are reasonable and the pay is good.a - Long sob - As long asc - As long So38) That sounds .........................!a - Exciteingb - Excitingc - Excite39) He is as busy ............a bee.a - Sob - Thec - As40) That is the ............compliment you can pay to a girl like her.a - Greatb - Greaterc - Greatest41) So they have the ............of both worlds.a - Bestb - Betteer126

c - Goodest42) The ..........he starts Spanish lessons the better.a - Soonb - Soonestc - Sooner43) They are ............than pears.a - Bigb - Biggestc - Bigger44) I was .................sorry that I felt ashamed.a - Sob - Asc - So as45) Everything is ........wonderful in Spain!!a - Sob - Asc - As so46) The place I enjoyed .............was the museum of Moder Art.a - Mostb - Morec - Little47) This quick test is.................than the one we did yesterday.a - Easiestb - Easierc - More easy48) My mother's dress is.......................than my aunt's.a - Longerb - The longestc - More long49) Loli was ill, but now she ...........................a - Looks bestb - Looks betterc - Is best50) You have to be much .....................when you use this.a - More carefulb - Carefulerc - Carefulest51) The Vinalopó is ....................river in Elda.a - The longestb - Longer thanc - Longest than127

52) Many people say Barcelona football team is .............than Real Madrid.a - Betterb - Bestc - Good53) This pullover is too big. I need a ...........one.a - Smallestb - More smallc - Smaller54) All these children are nice, but ours are ................a - Niecerestb - Nicerc - Nicest55) I think he is the ......................in the class.a - Goodb - Betterc – Best56) I think that "The Pillars of the Earth " is .........book I have read in my life.a - The bestb - Best thanc - The better57) This film is ........I have ever seen in my life.a - Baddestb - The worstc - The most bad58) What a pity he is in Almeria. I wish he lived ...............a - Most nearb - Nearerc - Nearest59) She is very pretty but my girlfriend is ........a - Prettierb - Prettiestc - The pretty60) I am .............tall as Paco Cabrera.a - Asb - Soc - So as61) I am .............than last year.a - More and more fatb - More fatc - Fatter128

62) You'd ..........buy a better car.a - Bestb - Betterc - Good63) My .......sister is married.a - Olderb - Elderc - Oldesr64) Novelda is.......than Monóvar.a - Farb - Furtherc - Furthest65) Pepe is .......rich as Manolo.a - Sob - Asc - Than66) I am not......tall as a basketball player.a - Asb - Soc - Than67) The.........of a party is having to tidy the house.a - Badb - Worsec - Worst68) She is.................now than when she was 28.a - Prettyerb - Prettierc - Prittier69) There are...............books in Martin Fierro for us.a – Most expensiveb - Expensivec - Expensiver70) You must buy these……….. pills.a - Goodb - Gooderc – The good71) She loves ...........a - Tallb – The tallestc - Tallerst72) They drank..........................bottle of whisky.129

a - The most expensiveb - Expensiverc – The expensiver73) They said he was a ...................teacher.a - Boredb - Boringc - Borerst74) I was .....................because the film was boring.a - Boringb - Borestc - Bored75) In a couple we will be .........a - Richerb – The richc - Riching76) They serve ..................coffee in town.a - Badderb - Gooderc – The worst77) There are always ……….................. trees in the park.a - Greenerb - Greenestc – Gren78) All the Chinese have .................smiles.a – Lovelierb - Lovelyc - Lovlyest79) Peter felt ..................of what he had done.a - Ashamedb - Ashamerc - Ashamest80) The porter is a..................man.a - Happierb - Happiestc - Happy81) Felipe was the....................President.a - Formb - Formerstc - Former82) His .....................brother works in Perú.130

a - Elderb - Oldc - Older83) The ..................part of the book is not good.a - Majorb - Mayc - Most of84) He is a lonely man, he feels............a - Aonerb - Alonec - Alonest85) Parents are happy when their children are..............a - Aleppestb - Aslepperc - Asleep86) Sometimes she drives me.............a - Madderb - Madc - Madest87) I found a ................bottle on the beach.a - Brokerb - Brokenestc - Broken131

Soluciones1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. A11. A 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. A 16. A 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. A21. B 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. B31. B 32. A 33. B 34. A 35. B 36. B 37. B 38. B 39. C 40. C41. A 42. C 43. C 44. A 45. A 46. A 47. B 48. A 49. B 50. A51. A 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. C 56. A 57. B 58. B 59. A 60. A61. C 62. B 63. B 64. B 65. B 66. B 67. C 68. B 69. B 70. A71. B 72. A 73. B 74. C 75. A 76. C 77. A 78. B 79. A 80. C81. C 82. A 83. A 84. B 85. C 86. B 87. C132

LAS PREPOSICIONES• Aunque la gramática inglesa es bastante simple, tiene partes quepresentan cierta dificultad como las preposiciones. Por ejemplo, para decir“en”, se pueden emplear “in” , “on” y “at ”. Por lo tanto se les debe prestarmucha atención.ATPuntos concretos.We stopped at the zoo.Paramos en el zoo.He was at the station.Él estaba en la estación.I was at home and my wife was at a meeting.Yo estaba en casa y mi mujer estaba en unareunión.Cafés y restaurantesSitios donde se estudiao trabaja.Nombres deactividades de grupoWe'll eat at MacDonald's, in San Juan Beach.Comeremos en el MacDonald’s de la Playa de SanJuan.I was at school and then at university later on I workedat IBM.Fui al colegio, luego a la universidad y despuéstrabajé en IBM.He was at a meeting, then at the theatre and later ata concert and at a lecture, afterwards at a matchand finally at the cinema.Él estaba en una reunión, luego fue al teatro,después a un concierto y a una conferencia,después a un partido y, finalmente, al cine.Con el número de lacalleHorasNavidad y PascuaI lived at 35 Príncipe de Asturias.Yo vivía en la calle Príncipe de Asturias 35.I wake up at six.Me levanto a las seis.At Christmas I buy many presents and at Easter I go to133

the beach.En Navidad compro muchos regalos y en Pascua voya la playa.ExpresionesAt present I’m reading a novel.Ahora estoy leyendo una novela.He died at the age of 81.Él falleció a la edad de 81 años.At night.Por la noche.At sunrise.Al amanecerAt noon.Al mediodiaAt sunset.Al atardecerAt first sight.A primera vista.At midnight.Al mediodiaAt this moment.En este momento.At last.Al fín.At the bus-stop.En la parada delautobús.At the office.En la oficina.At the top.En la parte dearriba.At work.En el trabajo.At the station.En la estación.At least.Al menos.At the bottom.En la parte deabajo.Otros.It was love at first sight.Fue amor a primera vista.She is always at home.Ella siempre está en casa.At least it is a very good book.Al menos es un buen libro.At present they are working a lot.En este momento están trabajando mucho.They were at war.134

Ellos estuvieron en guerra.The boss is at workEl jefe está trabajando.• ONAlgo que está tocandoo cercano a una línea,o algo parecido a unalínea.We have a house on the river.Tenemos una casa al lado del río.Benidorm is on the coast.Benidorm está en la costa.Elche is on the road to Murcia.Elche está en la carretera de Murcia.Cuando algo estátocando unasuperficie.The keys are on the table.Las llaves están en la mesa.They fish on the lake.Ellos pescan en el lago.The new picture is on the wall.El nuevo cuadro está en la pared.Con transportespúblicos, caballos,motos y bicicletas.Con pisos.Días.I saw her on the plane/on the train/on the bus.Yo la vi en el avión, tren, autobús.I live on the second floor.Yo vivo en el segundo piso.I study French on Monday.Yo estudio francés los lunes.On St. Valentine’s many people buy diamonds.El día de San Valentín mucha gente compradiamantes.Expresiones.The train arrived on time.135

El tren llegó en punto.He is on a business trip.Está de viaje de negocios.The soldier is on duty.El soldado está de servicio.He came on foot.Vino a pie.The house is still on sale.La casa está todavía en venta.On the other hand, I don’t like it.Por otra parte no me gusta.On the whole, It was a very good play.En resumidas cuentas, fue una buena obra.Páginas.On page 26 you will find the exercises.En la página 26 encontraréis los ejercicios.• INCuando algo estádentro de algo.My friends are in the cuartelillo.Mis amigos están en el cuartelillo.The bottles are in the fridge.Las botellas están en la nevera.Con países.Con regiones.Con grandes islas.Partes del cuerpo.I live in Spain.Yo vivo en España.They are in the Sahara.Ellos están en el desierto del Sahara.We spent the summer in the Canary islands.Ellos pasaron el verano en las Islas Canarias.I have a pain in my stomach.Me duele la barriga.Con coche, taxi y I saw him in a new Mercedes.136

avioneta.Con algunos lugares.Yo le vi en un nuevo Mercedes.In bed.En camaIn hospital.En el hospital.In court.En el juzgado.In church.En la iglesia.In prison.En la cárcel.Nombres de calles.Partes del díaMeses.I lived in Onesimo Redondo street.Yo viví en la calle Onésimo Redondo.I read the paper in the morning.Yo por las mañanas leo el periódico.I got married in October.Yo me casé en el mes de Octubre.Años. I met my wife in 1982.Conocí a mi mujer en el año 1982.Estaciones.Siglos.Períodos de tiempo.Expresiones.I go to San Juan beach in summer.Voy a la playa de San Juan en verano.In he l9th century people did not wear jeans.En el siglo XIX la gente no llevaba pantalonesvaqueros.Spain was very rich in the Middle Ages.España era muy rica en la Edad Media.He is always in a hurry.Siempre tiene prisa.In any case, you can come.De cualquier manera puedes venir.137

He was in danger.Estuvo en peligro.They are in loveEstán enamorados.Everything is in order.Todo está en orden.In other words, I love you.En otras palabras, te quiero.I will tell you in private.Te lo diré en privado.She was in tearsEstaba llorando.138

PREPOSICIONES MAS USADAS.Aboard.A bordo.About.Sobre.Above.Por encima de.Across.A través de.After.Después.Against.Contra.Along.A lo largo de.Among.Entre.Around.Alrededor de.At.En.Before.Antes de.Behind.Detrás de.Below.Por debajo de.I was aboard a yatch.Estuve a bordo de un yate.I was talking about music.Estuve hablando de música.Above all I love my family.Quiero a mi familia por encima de todo.I walked across the park.Caminé a través del parque.After the meeting I went to the doctor.Después de la reunión fui al médico.It was against the public opinion.Todo fue en contra de la opinión pública.I found many good people along the way.Me encontré mucha buena gente a lo largo delcamino.I found a letter among the books.Entre los libros encontré una carta.I travelled around the world.Viajé alrededor del mundo.I was at the zoo.Estuve en el zoo.Before eating I read the press.Antes de comer leo el periódico.There was a mouse behind the door.Había un ratón detrás de la puerta.The temperatures were below zero.Las temperaturas estaban por debajo de cero.139

Beside.Al lado de.Between.Entre (2).Beyond.Mas allá de.By.Por.I was beside the Mayor at the table.Estuve al lado del alcalde en la mesa.Between you and me there is magic.Entre tú y yo hay magia.I live beyond the road.Vivo más allá de la carretera.“Hamlet” was written by Shakespeare.Shakespeare escribió Hamlet .I always travel by plane.Siempre viajo en avión.He comes everyday by busÉl viene todos los días en autobús.He did it by chance.Lo hizo por casualidad.By far he is the best.Él es el mejor con mucho.You must learn this by heartDebes aprenderte esto de memoria.He did it by mistake.Lo hizo por error.He got me by surprise.Me cogió por sorpresa.Down.Abajo.During.Durante.Except.Excepto.For.Go down the street.Ve calle abajo.During the summer I have a great time.Durante el verano me lo paso muy bien.Except for the price, I like it very much.Excepto por el precio me gusta mucho.I have lived in this flat for 20 years.140

Durante, desde, hace.From.Desde.In front of.Delante de.He vivido en este piso durante veinte años.From June to September I go swimming to the saltlake.Desde Junio a Septiembre voy a nadar al lago desal.She was sittting in front of me.Estaba sentada delante de mí.In.En.I was in Greece in 1992.Estuve en Grecia en el año 1992.Into.En,Dentro de.Near.Cerca.I went into a taxi.Subí a un taxi.There was a disco near my house.Había una discoteca cerca de mi casa.Next to.Al lado de.I live next to the theatre.Vivo al lado del teatro.Of.De.The son of Peter and Mary is tall.El hijo de Pedro y María es alto.Off.En frente y separado.Tabarca is off the coast of Santa Pola.Tabarca está en frente de la costa de Santa Pola.On.En. (Sobre).My keys are on the table.Mis llaves están en la mesa.Onto.En. (indica movimiento)I jumped onto the car.Salté sobre el coche.Opposite.Enfrente de.I live opposite the cinemaVivo enfrente del cine.Out of.Fuera de.Please go out of the class.Por favor sal fuera de clase.He was out of control.Estaba fuera de sí.141

At the moment he is out of work.Ahora no tiene trabajoOver.Sobre.Past.Por al lado de.Round.Alrededor.Since.Desde.Through.A través de.Till.Hasta.To.A.Towards.Hacia.Under.Debajo de.Until.Hasta.Up.ArribaUpon.SobreOnce upon.HaceOut of sight out of mind.Ojos que no ven, corazón que no siente.There is a bridge over the Vinalopó river.Hay un puente sobre el río Vinalopó.I walk past your house in the morning.Paso por al lado de tu casa por la mañana.We went round the park.Fuimos alrededor del parque.She hasn’ t written to me since last January.No me ha escrito desde el pasado mes de Enero.He came in through the gate.Entró a través de la puerta.Til now I’ve lived in Monovar.Hasta ahora yo he vivido en Monóvar.I go to Sax every Saturday.Voy a Sax cada Sábado.The WC is towards the end.El aseo está hacia el final.The children are under the table.Los niños están debajo de la mesa.Until I was ten, I lived in Petrel.Hasta que tuve diez años viví en Petrel.They are up the stairs.Ellos están arriba de las escaleras.It was upon a cushion.Estaba sobre un cojín.One upon a time a little rabbit called Perico….Érase una vez un pequeño conejo llamado Perico..142

With.ConWithin.Dentro de.Without.Sin.I was with him in the military service.Estuve con él en “la mili”.It is within two kilometres.Está antes de dos kilómetros.I can’t live without you.Yo no puedo vivir sin ti.143

• Existen en inglés una gran cantidad de adjetivos que siempre vanacompañados por una preposición.To. With. About. At. Of. For.Married to.Casadocon.Angry with.Enfadadocon.Worriedabout.Preocupadopor.Good at.Bueno en.Proud of.Orgulloso de.Ready for.Listo para.Polite to.Educadocon.Satisfiedwith.Satisfechocon.Sorry about.Triste por.Bad at.Malo en.Ashamed of.Avergonzadode.Suitable for.Adecuadopara.Happy with.Feliz con.Surprised at.Sorprendidopor.Afraid of.Temeroso de.144

1) I will meet her.................the station.a - Atb - Inc - On2) Please hang it................the wall.a - Onb - Atc - In3) This happened ...................Saturday.a - Onb - Inc - At4) ...................the past things were different.a - Onb - Atc - In5) My grandmother was always.................home.a - Atb - Inc - On6) You must change ................Albacete.a - Inb - Onc - At7) I prefer to stay ........the right hand side.a - Inb - Onc - At8) Please look...............the mirror.a - Atb - Inc - On9) We live ...................the second floor.a - Inb - Onc - At10) Monforte is .................the road to Alicante.a - Onb - Inc - At11) He always pays.................cash.145

a - Onb - Inc - At12) Arenales del Sol is .................the coast.a - Onb - Inc - At13) He is very good .............music.a - Inb - Onc - At14) I will see you........Monday.a - Inb - Onc - At15) I saw you............television.a - Inb - Onc - At16) I heard it........Radio Elda.a - Inb - Onc - At17) He is always ......a bad mood.a - Inb - Onc - At18) ......the moment things are very different.a - Inb - Atc - On19) .......Christmas we eat a lot of nougats.a - Inb - Atc - On20) ........Christmas day we eat relleno.a - Inb - Onc - At21) He was ........the Navy.146

a - Inb - Onc - At22) They were......both sides of the road.a - Inb - Onc - At23) She drives ........full speed.a - Atb - Inc - On24) The house is ........good condition.a - Inb - Atc - On25) It was always........my mind.a - Inb - Onc - At26) My grandmother died........the age of 80.a - Atb - Inc - On27) ........present they are very busy.a – Inb - Onc - At28) Most people ............Elda prefer to go to the beach.a - Inb - Onc - At29) Please don't speak................the same time.a - Atb - Inc - On30) I don't work............Sunday.a - Inb - Onc - At31) I wake up.........8.00.a - At147

- Inc - On32) Aida was born.......1934.a - Inb - Onc - At33) I run..............night.a - Inb - Onc - At34) My daughters play with me .........home.a - Inb - Onc - At35) I look at the stars..................night.a - Atb - Inc - On36) My birthday is .......November.a - Onb - Inc - At37) The book is.......the table.a - Onb - Inc - At38) The coke is.........the kitchen.a - Inb - Onc - At39) I am writing .........the blackboard.a - Inb - Onc - At40) The chocalates are ............the box.a - Onb - Atc - In41) I am.................Spain.a - For148

- Fromc - Foreign42) They are .............the theatre now.a - Atb - Onc - In43) The train arrives......................Victoria station.a - Atb - Inc - On44) Please tell me..........................once.a - Inb - Atc - On45) I waited for half an hour, and .......................last he came.a - Onb - Inc - At46) He is sitting...........................an armchair.a - Inb - Onc - At47) The picture is .......................the wall.a - Atb - Inc - On48) I put my hands ..................my pockets.a - Onb - Atc - In49) The shop is ........................Juan Carlos I street.a - Inb - Atc - On50) We go to church ......................Sundays.a - Atb - Inc - On51) It is .............................the foot of the page.a - Atb - On149

c - In52) .....................my opinion, it is a very good book.a - Inb - Atc - On53) He is...........................the garden.a - Onb - Inc - At54) I am living .................a hotel near here.a - Inb - Onc - At55) The milk's .......................................the fridge.a - Inb - Atc – On56) They sat ...........................the wall.a - Onb - Atc - In57) They made the film ....................Petrel.a - Inb - Atc - On58) I saw them ......................................the station.a - Inb - Atc - On59) Mary's not here - she's....................the office.a - Onb - Inc - At60) They were sitting ............................the floor.a - Inb - Onc - At61) The ham is...................................the shelf in the kitchen.a - Onb - In150

c - At62) The money's.....................................my pocket.a - Atb - Onc - In63) They are all......................................the garden.a - Atb - Inc - On64) The papers are................................my desk.a - Inb - Atc - On65) They are all.....................................the car.a - Onb - Atc - In66) He's not..........................................work today.a - Onb - Inc - At67) I'll see you ........................................Monday.a - Inb - Atc - On68) I met him .........................................the holidays.a - Atb - Inc - On69) I'll pick you up..........................eight o'clock.a - Atb - Inc - On70) I'm going home.................................four.a - Onb - Inc - At71) They came to visit us ....................my birthday.a - In151

- Atc - On72) I can work ................the morning.a - Atb - Inc - On73) Did you have a good time ......................Christmas?a - Inb - Atc - On74) School finishes ..................................three o'clock.a - Onb - Inc - At75) We arranged to meet ..........................Seven.a - Atb - Inc - On76) I'll meet you............................the station.a - Atb - Inc - On77) He's still..........................................school.a - Atb - Inc - On78) That picture....................the wall was painted by Vladi Monzó.a - Inb - Atc - On79) He's................................................the building somewhere.a - Onb - Atc - In80) You could phone me.....................work.a - Onb - Inc - At81) Why don't you stay........................home?a - Atb - In152

c - On82) He'll be...........................................prison for robbery.a - Inb - Atc - On83) I'm studying law..............................University.a - Inb - Onc - At84) Is he...............................................hospital?a - Inb - Onc - At85) I'll see you......................................the meeting tomorrow.a - Atb - Inc - On86) We're meeting...............................7.00 on Tuesday.a - Atb - Onc - In87) We usually go .................................holiday to Tabarca.a - Atb - Onc - In88) What are you doing.........................Christmas?a - Onb - Inc - At89) I don't sleep much.............................night.a - Inb - Onc - At90) What about going to see 'Hamlet "....................the 15th.a - Atb - Inc - On91) I’ll wait for you............the airport.a - Atb - Inc - On153

92) My wife is........the kitchen.a - Inb - Onc - At93) I was .......the station.a - Inb - Onc - At94) The water is..........the fridge.a - Onb - Inc - At95) They are........the floor.a - Inb - Onc - At96) The book is ..........the table.a - Inb - Onc - At97) My mother is.........home.a - Onb - Inc - At98) My house is..............the road to Sax.a - Inb - Onc - At99) I work..................Villena.a - Inb - Onc – At100) The TV is…a - Inb - Onc - At101) Come ........., let's go and watch TV.a - Onb - Inc - At154

102) Teresa's ...........the phone.a - Inb - Onc - At103) Please hurry .............a - Downb - Inc - Up104) ...............last.a - Atb - Inc - On105) Hold ......................a moment.a - Inb - Atc - On106) It's always better to try new clothes ..........a - Onb - Inc - At107) .........cash.a - Inb - Onc - At108) ..............credit card.a - Byb - Withc - In109) I have to be..............home. I must study.a - Atb - Inc - On110) Would you like to come ............a concert with me?a - Tob - Fromc - At111) Come ..............about ten o'clock.a - Atb - Inc - On155

112) I was sitting .........the garden reading the news about Elda.a - Atb - Inc - On113) I'll ring ..............a pizza.a - Forb - Fromc - To114) There was a very beautiful woman ...................the crossroads near CastelarSquare.a - Inb - Onc - At115) What .......a T-shirt?a - Aroundb - Aboutc - Again116) Yes I went ........a tour in Mexico.a - Onb - Inc - At117) The car is .............sale now.a - Inb - Onc - At118) I'm really looking ...............to the concert!a - Forb - Forwardc - Up119) They are .................High School.a - Atb - Inc - On120) That depends .....your grades.a - Onb - Inc - At121) I intend to get a job ........weekends.a - Inb - Onc - At122) It looks great ......!156

a - Onb - Inc - At123) This is celebrated ......the fourth Thursday of November.a - Onb - Inc - At124) We can have a picnic ..................the beach.a - Inb - Onc - At125) He's 10 and he's mad ................Harry Potter.a - Inb - Atc - On126) He is the expert ......................computers.a - Inb - Onc - At127) How ..............going out for a drink.a - Aroundb - Asidec - About128) I'll bring you a present ........the journey.a - Inb - Upc - On129) I'm really looking ..........to visiting Berna.a - Forwardb - Forc - Fast130) We look ............him as one of the family.a - Onb - Inc - At131) Can I pay ........credit card?a - Withb - Byc - As132) I must go ...........a diet.a - On157

- Atc - In133) If you don't know the meaning of the word look it ........in the dictionary.a - Upb - Forc - Forward134) Perhaps I should give ............smoking.a - Upb - Atc - On135) Many are open ........the public.a - Upb - Toc - In136) It's great while you are .....................holiday.a - Onb - Inc - At137) Where did you park the car? It's .............Pedrito Rico Road.a - Inb - Onc - At138) Tommy, don't sit on the floor, sit..................the chair.a - Onb - Inc - At139) Where is the supermarket? It's ...............Dahellos Road.a - Inb - Intoc - On140) Inma, please sit.....................the chair.a - Onb - Byc - At141) They arrived ................Elda yesterday.a - Inb - Onc - At142) I was listening to the news .........................TV when the baby began toscream.a - On158

- Inc - At143) We waited a couple of hours......the airport.a - Atb - Inc - On144) We play tennis.......the club every Monday.a - Inb - Onc - At145) We were.......theatre last night.a - Inb - Onc - At146) I studied ........don Emilio's school from 1968 to 1975.a - Inb - Onc - At147) I met her ..........a lecture.a - Onb - Inc - At148) She studied........Oxford.a - Onb - Atc - Of149) She lives.....Oxford.a - Inb - Onc - At150) We live......the frontier.a - Onb - Inc - At151) Elda is ......the road to Albacete.a - Inb - Onc - At152) All the pictures are......the wall.a - Onb - In159

c - At153) I live ......the second floor.a - Inb - Atc - On154) I was born......Elda.a - Onb - Inc - At155) We have a house......the coast.a - Inb - Onc - At156) I met her..........the croosroads.a - Atb - Inc - On157) I lived ......a desert island like Robinson Crusoe for a month.a - Onb - Inc - At158) I always travel ..........the plane.a - Onb - Atc - In159) I met her......the bus.a - Onb - Inc - At160) I found a wallet.......taxi.a - Inb - Onc - At161) I studied Shakespeare.........college.a - Atb - Inc - On162) We arrived .......France in 1990.a - Atb - In160

c - On163) We arrived ........Paris in 1991.a - Atb - Onc - In164) I live........1 Plaza Mayor.a - Inb - Onc - At165) .......the weekend we go to Rabosa.a - Atb - Inc - On166) ......lunch time we drink coke.a - Inb - Onc - At167) ......the age of 11 I went to Alicante.a - Inb - Onc - At168) ......the beginning of the book I didn't like very much.a - Inb - Onc - At169) ........first sight I fell in love with her.a - Atb - Inc - On170) We became friends.......last.a - Inb - Onc - At171) We go shopping..................Mondays.a - Onb - Inc - At172) ........Christmas day my family come home.a - Inb - Onc - At161

173) ........the morning I never drink coffee.a - Atb - Inc - On174) .......1998 I got married.a - Inb - Onc - At175) I like going to the mountains......spring.a - Inb - Onc - At176) .......the Middle Ages many cathedrals were built.a - Onb - Inc - At177) I'll be back.......five hours.a - Inb - Onc - At178) Trains in Spain now arrive........time.a - Inb - Onc - At179) You must be ......time for the plane.a - Inb - Onc - At180) In the USA everybody works.......nine to five.a - Forb - Fromc - Since181) Holidays in Spain are.......July to September.a - Forb - Fromc - At182) All the trains come......Alicante.a - Fromb - Forc - Up183) We are going .................the cinema tonight.162

a - Atb - Toc - In184) They went .......the car.a - Inb - Intoc - On185) We all ran ....................the church because it was raining cats and dogs.a - Inb - Intoc - At186) When we go to Madrid we always go......train.a - Byb - Onc - In187) The safest way to travel is.......road.a - Onb - Inc - By188) We got.......the bus at 8.00.a - Inb - Onc - By189) I go to work........foot.a - Inb - Onc - By190) Most students at the University work ......part time jobs such as Tele Pizzaand so on.a - Asb - Onc - In191) A car came.......the right.a - Forb - Fromc - By192) A lorry crashed.......my car.a - Intob - Upc - To193) .......Christmas Eve we have dinner together.163

a - Inb - Atc - On194) Everybody in Elda is looking.......to the Moors and Christians festivities.a - Forb - Forwardsc - Forward195) My factory passed ........the hands of my uncle.a - Inb - Intoc - To196) The shop opened......the public in 1989.a - Atb - Forc - To197) She is always worried........money.a - Aroundb - Asidec - About198) You must always look........a - Aheadb - Headc - Heading199) ......Lent people many people don't eat meat.a - Atb - Onc - In200) She won't be back......the end of May.a - Asb - Untilc - At201) In the middle ....................August we organise many BBQs.a - Fromb - Ofc - On202) People .......the beach should drink water all the time.a - Inb - Onc - At203) I couldn't play tennis because I had to look...........my daughter.a - For164

- Afterc - Up204) I went for a walk........Castelar Square.a - Aboutb - Afloatc - Around205) Antonio Poveda gave a lecture.................Roman culture.a - Forb - Ofc - On206) The girl........the window is María.a - Byb - Inc - On207) You should send the letters ......advance.a - Onb - Atc - In208) My father-in-law arrived...........Alicante airport from Italy yesterday. Hewent to Lineapelle.a - Inb - Atc - On209) The tickets for the opera must be booked well........advance.a - Inb - Onc - At210) Sarah has a room ........her own and so does Inmita.a - Ofb - Fromc - For211) You must be very good if you want to get........one these college.a - Inb - Intoc - To212) It will depend....................the amount of money.a - Inb - Onc - At213) We always play badminton......weekends.a - On165

- Inc - At214) Why don't we prepare a BBQ........San Juan beach.a - Onb - Inc - At215) My friend is mad......books.a - Inb - Onc - At216) He told her to shut......her mouth.a - Upb - Atc - By217) My house is ..................the cinemas.a - Nearb - Near ofc - Near off218) The park is......................the hospital.a - Nextb - Next toc - Next about219) Sol y Nive is.....................the bookshop.a - Oppositeb - Opposite ofc - Off opposite220) Jesús Ángel is.......Palenciaa - Fromb - Onc - AtSoluciones1. A 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. A11. B 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. B 16. B 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. B21. A 22. B 23. A 24. A 25. A 26. A 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. B31. B 32. A 33. C 34. C 35. A 36. B 37. A 38. A 39. B 40. C41. B 42. C 43. A 44. B 45. C 46. A 47. C 48. C 49. A 50. C51. B 52. B 53. B 54. A 55. A 56. A 57. A 58. C 59. C 60. B61. B 62. C 63. B 64. C 65. C 66. C 67. C 68. B 69. A 70. C71. C 72. B 73. B 74. C 75. A 76. A 77. B 78. C 79. C 80. C81. A 82. A 83. C 84. A 85. A 86. A 87. B 88. C 89. C 90. C91. A 92. A 93. C 94. B 95. B 96. B 97. C 98. B 99. A 100. B101. A 102. B 103. C 104. A 105. C 106. A 107. A 108. A 109. A 110. A166

111. A 112. B 113. A 114. C 115. B 116. A 117. A 118. B 119. A 120. A121. B 122. A 123. A 124. B 125. C 126. B 127. C 128. C 129. A 130. A131. B 132. A 133. A 134. A 135. B 136. A 137. C 138. A 139. A 140. A141. A 142. A 143. A 144. C 145. C 146. C 147. C 148. B 149. A 150. A151. B 152. A 153. C 154. B 155. B 156. A 157. A 158. A 159. A 160. A161. A 162. B 163. C 164. C 165. A 166. C 167. C 168. C 169. A 170. C171. A 172. B 173. B 174. A 175. A 176. B 177. A 178. B 179. A 180. B181. B 182. A 183. B 184. B 185. B 186. A 187. C 188. B 189. B 190. C191. B 192. A 193. C 194. C 195. B 196. C 197. C 198. A 199. A 200. B201. B 202. B 203. B 204. C 205. C 206. A 207. C 208. B 209. A 210. A211. B 212. B 213. A 214. A 215. B 216. A 217. A 218. B 219. A 220. A167

ADVERBIOS• Son modificadores de adjetivos, adverbios y oraciones. Con el verbo ser ylos verbos defectivos, se colocan detrás. Algunos se forman añadiendo “–ly” al adjetivo, otros como: fast , hard, late, early tienen la misma formaque los adjetivos.Modificando adverbios.Modificando adjetivos.Modificando frases.He writes quite quickly.Escribe bastante deprisa.It is very cheap.Es muy barato.Perhaps they will win.Quizás ganen.I am just going to sleep for half an hour.Voy a dormir media hora.He runs fast.Él corre rápido.• Los adverbios de lugar y tiempo se suelen colocar al principio o al final deuna frase.Yesterday I bought a CD.Ayer compré un CD.I will go tomorrow.Yo iré mañana.• Los de lugar suelen preceder a los de tiempoI met Pilar at Castelar yesterday.Me encontré a Pilar ayer en Castelar.• El comparativo y superlativo lo hacen igual que los adjetivos.Soon.Pronto.Sooner.Más pronto.The soonest.Lo más pronto.Quickly. More quickly. The most quickly.168

Rápidamente. Más rápido. Lo más rápidamente.• Con los tiempos compuestos se coloca delante del verbo principal.They have nearly finished our swimming pool.Ellos casi han acabado nuestra piscina.• Already, just , now y then, pueden ir entre dos formas verbales.I have already seen her.Ya la he visto.I have just come back from India.Acabo de regresar de India.• Los de frecuencia: always, never, usually, sometimes, se colocan entre elsujeto y el verbo, pero cuando es el verbo to be, se colocan detrás.I never drink coffee.Nunca bebo café.I always go to Alicante in the summer.Siempre voy a Alicante en verano.CLASIFICACIÓNFRECUENCIA LUGAR MODO GRADO TIEMPOOften.Confrecuencia.Away.Fuera.Fast.Rápido.Enough.Suficiente.Yesterday.Ayer.Frequently.Frecuentemente.There.Allí.Well.Bien.Very.Mucho.Daily.Diariamente.Sometimes.A veces.Near.Cerca.Slowly.Lentamente.Almost.Casi.Last week.La semana pasada.Always.Siempre.Here.Aquí.UndoubtedlySin duda.Hardly.A penas.Tomorrow.Mañana.Never.Nunca.Rather.Bastante.169

INTERROGATIVOSWhere.¿Dónde?Why.¿Por qué?When.¿Cuándo?Which.¿Cuál?How.¿Cómo?How far.¿A quédistancia?How long.¿Cuántotiempo?How often.¿Con quéfrecuencia?• Ojo con enough, pues puede tener dos posiciones:I have enough money.Tengo suficiente dinero.I am rich enough to buy a car.Soy lo suficientemente rico como para comprar un coche.• Recuerda RICH ENOUGH MONEY. Enough lleva delante a los adjetivos ydetrás a los nombres.• El orden de los adverbios suele ser modo, lugar y tiempo.I walk fast there in the morning.Yo ando allí rápido por la mañana.• Muchos adverbios tienen la misma forma que los adjetivos.A fast motorbikeUna moto rápida.A motorbike that runs fast.Una moto que corre rápida.170

1) That's .............a - Enoughb - Enougherc - Enoughing2) It's not ..........................long.a - Tob - Tooc - As3) It's .........fair.a - Nob - Nonec - Not4) In the USA there are ...........public and private universities.a - Bothb - Allc - Every5) ...............is the University?a - Whereb - Whenc - Whom6) ............all cars here are automatic.a - Nearlyb - Nearc - Close7) It says .......diving!a - Notb - Noc - Any8) ............would I.a - Sob - Asc - Some9) I suppose .......a - Asb - Soc - So as so10) My wife feels ..........nervous about driving in England.a - Toob - Toc - Tooth11) There is ...........a variety of things.171

a - Suchb - Soc - Very12) That girl is ............................pretty.a - Asb - So manyc - So13) I............smoke......drink alcohol.a - Either-norb - Neither-norc - Neither-nir14) They went he cinema…..a - Nowb – Yesterdayc - Tomorrow15) ¿Cuál es la correcta?a - The house is big enoughb - The house is enough bigc - The house enough big16) ¿Cómo se denominan a los siguientes adverbios: almost, only, nearly,enough, far, just, quite, rather, so, too, very, etc?a - De frecuenciab - De gradoc - De modo17) ......Horacio and Pepe go to Elche on Monday.a - Allb - Bothc - None18) This wine is........Rioja or Ribera del Duero.a - Eitherb - Neitherc - So19) We ..................speak Valenciano nor French.a - Eitherb - Neitherc - Nor20) I ....................smoke nor drink wine.a - Neitherb - Eitherc - So21) His French is very.....172

a - Wellb - Goodc - Better22) My daughters are .......sleeping.a - Quietlyb - Quietc - Quieter23) They prepare the gazpachos......a - Perfectb - Perfectlyc - Perfecting24) My friend Tomás is a .........driver.a - Carefullyb - Carec - Careful25) Tom Cruise and Nicole Kidman were.......married until they got a divorce.a - Happyb - Happilyc - Hapili26) He is always very......and sends me a Jabugo ham on November the 30th.a - Kindlyb - Kaindc - Kind27) She is very......in English.a - Fluentlyb - Fluentc - Fluents28) We never speak..........about our friends.a - Badderb - Badlyc - Worse29) Inma likes Nesquick because it melts.................a - Quickb - Quicklyc - Quicker than30) She never has.........to buy what she needs.a - Money enoughb - Enough moneyc - Enough monei31) Everybody has ..........to make the beds.a - Now173

- Yesterdayc - Best32) There are.......good and bad methods of learning a language.a - Allb - Neitherc - Both33) Everybody spent the afternoon...a - Happierb - Happyc - Happily34) It was.............understood by all the students.a - Easyb - Easilyc - Easier that35) It had been .........decided that a Ford Fiesta was the best option.a - Quickb - Quickerc - Quickly36) The party was.........planned.a - Wonderfullyb - Wonderc - Wonderful37) ........it is not very clear if you are entitled or not to inherit the money.a - Legallyb - Legalc - Legaly38) I don't think so......a - Personallyb - Personalc - Personaly39) He drives..........a - Fastb - Fastingc - Fastest40) We always arrive...............a - Earlyb - Earliestc - The earlier41) My parents work..............a - Hardb - Harder than174

c - The hard42) María Callas sang ....................a - Beautifullyb - Beautifulc - Beatifuler175

Soluciones1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. A11. A 12. C 13. B 14. B 15. A 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. A21. B 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. B 28. B 29. B 30. B31. A 32. C 33. C 34. B 35. C 36. A 37. A 38. A 39. A 40. A41. A 42. A176

YET, STILL, ALREADY, DURING Y AGOYet.Va al final de la oración eninterrogativas y negativas. Con elpretérito perfecto, aún, todavía.I haven't finished the job yet.No he acabado el trabajo todavía.Have you seen her yet?¿La has visto ya?Still.Va detrás del verbo to be. Todavía.Va entre sujeto y verbo en afirmativase interrogativasMy sister is still working .Mi hermana está todavía trabajando.I still love her.Todavía la quiero.Do they still live in Sax?¿Viven ellos todavía en Sax?Va detrás del sujeto en negativas. DaénfasisAlready.Va detrás de to be.Already.En posición final enfatiza.Already.Se coloca entre el auxiliar y el verboen afirmativas e interrogativas.During.Indica un período de tiempo dentrode otro.Ago.Se coloca al final de la oración.He still hasn’t paid.Él todavía no ha pagado.This car is already too old.Este coche es ya demasiado viejo.He has the tickets already.Él ya tiene las entradas.I have already bought the grapes.Ya he comprado las uvas.Have you already bought the books?¿Has comprado ya los libros?During the summer I go to Santa Pola.Durante el verano voy a Santa Pola.I went to Elche two days ago.Fui a Elche hace dos días.177

1) He is ..........in bed. He has been sleeping all night long.a - Yetb - Stillc - Already2) She is ................waiting for the bus.a - Yetb - Stillc - Since3) They ..................go to the mountains although they are 80.a - Stillb - Yetc - Already4) Have you done your homework...................?a - Stillb - Yetc - Already5) I am .............working there but I will change very soon.a - Stillb - Yetc - Already6) Has he come..............?a - Yetb - Stillc - Already7) They are.....................playing football.a - Yetb - Stillc - Already8) He has.....................come back from school.a - Alreadyb - Yetc - Still9) I' ve worked in Elche ...................six years.a - Sinceb - Forc - Ago10) l lived here in San Francisco ...................three months.a - Forb - Sincec - Ago11) I've worked in the same factory ...................1970.178

a - Sinceb - Forc - Ago12) He's been abroad ...................five years.a - Forb - Sincec - Ago13) I studied French .............twelve years.a - Sinceb - Forc - Ago14) I' ve known her ..............1982.a - Agob - Sincec - For15) I've lived in Elda ...................I was a child.a - Sinceb - Forc - Ago16) We have not been in Rome ...........we were married.a - Forb - Sincec - Ago17) I've known them ................years.a - Agob - Forc - Since18) We have been painting the room ...........2 months.a - Agob - Sincec - For19) I studied Italian ........a couple of months.a - Forb - Sincec - Ago20) She has been working here ...................she left school.a - Forb - Sincec - Ago21) I have been working in the restaurant ................six months.a - For179

- Agoc - Since22) He has been in prison..................nine years.a - Agob - Sincec - For23) I haven't been to Tabarca .................I was at the University.a - Sinceb - Forc - Ago24) I haven't seen my friend María ...................several years.a - Sinceb - Forc - Ago25) We lived in Villena ........................1950.a - Forb - Sincec - Ago26) I have been writing a novel .................seven years.a - Agob - Forc - Since27) They have been going to England ...................1983.a - Sinceb - Agoc - For28) Horacio has been waiting for his wife......................8 o'clock.a - Sinceb - Forc - Ago29) Pepica has lived in Salinas........................................she was ten years old.a - Forb - Sincec - Ago30) They are married. They got married six months ........a - Forb - Sincec - Ago31) My sister has been reading a book ...........................a long time.a - Agob - For180

c - Since32) I've been swimming every Friday ............................I was thirteen.a - Sinceb - Forc - Ago33) She is in London now. She arrived there four days ................a - Forb - Sincec - Ago34) Clemente has been writing an article ........................September.a - Agob - Forc - Since35) Ana has been working in Elche..................................9 o'clock.a - Forb - Sincec - Ago36) Rosi has been buying presents...................................Christmas.a - Sinceb - Forc - Ago37) Maríano has been playing tennis ...............................he was thirty.a - Agob - Sincec - For38) Jesús has been working in this project..............October.a - Sinceb - Agoc - For39) She's been in London .....................Monday.a - Forb - Sincec - Ago40) It is raining. It started an hour ...............a - Agob - Forc - Since41) He has been ill .........a long time.a - Forb - Sincec - Ago181

42) Manolín has lived in Aspe ..................................15 years.a - Sinceb - Forc - Ago43) That old house has been empty .............many years.a - Agob - Sincec - For44) Pili is in her office. She's been there ..............7 o'clock.a - Agob - Forc - Since45) The bus is late. We've been waiting .........................20 minutes.a - Sinceb - Forc - Ago46) Tere is here. She has been in Majorca ..........6 monthsa - Forb - Agoc - Since47) I know Pepe. I first met him two years ..............a - Sinceb - Forc - Ago48) I have a camera. I have it .............................................1985.a - Sinceb - Agoc - For49) Laura is studying Medicine ............................1987.a - Agob - Forc - Since50) I've been learning English.............................January.a - Forb - Agoc - Since51) My brother's been working in Alicante ................2 years.a - Forb - Sincec - Ago182

52) We've been trying to buy a house..................years now.a - Sinceb - Forc - Ago53) I've only been cycling to work......................two months.a - Forb - Sincec - Ago54) Haven't you done it ....................?a - Agob - Yetc - For55) It's very early, are you in bed …..?a - Yetb - Alreadyc – Still56) We haven't seen the new Harry Potter film ...a - Yetb - Alreadyc - Still57) It's late and Juan is ...........in bed.a - Alreadyb - Stillc - Yet58) It's very late and your brother is......a - Still in bedb - Still in the bedc - Already in bed59) How long has Pepe been in hospital? ........seven days.a - Agob - Forc - Since60) It rained a lot.......the night.a - Forb - Sincec - During61) ........our stay in London we visited many museums.a - Sinceb - Duringc - For183

62) He ...........works in the same company.a - Stillb - Forc - Yet63) Are they.........waiting for the doctor?a - Stillb - Yetc - Already64) I haven't read the book about Garzon......a - Yetb - Stillc - Already65) I haven't written my Christmas cards......a - Stillb - Yetc - Already66) My ford fiesta is.........very old.a - Alreadyb - Stillc - Yet67) I ................know the answer.a - Stillb - Alreadyc - Yet68) The leathers came five minutes...a - Sinceb - Forc - Ago69) It's at least five months ......I met her for the last time.a - Sinceb - Forc - Ago70) I haven't finished........a - Yetb - Alreadyc - Still184

Soluciones1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. A11. A 12. A 13. B 14. B 15. A 16. B 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. B21. A 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. B 26. B 27. A 28. A 29. B 30. C31. B 32. A 33. C 34. C 35. B 36. A 37. B 38. A 39. B 40. A41. A 42. B 43. C 44. C 45. B 46. A 47. C 48. A 49. C 50. C51. A 52. B 53. A 54. B 55. A 56. A 57. B 58. A 59. B 60. C61. B 62. A 63. A 64. A 65. B 66. A 67. B 68. C 69. A 70. A185

EL IMPERATIVO• Se usa para dar órdenes y hacer sugerencias o consejos. Carece de formainterrogativa.Infinitivo sin to.Go home.Ve a casa.AFIRMATIVANEGATIVADo not + Inf sin to.Don’t drink too much.No bebas demasiado.Come here.Ven aquí.Let’s go home, it’s late.Vayamos a casa es tarde.FORMA ENFÁTICADo go home.Vete a casa ya.• El imperativo puede servir para hacer sugerencias, invitaciones, ruegos.• Do se puede usar con el verbo to beDo be quiet.Estáte quieto.Don’t be cruel to her.No seas cruel con ella.• Si utilizamos you indica irritación.Don’t you go.No se te ocurra ir.• El imperativo de la primera persona de plural se hace con let’s. Lanegativa con let’s not .186

Let’s go.Vayamos187

1) Let's .......a - Thinksb - Thinkingc - Think2) ..............that music down please.a - Playb - Turnc - Put3) Let's ..............a good restaurant, I am very hungry.a - Findingb - Foundc - Find4) Why don't we go to the beach and ..............a swim.a - Haveb - Hasc - Had5) Let's .........home.a - Wentb - Goc - Gone6) Boys, ......................here.a - Comeb - To comec - Comes7) Manolo, .................go to the disco tonight.a - Let usb - We let'sc - We let8) Pepita, ...down here.a - Sittingb - Sitsc - Sit9) ........here at once.a - Comeb - Comingc - To cime10) …….the room before 7.00.a - Cleanb - Cleaningc - Cleans11) Let.................come.188

a - Herb - Shec - Hers12) Let................go.a - Himb - Hec - His13) Let's......go to the cinema, it's better a disco.a - Notb - Noc - None14) ......a girlfriend who share your hobbies.a - Chooseb - To choosec - Choosing15) ......your mouth close all the time, only answer if the teaches asks you.a - Keepb - To keepc - Keeps16) Please.......................on the lights.a - To switchb - Switchc - Switching17) Don't forget ...............the letters.a - Postedb - To postc - Posts189

Soluciones1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. A11. A 12. A 13. A 14. A 15. A 16. B 17. B190

EL PRESENTE SIMPLE• Equivale al presente de indicativo. Se forma con el sujeto más el infinitivo.La tercera persona del singular, (he, she, e it) añaden “-s” o “-es”. Las reglasortográficas que aprendiste en la formación del plural son las mismas quese aplican en este caso a los verbos. Los verbos que terminan en “-ss”, “-sh”, “-ch”, “-“x, “-o“ añaden “-es” en la tercera persona del singular:AFIRMATIVA Sujeto + Inf sin to I play tennis.Yo juego al tenis.He, she, it añaden (s) o(es)He kisses his mother.Él besa a su madre.He watches TV everyday.Él ve la tele todos losdías.NEGATIVASujeto + do + not + Inf sinto.He, She, It usan does.I don’t like cocido.No me gusta el cocido.He doesn’t love her.Él no la quiere.He doesn’t want to come.Él no quiere venir.He doesn’t read much.Él no lee mucho.Do + not contrae endon’t.Does + not contra endoesn’t.We don’t smoke.Nosotros no fumamos.He doesn’t cook.Él no cocina.INTERROGATIVA Do + S + Inf sin to. Do you love me?¿Me quieres?191

PRINCIPALES USOSIndicar hábitos o costumbres.Para indicar verdades universales.I never go to the university by car.Yo nunca voy en coche a laUniversidad.The sun rises everyday.El sol sale todos los días.Para planes futuros. The play begins at 8 and ends at 10.30.La obra comienza a las 8 y acaba alas 10.30.Para contar historias, cuentos, chistes,acontecimientos deportivos, etc.A waiter asks a couple.Un camarero le pregunta a la pareja.En el llamado presente històrico. Colombus discovers America in 1492.Colón descubre América en 1492.Horarios. The plane leaves at 7.00.El avión sale a las 7.00.Con refranes.Time flies.El tiempo vuela.• Se suele usar con adverbios o frases adverbiales tales comoAlways.Siempre.Frequently.Frecuentemente.Never.Nunca.On Sundays.Los domingos.Often.Confrecuencia.Sometimes.A veces.Occasionally.Ocasionalmente.Seldom.Rara vez.Every day.Cada día.In winter.En invierno.Usually.Normalmente.He always goes to Benidorm in summer.Siempre va a Benidorm en verano.She never tells me what to do.Ella nunca me dice lo que tengo que hacer.192

We play football every day.Jugamos al fútbol todos los días.• Cuando un verbo termina en “-y” detrás de una consonante, cambiamosla “-y” en “-i”, y añadimos “-es”.I copy, he copies.Yo copio, él copia.I try, he tries.Yo lo intento, él lo intenta.• Sin embargo, los verbos que terminan en “y” detrás de una vocal siguen laregla general.I play, he plays.Yo juego, él juega.I obey, he obeys.Yo obedezco, él obedece.• Debido a su significado, algunos verbos usan siempre la forma habitual alno admitir las formas continuas.I love you.Te quiero.She likes me.Me gustaI believe you.Te creo.193

1) I ......................like liver.a - Doesb - Doingc - Do not2) ...........you like to go to the cinema?a - Doesb - Doc - Are3) What........your brother do?a - Dob - Doesc - Is4) Where .........you live?a - Isb - Doc - Does5) What languages ........you speak?a - Doesb - Arec - Do6) He............to the University.a - Goesb - Goc - Is go7) The Harry Potter film.........150 minutes.a - Takesb - Takec - Taking8) My wife.............at Azorín High School.a - Teachesb - Teachc - Is tiching9) Sometimes he.......his girlfriend who is stuying in England.a - Missingb - Missesc - Miss10) There.......not sharks in Tabarca.a - Isb - Arec - Am11) We........friends during our holidays.194

a - Visitingb - Visitc - Is visiting12) In summer, my daughter ...........her friend Rocío.a - Missb - Missesc - Is missed13) Laura ........magazines at night.a - Readingb - Readc - Reads14) The Maths teacher never.......late.a - Comeb - Comesc - Is comeing15) He............the best player in Elda.a - Isb - Arec - Am16) I ...............................living in Elda.a - Likesb - Likec - Liking17) Mike .........potatoes and tomatoes in his cottages.a - Growb - Growsc - Grounig18) Where........?a - Does he livesb - Does he livingc - Does he live19) Which car ................................at the moment?a - Are you haveingb - Do you havec - Is having you20) What ..........................................for a living?a - Does you dob - Do you doc - Do you does21) I ...............................that this President will win again.a - Does not think195

- Do not thinksc - Do not think22) He .............most of the homework with his mother.a - Doesb - Doingc - Do23) I ..........................like Opera, I prefer Jazz.a - Disb - Doc - Do not24) You ............................................know him.a - Donb - Do notc - Does not25) I .............................enjoy the film.a - Does notb - Do notc - Am26) I .............................want to study French.a - Doesb - Doc - Do not27) Teresa ..........................................smoke.a - Dob - Does notc - Did will28) My mother .................................wear glasses.a - Dob - Doesc - Does not29) Pepi..............................swim very fast.a - Dob - Does notc - Do30) .........................you like football?a - Doesb - Doc - Are31) ...................Pepe read the paper?a - Dob - Does196

c - Is32) Julia...........................drink wine.a - Dob - Doesc - Does not33) The doctor ...................................smoke at all.a - Dob - Does notc - Are34) Vladimir.......................................run a lot.a - Does notb - Do notc - Is not35) My sister.......................................travel much.a - Does dob - Does notc - Are not36) José Luis.......................................visit his relatives very often.a - Does notb - Do notc - Is will37) I ............................eat meat.a - Do notb - Does notc - Will do38) Where ...................................?a - Do he livesb - Does he livesc - Does he live39) I ...............................…..........much of him as a writer.a - Does not thinkb - Do not thinkc - Thinking40) I ............................to the swimming pool every day at 5.00.a - Goingb - Goesc - Go41) I think he ................................too hard at the moment.a - Worksb - Is workingc - Does working197

42) ............................what he's saying?a - Do you understandb - Does you understandc - Did you understand43) I can't answer the phone right now, I .................................a bath.a - Am haveingb - Am havingc - Having44) Excuse me...........................................Italian?a - Speakingb - Does you speakc - Do you speak45) They ...............................television very often.a - Does not watchb - Do not watchesc - Do not watch46) Somebody...............................to us.a - Is listensb - Listensc - Is listening47) She..........................to go home now.a - Is wantsb - Is wantedc - Wants48) How often ........................................a magazine?a - Do you readb - Does you readc - Did you reads49) I'm sorry, I ............................................a - Am not understandb - Does not understandc - Do not understand50) Peter.............................................National Geographic?a - Does you readsb - Do you readsc - Do you read51) What time ......................................work every day?a - Does she finishesb - Do she finishc - Does she finish198

52) They.............................................lots of beer in Great Britain.a - Drinksb - Drinkc - Drinking53) He ..............to the University.a - Goesb - Goc - Going54) The film ..........................................sixty-one minutes.a - Takingb - Takesc - Take55) Elia...........................at Azorín High School.a - Teachb - Teachingc - Teaches56) Sometimes he ...............................his girlfriend.a - Missesb - Missec - Missing57) It ..................................always sunny in Alicante.a - Areb - Isc - Were58) We ...........................friends during our holidays.a - Visitingb - Visitc - Are visit59) Manolo and Ana ......................the festivities a lot.a - Are likeb - Likec - Liking60) I .......................................................living in Elda.a - Likesb - Is likec - Like61) I ..............................to the San Juan Beach every July with my family.a - Goesb - Goc - Going199

62) Malena ........................................a lot of icecreams.a - Eatingb - Eatsc - Eat63) I'm ........I will.a - Sureb - Suringc - Here64) I ...........like kidney pie.a - Don'tb - Doesn'tc - Has65) ..........you like bacon?a - Doesb - Doc - Are66) ............you like hamburguers?a - Doesb - Isc - Do67) Don't ...............to him.a - Listenedb - Listenc - Listening68) What do you do for a .............?a - Livingb - Livec - Liver69) What does your father ...........?a - Dob - Doesc - Doing70) You really .........celebrate Christmas.a - Dob - Doesc - Not71) I ............you like it.a - Hopeb - Hopesc - Hoping72) I ..........hope you've got everything now, Pepe.200

a - Didb - Doc - Does73) Everyone ...........paella and ham in Spain.a - Lovesb - Lovec - Loving74) 5.900 ...............insurance and unlimited mileage.a - Includingb - Includesc - Include75) Juan, ...........................champagne on Christmas day?a - Are you going to drinkb - Drink youc - You drink76) Every day he ....................after he finishes at the office.a - Is going to runb - Runc - Runs77) How much money ........................you spend on clothes ?a - Dob - Don'tc - Does78) She usually ...................fresh bread every day.a - Buysb - Boughtc - Buying79) Ismael ..............20 Kms a week.a - Runb - Ranc - Runs80) Oscar always ...................tennisa - Playb - Playsc - Is play81) It ..............a lot in winter in Bocairente.a - Snowsb - Is snowedc - Is snowing82) What ..............you do on Monday evening?201

a - Don'tb - Doc - Does83) I want you to .................to my party.a - Cameb - Comingc - Come84) I can't .......chocolate.a - Resistb - Resistingc - Resisted85) I ................................a letter to my friend once a month.a - Writeb - Writingc - Am write202

Soluciones1. C 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. B11. B 12. B 13. C 14. B 15. A 16. B 17. B 18. C 19. B 20. B21. C 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. B 26. C 27. B 28. C 29. B 30. B31. B 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. B 36. A 37. A 38. C 39. B 40. C41. B 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. C 46. C 47. C 48. A 49. C 50. C51. C 52. B 53. A 54. B 55. C 56. A 57. B 58. B 59. B 60. C61. B 62. B 63. A 64. A 65. B 66. C 67. B 68. A 69. A 70. A71. A 72. B 73. A 74. A 75. A 76. C 77. A 78. A 79. C 80. B81. A 82. B 83. C 84. A 85. A203

BE GOING TO• Su estructura es Sujeto + Be + Going to + Inf sin to.• Básicamente se usa para indicar acciones planeadas en un futurocercano.Cuando se tiene intención de haceralgo.Para predecir algo.Con un futuro relativamenteinmediato.I am going to visit my friend.Voy a visitar a mi amigo.It’s going to rain.Va a llover.She is going to get married nextSunday.Se va a casar el próximo sábado.204

EL PRESENTE CONTINUO• Al igual que todos los tiempos continuos, está formado por to be e “-ing”.Afirmativa. Sujeto + Am, Is, Are +Verbo + Ing.I am reading.Estoy leyendo.Negativa.Sujeto + Am, Is, Are + Not+ Verbo + Ing.I am not cooking.No estoy cocinando.Interrogativa. Am, Is, Are + Sujeto +Verbo + Ing.Are you listening to me?¿Me estás escuchando?PRINCIPALES USOSAcciones no acabadas que seencuentran en proceso.I am paying my flat.Estoy pagando mi casa.I am reading a good book.Estoy leyendo un buen libro.Acciones planificadas.I'm playing golf with my friendEduardo next Sunday.Voy a jugar al golf con mi amigoEduardo el próximo domingo.Quejas sobre acciones que se repiten. They are always complaining andasking for more.Siempre se están quejando y pidiendomás.Situaciones temporales.I’m staying at a hotel because I’mhaving my house built.Estoy viviendo en un hotel porque meestán construyendo mi casa.• Suele ir acompañado de expresiones como:205

Now.Ahora.At the moment.En este momento.Right now.Justo ahora.206

1) The dog......now.a - Is barkingb - Is barksc - Barking2) Rocío ............the potatoes.a - Is cuttingb - Is cuttedc - Is cuts3) Marta..................in the street.a - Is dancedb - Is dancec - Is dancing4) I..................to my mother's house.a - Am gob - Are goingc - Am going5) Isabel...............a chocolate cake.a - Is eatingb - Is eatc - Is ate6) We..................a film on Tele Elda.a - Are watchingb - Are watchedc - Watcheing7) You..................too much.a - Are workb - Are workingc - Are worked8) I am .................my composition.a - Coeingb - Doingc - Duing9) María Teresa................a new book.a - Are writingb - Is writeingc - Is writing10) Someone ...............................can you open the door?a - Ringb - Is ringingc - Are ring11) I ..................................a shower.207

a - Am havingb - Hasc - Has having12) Be careful, a lorry ...............................................very fast.a - Comeb - Comeingc - Is coming13) Can you speak up, please? My elder daughter................a terribe noise.a - Is makingb - Takingc - Is makeing14) I ................................at the moment.a - Am smokingb - Smokeingc - Smoking15) He is ......................of getting married soon.a - Thinkb - Thinkingc - Thought16) All this noise ....................................................your grandmother now.a - Annoysb - Is annoyingc - Annoyed17) He .....................................fat.a - Getb - Is gettingc - Gets18) Carol ..........................................................................a lot of icecreams lately.a - Are eatingb - Is eatingc - Eat19) We.....................................to the new restaurant next month.a - Are goingb - Goc - Will go20) We ..................................chess in the new tournament.a - Are going to playb - Playsc - Would plays21) They ................................her at the airport tomorrow morning.208

a - Meetb - Are meetingc - Meets22) I ...................................a Harley in November.a - Am drivingb - Is drivingc - Driving23) I ..............................him a María Callas CD for his birthday.a - Giveb - Givingc - Am giving24) The new teacher.................................at seven.a - Comeb - Is comeingc - Is coming25) We ...........................some money to charities.a - Givesb - Are giveingc - Are giving26) You .................................................a motorbike if you pass your exams.a - Has haveb - Are havingc - Has27) They ...........................to Majorca with all their friends.a - Are goingb - Goesc - Are go28) He ...............smoking next year.a - Giveb - Is giveing upc - Is giving up29) I ..........................her a new Polo for her birthday.a - Buysb - Am buyingc - Buy30) My friend ...............................................next summer with his family.a - Is comingb - Comec - Coming31) I ............................lunch with him in La Sirena .a - Have209

- Am havingc - Has32) My friend....................................a party next Saturday.a - Is celebratingb - Is celebreteingc - Is celebrate33) María José and Marcial ..............................married next week in Santa Ana's.a - Getb - Are gettingc - Are geting34) The King............................................Elda during the Festivities.a - Is visitingb - Is visittingc - Is visit35) We ........................................the car on Sunday.a - Cleansb - Are cleaningc - Are cleanning36) Mike .................................................a new book.a - Writeb - Is writingc - Is wrtitteing37) I ............................with the new boss tomorrow.a - Eatb - Eatingc - Am eating38) The sun ...............................................this afternoon.a - Shineb - Is shineingc - Is shining39) The waiter ..............................................a bottle of Rioja wine.a - Bringb - Bringedc - Is bringing40) Alejandro Sanz ...............................................a new album in March.a - Releaseb - Is releaseingc - Is releasing41) The weather forecast says it .....................................this afternoon.a - Rainsb - Is raining210

c - Would rain42) Teresa and Horacio .........................................friends for dinner tonight.a - Hasb - Are havingc - Haveing43) My wife...............................................a party for our daughters.a - Prepareb - Is preparec - Is preparing44) He .....................................a new CD now.a - Listensb - Is listeningc - Are listening45) Horatio ..........................................a shower at the moment.a - Is hasb - Is havingc - Has46) I .....................a good CD.a - Am listening tob - I am listenc - Listening47) I .........................................................how to get to Alicante.a - Am explainingb - Explainsc - Does explain48) He ......................................the violin in another orchestra.a - Playb - Is playingc - Playeds49) I can't, I .....................................a shower.a - Am haveb - Am havingc - Am has50) Sarah, be quiet I ............................on the phone.a - Talkb - Am talksc - Am talking51) A motorbike .............................................................very fast.a - Comesb - Come211

c - Is coming52) These children .........................a terribe noise.a - Are makeb - Are makeingc - Are making53) He is .....................of buying a house.a - Thinksb - Thinkingc - Think54) This music .................................................................your father.a - Is annoyingb - Annoyc - Annoyeind55) My friend Juan ............................................fat.a - Are gettingb - Gettingc - Is getting56) We ..............................................................to the new restaurant.a - Goingb - Are goingc - Goes57) My sister ...........................................................a chocolate cake for my birthday.a - Makeb - Is makingc - Is makeing58) I ..........................tennis lessons in summer.a - Takesb - Is takingc - Am taking59) She .................................with us next April in Cazorla.a - Is fishingb - Fishesc - Fish60) They ................................her at the airport tomorrow morning.a - Meetb - Are meetingc - Meet61) The football match ................................at 6:00.a - Startsb - Are startingc - Is start212

62) I ................................her a new watch in the party.a - Giveb - Givesc - Am giving63) We ....................................some books to the Public Library.a - Are givingb - Givesc - Giving64) The children ............................................their holidays in Benidorm.a - Are going to beginb - Is beginningc - Begins65) She.........................to visit us in May.a - Is comeingb - Comedc - Is coming66) They .................................to Alpera with all their friends.a - Are gob - Are goingc - Is going67) He................................................smoking next year.a - Is give upb - Is giveing upc - Is giving up68) I ..........................her a diamond ring.a - Am buyb - Am buyingc - Am buyed69) Pepe and Manolo ...................................in Plaza Mayor at 8.00.a - Meetingb - Is meetingc - Are meeting70) Calixta and Marcial ...................................married next week.a - Are getb - Are gettingc - Are geting71) He ...............his girlfiend a lot at the moment.a - Missesb - Missc - Is missing72) I ...............................the grass on Sunday.213

a - Am cutingb - Am cuttc - Am cut73) They ...............................the cuartelillo .a - Are cleanb - Are cleaningc - Are cleaned74) I like ..........................................fresh air in the mountains.a - Breathesb - Breathingc - Breathed75) I'm............for a cup of tea.a - Dyeingb - Dieingc - Dying76) You are ....................me a lot.a - Annoyingb - Annoyc - Annoys77) I'm .........to report a traffic accident.a - Ringb - Ringingc - Rang78) He likes ........and cycling.a - Swimb - Swimmingc - Swims79) They'll drive you crazy .............questions about your family.a - Asksb - Askingc - Asked80) No, I ............................to have anything to eat today.a - Am no goingb - Don't goc - Am not going81) What ..................wine or beer? Wine, please.a - You drinkb - Are you going to drinkc - Drinks you82) The sun is......today214

a - Shineingb - Shiningc - Shaining83) I am ............a Spanish omelette for the picnic.a - Makeingb - Makingc - Meiking84) I like..........everyday in La Ciudad Deportiva.a - Swimb - To swimc - Swimming85) She hates...........the platesa - Washingb - Washc - To wash86) It is worth.........the Shoe museum, Castelar Square and taste the chocolatesof Totel.a - Gob - To goc - Going87) ........to write in English is not easy at the beginning.a - Haveb - Havingc - To have215

Soluciones1. A 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. B11. A 12. C 13. A 14. A 15. B 16. B 17. B 18. B 19. A 20. A21. B 22. A 23. C 24. C 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. A31. B 32. A 33. B 34. A 35. B 36. B 37. C 38. C 39. A 40. C41. B 42. B 43. C 44. B 45. B 46. A 47. A 48. B 49. B 50. C51. C 52. C 53. B 54. A 55. C 56. B 57. B 58. C 59. A 60. B61. A 62. C 63. A 64. A 65. C 66. B 67. C 68. B 69. C 70. B71. C 72. A 73. B 74. B 75. C 76. A 77. B 78. B 79. B 80. C81. B 82. B 83. B 84. C 85. A 86. C 87. B216

CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA FORMA –ING• Los verbos que acaban en “-e“, la sustituyen por “-ing“ excepto dye.Have.Tener.Come.Venir.Live.Vivir.Practise.Practicar.Having.Coming.Living.Practising.Dye.Tintar.Dyeing.• Cuando el verbo acaba en “-ie” la “-i” se convierte en “-y”.Die.MorirLie.Mentir, poner la mesa, poner huevos.Dying.Lying.• Cuando los verbos acaban en “-y” siguen la regla general, es decir,añaden “–ing”.Try.IntentarStudy.EstudiarPlay.Jugar.Buy.Trying.Studying.Playing.Buying.217

Comprar.• Ciertos verbos no se suelen usar en los tiempos continuos. Son losdenominados verbos de los sentidos.Believe.Creer.Consider.Considerar.Depend.Depender.Doubt.Dudar.Guess.Adivinar.Hope.Esperar.Imagine.Imaginar.Prefer.Preferir.Realise.Darse cuenta.Remember.Recordar.Suppose.Suponer.Think.Pensar.Understand.Comprender.Feel.Sentir.Smell.Oler.Love.Amar.Fear.Temer.See.Ver.Taste.Probar.Want.Querer.Sound.Sonar.Dislike.Disgustar.Doubt.Dudar.Hear.Oír.Hate.Odiar.Appear.Aparecer.Belong to.Pertenecer.Have.Tener.Like.Gustar.Forget.Olvidar.Owe.Deber.Cost.Costar.Know.Saber.Own.Poseer.Wish.Desear.Seem.Parecer.Possess.Poseer.218

219

EL PASADO SIMPLE• Equivale al imperfecto y el indefinido y se usa con acciones concluidas. Losverbos regulares lo hacen de la siguiente forma:Afirmativa.Negativa.Sujeto + Inf sin to + EdLos acabados en “-e”solo“-d”.Sujeto + Did not , + Inf sintoDid + Not contrae endin’t.I played chess.Jugué al ajedrez.I loved her.Yo la quería.I didn’t go out.No salí.Interrogativa. Did + Sujeto + Inf sin to. Did you buy the new CD?¿Compraste el disco?LOS VERBOS IRREGULARESAfirmativa.S+ 2 columna de la listade verbos irregulares.I ate the cake.Me comí el pastel.I bought a new house.Compré una nuevacasa.Negativa. S+ Did + Not + Inf . I didn’t eat the cake.No me comí el pastel.Interrogativa. Did + S + Inf. Did you eat the cake?¿Te comiste el pastel?• Para formar el pasado de un verbo regular se añade “-ed” al infinitivo.I worked.Yo trabajéYou worked.220

Tú trabajaste.• Los verbos monosílabos, y los bisílabos que terminan en consonante, conacento en la última sílaba, duplican la consonante final:Stop, StoppedParar.Admit, AdmittedAdmitir.Prefer, PreferredPreferir.• El verbo travel es una excepción, pues acentúa en la primera sílaba.Travel,TravelledViajar.• Si el verbo termina en “-e” sólo se añade “-d”.I lived in Petrel but now I live in Elda.Yo viví en Petrel, pero ahora vivo en Elda.• Los verbos que terminan en “-y” detrás de una consonante cambia la “-y”por “-i” al añadir la “-ed”:Try, Tried.Intentar.Cry, Cried.Llorar.Carry, Carried.Llevar.Study, Studied.Estudiar.Acciones que se completaron en elpasadoAcciones consecutivasWe went to Paris last year.Fuimos a Paris el año pasado.I bought a car and went to Paris.Compré un coche y fui a Paris.• Puede ir acompañado de expresiones temporales del tipo:Ago.Hace.Yesterday.Ayer.Last winter.El inviernopasado.In 1984.En 1984.I went to Paris when I was five years old.221

Fui a Paris cuando tenía cinco años.• Con did, do, does el verbo va siempre en infinitivo. Por lo tanto las formasinterrogativas y negativas del presente siempe y pasado simple siemprellevarán el verbo en infinitivo.1) I ..........................dancing lessons every summer, but now I don't..a - Takeb - Tookc - Taken2) She ................................with me to Petrel two days ago.a - Comesb - Camec - Is caming3) They ...........................to Disneyland Paris last April.a - Wentb - Goesc - Will go4) The food ............................................horrible.a - Amb - Wasc - Are5) Last summer the weather ......................................worse than in England.a - Isb - Wasc - Will be6) The French ...................................Spanish very bad in the past.a - Speaksb - Spokec - Speaking7) We ............................Tarifa last summer.a - Visitedb - Visitsc - Vistting8) Sarah ......................a present for her friends in her last visit to Terra Mítica.a - Is buyb - Boughtc - Buys will9) Inmita ..........to a swimming pool in the evenings when she was 3 years old.a - Went222

- Goc - Wenting10) When we lived in Alicante my wife ...........................her mother every night.a - Phoneb - Phonedc - Phones will11) My aunt ...........................................gazpachos in the Culebrón.a - Ateb - Eatc - Will eats12) Pepi .............................to Alicante to buy some new clothes.a - Gob - Wentc - Go will13) We ...........................her in the market buying meat last Saturday.a – Sawb - Seesc - Seeing14) I ..............................to her and I told her everything.a - Spokeb - Speaksc - Speaking15) We.....................................a lot in England last summer.a - Enjoyingb - Enjoysc - Enjoyed16) I ...............................in love with her when I saw her.a - Fallb - Fellc - Fallen17) Mr. García.....................................a new computer for his factory.a - Boughtb - Buyc - Buying18) Lady Hernández...............................her old boyfriend in a restaurant.a - Metb - Meetingc - Meets19) Manuel ..................................the lesson when I explained it.a - Understandsb - Understood223

c - Undertsanding20) Marisa ..............................your boyfriend in Petrel last night.a - Sawb - Seesc - Seen21) I ...............................more than ever last summer.a - Swimb - Swimmingc - Swam22) They .................................to Alicante when they were young.a - Will gob - Goesc - Went23) She.........................in the opera with me.a - Wereb - Wasc - Be24) We ............................many museums in Japan.a - Seenb - Sawc - Seen25) The doctor ...........................................us hat it was nothing important.a - Toldsb - Tellingc - Told26) My wife and I .....................................in Madrid at 12:00.a - Arrivedsb - Arrivedc - Arriving27) We ............................to buy the house but it was too expensive.a - Tryesb - Triedc - Tryed28) She ................................it was hotter than in Alicante.a - Findsb - Foundingc - Found29) They ..........................all the night during the Festivities.a - Dancesb - Dancing224

c - Danced30) The bus ...........................................in every city.a - Stoppedb - Stoppingc - Stops31) It ................................................during the festiviesa - Rainedb - Rainingc - Raineing32) They ............................to dinner but she feel ill.a - Has comeb - Camec - Will come33) I ........................................................Valle the Elda last Friday.a - Readb - Were readingc - Red34) They ..............................to the cinema at 9.00.a - Goesb - Wentingc - Went35) My parents ...................................................me some money when I gotmarried.a - Givingb - Gavenc - Gave36) Before I ................................they had come.a - Wentb - Goc - Will go37) When we.....................everything was ready at the party.a - Arrivedb - Arrivesc - Am arriving38) We .................................the present until you rang us.a - Sawb - Did not seec - Will saw39) The girls .....................................................a present for their parents.a - Bought225

- Was buyc - Was buys40) I .......................................................French before studying English.a - Studiedb - Studyiedc - Studies41) We............................................with him the night before.a - Eatsb - Ateingc - Ate42) We .......................................your friends that you were out.a - Tellsb - Toldc - Was teeling43) We.............................in Telepizza and Telefónica until I decided to quit.a - Investedb - Nvestingc - Invest44) We .......................................all morning in Rabosa.a - Walkedb - Walkingc - Was walking45) I ..........them yesterday.a - Tookb - Takec - Taken46) You .........them in the kitchen this morning.a - Leftb - Leavec - Leaves47) That was the first place I .................a - Lookb - Lookedc - Looking48) I didn't ..........you.a - Recognizeb - Recognisedc - Recognising49) what time did you .......................to the cinema last night?a - Gob - Went226

c - Going50) Lázaro. ........................in time yesterday.a - Arrivedb - Goesc - Arrives51) Mr. Martínez ......................for a loan, but then, he won the lottery.a - Askedb - Askingc - Askeing52) When did you ..................your summary of English grammar for Pedro ?a - Finishb - Finishesc - Finished53) Did you ..................in the San Silvestre race last year?a - Runb - Runedc - Running54) There ..................only a little coffee in the cup.a - Hadb - Wasc - Were55) I was going to write but the computer ...............down.a - Breakb - Breaksc - Broke56) Mary, ..........................to the Costa Brava last year.a - Wentb - Goc - Goes57) ......you born in Elda ?a - Hadb - Arec - Were58) The shop was open this morning. It ...at 4:45.a - Openb - Was openc - Opened59) I ...............at the University from 1980 to 1985.a - Studiedb - Studyedc - Studyed227

60) I ...............at the traffic light because it was red.a - Stopedb - Stoppedc - Stoppeed61) She.......the big bags in our last travel.a - Carryedb - Carriedc - Carryeed62) We........because it was getting late.a - Hurryedb - Hurriedc - Hurred63) The thief........he had robbed all the jewels.a - Adnitedb - Admittedc - Admitedd64) I ................to London in 1987.a - Gob - Wentc - Gone65) I..........my friend Javi last Sunday.a - Seeb - Seenc - Saw66) He ...................arrive late yesterday.a - Dob - Doesc - Did228

Soluciones1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. B11. A 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. C 16. B 17. A 18. A 19. B 20. A21. C 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. B 28. C 29. C 30. A31. A 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. C 36. A 37. A 38. B 39. A 40. A41. C 42. B 43. A 44. A 45. A 46. A 47. B 48. A 49. A 50. A51. A 52. A 53. A 54. B 55. C 56. A 57. C 58. C 59. A 60. B61. B 62. B 63. B 64. B 65. C 66. C229

EL PASADO CONTINUOAfirmativa.Negativa.Interrogativa.Sujeto + Was, Were + Ing. I was reading Time.Yo estaba leyendo larevista Time.Sujeto + Was, Were + Not+ Ing.I was not sleeping.No estaba durmiendo.Was, Were + Sujeto + Ing. Were they playing chess?¿Estaban jugando alajedrez?PRINCIPALES USOSPara hablar acerca de lo que estabasucediendo.Cuando dos acciones estabanocurriendo al mismo tiempo.En descripciones.I was reading when she came.Yo estaba leyendo cuando ella llegó.I was reading a novel while she waswatching TV.Yo estaba leyendo una novelamientras ella estaba viendo la tele.I was riding a car and then...Estaba conduciendo cuando…• Cuando hablamos de dos acciones pasadas, la más larga se expresa conpasado continuo y la más corta en pasado simpleIt was raining when I went to bed.Estaba lloviendo cuando me fui a la cama.• Para indicar que una acción sucedió después de otra, usamos el pasadosimple en ambos casos.Yesterday I got up and had a shower.Ayer me levanté y me duché.• Puede ir con expresiones temporales del tipo:230

All night.Toda la noche.The whole day.Todo el día.The wholeafternoon.Toda la tarde.For a long time.Durante muchotiempo1) My wife .................................................a bath when her mother phoned.a - Was havingb - Were havingc - Was to have2) Inma .................................................to the radio when I came home.a - Was listenb - Was listeningc - Were listening3) Mike ...............................in the sofa reading a magazine.a - Sitb - Were sitingc - Was sitting4) We ....................................in Almansa when my son was born.a - Was livingb - Were livingc - Living5) It ................................................dark, so we went home.a - Get darkerb - Got darkingc - Was getting6) The dog .....................................when a cat appeared.a - Was runingb - Was runningc - Were runing7) They ...............................in a karaoke when their friends arrived.a - Was singingb - Were songc - Were singing8) I ......................................................when my mother came.a - Wroteb - Was writingc - Were writing9) I .........................................................when the phone rang.a - Gotting dressb - Was getting dressedc - Were get dressed231

10) The alarm clock...............................................but I couldn't stop it.a - Ringingb - Ringsc - Was ringing11) He ..................................................................TV when his girlfriend came.a - Were watchingb - Was watchingc - Watching12) We....................................and it began to snow.a - Ridingb - Were ridingc - Roding13) She.........................the food before she served it.a - Tastesb - Tastec - Was testing14) Yesterday they ..................................................siesta when I phoned.a - Was sleepingb - Sleepc - Were sleeping15) We ................................tennis when she came.a - Playsb - Were playingc - Wil play16) She ...............................letters before you rang.a - Was writingb - Were writingc - Writes17) I ......................................................the press an hour before.a - Were readingb - Readsc - Was reading18) I ..........wondering if you would like to marry me.a - Beb - Isc - Was19) I was ................of going abroad.a - Thinkb - Thinkingc - Thinks232

Soluciones1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. C11. B 12. B 13. C 14. C 15. B 16. A 17. C 18. C 19. B233

EL PRESENTE PERFECTO• Este tiempo, al igual que el resto de los tiempos perfectos, hacenreferencia a acciones ya acabadas, aunque también se use paraacciones que comenzaron en el pasado y todavía tienen continuidad enel presente.• Como todos los tiempos perfectos, se forma con el verbo to have y elParticipio Pasado.Afirmativa Sujeto + Have, Has +Participio Pasado.I have played tennis.He jugado al tenis.I have eaten paella.He comido paella.Negativa Sujeto + Have, Has not +Participio Pasado.I have not played chess.No he jugado al ajedrez.I have not eatengazpachos.No he comidogazpachos.Interrogativa Have, Has + Sujeto +Participio Pasado.Have you played golf?¿Has jugado al golf?Have you eatenoctopus?¿Has comido pulpo?Acciones que ocurrieron en el pasadopero se desconoce o no interesa elmomento exacto en que ocurrieron.PRINCIPALES USOSI have eaten paella.He comido paella.I have visited Paris.He visitado Paris.Acciones que se han repetido en el He has visited Madrid many times.234

pasado.Con just, indica que la acción haocurrido recientemente.Ha ido a Madrid muchas veces.I have just seen my wife.Acabo de ver a mi mujer.Con ever. (alguna vez)Con always.Con already.Have you ever been to Rome?¿Has estado en Roma alguna vez?I have always liked the country.Siempre me ha gustado el campo.We have already finished.Ya hemos acabado.• For y since suelen acompañar a éste tiempo para referirse a acciones queempezaron en el pasado y que continuan hasta el momento presente.How long. Se utiliza para preguntarpor la duración.How long have you been wearingglasses?¿Cuánto tiempo hace que llevasgafas?For.Se emplea con períodos de tiempo.Desde hace.Since.Nos remonta a un punto concreto enel pasado. Desde o desde que.I have lived in Elda for 40 years.Hace 40 años que vivo en Elda.She has had the same car since 1987.Tiene el mismo coche desde 1987.I have been wearing glasses sinceOctober.Llevo gafas desde octubre.235

1) My sister ............................................a chocolate cake for my birthday.a - Has madeb - Has be madec - Has been makeing2) He has never ................................................ "Gone with the wind ".a - Seenb - Seec - Saw3) I have ..........................................................paella every Saturday for years.a - Ateb - Eatc - Eaten4) They have just ............................................around Spain.a - Travelb - Traveledc - Travelled5) He has ............................................Diet Coke since he was at University.a - Being drinkingb - Been drunkc - Been drinking6) Flavio has ............................................his girlfriend.a - Forgaveb - Forgivec - Forgiven7) My mother has ........................................in Petrel all the morning.a - Beb - Beenc - Was8) Their friends have .......................................a new job in Elche.a - Findedb - Foundedc - Found9) Toni has ...............................................fireworks for the summer party.a - Buyedb - Boughtc - Boughting10) Cayetano has ..........................................a new house for his family.a - Buildb - Builtc - Boughts11) Mario has ........................................................ for the beers in the bar.236

a - Payedb - Paidc - Paying12) I ........................................................for this moment since I was a child.a - Have waitb - Have been waitingc - Have being waiting13) We ............................in this house since 1997.a - Livedb - Have being livingc - Have been living14) He .......................in Terra since 1999.a - Is investedb - Is investc - Has been investing15) He ......................a book for a long time.a - Writesb - Is wrotec - Has been writing16) Lucas .................................................since last summer in this project.a - Has been workingb - Has workingc - Had been working17) I ....................................................this question many times.a - Have answeredb - Has answerc - Had answering18) They ..............................in the same house since they got married.a - Have livingb - Have livedc - Has lived19) We .....................................a single match this year.a - Haven't playedb - Hasn't playc - Have play20) They .............................a lot with this teacher.a - Has learntb - Have learntc - Have learned21) We.........................................many good films, but this is the best one.a - Has see237

- Has seenc - Have seen22) I ......................................................a new TV set this week.a - Have buyb - Have boughtedc - Have bought23) We .................................. "El Cid " many times in summer.a - Have climbtb - Have climbedc - Have climbing24) He ...............................some shoes for his brother.a - Has boughtb - Has buyc - Have bought25) They ..............................the news in Hello magazine.a - Have readedb - Have readc - Have readt26) He has.................................................on weight since he got married.a - Putsb - Putc - Putting27) Pepe has......................................a new apartment in Santa Pola.a - Buyingb - Boughtedc - Bought28) Mari Puri has.....................................all the chocolate cakes in the fridge.a - Ateb - Eatingc - Eaten29) Our new neighbours have ............................with us about their problems.a - Speakenb - Spokenc - Speaking30) My brother-in-law has...................................football in Alicante.a - Playsb - Playedc - Playeding31) I have.............................four faxes today to the Consellería.a - Sent238

- Sendedc - Sented32) He .................................his book yet.a - Had finishedb - Has finishingc – Hasn’t finished33) Pepe.................................since last summer in this book.a - Has being workingb - Has been workingc - Has be working34) Mary ......................................an affair with John since she got her divorce.a - Has been havingb - Have being havingc - Has been haveing35) The neighbour's children ...................a terrible noise since we moved here.a - Has been makingb - Have being makingc - Have been making36) Olga ..........................................a picture of her daughter for a month.a - Have being paintingb - Has been paintc - Has been painting37) Javi....................................................a lot of money in Russia since 1995.a - Has being makingb - Has been makingc - Has be making38) Fermina....her journey since she knew that we were also going there.a - Has be preparingb - Has being preparingc - Has been preparing39) We...........................................football this morning in "La Sirmat ".a - Has being playingb - Have been playingc - Had be playing40) Alberto Navarro .................................his last book for over fifteen years.a - Has been writingb - Has be writingc - Has being writing41) l have ..........my first marathon at the age of 42.a - Runingb - Run239

c - Runed42) I..........................Antonio Maestre since we went to don Emilio's schooltogether.a - Knowb - Have knownc - Has been knowing43) I..........................a lot with these quick tests.a - Has learntb - Have learntc - Have learning44) They.........................................................me that she has won the lottery.a - Have tellb – Has toldc – Have told45) We .......................................to move to a bigger house.a - Have decidedb - Has decidedc - Will decided46) How long have you ....................there?a - Beb - Beingc - Been47) He's ..............a - Arrivedb - Arrivec - Arrives48) I've just....................to the manager.a - Speakb - Spokec - Spoken49) Have you ...........my glasses?a - Seenb - Seec - Saw50) Have you .............in the bedroom?a - Lookedb - Lookc - Looking51) They have just ......................a - Disappearedb - Disappear240

c - Disappeareing52) There has ........a car crash in Juan Carlos I street.a - Beb - Wasc - Been53) What ................happened to him? he looks very sad.a - Isb - Hasc - Have54) A little boy called Jaime .………….....been here.a - Isb - Havec - Has55) You have ........a great help to all of us, thanks a lot.a - Beenb - Bec - Was56) I've .............the CD, but I prefer to see them live.a - Boughtb - Buyc - Buys57) I've often ............them on TV, but this is something else!a - Seenb - Seec - Saw58) Well, I've ..............packing.a - Finishedb - Finishc - Finishing59) He has ...........teaching me Spanish.a - Beenb - Bec - Was60) Jaime has never ..................late before.a - Comeb - Camec - Comes61) The Sax train ...........................It’s been half an hour late.a - Arrived has justb - Has just arrivedc - Has arrived just241

62) -“Have another chocolate”. -No, thank you very much indeed, .............toomuch.a - I've eatenb - I eatenc - I ate63) Hello, darling, have you ..........................dinner yet?a - Cookedb - Cookenc - Do64) My daughter hasn't ....................from school yet.a - Comedb - Comingc - Come65) It was nice to see him again. I .........him for ages.a - Haven't seenb - Haven t seec - Saw66) ................you done your homework?a - Haveb - Hasc - Have to67) It ...........for ages in Almeria.a - Doesn't rainb - Did rainc - Hasn't rained68) -Where is Clemente? -He ......to the bank.a - Isb - Has gonec - Has went69) I ..........to London since 1993.a - Haven't beenb - Haven't gonec - Haven't go70) "Tres Superhombres en Tokyo " was the worst film I've ever ......a - Seeb - Sawc - Seen71) I.........a cigarette since last Christmas.a - Haven smokedb - Haven't smoked242

c - Hasn't smoked72) All flights to Madrid...........because of the fog.a - Has been cancelledb - Have been cancelledc - Cancelled73) He has...................to bed because he was a little tired.a - Gob - Wentc - Gone243

Soluciones1. A 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. B11. B 12. B 13. C 14. C 15. C 16. A 17. A 18. B 19. A 20. B21. C 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. C 29. B 30. B31. A 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. C 36. C 37. B 38. C 39. B 40. A41. B 42. B 43. B 44. C 45. A 46. C 47. A 48. C 49. A 50. A51. A 52. C 53. B 54. C 55. A 56. A 57. A 58. A 59. A 60. A61. B 62. A 63. A 64. C 65. A 66. A 67. C 68. B 69. A 70. C71. B 72. B 73. C244

EL PRETÉRITO PERFECTO CONTINUO• Como todos los tiempos continuos, indica acciones en proceso.Afirmativa. Sujeto + Have, Has +Been + Ing.Negativa. Sujeto + Have, Has not +Been + Ing.Interrogativa. Have, Has + Sujeto +Been + Ing.I have been reading thepaper.He estado leyendo elperiódico.I have not been cooking.No he estadococinando.Have you been walking?¿Has estado dando unpaseo?PRINCIPALES USOSIndica acciones muy recientes queacaban de terminar.She has been swimming.Ella ha estado nadando.He has been cryingÉl ha estado llorando.Acciones que empezaron en elpasado y que todavía continuan.Puede ir acompañado de expresionescomo: the whole day, all week, etc.I have been waiting for half an hour.Llevo esperando media hora.He has been working the whole day.Ha estado trabajando todo el día.245

EL PASADO PERFECTOAfirmativa.Sujeto + Had + ParticipioPasado.I had seen her.Yo la había visto.Negativa. Sujeto + Had not +Participio Pasado.I had not gone.Yo no había ido.Interrogativa.Had + Sujeto + ParticipioPasadoHad she been with you?¿Había estado ellacontigo?• Equivale al pluscuamperfecto. Es el tiempo más remoto en el pasado.PRINCIPALES USOSAcciones que ocurrieron antes queotra.When I had finished all my work, I wentto the swimming pool.Cuando hube acabado mi trabajome fui a la piscina.• Suele usar expresiones del tipo:Since.Desde.For.Desde hace.Till. UntilHasta.When.CuandoBefore.Antes.By the time.Para cuando.Always.Siempre.246

EL PASADO PERFECTO CONTINUO• Expresa acciones que habían estado ocurriendo en el pasado hasta unmomento concreto.Afirmativa.Sujeto + Had been + Ing. I had been sleepingsiesta.Había estado durmiendola siesta.Negativa. Sujeto + Hadn't been +Ing.Interrogativa. Had + Sujeto + Been +Ing.She had not beenreading.Ella no había estadoleyendo.Had you been working?¿Habías estadotrabajando?We had been studying until her mother came.Habíamos estado estudiando hasta que vino su madre.247

EL FUTURO SlMPLEAfirmativa. Sujeto + Will + Inf sin to. I will go with you.Iré contigo.Negativa.Sujeto + Will not , + Inf sinto.I will not pay for that.No pagaré eso.Interrogativa. Will + Sujeto + Inf sin to. Will you marry me?¿Te casarás conmigo?• Se puede usar shall en la primera persona del singular y del plural, aunquesu uso queda cada vez más restringido a la expresión de ofrecimientos. Sepuede usar will en todas las personas de singular y plural. Tanto shall comowill contraen en “-‘ll”.PRINCIPALES USOSEn sugerencias.En promesas.Determinaciones.Énfasis.Predicciones.Lógicamente, indica acciones queocurrirán.Con advertencias y condiciónes.Para expresar deseo o rechazo antealgo.Shall we go to the cinema?¿Vamos al cine?I will buy you the car.Te compraré el coche.I will go with you.Iré contigo.I will never do it again.No lo volveré a hacer.They will win the match.Ellos ganarán el partido.I will buy a Harley next year.Me compraré una Harley el año queviene.If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late.Si no te das prisa llegarás tarde.Don’t drink too much or you’ll getdrunk.No bebas demasiado o te248

emborracharás.Ofrecimientos.I'll help you with your exercises.Te ayudaré con los ejercicios.BE GOING TO• Indica planes para el futuro, también hace referencia a acciones que seve que van a ocurrir.I’m going to visit my mother.Voy a visitar a mi madre.It’s going to rain.Va a llover.249

1) She ..................................with us next April in Cazorla.a - Will go fishingb - Would go fishingc – Went fishing2) She .................................to Petrel next week.a - Is movingb - Is movedc - Is going to moving3) We.........................................a new computer for the students.a - Are buyb - Are going to buyc - Will buys4) I .......................................................in Aspe tomorrow.a - Will beb - Will isc - Will am5) I ......................................................my cousin in Madrid next week.a - Visitedb - Will visitc - Visit6) They ...........................a new road in 2007.a - Buildb - Will buildc - Builded7) She .................................in the team next year.a - Playedb - Playingc - Will play8) I .............................with them to Toledo next March.a - Will gob - Goc - Went9) They ...........................back at 8.00.a - Isb - Wasc - Will be10) He .................................her in Alicante in 2005.a - Will marryb - Marriedc - Would married11) I ....................................to the Yelmo Cineplex cinemas tomorrow.250

a - Wentb - Goc - Will go12) I .............................all my friends to a paella next Saturday.a - Inviteb - Will invitec - Would invite13) I..........with you if you pay.a - Will eatb - Would eatc - Had eaten14) I will ........you your room.a - Showsb - Showc - Showing15) I won't .............long.a - Beb - Havec - Do16) I'll .......the waiter if they have Coke instead of Pepsi.a - Asksb - Askc - Asking17) He will ........you a parcel for me.a - Bringsb - Bringc - Brought18) We will ......immediately.a - Comeb - Comesc - Cam19) I will ...............the car tonight.a - Washb - Washedc - Washing20) Next Sunday I ....................play tennis with Eduardo.a - Was playedb - Will playsc - Am going to play21) How .......................you go to Sax tomorrow?251

a - Doesb - Shallc - Will22) -Where.......tonight? -Why don't we go to the new Mamma Luna?a - Shall we gob - We goingc - Go can we23) We ..................go to Madrid to see Beauty and the Beast next month.a - Willb - Wouldc - Need24) If you can't water the plants, I ........do it for you.a - Wouldb - Willc - going25) ......you look after my daughters while I go to buy the paper?a - Willb - Mustc - Need26) I..........send a letter as soon as I arrive.a - Haveb - Willc - Would252

Soluciones1. A 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. A11. C 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. A 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. C21. C 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. 28. 29. 30.253

EL FUTURO CONTINUO• Expresa acciones que con seguridad tendrán lugar en el futuro.Afirmativa.Negativa.Sujeto + Will be + Inf sinto + Ing.Sujeto + Will not + Inf sinto + Ing.I will be driving toAlicante.Estaré conduciendohacia a Alicante.I will not be eating there.No estaré comiendo allí.Interrogativa. Will + Sujeto + Be + Inf +Ing.Suele ir acompañado deexpresiones temporalescomo: At 7 o’clock, thistime nextyear/month/week.Will you be studying inElx?¿Estarás estudiando enElx?What will you be doing at7 o’clok tomorrow?¿Qué estarás haciendomañana a las 7?254

EL FUTURO PERFECTO• Indica acciones que habrán acabado en el futuro. Normalmente sonsuposiciones o presunciones.Afirmativa. Sujeto + Will have +Participio Pasado.I will have eaten.Habré comido.Negativa.Sujeto + Will have + Not+ Participio Pasado.I will not have eaten.No habré comido.Interrogativa. Will + Sujeto + Will have +Participio Pasado.Will you have eaten?¿Habrás comido?I will have read the book next month.Habré leido el libro el próximo mes.• Puede ir acompañado de referencias temporalesTomorrow.Mañana.Soon.Pronto.In the future.En el futuroThis time next year:A esta hora el año queviene.In the year 2050.En el año 2050.The day after tomorrow.Pasado mañana.In a month.Dentro de un mes.By 8.30.Para las 8.30.Next week.La próxima semana.In the next year.El año que viene.At 7 o’clock.A la siete en punto.255

1) Barcelona............against Manchester United in June.a - Will be playingb - Will play bec - Will be played2) Everybody..........at Christmas.a - Will have eat cocidob - Will be eating cocidoc - Will cocido be eating3) I .................................a new car by 2005.a - Will buy beb - Will have boughtc - Will have be buying4) She .................5 kilos with this new diet.a - Will have lostb - Will have loosec - Will have losted5) I..................my first novel in 2007.a - Will have writtenb - Will have writec - Will have wrote6) We ................our house by 2018.a - Will have payb - Will have be paydc - Will have paid7) My mother............her new portrait next week.a - Will have paintb - Will be paintc - Will have painted8) We.............the cuartelillo in September.a - Will be boughtb - Will have boughtc - Will be buy9) My friend ............his lecture in February.a - Will have givenb - Will have gavec - Will have give10) I ........................................................in a new office next year.a - Will be workingb - Will working bec - Will have working11) They ...........................in La Sirena next Saturday.256

a - Will be having dinnerb - Will dinner havec - Will be dinner12) I..........to Berlín in August.a - Will flyingb - Will flying bec - Will be flying13) We .....................................our daughter next Christmas.a - Will visittb - Will visittingc - Will be visiting14) They ................................for you at the airport.a - Will be waitedb - Will be waitingc - Will be wait15) I .......................................................some new books tomorow.a - Will be buyingb - Will buying bec - Will bought16) She...........................in the new disco next Saturday.a - Will dancingb - Will dancing bec - Will be dancing17) It...........in Madrid.a - Will be snowb - Will be snowingc - Will snow be18) I ......................tennis this evening.a - Will be playingb - Playedc - Will be play19) I hope I ...................................................the report on Monday.a - Will have finishedb - Will finishedc - Will be finish20) By this time next year they .............................a lot with that teacher.a - Will learnt haveb - Will have learntc - Will have learn21) We ............................all the beer before winter.a - Will drank257

- Will be drankingc - Will have drunk22) He ...............................many countries in April.a - Will have seenb - Will seenc - Will be seen23) I .............................everything before 12:00.a - Will eatenb - Will have eatenc - Will be ate24) My friend ..........................................before Christmas.a - Will be comeb - Will come bec - Will have come25) Juan ...............................................a new computer in June.a - Will have boughtb - Will boughtc - Will be boughting26) His friends ........................................the new baby on Monday morning.a - Have will visitb - Will have visitedc - Will visited27) The teachers .....................................all the exams this evening.a - Will have correctedb - Will be correctc - Will correcting be28) Tomorrow my secretary ......................all the memos.a - Will have typedb - Will typesc - Had typed29) By twelve o'clock they will ...................studying English for two hours.a - Haveb - Beenc - Have been30) By the end of the year I will .........twenty books.a - Have writtenb - Had writtenc - Writing31) We..........by nine o'clock tomorrow night.a - Will have finishedb - Will finished258

c - Finish259

Soluciones1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. A11. A 12. C 13. C 14. B 15. A 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. B21. C 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. A 29. C 30. A31. C260

EL CONDICIONAL SIMPLE• El condicional se forma igual que el futuro, anteponiendo al infinitivo lapartícula: would o should.• La partícula should sólo se usa en inglés muy formal. Normalmente seemplea para expresar consejos o advertencias.• Puede contraer con el sujeto: I would en I’dAfirmativa.Negativa.Sujeto + Would + Inf sinto.Sujeto + Would not + Infsin to.I would go with you.Yo iría contigo.I’d go to the cinema.Yo iría al cine.I would not pay that.Yo no pagaría eso.I wouldn’t buy it.Yo no lo compraría.Interrogativa.Would + Sujeto + Inf sinto.Would you marry me?¿Te casarías conmigo?261

EL CONDICIONAL PERFECTOAfirmativa.Negativa.Interrogativa.Sujeto + Would + Have+Participio Pasado.Sujeto + Would not/won't + Have+ ParticipioPasado.Would + Sujeto + Have+Participio Pasado.I would have gone withyou.Yo habría ido contigo.I would not have paidthat.Yo no habría pagadoeso.Would you have marriedher?¿Te habrías casado conella?262

CUADRO RESUMEN DE LOS TIEMPOSVERBALESAfirmativa.Negativa.EL PRESENTE SIMPLESujeto + Inf.3ª p. (He, She, It)añade“-s” o “-esSujeto + Don’t oDoesn’t + InfI live in Elda.He kisses her.She washes up every day.I don’t like coffee.She doesn’t smoke.Interrogativa. Do o Does + S + Inf? Do you love me?Does he go to school?Usos.Acciones habituales. I get up at 7.45.Verdades universales. Snow is cold.Horarios.The match starts at 6.00.The train leaves at 6.00.Acciones en el futurosujetas a un horario.Otros.Le suelen acompañar: every day, always, usually, often,never, generally, etc.EL PRESENTE CONTINUOAfirmativa. S + Be (am, is, are) + I am reading.Ing.Negativa. S + Be + Not + Ing. She is not smoking.Interrogativa. Am, Is, Are + S + Ing? Are you running?Usos.Acciones en procesoPlanes futuros.Acciones repetidas.I am readind a book.I am playing tennistomorrow.He is always talking.Otros.Le suelen acompañar: at present, nowadays, now, at themoment, etc.263

EL PRESENTE PERFECTOAfirmativa. S + Have (have o has) + I have played tennis.Participio pasado I have eaten paella.Negativa. S + Have + Not +Participo pasado.I have not washed the dishes.I have not seen her.Interrogativa. Have o Has + S + Have you been there?Participo pasado?Usos.Acciones acabadas I have read the book.de las que no se dicecuando sucedieron.Otros.Puede llevar just , for, since, already, yet, etc.EL PASADO SIMPLEAfirmativa.S + Vb. Regular + edS + Vb Irr ( 2ªColumna).I played.I ate.Negativa. S + Did + Not (didn’t) +Inf.I did not play.I did not eat.Interrogativa Did + S + Inf? Did you play?Did you eat?Usos.Otros.Acciones queocurrieron en elpasado.A veces acompaña alpasado continuoI went to Barcelona.I was reading the paper and thenit began to rain.Le suelen acompañar: last year, yesterday, two days agoetc.EL PASADO CONTINUOAfirmativa. S + Be (Was, Were) +Ing.Negativa. S + Was, Were + Not +IngI was writing a letter.I was not writing a letter.264

Interrogativa. Was, Were + S + Ing? Were you writing a letter?Usos.Acciones en procesoen el pasado.En narraciones.Para descripciones.I was painting the gate.The girls were smiling.EL PRESENTE PERFECTO CONTINUOAfirmativa. S + Have o Has + Been+Ing.I have been learning English for20 years.Negativa. S + Have o Has+ not + I have not been sleeping.Been + Ing.Interrogativa. Have o Has + S + Been Have you been reading?+ Ing?Usos.Acciones quecomenzaron en elpasado y todavíacontinuan o acabande suceder, Resalta laduración de la acción.Otros.For y since le suelen acompañar.EL PASADO PERFECTOAfirmativa. S + Had + Participio I had gone.Pasado.Negativa. S + had + Not + I had not gone.Participio Pasado.Interrogativa. Had + S + Participio Had she gone?Pasado?.Usos.Acciones queocurrieron antes queotra acción pasada.Otros.Le suelen acompañar: when, before, by the time etc.EL PASADO PERFECTO CONTINUOAfirmativa. S + Had + Been + Ing. I had been watching TV.265

Negativa. S + Had + Not + Been + I had not been watching TV.Ing.Interrogativa. Had + S + Been + Ing?. Had she been ironing?Usos.Acciones que estabanen proceso antes queotra acción pasadaocurriera.EL FUTURO SIMPLEAfirmativa. S + Will o Shall + Inf. I will go.Negativa. S + Will + Not + Inf. I will not go.Interrogativa. Will + S + Inf? Will she come?Usos.Otros.Acciones futuras.PrediccionesLe suelen acompañar: tonight, tomorrow, next year, in amonth.EL FUTURO CONTINUOAfirmativa. S + Wil be + Ing I will be reading Valle de Elda.Negativa. S + Will + Not + Be + I will not be watching TV.Ing.Interrogativa. Will + S + Be + Ing? Will you be working?Usos.Acciones futuras enprogreso.EL FUTURO PERFECTOAfirmativa. S + Will have +Participio Pasado.Negativa. S + Will + Not + Have +Participio Pasado.Interrogativa. Will + S + Have +Participio Pasado?I will have arrived at 7.00.I will not have finished.Will she have paid?266

Usos.Acciones acabadasen el futuro.EL FUTURO PERFECTO CONTINUOAfirmativa. S + Will have + Been +Ing.Negativa. S + Will + Not + Have +Been + Ing.Interrogativa. Will + S + Have + Been +Ing.Usos.Acciones que estaránfinalizadas en el futuro.I will have been working.I will not have been working.Will you have been working?EL CONDICIONAL SIMPLEAfirmativa. S + Would + Inf. I would go to London.Negativa. S + Would + Not + Inf. I would not go to London.Interrogativa. Would + S + Inf? Would you go to Lisbon?Usos.Deseos en el presenteo en el futuro.EL CONDICIONAL PERFECTOAfirmativa. S + Would + Have +Participio Pasado.Negativa. S + Would + Not + Have+ Participio Pasado.Interrogativa. Would + S + Have +Participio Pasado?I would have gone to London.I would not have gone to London.Would you have gone to Paris?Usos.Lamentos sobreacciones pasadas.267

TIPOS DE ORACIONES• Podemos establecer dos grandes grupos: Las coordinadas y lassubordinadas. Las primeras son oraciones compuestas independientesentre sí. En cuanto a las subordinadas una depende de la otra.• Los nexos más usados son los siguientes:Copulativas. And.Y.He is tall and intelligent.Él es alto e inteligente.Both…and.Tanto...como.They both teach French and Italian.Ellos dos enseñan francés e italiano.Moreover.Además.Likewise.De igual modo.It rained a lot, moreover it snowed.Llovió mucho, además nevó.I bought a ham; likewise did my neighbour.Compré un jamón, al igual que mi vecino.Besides.Además.I have no money, besides I don’t want to buyanything else.No tengo dinero, además no quierocomprar nada más.Disyuntivas.Or.O.Either…or.O…o.Neither…nor.Ni...ni.You can stay or come with us.Puedes quedarte o venir con nosotros.They are either Italian or Greek.Ellos son o italianos o griegos.I neither like Wagner nor the Rolling Stones.Ni me gusta Wagner ni los Rolling Stones.AdversativasBut.Pero.Not only…butalso.I like Verdi but I prefer Puccini.Me gusta Verdi pero prefiero Puccini.Not only I read Valle de Elda but I also readVivir en Elda.268

No sólo...sinotambién.No sólo leo Valle de Elda sino que tambiénleo Vivir en Elda.Yet.Aunque.She is pretty, yet nobody loves her.Ella es guapa, aunque nadie la quiere.Although.Aunque.Although he is rich, he hasn’t many friends.Aunque es rico no tiene muchos amigos.Causales.Because.Porque.I became rich because I saved a lot.Me hice rico porque ahorré mucho.For.Para.As.Como.She studies for being a lawyer.Estudia para ser abogadoAs I had studied French I could travelledalone.Como había estudiado francés pude viajarsolo.Since.Puesto que.Since they are adults they can go.Ya que son adultos pueden viajar solos.Owing to.Ya que, debidoa.The recital was cancelled owing to lack ofaudience.El recital se canceló debido a falta depúblico.Finales.In order to.Para.So as to.Con el fin de.In order to be accepted you have to pay first.Para que te acepten, debes pagar primero.They voted so as to elect the new President.Votaron para elegir al nuevo presidente.In case.En el caso deque. Por si.I have an insurance in case I need it.Tengo un seguro por si lo necesito.269

For fear.Por miedo a.He eats a lot of oranges for fear of getting acold.Come muchas naranjas por miedo a cogerun catarro.Consecutivas. So.Por eso.Therefore.Por lo tanto.He won the pools so he bought a new house.Ganó las quinielas y por eso se compró unanueva casa.He has many friends therefore he is neveralone.Tiene muchos amigos y por eso nunca estásolo.Which is why.Esa es la razónpor la que.He is boring, which is why he’s always alone.Es aburrido, esa es la razón por la quesiempre está solo.So…that.Para que.Comparativas. As.Como.As…as.Tan como.I bought a present so that you liked it.Compré un regalo para que te gustaraHe is as intelligent as his sister.Él es tan inteligente como su hermana.He is not as honest as his brother.Él no es tan honrado como su hermano.So…as.No tan como.He is not so tall as me.Él no es tan alto como yo.Similarly.Del mismo modo.Petrel has nice parks, similarly Elda has nicemuseums.Petrel tiene parques muy bonitos, de igualmodo Elda tiene museos muy bonitos.Modo.As.Como.As a pianist she is the best.Como pianista el es el mejor.270

Like.Como.He eats like a lion.Come como un león.Concesivas.Although.Aunque.Although I prefer to stay I have to go now.Aunque prefiero quedarme tengo que irme.Though.Aunque.Though he is ill, he never complains.Aunque está malo, nunca se queja.Even though.Incluso.Even if.Incluso si.However.Sin embargo.Even though he is rich he never shows off.Aunque es rico, nunca presume.Even if it rains I will go.Incluso si llueve iré.I liked it, however, I didn’t buy it.Me gustó, sin embargo no lo compré.No matter.No importa.In spite of.A pesar de .Despite.A pesar de.No matter if you love her, she doen’t loveyou.No importa si la quieres, ella no te quiere.In spite of having lived in France she doesn’tspeak French.A pesar de haber vivido en Francia nohabla francés.Despite all the efforts he didn’t win.A pesar de todos los esfuerzos, no ganó.Condicionales.If.Si.If you need me, phone me.Si me necesitas, llámame.Tiempo.When.Cuando.When you want to visit us, let us know.Cuando quieras visitarnos, háznoslo saber.271

While.Mientras.Before.Antes.Since.Desde.While I was in Italy I ate a lot of pasta.Mientras estuve en Italia comí muchapasta.Before I worked in Elda, I worked inCrevillente.Antes de trabajar en Elda, trabajé enCrevillente.I have lived here since 1962Vivo aquí desde 1962Whenever.Cada vez queUntil.Hasta.Whenever he comes I visit him.Cada vez que viene le visito.Until I found it I was sad.Hasta que lo encontré estaba triste.Now.Ahora.Once.Una vez.No sonner…than.Apenas.Now I am hungry.Ahora tengo hambre.Once I pay the house I will buy a car.Una vez que haya pagado el piso compraréun coche.No sooner had they gone than I was asleep.Apenas se habían ido me quedé dormido.Finally.Finalmente.In short.En breve.Finally I read the book.Finalmente leí el libro.In short they will be here.En breve estarán aquí.Lugar.Where.Donde.This is the house where we lived until 1996.Esta es la casa donde vivimos hasta 1996.Wherever.DondequieraWherever she goes she buys some clothes.Dondequiera que vaya se compra ropa.272

que.273

ORACIONES DE RELATIVO• Este tipo de oraciones suelen añadir información a lo que ya se ha dichoen la oración principal.• Usan los siguientes pronombres relativos:Personas. Who. This is the man who came hereyesterday.Este es el hombre que vino ayer.That.This is the man that came yesterday.Este es el hombre que vino ayer.Cosas. Which. This is the book which I bought in MartínFierro.Este es el libro que compré en MartínFierro.That.The house that I sold.La casa que vendí.Posesión. Whose. The boy whose bike is this is Mike.El chico de quien es esta bici es Mike.Lugar. Where. This is the school where I studied.Esta es la escuela donde estudié.Tiempo. When. This is the day when I was born.Este es el día en el que nací.Personas. Whom. The girl whom I loved.Es la chica a quien amé.Why.What.The thing that.The reason why I bought this is you.La razón por la que compré esto eres tú.And this is what he said.Esto es lo que él dijo.This is the thing that we should do.Esto es lo que deberíamos hacer.274

• That puede utilizarse en lugar de who o which en las oraciones de relativoespecificativas (defining)This is the girl that I love.This is the girl who I love.Esta es la chica a quien quiero.This is the car which I told you.This is the car that I told you.Este es el coche que te dije.• Las oraciones de relativo se dividen en:NON-DEFINING O EXPLICATIVAS.• Van entre comas. Añaden información extra que podría omitirse y noalteraría el significado de la frase. No son imprescindibles para comprenderel significado. Se trata de una explicación.• Nunca llevan “that ” y nunca se puede omitir el relativo.My wife , who is a teacher, reads a lot.Mi mujer, que es profesora, lee mucho.DEFINING O ESPECIFICATIVAS.Son más frecuentes y no van entre comas. Definen al antecedente.The woman who came is my wife.La mujer que vino es mi esposa• Who, which y that se pueden omitir cuando no son los sujetos de laoración.The girl (who) he met is Mary.La chica que conoció es María.The CD (which) I bought is very good.El disco que compré es muy bueno.275

CONJUNCIONESAccording to. Según. I did it according to his instructions.Lo hice según él me dijo.After. Después. They came after I arrived.Llegaron después de que yo llegué.Although. Aunque. Although It rained a lot the matchwasn’t cancelled.Aunque llovió mucho, no se cancelóel partido.And. Y. I like wine and beer.Me gusta el vino y la cerveza.As.As a result.Mientras que, asícomo.Comoconsecuencia.As he came I saw him.Le vi mientras venía.He became poor as a result ofspending too much.Se empobreció como consecuenciade gastar demasiado.As if. Como si. He behaves as if he doesn’t know me.Él se comporta como si no meconociera.As long as. Mientras que. As long as you study you can play.Mientras que estudies puedes jugar.As soon as. Tan pronto como. As soon as I found it I complained.Tan pronto como lo descubrí mequejé.As though. Como si. Act as though nothing happens.Actúa como si no pasara nada.As well as. Al igual que. She, as well as me, will go to Madrid.Ella, al igual que yo, irá a Madrid.Because. Porque. We won’t go because it is very cold.No iremos porque hace mucho frio.276

Because of Debido a. Because of her behaviour nobodylikes her.Debido a su comportamiento nadie laquiere.Before. Antes. I read the paper before we eat.Leo el periódico antes de comer.But. Pero. It is expensive but I will buy it.Es caro pero lo compraré.Despite. A pesar. He came despite feeling bad.Él vino a pesar de sentirse mal.Either..or. o….o. We can either go home or to thecinema.Podemos o bien ir a casa o al cine.Even though. Aunque. Even though it’s late you can watch TV.Aunque es tarde, puedes ver la tele.Except. Salvo. I will go except if I have to work.Iré salvo que tenga que trabajar.Furthermore. Además. He doesn’t study and futhermore hedoesn’t work.Él no estudia y además no trabaja.However. Sin embargo. He didn’t study, however he passed hisexams.Él no estudió, sin embargo aprobó susexámenes.If. Si. If he comes tell him to visit me.Si viene, dile que me visite.In case of. En caso de. In case of fire ring the fire brigade.En caso de incendio llama a losbomberos.In order to. Para. In order to pass you have to study a lot.Para aprobar debes estudiar mucho.Moreover. Además. I went to London, moreover I went to277

Scotland.Fui a Londres y además a Escocia.Neither…nor. Ni…ni. I neither like coffee nor tea.No me gusta ni el té ni el café.Nevertheless. Sin embargo. I didn’t want to go, nevertherless Ienjoyed the trip.No quise ir, sin embargo disfruté delviaje.Notwithstanding. No obstante. I like the shoes, notwithstanding theyare very expensive.Me gustan los zapatos, no obstanteson muy caros.Or. O. Phone or fax.Telefonea o manda un fax.Otherwise. De otra manera. Send us the money, otherwise we won’tsend you the shoes.Mándenos el dinero, de otra manerano le mandaremos los zapatos.Provided. Siempre que. Provided you pay I accept the offer.Siempre que pague acepto la oferta.Since. Ya que. Since I have been invited I have to go.Ya que me han invitado, tengo que ir.So as to. Para. I save money so as to buy a newhouse.Ahorro dinero para poder compraruna nueva casa.Therefore. Por lo tanto. There is a concert next Monday,therefore I’ll buy the tickets.Hay un concierto el próximo lunes, porlo tanto compraré las entradas.Though. Aunque. He is rich though not very intelligent.Aunque es rico no es muy inteligente.To. Para. I went to England to learn English.Fui a Inglaterra para aprender inglés.278

Unless. A menos que. Unless they pay we won’t send themanymore shoes.A menos que paguen no lesmandaremos más zapatos.Until. Hasta que. Until I noticed I liked opera I listened toclassical music.Hasta que me di cuenta de que megustaba la ópera yo escuchabamúsica clásica.Whenever. Cada vez que. Whenever they feel like, they go toMadrid.Cada vez que les apetece, van aMadrid.Where. Donde. They stopped where they saw a light.Ellos pararon donde vieron una luz.Whereas. Mientras. He is shy whereas she is not.Él es tímido mientras que ella no.Whether..or. Si…o. Whether you like it or not, we have togo.Te guste o no, tenemos que irnos.Yet. Sin embargo. She is the most intelligent, yet she didn’twin the contest.Ella es la más inteligente, sin embargono ganó el concurso.279

LOS VERBOS MODALES• Los verbos modales se laman así al carecer de las mayoría de las formasverbales. Se usan para hacer suposiciones, sacar conclusiones, hablar deposibilidades y establecer conjeturas. No tienen todos los tiempos verbales,por ejemplo, “must ” y “ought to” sólo tienen presente. Can, may, dare yneed, tienen presente y pasado.Can, could.Poder.Would.Auxiliar delcondicional.May, might.Poder.Dare.Atreverse.Must.Deber.Need.Necesitar.Ought to.Deber.Will, shall.Auxiliares defuturo.• Tienen una única forma para todas las personas en presente:I can.He can.• No llevan “-s” en la tercera persona del singular.• Van seguidos de Infinitivo sin to.I can ski.He must study.• Hacen la negación y la interrogación como el verbo to be.Can you ski?• No se construyen con to do, to have y to be.Can she go?• No tienen imperativo, ni infinitivo, ni participio de presente ni de pasadopor lo tanto no forman tiempos continuos ni perfectos. Tampocoaparecen en formas pasivas.She can swim.280

Ella sabe nadar.He must study everyday.Él debe estudiar todos los días.• Usan otros verbos para suplir sus carencias temporales, ya que no tienenforma para todos los tiempos. No tienen participio ni infinitivo.He was able to go.Él pudo ir.I had to go alone.Yo tuve que ir solo.I must not eat so much chocolate.No debo comer tanto chocolate.Can you tell me the time?¿Me puede decir la hora?• Van seguidos de infinitivo sin to, a excepción de ought to, have to y usedto.I used to go to the disco.Yo solía ir a la discoteca.281

CAN• Sólo se usa en el presente, para el resto de tiempos se utiliza to be able to.En algunos casos puede ser sustituido por to know how to. Se puedetraducir por poder o saber.I can swim.Sé nadar.I know how to swim.Sé como nadar.l'll be able to go tonight.Podré ir esta noche.Will he be able to come in time?¿Podrá venir a tiempo?I have been able to finish it in time.He podido acabar a tiempo.Expresa conocimiento y capacidadfísica e intelectual.I can play the violin.Sé tocar el violín.I can read.Sé leer.Posibilidad.Tambien para dar y recibir permiso.Puede indicar prohibición en la formanegativa.Deducción negativa.Habilidad.Ofrecimientos.I can go with you.Puedo ir contigo.Can I go with you?¿Puedo ir contigo?You can’t smoke here.No puedes fumar aquí.They can’t be at home.No deben de estar en casa.I can swim.Sé nadar.Can I help you?¿Puedo ayudarte?282

Solamente se usa para el presente deindicativo.Could se usa para el pasado y elcondicional.She can do it alone.Lo puede hacer sola.I could go yesterday.Pude ir ayer.I could go tomorrow.Podré ir mañana.Sugerencias.You can come with us.Puedes venir con nosotros.• El verbo to know how le puede sustituirI know how to go.Sé ir.COULDIndica habilidad en el pasado. I could translate Italian at the age of 9.Sabía traducir italiano a los 9 años.Peticiones formales.Could I go with you?¿Podría ir contigo?MAYPosibilidad.It may rain during the weekend.Puede llover durante la semana.Permiso. May I come in ?¿Puedo pasar?Prohibiciones.Especulaciones.You may not stay here.No puedes estar aquí.He may be in Italy.Puede que esté en Italia.283

Sugerencias.If I may say so I will buy it.Si se me permite decirlo, yo locompraría.MIGHTExpresa una posibildad más remotaque may.Especulaciones.It might snow in Benidorm but I doubtit.Podría nevar en Benidorm, pero lodudo.He might be working in a new book.El podría estar trabajando en unnuevo libro.MUSTObligaciónes morales.Consejos.Deducciónes.Prohibiciones.I must visit my friend, he is ill.Debo ir a visitar a mi amigo que estáenfermo.You must visit the museum, it is one ofthe best in Spain.Debes visitar el museo, es uno de losmejores de España.He must be out because nobodyanswers the phone.Debe de haber salido, pues nadiecontesta el teléfono.You must not come here again.No debes volver a venir aquí.HAVE TOObligación normalmente impuesta.You have to drive with a helmet.284

Debes conducir con casco.Para indicar costumbres.En negativa, indica que algo no esnecesario.I have to take an aspirin every night.Me tengo que tomar una aspirinacada noche.You don't have to stay if you havesomething to do.No tienes que quedarte si tienes algoque hacer.SHOULD, OUGHT TO• Son prácticamente sinónimos.Para dar consejos.You should go to the Yemo Cineplexcinemas.Debería ir a los cines Yelmo Cineplex.You ought to spend more time withthem.Deberías pasar más tiempo con ellos.WILLAuxiliar del futuro simple.Predicciones sobre el futuro.Decisiones.Ofrecimientos.Peticiones.I will buy a sandwich when I finish this.Me compraré un bocadillo cuandoacabe esto.It will be sunny.Hará sol.I will buy a new car.Me compraré un coche nuevo.I will do it.Lo haré.Will you pass me the salt?¿Me pasas la sal?285

WOULDPeticiones y ofrecimientos.Hábitos y rutinas en el pasado.Would you like to come with me?¿Te gustaría venir conmigo?In 1998 I would walk a lot.En 1998 yo paseaba mucho.Como aI would go out to the cinema with my friends in the summer nights when I was 6Iba al cine con mis amigos en las noches de verano cuando tenía seis años.SHALL• Es auxiliar de futuro, pero sólo para las primeras personas del singular y delplural I, we.I shall go.Iré.Puede expresar cierta determinaciónWe shall never surrender.Nunca nos rendiremos.USED TOHábitos en el pasado.I used to sing in the shower.Yo solía cantar en la ducha.• Los hábitos en el presente se pueden expresar con la estructura To be usedto +Ing.286

I am used to reading.Suelo leer.NEED• Puede actuar como verbo modal o verbo ordinario.• Como modal no añade “-s“ en la tercera persona del singular y no admiteni auxiliares en la interrogativa y negativa.He needs a lot of money to get married.Necesita mucho dinero para casarse.• Needn't se usa para indicar que no hay obligación.You needn’t come tomorrow.No es necesario que vengas mañana.• Need to indica necesidad.I need to consult a good doctor.Necesito consultar a un buen médico.He needs to have more money to buy this car.Necesita tener más dinero para comprar este coche.Para la forma negativa e interrogativa hay dos opciones:Need you buy so much?Do you need to buy so much?You needn't come with us.No es necesario que venga con nosotros.You don't need to come with us.No es necesario que venga con nosotros.• Para el pasado sólo hay una.You didn't need to wait for them.No era necesario que les esperases.287

1) You ..........................study everyday.a - Canb - Mustc - Are2) The Town Hall ...........................................a new street to Alberto Navarro.a - Should dedicateb - Shall dedicatingc - Should to dedicate3) There's nothing in the fridge. They..............all.a - Must have eatenb - Must has atec - Must had eaten4) You ............try everything.a – Can tob - Mustc - Need5) you ..........the receipt here please?a – Canb - Mustsc - Shall6) You ............cry, it's not worth.a - Should notb - Shaln'tc - Won't7) I...........quit smoking.a - Willsb – Haves toc – Have to8) ..........I speak to Jorge?a - Cansb - Canc - Was9) He ..........be very rich, he is driving an expensive car.a - Isb - Mustc - Should10) We ........ be united.a - Oughtb - Mustc - Had11) He wasn't .........to see the driver.288

a - Canb - Ablec - May12) Will we...........buy a dictionary?a - Mustb - Have toc - Can13) That ........be enough.a - Shouldb - Cansc - Musts14) I .........send him something for his new baby.a - Mustb - Has toc - Have15) We .............................send the photograph to you.a - Willb - Doc - Did16) I ...........like a window-seat please.a - Willb - Wouldc - Can17) Yes, I guess we ...........buy them now.a - Shallb - Shouldc - Would18) There's Marcelo and that ...........be his father.a - Mustb - Hasc - Mays19) People of your age ............not drink beer.a - Shallb - Willc - Should20) Girls, you ......................say those things about your friends.a - Haven't tob - Mustn'tc - Mustn21) I........................write to Gema I haven't written to her for ages.a - Must289

- Mayc - Had22) I think my brother ..................to come next month.a - Cansb - Couldc - Will be able23) I don't speak Valenciano ..................you speak Castellano ?a - Wouldb - Can'tc - Are able24) You ..................have a passport to travel to Petrel.a - Needn'tb - Mustc - Can25) Felix, the Maths teacher ..................correcting the exams because he is nothere.a - Must beb - Must hasc - May have26) Michael was dictating too fast, so I ...............copy what he said.a - Were ableb - Couldn'tc - Won't be able27) Jesús you'd like to go to buy a new computer, .............you?a - Wouldb - Wouldn'tc - May28) He ..............understand the problem if you explained it to him.a - Wouldb - Shallc - Will29) What ....................happen if we didn't go to work?a - Willb - Wouldc - Must30) The local Council ...........do something about those houses!a - Must tob - Have toc - Must31) When you come again, you .........visit The Plaza Mayor and the museums.a – Has to290

- Mayc - Should32) Come on, boys. We .........win them this time.a - Mustb - Have toc - Have33) They didn't come to the meeting I suppose they ..........have gone to thebeach.a - Mustb - Hasc - May34) I didn't go to the concert I.............have gone.a - Shallb - Shouldc - Must35) This paella tastes very well. Lorenzo ...have made it.a - Mustb - Hadc - Has36) I haven't seen María Luisa since Christmas. She.................be in New York.a - Mustb - Canc - Shall37) He........to find the restaurant after asking two or three times.a - Was ableb - Couldn'tc - Could38) This book ..........at home.a - Must be readb - Have to be raedc - Has to bee read39) It .......snow in "El Cid " but it is not very probable.a - Mayb - Mightc - May be40) It........rain tomorrow.a - Mayb - Mustc - Can41) We........some money to buy a new fridge. Can we borrow from you?a - Need291

- Mustc - May42) You .......speak like this to your parents.a - Shallsb - Shouldn'tc - Shall43) I would........to have a better bike.a - Likeb - To likec - Liking44) Elda Shoes, .......I help you?a - Needb - Canc - Must45) I .....................buy the bread if you don't give me the money.a - Mustb - Can'tc - Can46) You ........teach me how to prepare a paella.a - Oughtb - Mustc - Need47) Your aunt is ill. We ........visit her.a - Canb - Should toc - Should48) You ......go to bed. You look very tired.a - Shouldb - Should toc - Ought49) We ought not to visit her. She........study.a - Hasb - Mustc - Have50) “Thou........not kill” is one of the ten commandments that God gave us.a - Willb - Shallc - Shan't51) ........we go to Panoramis?a - Able tob - Sahll292

c - Shall52) I promise that you ........have a motorbike if you pass all your exams.a - Shallb - Wouldc - Wont53) Students .........not use mobile phones during the lessons.a - Willb - Shallc - Wont54) No smoking.........be allowed in all the premises.a - Willb - Shallc - Is55) He ...........to have gone to Menorca instead of Ibiza.a - Oughtb - Ouhgtc - Outhgt56) You.........to visit your grandmother more often.a - Shallb - Shouldc - Ought57) ........you like to come with us to the cinema?a - Willb - Shallc - Would58) When my mother was young my grandmother ........look after her.a - Usedb - Wouldc - To59) You........treat everybody with respect.a - Hasb - Shouldc - Will60) If you.......see her tell her to phone me.a - Shouldb - Willc - Would61) You ........visit the dentist twice a year.a - Wouldb - Shouldc - Shall293

62) Why......you want to buy this? if it is of no use.a - Shallb - Willc - Should63) The man with the moustache and the golden watch........be his father.a - Mustb - Canc - Need64) You ..................smoke in the classes, it is forbidden.a - Must notb - Mustc - Can65) It .................rain tonight. It is very dark.a - Mayb - Maysc - Mights66) I .................................not go because I have not been invited.a - Mayb - Meic - Can294

Soluciones1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. B11. B 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. A 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. B21. A 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. C31. C 32. A 33. A 34. B 35. A 36. A 37. A 38. A 39. B 40. A41. A 42. B 43. A 44. B 45. B 46. B 47. C 48. A 49. B 50. B51. C 52. A 53. B 54. B 55. A 56. C 57. C 58. B 59. B 60. A61. B 62. C 63. A 64. A 65. A 66. A295

TABLA RESUMEN DE LOS VERBOS MODALESCan.Could.May.Habilidades.Petición de permiso.Imposibilidad.Habilidad en elpasado.Posibilidad.Imposibilidad.Sugerencias.Posibilidad.Permiso.ProhibiciónI can swim.Can I come in?He can’t go now.He could read Russian.They could be in Tokyo.I couldn’t buy the car.You could try next year.It may rain tomorrow.May I come in?You may not smoke here.Might. Posibilidad remota. It might snow.Will.Predicciones. They will come.Decisiones.I will buy a Harley.Would.Shall.ShouldOught to.Must.Have to.Peticiones formales.Acciones pasadas.Preferencias.Peticiones formales.Acciones futuras.Consejos.Obligación.Prohibiciones.Obligacionesimpuestas.Would you marry me?I would play tennis when I was 10.I would rather go to the cinema.Shall I open the window?I shall visit her.You should buy her a diamond.I must study.You must not go with that boy.You have to drive on the right.Be able to. Habilidades. He is able to make a cake.Must, can’t have +PP.May, mightCould,+ Have + ParticipioPasado.Deducciones.Deducciones dondeno tenemos muchaseguridad.They must have bought a newhouse.They can’t have come here thismorning.They may have gone.She could have seen her.Need. Necesidad. You are going to need a lot of help.Needn’t.Ausencia deYou needn’t come tomorrow.necesidad.QUESTION TAGS (COLETILLAS)296

• Son preguntas que sirven para confirmar una suposición. Tienen dospartes, si la primera es afirmativa, la segunda será negativa. Si la primeraes negativa, la segunda será afirmativa. Las frases con verbos auxiliares odefectivos forman la coletilla con el mismo verbo.You are from Petrel, aren't you?Tú eres de Petrel, ¿no es cierto?You aren’t from Petrel, are you?Tú no eres de Petrel, ¿verdad?She isn’t from Sax, is she?Ella no es de Sax, ¿verdad?He has a Harley, hasn't he?El tiene una Harley, ¿no es cierto?You can swim, can't you?Tú sabes nadar, ¿verdad?She couldn't run fast, could she?Ella no podía correr deprisa, ¿no es cierto?• Con los demás verbos se usan las partículas do, does, en presente.You study every day, don't you?Tú estudias todos los días, ¿no?She plays golf, doesn't she?Ella juega al golf ¿verdad?You don't speak Chinese, do you?Tú no sabes hablar chino ¿verdad?She doesn't write very well, does she?Ella no escribe muy bien. ¿verdad?• En pasado se usa did.You went to Milan, didn't you?Fuiste a Milán, ¿no es verdad?She prepared a paella, didn't she?297

Ella hizo la paella, ¿verdad?• En futuro se usa will y won't.They will come tomorrow, won't they?Vendrán mañana, ¿no es cierto?They won't come tomorrow, will they?No vendrán mañana, ¿verdad?• En condicional se usa would.They would buy it if they could, wouldn't they?Ellos lo comprarían si pudieran, ¿verdad?She wouldn't buy it, would she?Ella no lo compraría, ¿verdad?298

SAY Y TELL• Tienen el mismo siginificado, decir y contar. To tell debe ir acompañado deun complemento indirecto, mientras que to say tan solo necesita uncomplemento directo.I told her your storyLe conté a ella tu historia.I told your story to her.Le conté tu historia a ella.I said that I was going to move to Sax.Dije que me iba a ir a vivir a Sax.299

1) What did the teacher ........yesterday?a - Sayb - Tellc - Said2) What did your mother .......to you?a - Sayb - Tellc - Speak3) Please ...............what happened?a - Sayb - Tellc - Speak4) I will never....................a lie.a - Sayb - Tellc - Count5) Will you please ................us all the truth?a - Sayb - Tellc - Speak6) He didn't ...................anything.a - Sayb - Tellc - Count7) Yesterday Mr García .......it was going to rain.a - Sayb - Saidc - Tells8) .........a joke.a - Sayb - Tellc - Count9) You've ........me that at least six times today.a - Tellb - Tollenc - Told10) She is always asking you to .........her words in Italian.a - Sayb - Tellc - Speak11) My mother wants to see Sarah.................to come her at once.300

a - Tell herb - Let herc - Let she12) Did Pedro Civera ........anything about the exams?a - Tellb - Speakc - Say13) ........me what happened yesterday.a - Sayb - Tellc - Speak14) Don't..........you don't like good wine.a - Sayb - Tellc - Speak15) I........my mother I wanted to be an artist.a - Saidb - Toldc - Spoke16) What did she........?a - Sayb - Tellc - Speak17) He.........that he wants to go to Alicante.a - Tellsb - Saysc - Speaks18) Don't ........it to your friends.a - Sayb - Tellc - Speak19) I.........my daughter a story every night.a - Speakb - Sayc - Tell20) She never..........lies.a - Saysb - Tellsc - Speaks21) We always...............the truth.301

a - Tellb - Speakc - Say22) I ...............them I was going to Australia.a - Toldb - Tellc – Said23) He........his wife he had had an affair with her best friend.a - Saidb - Toldc - Spoke24) .......me the truth please.a - Sayb - Speakc - Tell25) They.......................that it was very cold in Disneyland Paris.a - Saidb - Saydc - Told26) He ...........to the waiter that the wine was not very good.a - Toldb - Saidc - Sayd27) He......so.a - Saidb - Sayc - Told28) She always......us the story of her childhood in Salinas.a - Tellb - Tellsc - Says29) It is not easy to.........how it all began.a - Sayb - Countc - Speak30) He ...........the secretary to send the faxes.a - Toldb - Saidc - Order31) My mother ....... "Let's visit the cousins "302

a - Saidb - Toldc - Sayd32) I know two twin sisters in the Plaza Mayor who are very difficultto...................one from the other.a - Tellb - Sayc - Mutter33) Life is not easy. You can never..........what is going to happen.a - Sayb - Tellc - Knows34) When I went to England, a friend .....................me my fortune.a - Saidb - Toldc - Explaind35) "It has been the best day of my life "......my sister.a - Toldb - Saidc - Gueses36) The teacher......to the class that they should work more.a - Saidb - Toldc - Manded37) It goes without........a - Tellingb - Sayingc - Explainig303

Soluciones1. A 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. B11. A 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. B 16. A 17. B 18. B 19. C 20. B21. A 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. A31. A 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. B 36. A 37. B304

MAKE Y DO• Estos dos verbos comparten el significado de hacer y para cuyo uso noexisten reglas aunque to make tiene el matiz de fabricar, construir y to dose emplea con un sentido más general. Por lo tanto se deben aprenderciertas expresiones.MAKEEverybody makes mistakes.Todo el mundo comete errores.He is always making friends.Siempre está haciendo amigos.He makes a lot of noise.Hace mucho ruido.I´m going to make you my last offer.Te voy a hacer mi última oferta.I make many telephone calls.Yo hago muchas llamadas.I make the beds in the morning.Hago las camas por la mañana.Make me a promise.Prométemelo.She is making coffee.Está preparando caféShe made a fortune in Cuba.Hizo una fortuna en Cuba.These shoes are made in Elda.Estos zapatos están hechos en Elda.They have made a lot of money.Han hecho mucho dinero.They made a good choice.Hicieron una buena elección.DOI always do the ironing.Siempre plancho.How do you do?¿Cómo estás?I do the cooking.Cocino.We do business with Japan.Hacemos negocios con Japón.His son is doing badly at university.A su hijo le va mal en la universidad.He does well in his job.Lo hace bien en su trabajo.I do the dusting on Tuesday.Quito el polvo los martes.My sister does the washing up.Mi hermana lava los platos.She did her hair yesterday.Se arregló el pelo ayer.She does the housework.Ella hace las tareas del hogar.We do the shopping on Saturday.Hacemos la compra el sábado.They did me a favour.Me hicieron un favor.305

They made fun of the new pupil.Se rieron del nuevo alumno.This will do you good.Esto te sentará bien.They made us wait.Nos hicieron esperar.We made a complaint yesterday.Nos quejamos ayer.We made sure everything was OK.Nos aseguramos de que todo estababien.You have to make a decision.Tienes que decidirte.You will have to make an effort.Tendrás que hacer un esfuerzo.Make arrangements, we are going toParis.Haz los preparativos, nos vamos aParis.This pill won’t do you any harm.Esta pastilla no te hará mal.I will do the cleaning.Haré la limpieza.Everyday I do the washing.Cada día hago la colada.Englishmen do the gardening onSundayLos ingleses arreglan el jardín losdomingos.He doesn’t do any exercise.No hace nada de ejercicio.She is doing up the house.Está decorando la casa.The Mayor made a good speech.El alcalde hizo un buen discurso.Make up your mind and buy thehouse.Decídete y cómprate el piso.They made love.Hicieron el amor.They made war.Hicieron la guerra.306

1) What is she.....................in summer?a - Makingb - Doesc - Doing2) Is there anyhing to.....................here in this city?a - Dob - Makec - Making3) I hate ........................the housework.a - Doingb - Makingc - Do4) I am .........................my exercises now.a - Doingb - Makingc - Does5) I always.....................my bed.a - Makeb - Doc - Doing6) They were....................a fire yesterday.a – Madeb - Makingc - Doing7) If you want to................progress you have to study a lot.a - Madeb - Makec - Do8) The first thing that you must.....................is your homework.a - Dob - Makec - Does9) I never..................coffee.a - Dob - Makec - Does10) I prefer...................the shopping.a - Doingb - Makingc - Diding11) Elena always.....................the ironing.307

a - Doesb - Makesc - To make12) You have to......................room for another desk.a - Dob - Makec - Does13) They always...................so much noise!!!a - Makeb - Doc - Does14) He ............a very good speech in Novelda about Gaudí.a - Madeb - Didc - Do15) Why don't we.....................a cake?a - Dob - Makec - Does16) They..................friends very soon.a - Dob - Makec - Does17) Hippies said. "...............love not war "a - Dob - Makec - Does18) I was................the washing up when my boss phoned me.a - Doingb - Makingc - Diding19) It will ............you good to go to the beach.a - Dob - Makec - Does20) You must .........it for us.a - Makeb - Makesc - Made21) I'm ..............the Christmas cake.a - Making308

- Doingc - Madeing22) .................sure you have everything you need.a - Isb - Makec - Do23) All right, but .........sure you put plenty of suncream on or you will get burnt.a - Dob - Arec - Make24) I'm going to ....................coffee.a - Madeb - Doc - Make25) You should ......an effort now.a - Makeb - Doc - Made26) People ...........a lot of money selling shoes to The USA in the 60s.a - Madeb - Makec - Did27) ......sure everything is in order.a - Makeb - Doc - Is28) I have................the decision of going back to teaching again.a - Dob - Donec - Made29) She is always........................friends.a - Doingb - Madec - Making30) My daughters..................so much noise!a - Dob - Makec - Making31) I............some cakes for my guests.a - Did309

- Madec - Maded32) What are you..................? -Just reading the paper.a - Makingb - Doingc - Make33) The doctor always .................wait a lot.a - Doesb – Makesc - Making310

Soluciones1. C 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. A11. A 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. B 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. A21. A 22. B 23. C 24. C 25. A 26. A 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. B31. B 32. B 33. B311

EXCLAMACIONES• Las oraciones exclamativas pueden tener alguna de las siguientesestructuras.What a.Se usa con sustantivos.What a yacht.Qué yate.También con adjetivosWhat.Se usa con plurales e incontables.What a pretty girl.Qué chica tan guapa.What pretty girls.Qué chicas tan guapas.What horribe films.Qué películas más malas.What weather.Qué tiempo.How.Se usa con adjetivos y adverbios.How beautiful.Qué guapa.How fast.Qué rápido.Oraciones interrogativas negativas. Isn’t he the perfectfootball player?¿No es él el perfectojugador de fútbol?312

ORACIONES CONDICIONALES• Describen situaciones hipotéticas. Podemos distinguir básicamente trestipos de oraciones condicionales: el primer tipo plantea situciones reales. Elsegundo, indica hipótesis, deseos difíciles de conseguir pero posibles. Eltercer tipo, hace referencia a situaciones e hipótesis irreales e imposibles enel pasado, imposibles de conseguir.PRIMER TIPO SEGUNDO TIPO TERCER TIPOAcciones probables quese refieren al presente oal futuro.Acciones improbables ysituaciones hipotéticas.Acciones imposibles.Si llueve me mojo. Si lloviera me mojaría. Si hubiera llovido mehabría mojado.• No importa qué oración se pone primero, pero sí la condición es la primerase deben separar entre comas.If you play tennis, buy good tennis shoes.Si juegas al tenis, cómprate una buenas zapatillas.Primer tipo: If + presente + presente.También podemos tener:If + presente + futuro.If I eat chocolate, I get fat.Si como chocolate engordo.If I eat chocolate, I will get fat.Si como chocolate engordaré.Segundo tipo: If + pasado simple +conditional simple.Tercer tipo: If + pasado perfecto +condicional perfecto.If I ate chocolate, I would get fat.Si comiera chocolate engordaría.If I had eaten chocolate, I would haveget fat.Si hubiera comido chocolate habríaengordado.313

• En el primer tipo se trata de una referencia al futuro donde cualquiera delas dos acciones puede ir en primer lugar. Indica verdades universales yconsecuciones lógicas de acontecimietos. Son acciones que puedenocurrir.If he doesn’t pay, he’ll have to face the music.Si no paga, tendrá que afrontar las consecuencias.Existen otras posibles combinaciones:If + presente + modal.should + imperativo.Imperativo + conjunction + clauseUnless se suele emplear en lugar de ifnot.If I finish early I can go.Si acabo pronto podré ir.Should you see her give her myregards.Si la ves, dale recuerdos.Stop shouting or I will get angry.Para de gritar o me enfadaré.We won’t go out unless you pay.No nos iremos a menos de quepagues.Con imperativo. If you are hungry, eat something !Si tienes hambre, come.Travel the world if you want to be wise.Si quieres ser sabio, viaja.• Cualquiera de las dos oraciones puede ir colocada en primer lugar, pero sila subordinada que empieza con if va la primera, debe ir seguida decoma.Las oraciones del segundo tipo expresan acciones que pueden ocurrir.Expresan deseos y anhelos.If el Fari came here, I would ask for an autograph.Si el Fari viniera le pediría un autográfo.• También se usan para dar consejos.314

If I were you, I wouldn’t go out with him.Yo de tí no iría con él.• Were se puede usar en lugar de was. No hay diferencia en el significado,pero were es más formal, y se usa para posibilidades remotas:If I were rich, I would not buy a yacht.Si fuera rico no me compraría un yate.• También expresan esperanzas y deseos.If I could, I would go to Mexico.Si pudiera, iría a Méjico.• Este tipo suele referirse al presente.• Could y might se pueden usar en lugar de would.• Las oraciones del tercer tipo hacen referencia a acciones imposibles derealizar, pues son hipótesis en el pasado, lamentos, etc.If I had met her, I would have told you.Si la hubiera visto, te lo habría dicho.OTRAS FORMAS DE CONDICIONALES:Suppose.Suppose you are rich, would you livein a big house?Suponiendo que fueras rico, ¿Viviríasen una casa grande?Suppose he comes, would you visithim?Supón que viene, ¿le visitarías?Supposing.As long as.Supposing you find a wallet withmoney, what will you do?Suponiendo que encuentras unacartera con dinero, ¿Qué harías?You could go as long as you pay yourpart.Podrás ir mientras pagues tu parte.315

On the condition that.Provided.On the condition that you pay you canbe with us.Con la condición de que paguespuedes estar con nosotros.Provided you want it I will give it to you.Si lo quieres te lo daré.316

1) If you eat all these cakes you...............................................ill.a - Areb - Will bec - Is2) If I want to go with you I ...............................................you tonight.a - Would telephoneb - Will telephonec - Had telephoned3) If you had read Mortadelo you.........a good time.a - Would have hadb - Will have hadc - Will had have4) If you clean my bike I .............................you to go to the cinema.a - Invitesb - Invitec - Invited5) I .........................you my car if you pay the petrol.a - Would lendb - Will lendingc - Lend6) If you say that again she...........................................crossed with you.a - Isb - Will bec - Would be7) Unless you study everyday you ....................................able to pass the exam.a - Would not beb - Will not bec - Shall be not8) If you put ice in the sun it..............................................to water.a - Turnb - Turnsc - Turning9) If the house...........................................on fire call the firemen.a - Gob - Goingc - Goes10) If you...........................................this one I'll bring you another.a - Doesn't likeb - Didn't likec - Don't like11) British people .....................................to Alicante because of the climate.317

a - Comeb - Comesc – Coming12) If I had money I.........................................a new computer and a Harley.a - Will buyb - Would buyc - Would bought13) If he ...............................................eating chocolates he will get fat.a - Don't stopb - Doesn't stopc - Didn't stop14) If I ................................................studied I would get a better job.a - Hasb - Havec - Had15) If it ............more we could grow more trees.a - Rainb - Rainedc - Raining16) If I had known that you wanted to eat out I ......to book a table in arestaurant.a - Will has telephonedb - Would have telephonedc - Will have telephone17) I.............................you something if I had known that you wanted a drink.a - Would have broughtb - Had broughtc - Will bring18) If I had known that you had a new house I..............................to visit you.a - Will have goneb - Would have gonec - Would have went19) If the boss had been a good one, this shop.................................a - Wouldn't have closedb - Would has closedc - Will have close20) If you had studied more you.......................................your degree last year.a - Would have gotb - Would has gotc - Will had got318

21) If you...........................here this morning you would have seen my new car.a - Had beenb - Had beingc - Had be22) If I had bought lottery yesterday, today I..............................................rich.a - Would have beingb - Will have beenc - Would have been23) If they had offered him to be the President of the club he...............................a - Would have acceptedb - Will have acceptedc - Had accepted24) If I had known that they were in Elda l...............them to have lunch in LaSirena.a - Willl have invitedb - Would have invitedc - Had invited25) If I had known that Penelope Cruz was invited to this party I..........................earlier.a - Would have comeb – Have tohave camec - Will had come26) If I had know that Benidorm had so many discoes I.......................a - Would has goneb - Would have wentc - Would have gone27) If you ........the bean, it means you are going to pay "the roscón ".a - Findb - Foundc - Had found28) Well, you have to study a lot, if you ...........to get into a good university.a - Wantb - Wantedc - Wants29) Don't ring ...........................there is anything you need.a - Unlessb - Orc - Both30) If I could, I ......................go to Continente with you, darling.a - Wentb - Must319

c - Would31) What ....................if you won the lottery?a - You dob - Would you doc - Had you done32) If I were you, I .............work in that bank anymore.a - Wouldb - Wouldn'tc - Can33) If I were you I ........buy the house today.a - Willb - Wouldc - Must34) If you study, you...............pass all the subjects with flying colours.a - Willb - Canc - Would35) If you ...............worried, tell your mother about it.a - Wereb - Arec - Had been36) If you................earlier tonight, we could go to the cinema.a - Comeb - Camec - Comes37) If I ............too much chocolate I get fat.a - Eatb - Atec - Would eat38) ......he rich he would buy a Mercedes.a - Wasb - Werec - Is39) ......you tell me the truth you will be punished.a - As long asb - Unlessc - In order to40) I paid a lot of money......that you repaired my car.a - On condition thatb - With the condition that320

c - At the condition of41) ......you pay there is no problem.a - As long asb - So longc - With as42) .........Antonio had won the elections what would have happened?a - Supposeb - Supponingc - Supposing43) ........that Pepe were rich he would not be here.a - Providesb - Providedc - Providind44) ..........Manolo the Mayor, nothing of this kind would happen.a - Isb - Arec - WereSoluciones1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. C11. A 12. B 13. B 14. C 15. B 16. B 17. A 18. B 19. A 20. A21. A 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. A 28. A 29. B 30. C31. B 32. B 33. B 34. A 35. B 36. B 37. A 38. B 39. B 40. A41. A 42. C 43. B 44. C321

LA VOZ PASIVA• Se usa para resaltar más la acción que el sujeto. Puede quedesconozcamos al autor de la acción o que no nos interese.• La voz pasiva en inglés se usa mucho más que en castellano. Se forma conel auxiliar to be en el mismo timepo que el verbo de la forma activa y elparticipio pasado del verbo que se conjuga.• En la transformación a pasiva se produce un cambio de sujeto, quelógicamente, debemos hacer concordar con el verbo.ACTIVAPresente SimplePASIVAI eat bread with olive oil.Bread with olive oil is eaten.El pan con aceite escomido.Pasado SimpleI ate bread with olive oil.Bread with olive oil waseaten.El pan con aceite fuecomido.Futuro SimpleI will buy a car.A car will be bought.Un coche será comprado.Condicional SimpleI would eat a sandwich.A sandwich would be eaten.Un bocadillo será comido.Presente PerfectoI have made a photograph.A photograph has beenmade.Una fotografía ha sidohecha.322

Pasado PerfectoI had found a wallet.A wallet had been found.Se había encontrado unacartera.Futuro PerfectoI will have seen the sea.The sea will have been seen.El mar habrá sido visto.Condicional PerfectoI would have bought aCadillac.A Cadillac would have been bought.Un Cadillac habrá sido comprado.• Usamos la preposición by para indicar el complemento agenteIt was done by my mother.Fue hecho por mi madre.• Los siguientes verbos llevan complemento directo e indirecto. Con estosverbos se puede usar el complemento indirecto como sujeto al transformarlas oraciones a pasiva. Esto no ocurre en español.Give.Dar.Lend.Prestar.Offer.Ofrecer.Pay.Pagar.Promise.Prometer.Refuse.Negarse a.Send.Enviar.Show.Mostrar.I gave Mary a kiss.I showed my friend my house.Mary was given a kiss.Le dieron un beso a María.My friend was shown my house.A mi amiga le fue enseñada la casa.• Si el complemento es un pronombre complemento. Him, them, her, etc., enla oración pasiva, éste complemento pasará a la forma de sujeto.323

He gave her a rose.She was given a rose.Se le dio una rosa.• También se suelen usar los siguientes verbos en estructuras pasivas:To know.Saber.To believe.Creer.To think.Pensar.To consider.Considerar.To say.Decir.It is said that he is going to be promoted.Se dice que le van a ascender.1) The book ..........by Emilio Maestre.a - Was writeb - Was writtenc - Was to written2) Those pictures .....................by my mother.a - Were takenb - Tookc - Tooks3) The streets ...........decorated.a - Areb - Isc - Will4) Shoes are traditionally .............with leather.a - Madeb - Makesc - Mades5) Ham in Spain is .......as a starter.a - Eatb - Eatenc - Ate6) I was........a very nice present in my last birthday.a - Gaveb - Givenc - To give7) The boy is .........Pepet and his sister María.a - Callesb - Calledc - Calling8) "The Roscón " has things ..........in it.324

a - Hideb - Hidc - Hidden9) It's very difficult to get ...............in a school like that.a - Acceptb - Acceptedc - Accpeting10) When we stay up late studying we phone and have one pizza ..........a - Deliveredb - Deliveresc - Delivering11) My brother-in-law Jesus wrote this article. It ...................by him.a - Is wittenb - Was wrltec - Was written12) Plaza Mayor .......in 1996.a - Was builtb - Will be builtc - Built13) Barcelona scored seven goals yesterday. All ........by Ronaldo.a - Were scoredb - Scoredc - Will be scored14) She's .........to watch TV on Friday.a - Allowedb - Alloweedc - Alowed15) All the shoes were........during the shoe fair in Milan.a - Sellb - Soldc - Selling16) Many boxes are..........due to bad handling.a - Damagedb - Damagec - Damaging17) People from Elda are........to be very hardworking.a - Sayb - Saysc - Said18) The best shoes are......here in Elda.325

a - Makeb - Makingc - Made19) The fire was......by an electrical fault.a - Causingb - Causesc - Caused20) The leathers were.........from Italy as usual.a - Importb - Importtedc - Imported21) Hotels for the shoe fairs must be......well in advance.a - Bookb - Bookedc - Boked22) Someone has......................the book from the library.a - Stealb - Stolec - Stolen326

Soluciones1. B 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. A11. C 12. A 13. A 14. A 15. B 16. A 17. C 18. C 19. C 20. C21. B 22. C327

EL ESTILO INDIRECTO• Para contar lo que dijo alguien, podemos hacerlo de dos maneras,repitiendo las palabras exactas, o usando el estilo indirecto.• Como se utiliza para contar lo que sucedió, los verbos suelen ir en pasado.• En estilo indirecto la frase suele empezar con un verbo como:Say.DecirTell.Contar.Ask.Preguntar.Inquire.Solicitar.Think.Pensar.Explain.Explicar.Complain.Quejarse.Warn.Advertir.Point out.Señalar.Remark.Remarcar.Declare.Declarar.State.Afirmar.Announce.Anunciar.Protest.Protestar.Claim.Reclamar.• El tiempo de lo narrado da un salto hacia atrás y las preguntas dejan deserlo. También debemos de tener en cuenta una serie de cambios: enexpresiones temporales, en los tiempos verbales y en los pronombres.Presente Simple.I live in Elda.Presente Continuo.I am reading a book.Presente Perfecto Simple.I have bought a car.Presente Perfecto Continuo.I have been working with him.Pasado Simple.Pasado Simple.He said he lived in Elda.Pasado Continuo.He said he was reading a book.Pasado Perfecto Simple.He said he had bought a car.Pasado Perfecto Continuo.He said he had been working withhim.Pasado Perfecto.328

I went to London.Pasado Continuo.I was writing a letter.Pasado Perfecto.I had been there.Pasado Perfecto Continuo.I had been waiting for you.Futuro Simple.I will live in Alicante.Futuro Continuo.I will be singing in a karaoke.Can.I can swim.Shall.I shall do it.May.It may rain today.Must. Have To.I must study.He said he had gone to London.Pasado Perfecto Continuo.He said he had been writing a letter.Pasado Perfecto.He said he had been there.Pasado Perfecto Continuo.He said he had been waiting for him.Condicional Simple.He said he would live in Alicante.Condicional Continuo.He said he would be singing in akaraoke.Could.He said he could swim.Should.He said he should do it.Might.He said it might rain that day.Had To.He said he had to study.Now.I am happy now.Then.He said he was happy then.329

Today.I am sad today.Yesterday.Yesterday I went to Madrid.Tomorrow.I will go to Valencia tomorrow.Next week.Next week I will be in Milan.Last week.I cooked paella last week.A Week Ago.That day.He said he was sad that day.The day before, The previous day.He said he had gone to Madrid theprevious day.The next day.The following day.The day after.He said he would go to Valencia theday after.The following week.He said he would be in Milan thefollowing week.The previous week.He said he had cooked paella theprevious week.The Week Before.A week ago I played tennis in Almeria. He said he had played tennis inAlmería the week before.This.I am going to buy this.These.These are my friends.Here.I live here.That.He said he was going to buy that.Those.He said that those were his friends.There.He said he lived there.330

Now.Now I want a coffee.Then.He said that then he wanted a coffee.• Las ordenes tambien sufren modificaciones: Debemos cambiar elimperativo por infinitivoGo out.Drink the mik.Go out.He told us to go out.Nos dijo que nos fueramos.He ordered me to drink the milk.Me ordenó que me bebiera la leche.He invited me to go out.Me invitó a que saliera.• Las órdenes negativas generalmente se expresan con not + infinitive.Don’t smoke in the corridor.He ordered us not to smoke in thecorridor.Nos ordenó que no fumaramos en elpasillo.• Las sugerencias con let’s se intoducen con el verbo suggest que puedetener dos construcciones. Seguido de gerundio o con una oraciónsubordinada introducida por that.Let’s take a taxi.He suggested taking a taxi.Él sugirió coger un taxi.He suggested that we should take ataxi.Sugirió que deberíamos coger un taxi.• En las preguntas, además de cambiar los tiempos se omite el signo deinterrogación y se usa el orden de la afirmativa.What does she do?He asked what she did.331

El preguntó qué hacía.When did you go to Petrel?He asked me when I had gone toPetrel.Me preguntó cuándo había ido yo aPetrel.• Cuando en el estilo directo se hagan preguntas, en el indirecto debemosutilizar inquire, wonder, want to know, etc.Where's Mary?How can I go to Elche?Why do you smoke?He asked where Mary was.Me preguntó dónde estaba María.He asked me how he could go toElche?Me preguntó cómo podría ir a Elche.He wanted to know why I smoked.El quería saber por qué fumaba yo.• Cuando no empleemos un pronombre interrogativo usaremos if o whether.Is anyone interested in coming?¿Está alguien interesado en venir?He asked whether anyone was interested in going.El preguntó si alguien estaba interesado en ir.332

EL GERUNDIO• En inglés se puede usar comoSujeto de una oración.Complemento directo.Con ciertos verbos.Swimming is very good.La natación es muy buena.I like reading the paper.Me gusta leer el periódico.I avoid going out at night alone.Evito salir solo por la noche.I keep on dancing on Saturday.Sigo bailando el sábado.En prohibiciones.No cycling.Prohibido ir en bicicleta.Detrás de las preposiciones. I gave up smoking in 1998.Dejé de fumar en 1998.Detrás de after, before, since, when,while.Before eating I have a coke.Antes de comer tomo una coca-cola.After eating I sleep siesta.Después de comer duermo la siesta.333

1) There's sure ................a long line for the concert.a - To beb - To havec - There is2) Wasn't it worth .................all those cars?a - Washingb - Washc - Washed3) ...............in a pub or a pizzeria is good for me.a - Workb - Workingc - Works4) It was difficult at first..........to live alone in England.a - Haveb - Hasc - Having5) I don't mind ............the same clothes everyday.a - Wearingb - Wearc - Weared6) I hate going ............on Saturday.a - Shopsb - Shoppingc - Shopper7) I will get ............to living in Alicante very soon.a - Useb - Usedc - Uses8) I just love ..............all the people and listening to the music.a - Watchingb - Watchc - Watched9) I will not get ...........to living in England in winter.a - Useb - Usingc - Used10) Imagine .........to work in the Sahara.a - Haveb - Havingc - Has11) I've got ...........to it.334

a - Usedb - Usec - Using12) I am going to get ............to getting up early willy nilly.a - Usedb - Usec - Using13) I like........in the kitchen.a - Helpb - Helpingc - To helping14) My wife has never liked .........to the opera.a - Goneb - Goingc - Went15) I like........a - Readb - To readc - Reading16) She hates.......a - Washb - Washingc - Washed17) I prefer......a - Swimmingb - Swimc - Going swim18) I went to England.............English.a - To learnb - Learnc - Learning19) My sister wants......a cottage.a - To buyb - Buyc - Buying20) They have nowhere........a - To gob - Goc - Going21) My sister is not easy .......335

a - Convincingb - To convincec - Convince22) May I.......a - To gob - Goc - Went23) Does she ......chocolate?a - To likeb - Likeingc - Like24) Do........home now it's very late!a - Gob - To goc - Goed25) Paco Claros ........me laugh.a - Makesb - To makec - To made26) We'd rather.........home.a - To stayb - Stayc - Staying27) Why .......him about the accident?a - To tellb - Tellc - Telling28) My keys are ........found.a - Beb - To bec - Beeing29) There are many letters........written.a - Beb - To bec - Being30) I went to the disco.......a - To danceb - Dancec - Dancing31) My family couldn't...................to buy a car.a - Afford336

- To affordc - Affording32) I ...............................to buy the house for a cuartelillo.a - Agreeb - To agreec - Agreeing33) You ..................to go tomorrow to the meeting.a - Areb - Bec – Was34) I have decided .................a new bike.a - Buyingb - Buyc - To buy35) They deserve.......................treated better.a - Beb - To bec - Being36) My brother happened .......................Paloma in the cinema.a - Meetb - To meetc - Meeting37) I have planned....................on holidays to Menorca In spring.a - Gob - To goc - Going38) She pretended not ........................them in the street.a - To seeb - Seec - Seeing39) I refused.............the bill because it was very expensive.a - Payingb - Payc - To pay40) In court you must ........................the truth.a - Swearb - Swearingc - To swear41) Please remind me...................the new customers.a - Call337

- Callingc - To call42) You had better...........................the car now. Next year the prices will go up.a - To buyb - Buyc - Buying43) She can ............better than last year.a - Swimb - To swimc - Swimming44) He must......................hard if he wants o pass the exams.a - To studyb - Studyc - Studying45) She would rather........................the night in Alicante than in London.a - Spentb - Spendc - Soending46) Yo must avoid........................to him.a - Speakingb - To speakc - Speak47) He admitted.......................the jewels.a - Stealingb - Stealc - To steal48) We can't help.....................chocolate after lunch.a - Eatb - To eatc - Eating49) My sister hates..........................to the beach.a - To gob - Goc - Going50) I finished................the novel last summer.a - Writingb - To writec - Write51) I don't mind..........................to wait.a - To haveb - Having338

c - Have52) She misses..........................to the mountains now that she is 89.a - Gob - Goesc - Going53) I suggest.............................to a good restaurant.a - To gob - Goingc - Go54) I am used to............................at night.a - Driveb - Drivingc - To drive55) They boast of.............................the best beaches in the province.a - Haveb - To havec - Having56) It consists of.............................many problems.a - Solveb - Solvingc - To solve57) She dreams of.................................an actress.a - Becomingb - Becomec - To become58) I gave up......................last year.a - Smokingb - To smokec - Smoke59) They ended by...........that the goal was scored when the match hadfinished.a - Sayb - Sayingc - To say60) We are looking forward to........................to Madrid.a - Goingb - To goc - Go61) Refrain from...........................a - Smokeb - Smoking339

c - To smoke62) We are thinking of...........................a bigger flat.a - Buyb - To buyc - Buying63) I will never forget........................in London.a - Walkb - Walkingc - To walk340

Soluciones1. A 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. B11. A 12. A 13. B 14. B 15. C 16. B 17. A 18. A 19. A 20. A21. B 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. B 29. B 30. A31. A 32. A 33. A 34. C 35. B 36. B 37. B 38. A 39. C 40. C41. C 42. B 43. A 44. B 45. B 46. A 47. A 48. C 49. C 50. A51. B 52. C 53. B 54. B 55. C 56. B 57. A 58. A 59. B 60. A61. B 62. C 63. B341

EL INFINITIVO• Se empleaDetrás de algunos verbos: afford(permitirse), agree (estar de acuerdo),learn (aprender), want (querer), wish(desear), prepare (preparar).I learnt to drive in 1977.Aprendí a conducir en 1977.Detrás de adjetivos como: sad, ready,easy.It is difficult to translate Latin.Es difícill traducir Latín.It is sad to sayEs triste decirlo.It is easy to memorize.Es fácil de memorizar.Detrás de “enough”.Con: order, invite, tell, etcCon los verbos modales.He has enough to live on his own.Tiene suficiente para vivir por sucuenta.They invited me to parade inVillena.Me invitaron a desfilar en Villena.I can swim.Sé nadar.I must go.Debo ir.Como sujeto.To walk is good.Andar es bueno.VERBOS SEGUIDOS DE GERUNDIO OINFINITIVO• Algunos verbos siempre van en gerundio y otros siempre van en infinitivo.Otros como: advise (aconsejar), allow (permitir), permit (permitir), begin(empezar), continue (continuar), intend (tener la intención de), love342

(amar), prefer (preferir), hate (odiar) etc, pueden ir seguidos de gerundio ode infinitivo sin cambiar el significado.I started smoking at 17.Empecé a fumar a los 17.I started to smoke at 17.Empecé a fumar a los 17.• Otros, como: stop (parar), remember (recordar), forget (olvidar), regret(lamentar), pueden ir seguidos tanto por un gerundio como por uninfinitivo, pero con sentidos diferentes.Stop.I stopped to smoke.Paré para fumar.I stopped smoking.Dejé de fumar.Forget.I forgot to post the letter.Olvidé echar la carta.I will never forget visiting my uncle.Nunca olvidaré visitar a mi tío.Regret.I regret doing this.Lamento hacer esto.I regret to tell you this.Lamento tener que decirte esto.Remember.I remember swimming in the lake.Recuerdo cuando nadaba en el lago.Remember to buy bread.No te olvides de comprar el pan.Try.I tried to buy it.Intenté comprarlo.I tried working as a lawyer but I didn’tlike it.Intenté trabajar de abogado pero nome gustaba.343

VERBOS SEGUIDOS POR INFINITIVOAfford.Permitirse.Arrange.Preparar.Care.Cuidar.Decide.Decidir.Forget.Olvidar.Agree.Estar deacuerdo.Appear.Aparecer.Ask.Pedir.Beg.Suplicar.Claim.Reclamar.Consent.Consentir.Deserve.Merecer.Expect.Esperar.Hope.Desear.Manage.Arreglarselas.Mean.Querer decir.Offer.Ofrecer.Pretend.Fingir.Refuse.Negar.Remember.Recordar.Need.NecesitarStop.Parar.Swear.Jurar.Wait.Esperar.Want.Querer.Seem.Parecer.Wish.Desear.VERBOS SEGUIDOS POR GERUNDIOAdmit.Admitir.Avoid.Evitar.Dislike.Disgustar.Enjoy.Disfrutar.Finish.Acabar.Advise.Aconsejar.Anticipate.Anticiparse.Complete.Completar.Delay.Retrasar.Forget.Olvidar.Regret.Lamentar.Miss.Echar demenos.Resist.Resistir.Quit.Abandonar.Understand.Comprender.344

ESTRUCTURAS DE INTERESWHAT IS LIKE?• Se utiliza para recabar información sobre el aspecto físico de alguien puespara saber cómo es alguien de carácter usamos how.What is your girlfriend like?¿Cómo es físicamente tu chica?She is very pretty.Ella es muy guapa.How is she?¿Cómo está ella?Very well, thank you.Muy bien gracias.• Las siguientes estructuras nos serán de utilidad a la hora de formulardeseos, quejas etc.Wish.Expresa deseos, para su traducción sedebe usar el subjuntivo.I wish I had lived in America.Ojalá hubiera vivido en América.I wish you would be rich.Ojalá fueras rico.Would like.I wish you were quiet.Ojalá te estuvieras quieto.I would like to go to Paris.Me gustaría ir a Paris.I would like you to come with me.Me gustaría que vinieras conmigo.I would like a sandwich.Me gustaría comerme un bocadillo.345

Would prefer.I’d prefer a coffee.Preferiría un café.I would prefer to go with you.Preferiría ir contigo.Prefer.I prefer tea to coffee.Prefiero el té al café.I prefer swimming to running.Prefiero nadar a correr.I prefer to stay at home.Prefiero quedarme en casa.If only.If only she would stop complaining.Con tan sólo que dejara de quejarse.If only he would do what he has to do.Con tan sólo que hiciera lo que tieneque hacer.Would rather.I’d rather not go.Preferiría no ir.I’d rather not go now.Preferiría no ir ahora.Had better.It's time.I had better go to have a drink.Preferiría ir a tomar una copa.It's time to eat.Es hora de comer.It's time for us to eat.Es hora de que comamos.It's time we ate.Es hora de que comamos.It's about time.Used to.It’s about time he came.Ya es hora de que venga.He used to drink quite a lot.Él solía beber mucho.346

I used to wear glasses, but now I usecontact lenses.Yo solía llevar gafas pero ahora usolentillas.To be used to.Enough.I am used to reading the paper.Estoy acostumbrado a leer elperiódico.I have enough money.Tengo suficiente dinero.I am rich enough.Soy lo suficientemente rico.Too.Fairly.Quite.Rather.Pretty.She is too old to climb the mountain.Es demasido vieja para subir lasmontañas.He speaks English fairly well.Él habla inglés bastante bien.He speaks English quite well.Él habla inglés muy bien.He speaks English rather well.Él habla inglés muy bien.He speaks English pretty well.Él habla inglés muy bien.347

EL CAUSATIVO HAVE• Esta estructutura se usa para indicar que el que realiza la acción no es elsujeto sino otra persona. Se usan los verbos causativos have y get . Indicaacciones como cortarse el pelo, hacerse un empaste donde lógicamenteel sujeto no se hace un empaste ni se corta el pelo, sino que contrata unservicio.I have my hair cut every month.Me corto el pelo cada mes.I have my car repaired when it breaks down.Me reparan el coche cuando se estropea.• Esta estructura se puede usar en todos los tiempos.• En la interrogrativa y negativa utilizan los auxiliares, do, does, did.Did you have your tooth fill?¿Te hicieron un empaste?Do you have your carpets cleaned every year?¿Te limpian las alfombras cada año?348

VERBOS CON PREPOSICÓN• Muchos verbos ingleses van acompañados de preposiciones o adverbios. Siobservamos por ejemplo el verbo look y sus posibles combinaciones nosdaremos cuenta de que en muchos casos nos sería difícil averiguar elsignificado.I'm looking for a new job.Estoy buscando empleo.I am going to look up a word in the dictionary.Voy a buscar una palabra en el diccionario.We are looking forward to the festivities.Estamos esperando con deseo que lleguen las fiestas.• Los verbos con preposición se pueden dividir en: separables e inseparables.Serán separables si podemos colocar los complementos entre el verbo y lapreposición.I am going to put my coat on.Me voy a poner la chaqueta.I am going to put on my coat.Me voy a poner la chaqueta.• Algunos ejemplos con el verbo to come.Come across. Come along. Come off. Come out.Encontrarse. Venir. Desprenderse. Publicar.• Algunos ejemplos con to get .Get on. Get up. Get over. Get into. Get at.Llevarse bien. Levantarse. Recuperarse. Entrar. Llegar.Look up. Look after. Look forwardto.Look for.Look into.349

Mirar elsignificado deuna palabraen eldiccionario.Cuidar.Esperar condeseo.Buscar.Investigar.350

VERBOS Y ADJETIVOS CON PREPOSICIONES• Muchos verbos y adjetivos van siempre seguidos por una preposición:About.He is always dreaming about beingrich.Siempre sueña con ser rico.He is worried about the future.Está preocupado por el futuro.After.At.He is always looking after his daughter.Siempre cuida a su hija.He is good at Maths.Es bueno en matemáticas.He is bad at History.Es malo en historia.Look at me please.Mírame por favor.Don’t shout at me.No me chilles.For.I am ready for the party.Estoy listo para la fiesta.He is responsible for the damages.Es responsable de los daños.In.Of.I believe in God.Creo en Dios.He is fond of running.Le gusta correr.She is afraid of spiders.Le asustan las arañas.She is proud of her daughter.351

Está orgullosa de su hija.This consists of three parts.Tiene tres partes.I will remind him of his duties.Le recordaré sus obligaciones.On.That depends on you.Eso depende de ti.He insisted on going.Insistió en ir.To.He was married to Helen.Estaba casado con Helen.He was polite to the old man.Fue educado con el viejo.You must listen to me.Debes escucharme.With.He was angry with me.Estaba enfadado conmigo.I was satisfied with the work.Estaba satisfecho con el trabajo.I agree with you.Estoy de acuerdo contigo.352

CONTRACCIONES• Normalmente se usan en el lenguaje hablado. Recuerda que “-s” puedecorresponder a to be o to have pero sólo seguido de got o participio.He’s a boy. He is a boyÉl es un chicoHe’s got a car. He has got a car.Él tiene un coche.Del mismo modo “-d” puede ser la contracción de had o would.I’d gone there. I had gone there.Yo había ido.I’d like to go. I would like to go.Me gustaría ir.I’m.I’ve.I’ll.I’d.You’re.You’ve.You’ll.You’d.He’s.He’ll.He’d .She’s.I am.I have.I will.I had o I would.You are.You have.You will.You had o you would.He is o he has.He will.He had o he would.She is o she has.353

She’ll.She’d .It’s.It’ll.It’d.We’re.We’ve.We’ll.We’d.They’re.They’veThey’ll.They’d.Let’s.Isn’t.Aren’t.Wasn’t.Weren’t.Don’t.Doesn’t.She will.She had o she would.It is o it has.It will.It had o it would.We are.We have.We will.We had o we would.They are.They have.They will.They had o they would.Let us.Is not.Are not.Was not.Were not.Do not.Does not.354

Didn’t.Haven’t.Hasn’t.Hadn’t.Can’t.Couldn’t.Won’t.Wouldn’t.Shan’t.Shouldn’t.Oughtn’t.Mustn’t.Needn’t.Mightn’t.Daren’t.Did not.Have not.Has not.Had not.Can not.Could not.Will not.Would not.Shall not.Should not.Ought not.Must not.Need not.Might not.Dare not.355

CAMBIOS ORTOGRÁFICOS• El plural de las palabras que terminan en “-y” se forma cambiando la "-y"por "-ies" cuando va precedida de consonante.Lady.Señora.City.Ciudad.Ladies.Cities.• Si la “-y” va precedida de vocal no se producen cambios.Boy.Chico.Day.DíaBoys.Days.• Lo mismo sucede a los verbos que acaban en “-y” al formar la tercerapersona del singular del presente de indicativo.Carry.Llevar.Study.Estudiar.Play.Jugar.Annoy.Molestar.He carries.She studies.Mary plays.John annoys.• Las palabras que terminan en “-s”, “-ss”, “-zz”, “-sh”, “-x” añaden “-es” paraformar el plural si son nombres o la tercera persona del singular si sonverbos.NOMBRESBus.Buses.356

Autobús.Glass.Vaso.Dish.Plato.Church.Iglesia.Glasses.Dishes.Churches.VERBOSPass.Pasar.Buzz.Zumbar.Wash.Lavar.Fix.Fijar.Passes.Buzzes.Washes.Fixes.Algunos nombres acabados en “-o” añaden “-es” para formar el plural.Potato.Patata.Tomato.Tomate.Piano.Piano.Biro.Bolígrafo.Potatoes.Tomatoes.Pianos.Biros.• El pasado y el Participio Pasado de los verbos regulares se fromanañadiendo “-ed” al infinitivo. Solo se añade “-d” si el verbo acaba en “-e”.357

Answer.Contestar.Listen.Escuchar.Ask.Pedir.Live.Pedir.Practise.Practicar.Love.Amar.Answered.Listened.Asked.Lived.Practised.Loved.• Si el verbo acaba en “-y” precedido de consonante se cambia por “-ied”.Si acaba en vocal se añade “-ed”.Carry.Llevar.Study.Estudiar.Play.Jugar.Die.MorirDye.Teñir.Carried.Studied.Played.Died.Dyed.• Al añadir “-ing” al infinitivo la “-e” desaparece excepto en dye.Live.Vivir.Practise.Living.Practising.358

Practicar.Dye.TeñirDyeing.• Cuando el verbo acaba en “-ie” la “-i” se convierte en “-y”.Die.Morir.Lie.Mentir.Dying.Lying.• Cuando los verbos acaban en “-y” se añade “-ing”.Try.Intentar.Study.Estudiar.Play.Jugar.Buy.Comprar.Trying.Studying.Playing.Buying.• Al añadir cualquier sufijo “-ful”, “-ness”, “-er”, “-est”, la “-y” se convierte en“-i”.Beauty.Guapa.Steady.Listo.Happy.Feliz.Pretty.Beatiful.Steadily.Happiness.Prettier, Prettiest.359

Guapa.Sly.Astuto.Slyly.• Los adjetivos acabados en “-al”, doblan la “-l” al formar los adverbios.Practical.Práctico.Economical.Económico.Historical.Histórico.Practically.Economically.Historically.• Lo mismo sucede con los acabados en “-ful”.Beautiful.Bonito.Faithful.Fiable.Beautifully.Faithfully.• Las siguientes palabras pierden una “-l” al tomar un sufijoSkill.Destreza.Well.Bien.Will.Deseo.Skilful.Welcome.Wilful.• La terminación “-re” pertenece al inglés británico y “-er” al americanoBRITÁNICOAMERICANOCentre.Center.360

Centro.Theatre.Teatro.Theater.• La terminación “-our” pertenece al inglés británico y “-or” al americanoBRITÁNICOAMERICANOFavour.Sabor.Honour.Honor.Colour.Color.Favor.Honor.Color.• Algunas palabras cambian.BritánicoAmericanoAerial.Antena.Angry.Enfadado.Anywhere.Cualquier parte.Autumn.Otoño.Bill.Cuenta del restaurante.Car park.Aparcamiento.Chemist’s.Farmacia.Antenna.Mad.Anyplace.Fall.Check.Parking lot.Drugstore.361

Film.Película.Holiday.Vacaciones.Label.Etiqueta.Lorry.Camión.Mad.Loco.Motorway.Autopista.Nappy.Pañal.Petrol.Gasolina.Queue.Cola.Rubber.Borrador.Shop.Tienda.Single ticket.Billete de ida.Sunglasses.Gafas de sol.Sweets.Caramelos.Taxi.Taxi.Movie.Vacation.Tag.Truck.Crazy.Freeway.Diaper.Gas.Line.Eraser.Store.One way ticket.Shades.Candy.Cab.362

Tin.Lata.Trousers.Pantalones.Underground.Metro.Wire.Telegrama.Can.Pants.Subway.Telegram.• Algunas palabras usan “-c” en el nombre y “-s” en el verboNOMBREVERBOAdvice.Consejo.Practice.Practicar.Licence.Permiso.Advise.Practise.License.• Los monosilabos acabados en una sola consonante y precedidos de unasola vocal, doblan la consonante final al añadir un sufijo.Plan.Planear.Dad.Papa.Let.Permitir.Beg.Suplicar.Sit.Planning.Daddy.Letting.Beggar.Sitting.363

Sentarse.Put.Poner.Fat.Gordo.Star.Estrella.Stir.Remover.Fur.Piel.Putting.Fatter.Starring.Stirring.Furry.364

VERBOS IRREGULARESInfinitivo Pasado Participio Pasado TraducciónArise Arose Arisen Surgir, presentarseBe Was Were, Been Ser, estarBear Bore Borne Llevar, soportarBeat Beat Beaten Batir, golpear, latirBecome Became Become Llegar a, ser, hacerseBegin Began Begun EmpezarBend Bent Bent DoblarBet Bet Bet ApostarBid Bade Bidden Mandar, ordenarBind Bound Bound Atar, encuadernarBite Bit Bitten MorderBleed Bled Bled SangrarBlow Blew Blown SoplarBreak Broke Broken RomperBring Brought Brought TraerBuild Built Built EdificarBurn Burnt Burnt Arder, quemarBurst Burst Burst EstallarBuy Bought Bought ComprarCatch Caught Caught AtraparChoose Chose Chosen EscogerCome Came Come VenirCost Cost Cost CostarCreep Crept Crept ArrrastrarseCut Cut Cut CortarDeal Dealt Dealt TratarDig Dug Dug CavarDo Did Done HacerDraw Drew Drawn Dibujar, sacar, tirarDream Dreamt Dreamt SoñarDrink Drank Drunk BeberDrive Drove Driven ConducirEat Ate Eaten ComerFall Fell Fallen CaerFeed Fed Fed Alimentar,Feel Felt Felt Sentir, palpar, tocar365

Fight Fought Fought LucharFind Found Found EncontrarFling Flung Flung LanzarFly Flew Flown VolarForbid Forbade Forbidden ProhibirForget Forgot Forgotten OlvidarForgive Forgave Forgiven PerdonarFreeze Froze Frozen HelarGet Got Got Conseguir, obtenerGive Gave Given DarGo Went Gone IrGrow Grew Grown Crecer, cultivarHang Hung Hung ColgarHave Had Had Haber, tenerHear Heard Heard OirHide Hid Hid EsconderHit Hit Hit GolpearHold Held Held Sostener, agarrarHurt Hurt Hurt Hacer daño, dolerKeep Kept Kept Guardar, conseguirKneel Knelt Knelt ArrodillarseKnow Knew Known Saber, conocerLay Laid Laid PonerLead Led Led GuiarLeap Leapt Leapt SaltarLearn Learnt Learnt AprenderLeave Left Left Dejar, salirLend Lent Lent PrestarLet Let Let Dejar, permitirLie Lay Lain TumbarseLight Lit Lit IluminarLose Lost Lost PerderMake Made Made HacerMean Meant Meant Querer decir,significarMeet Met Met EncontrarMow Mowed Mown SegarPay Paid Paid PagarPut Put Put PonerQuit Quit Quit Abandonar366

Read Read Read LeerRide Rode Ridden Montar, cabalgarRing Rang Rung Sonar, tocar el timbreRise Rose Risen LevantarseRun Ran Run Correr, dirigir unnegocioSay Said Said DecirSee Saw Seen VerSell Sold Sold VenderSend Sent Sent EnviarSet Set Set Poner, establecerSew Sewed Sewn CoserShake Shook Shaken AgitarShine Shone Shone BrillarShoot Shot Shot DispararShow Showed Shown MostrarShrink Shrank Shrunk EncogerseShut Shut Shut CerrarSing Sang Sung CantarSink Sank Sunk Hundir, sumergirseSit Sat Sat SentarseSleep Slept Slept DormirSling Slung Slunk Lanzar, tirarSmell Smelt Smelt OlerSpeak Spoke Spoken HablarSpell Spelt Spelt Deletrear, hechizarSpend Spent Spent Pasar el tiempo,gastarSpill Spilt Spilt DerramarSpoil Spoilt Spoilt EstropearSpread Spread Spread ExtenderStand Stood Stood Ponerse de pieSteal Stole Stolen RobarStick Stuck Stuck PegarSting Stung Stung PicarStrike Struck Struck GolpearSwear Swore Sworn JurarSwim Swam Swum NadarTake Took Taken Tomar, llevarTeach Taught Taught Enseñar367

Tear Tore Torn RasgarTell Told Told Decir, contarThink Thought Thought Pensar, creerThrow Threw Thrown ArrojarUnderstand Understood Understood ComprenderWake Woke Woken DespertarWear Wore Worn Llevar puesto, usarWin Won Won Ganar un premioWind Wound Wound Dar cuerda al relojWrite Wrote Written Escribir368

CONECTORES• A la hora de redactar un texto necesitarás usar palabras o expresionesque te permitan unir ideas en forma de frases y organizar el texto.• Primero debes tener claro qué te piden y haz un esquema dondeaparezcan las ideas que quieres desarrollar. Usa un papel y anótalo todo.Luego tacha las ideas que no te gusten y ordenalas y clasifícalas.• Recuerda que puede ser una buena idea que la composición tenga trespartes diferenciadas: introducción, desarrollo y conclusión.• A continuación encontrarás algunas expresiones que te pueden servirpara organizar tus ideas.Para introducir.In the first place.To begin.First of all.It is obvious.It is certain that.It is a commonly held belief amongpeople that.It goes without saying that.A controversial question facing oursociety is.Whether we like it or not.As regards.En primer lugar.Para empezar.Lo primero de todo.Es óbvio que.Es cierto que.Es una creencia bastante extendidaentre la gente que.Ni que decir tiene que.Un asunto controvertido que afectaa nuestra sociedad es.Nos guste o no.Por lo que respecta.369

Expresar opinión.In my opinion.In my view.Personally.As far as I’m concerned.From my point of view.I would like to point out a couple ofthings.I believe/consider/think.I feel very strongly that.I’m absolutely convinced that.I’m inclined to believe that.I am totally opposed to.I am in favour of.I strongly disagree with.It seems/ appears to me that.There is no doubt that.One thing that is sure is.It is true that.I very much doubt that.We should all have to take intoaccount that.Every now and then.En mi opinion.Tal y como yo lo veo.Personalmente.Por lo que a mí respecta.Desde mi punto de vista.Me gustaría puntuaalizar un par deaspectos.Creo que.Estoy convencido de.Estoy absolutamente convencido de.Tiendo a pensar que.Estoy totalmente en desacuerdo con.Estoy a favor de.No estoy nada de acuerdo con.Me parece que.No hay duda de que.Algo que es seguro es.Es cierto que.Dudo mucho de que.Deberíamos tener en cuenta que.De vez en cuando.370

A favor y en contra.One of the strongest arguments infavour of... Is that.Uno de los argumentos mas sólidos afavor de ...On the other hand.Por otra parte.There are several arguments against... Hay varios argumentos en contra de...Yet there is another side to the picture.There is bitter controversy over.On the one hand.On the other hand.While there are many supporters of theidea, there are also people who havereservations about it.There are valid arguments for...There are also other good reasonsagainst....has both advantages anddisadvantages.Aunque hay otros aspectos que sedeben tener en cuenta.Existe gran controversia por lo querespecta a.Por una parte.Por otra parte.Mientras que hay mucha gente queapoya esta idea, hay otros que tienenciertas reservas.Hay argumentos muy validos a favorde.Aunque también existen buenasrazones en contra de....tiene tanto ventajas comodesventajas.Para expresar la opinión de otros.An increasing number of peoplebelieve that.Today many people are worriedabout.Un gran número de personas creeque.Hoy en día mucha gente estápreocupada con.371

Half the population are in favour/against of...These people firmly believe that...La mitad de la población está afavor/en contra de...Estas personas creen firmemente en...Para continuar.In the second place.Secondly.Next.Besides.In addition.Apart from that.Moreover.What is more.Futhermore.Another aspect to be considered canbe.En segundo lugar.En segundo lugar.Después.Además.Además.Además de.Y además.Además.Además.Otro aspecto para tener en cuantaes.Para expresar contraste.On the one hand.On the other.While.Whereas.Por una parte.Por otra parte.Mientras que.Mientras.372

In spite of the fact that.Although.In spite of.However.Given the differences between.At the same timeA pesar de.Aunque.A pesar de.Sin embargo.Teniendo en cuenta las diferenciasentre.Al mismo tiempoPara comparar.At the same time.Similarly.Likewise.Al mismo tiempo.Del mismo modo.Del mismo modo.Para expresar causa.Because.Because of.The main purpose of...is...The reason is very simple.For this reason.Porque.A causa de.El propósito principal es.La razón es bien sencilla.Por esta razón.Para expresar resultado.Therefore.Por lo tanto.373

As a result.Como resultado.Consequently.Como consecuencia.In consequence.En consecuencia.Thus.Por lo tanto.So.Así.Para ejemplificar.A good ilustration of this is.Nothing could better demostrate thisthat.Un buen ejemplo de esto es.Nada podría demostra esto mejor.We have an obvious proof of this in...This is best exemplified by.This is best shown in the followingexample.In other words.That is to say.For instance.For example.Tenemos una prueba clara de estoen.Esto está muy bien explicado con.Esto se puede apreciar mucho mejorcon el siguiente ejemplo.En otras palabras.Es decir.Por ejemplo.Por ejemplo.Para incluir datos y estadísticas.Recent studies have found that.Researches claim that.According to recent studies.Estudios recientes han demostradoque.Los investigadores afirman que.Según estudios recientes374

Para narrar.When.While.Before.After.By the time.During.It all began when.It all happened.Once upon a time.Suddenly.All of a sudden.First.At first.Later.Afterwards.Meanwhile.In the meantime.Finally.In the end.Cuando.Mientras que.Antes.Después.Por esas fechas.Durante.Todo empezó cuando.Todo ocurrió.Érase una vez.De repenteDe repente.Al principio.Al principio.Más tarde.Depués de todo.Mientras tanto.Mientras.Finalmente.Al final.Para concluir.The conclusion to be drawn from this isthat.La conclusión que podemos sacar es.375

We can conclude by saying that.To sum up.Summing up.In brief.In conclusion.In short.Finally.All this suggests that.We should all work elbow to elbow inthis respect.In conclusion.Although there are two sides to apicture I believe that.All things considered, I am in favourof/against...Lastly.Podemos concluir afirmando que.Para resumir.Resumiendo.En breve.Como conclusión.En breve.Finalmente.Todo esto nos sugiere que.Creo que todos deberíamos trabajarde forma conjunta en la mismadirección.Como conclusión.Aunque hay dos caras de la monedayo tiendo a creer que.Teniendo en cuenta todos losaspectos, estoy a favor/en contra de.Por último.As was previously stated.Como ya se ha dicho.376

FALSOS AMIGOSSon palabras que pueden fácilmente inducir a error. Muchas son de origenlatino y han cambiado el significado. Un buen consejo es no dejarse llevar porlas apariencias y comprobar siempre el significado en el diccionario. Pues en lalengua inglesa las apariencias engañan.Abuse.Actually.Advertise.To advise.Agenda.Anxious.Apology.Apparent.Application.Argument.To assist.To assume.Avocado.Cabinet.Career.Carpet.Cartoon.Casual.Casualty.Insultar.En realidad.Anunciar.Aconsejar.Orden del día.Nervioso. Deseoso.Disculpa.Evidente.Solicitud.Discusión.Ayudar.Asumir.Aguacate.Gabinete de ministros, vitrina.Carrera.Alfombra.Dibujos animados.Informal.Baja militar.377

Character.Collar.Collector.Complexion.Conductor.Conference.Conservatory.Constipated.Disgust.Embarrassed.Eventually.Exit.Fabric.Firm.Idiom.Insane.Intoxicated.Large.Parents.Physician.Policy.To presume.To pretend.Quiet.Personaje.Cuello.Coleccionista.Color de la piel.Cobrador de autobús. Director deorquesta.Congreso.Invernadero.Estreñido.Asco.Avergonzado.Finalmente.Salida.Tejido.Empresa.Expresión idiomática.LocoBorracho.Grande.Padres.MédicoPolíticaSuponer.Fingir.Callado.378

Rare.To remove.Sensible.Signature.Spectacles.Suburb.Success.Sympathy.To pretend.Tramp.Vicious.Poco frecuente.Quitar.Sensato.Firma.Gafas.Barrio residencial.Éxito.Compasión.Fingir.Vagabundo.Malvado.379

EXPRESIONES PARA LA COMUNICACIÓN ORALSaludos y Felicitaciones.How do you do?¿Cómo estás?Very well thank you.Muy bien gracias.Good morning.Buenos días.Good afternoon.Buenas tardes.Good evening.Buenas tardes- noches.Good night.Buenas noches.Hello.Hola.Good bye.Adiós.How are things?¿Cómo te van las cosas?See you tomorrow.Hasta mañana.Happy anniversary.Feliz aniversario.How are you?¿Cómo estás?Fine thanks, and you?Bien y tú?Hi.Hola.Congratulations.Enhorabuena.So long.Hasta luego.See you.Nos vemos.Happy birthday.Feliz cumpleaños.Happy Christmas.Feliz Navidad.Well.Bien.So long.Hasta luego.How is it going?¿Cómo te va?Up and down.Así así.380

Para dirigirse a un desconocido.Excuse me.Disculpe.I beg your pardon.Disculpe.PresentacionesPeter, this is Mary.Pedro esta es María.Mary, do you know Michael?¿María, conoces a Miguel?Let me introduce my friend Paul.Permíteme que te presente a miamigo Pablo.Cuando no entendemos algo bienCan you repeat it please?¿Puede repetirlo por favor?Can you speak more slowly?¿Puede hablar más despacio?I’m sorry I don’t understandLo siento, pero no lo entiendo.Para preguntar la horaWould you mind telling me the time?Me dice la hora por favor?What’s the time please?¿Qué hora lleva?Hablando por teléfonoHello, could I speak to Manuel?¿Hola, podría hablar con Manuel?Para agradecer algoThank you.Thank you very much.381

Gracias.That’s very kind of you.Es muy amable por su parte.You’re welcome.De nada.Muchas gracias.Thanks.Gracias.Don’t mention it.No hay de qué.Expresiones de cortesíaExcuse me.Disculpe.SorryLo sientoI beg your pardon.Perdón.382

DÍAS DE LA SEMANAA diferencia de en español en inglés se escriben en mayúsculas.Monday.Lunes.Tuesday.Martes.Wednesday.Miércoles.Thursday.Jueves.Friday.Viernes.Saturday.Sábado.Sunday.Domingo.Día de laluna.Tiw era undios de laguerra.Día deOdín.Día deThor.Frig era laesposa deOdín.Día deSaturno.Día del sol.DÍAS DE FIESTAEaster.Pascua.Whitsun.Pentecostes.Halloween.Christmas day.Día de navidad.Boxing day.26 de diciembre.New year’s day.Día de año nuevo.New year’s eve.Nochevieja.Midsummer’s eve.Noche de sanJuan.MESES DEL AÑOAl igual que los días también se escriben en mayúsculas.January.Enero.February.Febrero.March.Marzo.April.Abril.May.Mayo.June.Junio.July.Julio.August.Agosto.September.Septiembre.October.Octubre.November.Noviembre.December.Diciembre.ESTACIONESSpring. Summer. Autumm. Fall (USA) Winter383

Primavera. Verano. Otoño. Invierno.PUNTOS CARDINALESNorth.Norte.South.Sur.East.Este.West.Oeste.LOS COLORESWhite.Blanco.Black.Negro.Pink.Rosa.GreenVerde.Orange.Naranja.Purple.Morado.Yellow.Amarillo.Red.Rojo.Brown.Marrón.Blue.Azul.Navy blue.Azul marino.Beige.Beige.Chestnut.Castaño.Colored.Coloreado.Grey.Gris.Lilac.Lila.Blond.Rubio.Dark.Oscuro.384

385ADJETIVOSBig.Grande.Cheap.Barato.Clean.Límpio.Easy.Fácil.Good.Bueno.Long.Largo.Nice.Agradable.Fair.Justo.Fat.Gordo.Hot.Caliente.Cold.Frio.Short.Corto.Angry.Enfadado.Happy.Feliz.Ill.Enfermo.Thirsty.Sediento.SIGNOS DEL ZODIACOAquarius.Acuario.Pisces.Piscis.Aries.Aries.Taurus.Tauro.Gemini.Geminis.Cancer.Cancer.Leo.Leo.Virgo.Virgo.Libra.Libra.Scorpio.Escorpio.Sagittarius.Sagitario.Capricorn.Capricornio.

LA HORAUsamos el verbo to be para indicar las horas junto a las siguientes estructuras:Para preguntar la hora usamosWhat’s the time?What time is it?Could you tell me the time please?O’clock. En punto. Proviene de laexpresión of the clock.It is 8 o’clock.Half past. Y media. It is half past 9.A quarter to. Menos cuarto. It is a quarter to 6.A quarter past. Y cuarto It is a quarter past 7.To. Menos It is twenty to 4.Past. Y It is twenty past 4.Usamos a.m y p.m para indicar antes del mediodía y después del mediodía.También podemos usarIn the morning.In the afternoon.At night.Midday= 12.00 amMidnight= 24.00Los horarios de los medios de transporte se rigen por el sistema de 24 horas.I took the 18.30 plane to London.386

387NÚMEROS CARDINALESOne.Uno.Eleven.Once.Two.Dos.Twelve.Doce.Three.Tres.Thirteen.Trece.Four.Cuatro.Fourteen.Catorce.Five.Cinco.Fifteen.Quince.Six.Seis.Sixteen.Dieciséis.Seven.Siete.Seventeen.Diecisiete.Eight.Ocho.Eighteen.Dieciocho.Nine.Nueve.Nineteen.Diecinueve.Ten.Diez.Twenty.Veinte.Thirty.Treinta.Eighty.Ochenta.Forty.Cuarenta.Ninety.Noventa.Fifty.Cincuenta.A hundred.Cien.Sixty.Sesenta.A thousand.Mil.

Seventy.Setenta.A milion.Un millón.• Se usa un guión entre los números comprendidos entre el 21 y 99. A partirdel 100 se usará and.Twenty-one.Veintiuno.One hundred and three.Ciento tres.En Estados Unidos 1 billón equivale a 1,000,000,000.En Europa 1 billón equivale a 1,000,000,000,000.• Hundred, thousand, million y billion como son adjetivos no añaden “-s”I paid three million pesetas in 2001 for a car.Pagué tres millones de pesetas en el año 2001 por un coche.• Las fechas se indican de dos en dosI was born in 1962.Nací en en el año 1962.My grandmother Berta was born in 1900.Mi abuela Berta nació en (nineteen hundred). El 00 es hundred.• Los números de teléfono de uno en unoMy phone number is 965436789.Mi número de teléfono es...• Se usa coma con los números: 1,000.• Se usa el punto con los decimales: 4.5.• En las horas se pueden usar uno o dos puntos: 3.45 o 3:45.• El 0 se pronncia /ou/388

LOS NÚMEROS ORDINALES• Con la excepción de first , second y third, los números ordinales se formanañadiendo “-th” a los ordinales.• Existen algunos que sí que se ven modificados:5 th 8 th 9 th 12 th 20 thFifth. Eighth. Ninth. Twelfth. Twentieth.First.Primero.Second.Segundo.Third.Tercero.Fourth.Cuarto.Fifth.Quinto.Sixth.Sexto.Seventh.Séptimo.Eighth.Octavo.Ninth.Noveno.Tenth.Décimo.Eleventh.Undécimo.Twelfth.Duodécimo.Thirteenth.Decimotercero.Fourteenth.Decimocuarto.Fiftteenth.DecimoquintoSixteenth.Decimosexto.Seventeenth.Decimoséptimo.Eighteenth.Decimoctavo.Nineteenth.Decimonoveno.Twentieth.Vigésimo.389

• En las decenas “y” cambia por “-ie”. Hundred, thousand y million añaden“-th”Twenty. Thirty. Forty. Fifty. Sixty. Seventy.Twentieth. Thirtieth. Fortieth. Fiftieth. Sixtieth. Seventieth.USOSEn fechas.Capítulos.Monarcas.November 30 th.Chapter III.Juan Carlos I. ( The first)EQUIVALENCIA DE PESOS Y MEDIDAS1 ounce. 28,35 gramos.1 pound. 454 gramos.1 inch. 2,45 centímetros.1 foot. 30 centímetros.1 mile. 1.610 metros. Milla terrestre.1 mile. 1.852 metros. Milla marina.1 pint. 0,57 litros.1 gallon. 4,54 litros.1 stone 6’356 kilos.12 inches = 1 foot. 30,48 centimetros.3 feet = 1 yard. 91,44 centimetros.390

1760 yards= 1 mile=. 1,61 kilometres.16 ounces= 1 pound 0,454 kilos.PAISES Y NACIONALIDADESBrazil.Brasil.Britain.Gran Bretaña.Canada.Canadá.China.China.Denmark.Dinamarca.Egypt.Egipto.Europe.Europa.Finland.Finlandia.France.Francia.Germany.Alemania.Greece.Grecia.Brazilian.British.Canadian.Chinese.Danish.Egyptian.European.Finnish.French.German.Greek.391

Holland.Holanda.Ireland.Irlanda.Italy.Italia.Japan.Japón.Mexico.Méjico.Norway.Noruega.Poland.Polonia.Scotland.Escocia.Spain.España.Portugal.Portugal.Sweden.Suecia.Switzerland.Suiza.Turkey.Turquía.Wales.Gales.Dutch.Irish.Italian.Japanese.Mexican.Norwegian.Polish.Scottish.SpanishSpaniard.Portuguese.Swedish.Swiss.Turkish.Welsh.392

393LA FAMILIAAncestor.Antepasado.Grandfather.Abuelo.Grandmother.Abuela.Relative.Pariente.Father.PadreMother.Madre.Twin.Gemelo.Son.Hijo.Daughter.Hija.Mum.Mamá.Brother.Hermano.Sister.Hermana.Dad.Papá.Husband.EsposoWife.Esposa.Cousin.Primo.Uncle.Tio.Aunt.Tia.Nephew.Sobrino.Grandson.Nieto.Granddaughter.Nieta.Niece.Sobrina.Brother-in-law.Cuñado.Sister-in-law.Cuñada.Widow.Viuda.Father-in-law.Suegro.Mother-in-law.Suegra.Widower.Viudo.Son-in-law.Yerno.Daughter-in-law.Nuera.

394PROFESIONESLawyer.Abogado.Teacher.Profesor.Actor.Actor.Farmer.Agricultor.Bricklayer.Albañil.Mayor.Alcalde.Artist.Artista.Housewife.Ama de casa.Barber.Barbero.Librarian.Bibliotecario.Waiter.Camarero.Singer.Cantante.Butcher.Carnicero.Carpenter.Carpintero.Surgeon.Cirujano.Conductor.Cobrador deautobus.Driver.Conductor.Janitor.Conserje.Accountant.Contable.Priest.Sacerdote.Headmaster.Director de uncolegio.Economist.Economista.Nurse.Enfermera.Chemist.Farmacéutico.Manager.Gerente.Blacksmith.Herrero.Researcher.Investigador.Jeweller.Joyero.Judge.Juez.Cleaner.Limpiador.Sailor.Marinero.Typist.Mecanógrafo.Dressmaker.Modista.Baker.Panadero.Hairdresser.Peluquero.Painter.Pintor.Secretary.Secretario.Soldier.Militar.Grocer.Tendero.Shoemaker.Zapatero.Salesman.Vendedor.

LA CASABedroom.Dormitorio.Hall.Entrada.Door.Puerta.Bathroom.Cuarto de baño.Kitchen.Cocina.Corridor.Pasillo.Air conditioning.Aireacondicionado.Lift.Ascensor.Central heating.Calefaccióncentral.Water heater.Calentador deagua.Diningroom.Comedor.Garage.Garaje.Curtains.Cortinas.Study.Despacho.Loft.DesvánAttic.Ático.Stairs.Escaleras.Doorbell.Timbre.Letterbox.Buzón.Aerial.Antena.Garden.Jardín.Roof.Tejado.Window.Ventana.Chair.Silla.Shelf.Estantería.Wall.Pared.Light.Luz.Toilet.Aseo.Heating.Calefacción.Corridor.Pasillo.Basement.Sótano.Ceiling.Techo.395

LA COCINATin opener.Abrelatas.Spoon.Cuchara.Refrigerator.Nevera.Knife.Cuchillo.Microwave oven.Hornomicroondas.Fork.Tenedor.Sink.Fregadero.Toaster.Tostadora.Saucepan.Cacerola.Freezer.Congelador.Pantry.Despensa.BroomEscoba.Oven.Horno.Tap.Grifo.Washingmachine.Lavadora.Washing upliquid.Liquido parafregar los platos.Dishwasher.Fregaplatos.Iron.Plancha.Saucer.Platillo.Corkscrew.Sacacorchos.Ironing board.Tabla deplanchar.Cup.Taza.Mug.Tazón.Telephone.Teléfono.Teapot.Tetera.Cloth.Trapo.Glass.Vaso.Dishes.Platos.Litter.Basura.Coffe pot.Cafetera.Pan.Sartén.396

EL CUARTO DE BAÑOToilet.Taza del WC.Towel.Toalla.Mirror.Espejo.Washbasin.Lavabo.Bath.Bañera.Bidet.Bidé.Shower.Ducha.Plug.Enchufe.Soap.JabónTowel.Toalla.Toothbrush.Cepillo dedientes.Razor.Maquinilla deafeitar.Toothpaste.Pasta dentífrica.Comb.Peine.Shower.Ducha.Emergency kit.Botiquín.Brush.Cepillo.Shampoo.Champú.Hairspray.Laca.Comb.Peine.Dryer.Secador.Cologne.Colonia.Compresses.Compresas.Makeup.Maquillaje.Sponge.Esponja.Lipstick.Lapiz de labios.Tissue.Papel higiénico.Nail polish.Laca de uñas.Eyeliner.Rímmel.Eyeshadow.Sombra de ojos.Comb.Peine.Eye-shadow.Sombra de ojos.Lipstick.Barra de labios.Mirror.Espejo.Nail varnish.Esmalte de uñas.Perfume.Perfume.Aftershave.Loción.Hairbrush.Cepillo.Deodorant.Desodorante.To shave.Afeitarse.To have a bath.Bañarse.To have a shower.Ducharse.To dry.Secar.Showergel.Gel.397

Sanitary towel.Compresa.El DORMITORIOAlarm clock.Despertador.Bed.Cama.Duvet.Edredón.Bedclothes.Ropa de cama.Sheet.Sábana.Dressing table.Tocador.Alarm clock.Despertador.EL SALONTelevision.Television.Telephone.Teléfono.Lamp.LamparaSofa.Sofa.Bokcase.Librería.Window.Ventana.Ashtray.Cenicero.Fireplace.Chimenea.CushionCojín.Picture.CuadroRocking chair.Mecedora.Table.MesaCarpet.Alfombra.Wallpaper.Papel pintado.Lampshade.Pantalla.Clock.Reloj.Chair.Silla.Sofa.Sofá.MUEBLESWardrobe.Armario.Sideboard.Aparador.Chest of drawers.Cómoda.Bed.Cama.Table.Mesa.398

LA CIUDADAirport.Aeropuerto.Bus station.Estación deautobuses.Car park.Parking.Cinema.Cine.Hospital.Hospital.Hotel.Hotel.Market.Mercado.Police station.Comisaría.Post office.Oficina deCorreos.Toilets.Aseos.Restaurant.Restaurant.Station.EstaciónBank.Banco.Beach.Playa.Book shop.Libreria.Library.Biblioteca.Chemist.Farmacia.Church.Iglesia.Petrol station.Gasolinera.Phone box.Cabina deteléfono.Sea.Mar.River.Río.Supermarket.Supermercado.Street.Calle.CathedralCatedral.Cementery.Cementerio.Building.Edificio.School.Escuela.Sculpture.Escultura.Stadium.EstadioStatue.Estatua.Fair.Feria.Art galleryGalería de arte.Hospital.Hospital.Garden.Jardín.Monastery.Monasterio.Museum.Museo.Pavilion.Pabellón.Palace.Palacio.Park.Parque.399

Square.Plaza.Bridge.Puente.River.Río.Ruins.Ruinas.Theater.Teatro.Zoo.Zoológico.Cinema.Cine.Baker.Panadería.Butcher.Carnicería.Drugstore.Droguería.Delicatessen.Fishmonger.Pescadería.Greengrocer.Verdulería.Grocer.Ultramarinos.Hardware store.Ferretería.Newsagent.Prensa.Off-licence.Bodega.Post office.Oficina postal.TIENDAS400

401PARTES DEL CUERPOEye.Ojo.Mouth.Boca.Nose.NarizHair.Pelo.Chest.Pecho.Leg.Pierna.Elbow.Codo.Knee.Rodilla.Stomach.Estómago.Head.Cabeza.Ear.Oreja.Chin.Barbilla.Foot.Pie.Arm.Brazo.Hand.Mano.Throat.Garganta.Fist.Puño.Thumb.Dedo pulgar.Finger.Dedo.Mouth.Boca.Moustache.Bigote.Tongue.Lengua.Brain.Cerebro.Heart.Corazón.Lung.Pulmón.Kidney.Riñon.Muscle.Músculo.Neck.Cuello.COMIDABiscuits.Galletas.Cakes.Pasteles.Chewing gum.Chicle.Sweets.Golosinas.Fruit juice.Zumo.Milk.Leche.Sugar.Azúcar.Tea.Té.Eggs.Huevos.Butter.Mantequilla.Bread.Pan.Cheese.Queso.Rice.Arroz.Spaghetti.Espaguetis.Chips.Patatas fritas.Meat.Carne.Fish.Pescado.Chicken.Pollo.Sandwich.Bocadillo.Meatballs.Albóndigas.Lambchops. Fillet. Hamburguer.

Chuletas decordero.Filete.Hamburguesa.EN LA MESASugar caddy.Azucarero.Bottle.Botella.Cafetera.Coffepot.Glass.Vaso.Tablecloth.Mantel.Bread.Pan.Salt.Sal.Napkin.Servilleta.Cup.Taza.Fork.Tenedor.Teapot.Tetera.Vinager.Vinagre.Oil.Aceite.Garlic.Ajo.Cinnamon.Canela.Hot pepper.Guindilla.Butter.Mantequilla.Mustard.MostazaParsley.Perejil.Pepper.Pimienta.Salt.Sal.Vinegar.Vinagre.Smoked.Ahumado.Grilled.Asado.Breaded.Empanado.Fried.Frito.Boiled.Hervido.Rare.Poco hecho.Well done.Bien pasado.Medium.Al punto.Baked.Cocinado.Roasted.Asado.SABORESAcid.Ácido.Bitter.Amargo.Hot.Caliente.Sweet.Dulce.Fresh.Fresco.Cold.Frío.Tasty.Sabroso.Spicy.Picante.402

BEBIDASWater.Agua.Tap water.Agua del grifoMineral water.Agua mineral.Sparkling water.Agua con gas.Tonic water.Tónica.Black coffee.Café solo.Short coffee.Cortado.Decaffeinatedcoffee.Descafeinado.Espresso.Café exprés.Long coffee.Café largo.Coffee with milk.Café con leche.Tea.Té.Beer.Cerveza.White wine.Vino blanco.Rose wine.Vino rosado.Red wine.Vino tinto.Orange juice.Zumo de naranja.Hot chocolate.Chocolate.Soda.Gaseosa.Gin.Ginebra.Whisky.Whisky.Rum.Ron.Draft beer.Caña.Soft drink.Refresco.Coke.Coca cola.Juice.Zumo.FRUTAS Y VERDURASApple.Manzana.Musrhroom.Champiñón.Broccoli.Brécol.Asparagus.Espárragos.Tomato.Tomate.Artichokes.Alcachofas.Escarole.Escarola.Cucumber.Pepino.Cabbage.Repollo.Endives.Endivias.Lettuce.Lechuga.Avocado.Aguacate.Brussels sprouts.Coles de Bruselas.Peas.Guisante.Carrot.Zanahoria.Apricots.Albaricoques.Spinachs.Espinaca.Radishes.Rábanos.Potato.Patata.Plums.Ciruelas.403

404Leeks.Puerros.Onion.Cebolla.Banana.Plátano.Coconut.Coco.Carrot.Zanahoria.Orange.Naranja.Zucchinni.Calabacín.Date.Dátil.Raspberries.Frambuesas.Strawberries.Fresas.Lemon.Limón.Mandarin.Mandarina.Mango.Mango.Peaches.Melocotones.Quince.Membrillo.Orange.Naranja.Pear.Pera.Pineapple.Piña.Watermelon.Sandía.Melon.Melón.Raisin.Pasa.Aubergine.Berengena.Celery.Apio.POSTRESPuddingPudin.IcecreamHelado.Custard.NatillasMarmalade.Mermelada.Honey.Miel.Honey.Miel.Cake.TartaYogurt.Yogur.Chocolate.Chocolate.Cookies.Galletas.PESCADOSAnchovy.Anchoa.Elver.Angula.Octopus.Pulpo.Shrimps.Gambas.Angler.Rape.Hake.Merluza.Oysters.Ostras.Sole.Lenguado.Clams. Herring. Prawn. Squids.

Almejas. Arenque. Langostino. Calamares.Cockle.Berberecho.Lobster.Langosta.Razor clam.Navajas.Sword fish.Pez espada.Cod.Bacalao.Mackerel.Caballa.Salmon.Salmón.Turbot.Rodaballo.Crab.Cangrejo.Mussels.Mejillones.Sardine.Sardina.Cuttlefish.Sepia.Norway lobster.Cigala.Sea bream.Besugo.CARNESBacon.Tocino.Deer.Ciervo.Hen.Gallina.Partridge.Codorniz.Chicken.Pollo.Goose.Ganso.Lamb.Cordero.Pork.Cerdo.Cow.Vaca.Hare.Liebre.Ox.Buey.Rabbit.Conejo.Turkey.Pavo.FRUTOS SECOSAlmonds.Almendras.Hazelnuts.Avellanas.Chestnuts.Castañas.Pinenuts.Piñones.Sunflowerseeds.Pipas.Pistachios.Pistachos.405

MEDIOS DE TRANSPORTECar.Coche.Bus.Autobús.Taxi.Taxi.Ship.Barco.On foot.A pie.Plane.Avión.ACTIVIDADES DIARIASWake up.Despertarse.Get up.Levantarse.Have a shower.Ducharse.Get dressed.Vestirse.Have breakfast.Desayunar.Go to work.Ir al trabajo.Have lunch.Comer.Watch TV.Ver la TV.Buy thenewspaper.Comprar elperiódico.Go for a walk.Dar un paseo.Have dinner.Cenar.Go to bed.Irse a la cama.ACTIVIDADES DE TIEMPO LIBREMeet friends.Reunirse conamigos.Go to the cinema.Ir al cine.Go to themountains.Ir al campo.Go shopping.Ir de compras.Go to the pub.Ir al pub.Go to the disco.Ir a la discoteca.ROPACoat. Cap. Pocket. Skirt.406

Abrigo. Gorra. Bolsillo Falda.Belt.CinturónClogs.Zuecos.Purse.Monedero.Sleeve.MangaBikini.Bikini.Dress.VestidoPyjamas.Pijama.Stockings.Medias.Blouse.Blusa.Dressing gown.Bata.Ring.Swimming trunks.Tie.Corbata.Boots.Botas.Handbag.Bolso.Sandals.Sandalias.Trainers.Zapatillas dedeporte.Bow.Lazo.Hat.Sombrero.Shirt.Camisa.Trousers.Pantalones.Bra.Sujetador.Jacket.ChaquetaShoes.Zapatos.T-shirt.CamisetaBracelet.PulseraJeans.Vaquero.Shorts.Pantalón corto.Umbrella.Paraguas.Braces.Tirantes.Knickers.Bragas.Size.Talla.Underpants.Calzoncillos.Vest.Camiseta.Slippers.Zapatillas de irpor casa.Jacket.Chaqueta.Wellingtons.Botas de agua.Socks.Calcetines.Cap.Gorra.Raincoat.Gabardina.Zipper.Cremallera.Scarf.Bufanda.Glasses.Gafas.Gloves.Guantes.Watch.Reloj de pulsera.Ear-rings.Pendientes.Bracelet.Pulsera.Necklace.Collar.Handkerchief.Pañuelo.Jacket.Chaqueta.Scarf.Bufanda.Socks.Calcetines.Vest.Chaleco.407

408Belt.Cinturón.Zipper.Cremallera.Slip.Enagua.Gloves.Guantes.COMPLEMENTOS Y JOYERIABracelet.Pulsera.Brooch.Broche.Earring.Pendiente.Necklace.Collar.Watch.Reloj.Ring.Sortija.Chain.Cadena.Pendant.Colgante.TEJIDOS Y MATERIALESAcrylic.Acrílico.Cotton.Algodón.Leather.Piel.Knitted.De punto.Wool.Lana.Corduroy.Pana.Silk.Seda.Velvet.Terciopelo.Cloth.Tela.Fur.Piel.Glass.Cristal.Leather.Cuero.Oil.Aceite.Silver.Plata.Stone.Piedra.Wire.Alambre.Bronze.Bronce.Canvas.Lona.China.Porcelana.Corduroy.Pana.Iron.Hierro.Linen.Lino.Porcelain.Porcelana.Steel.Acero.Vervet.Terciopelo.Aluminium.Aluminio.Brass.Latón.Clay.Arcilla.Clay.Arcilla.Denim.Tela vaquera.Marble.Mármol.Plaster.Yeso.

Suede.Ante.Tinfoil.Papel dealuminio.Wax.Cera.409

ADJECTIVOS PARA LA DESCRIPCIONFIGURE FACE NOSE HAIR EYES SKIN CHARACTERTall.Alto.Round.Redonda.Long.Larga.Straight.Liso.Bright.Brillantes.Pale.Pálido.Humble.Humilde.Short.Bajo.Oval.Ovalada.Flat.Chata.Wavy.Rizado.Large.Grandes.Tanned.Bronceado.Proud.Orgulloso.Stout.Robusto.Thin.Delgado.Long.Larga.Small.Pequeña.Prominent.ProminenteTangled.EnredadoBrown.MarrónSmall.Pequeños.Blue.Azules.Flecked.ConpecasGreedy.Avaricioso.Selfish.Egoista.Athletic.Atlético.Wrinkled.Arrugada.Auburn.Castaño.Grey.Grises.Miserable.Triste.Muscular.Musculoso.Golden.Rubio.Merry.Alegres.Honest.Honrado.Silky.Sedoso.Mean.Tacaño.Blonde.Rubio.Stubborn.Cabezota.Enthusiastic.Entusiasta.410

411ADJETIVOS PARA DESCRIBIR EL CARACTERBoring.Aburrido.Pleasant.Agradable.Cheerful.Alegre.Ambitious.Ambicioso.Adventurous.Audaz.Greedy.Avaricioso.Bright.Brillante.Loving.Cariñoso.Gossipy.Chismoso.Sympathetic.Compasivo.Polite.Cortés.Careful.Cuidadoso.Determined.Decidido.Amusing.Divertido.Boastful.FanfarrónChildish.Infantil.Clever.ListoCrazy.Loco.Proud.Orgulloso.Vain.Presumido.Wise.Sabio.Stubborn.Testarudo.

LA ESCUELABook.Libro.Desk.Pupitre.Blackboard.Pizarra.Paper.Papel.Teacher.Profesor.Bulletin board.Tablón deanuncios.School.Colegio.University.Universidad.Pen.Bolígrafo.Notepad.Bloc de notas.Notebook.Cuaderno.Sheet of paper.Hoja de papel.Pencil.Lapicero.Eraser.Borrador.Paste.Pegamento.Ruler.Regla.Sharpener.Sacapuntas.Chalk.Tiza.College.Universidad.Essay.Trabajo.Exam.Examen.Fountain pen.Plumaestilográfica.Holidays.Vacaciones.Lecture.Conferencia.Homework.Deberes.Lesson.Lección.Map.Mapa.Mistake.Error.Question.Pregunta.Reading.Lectura.Rubber.Borrador.Schoolbag.Cartera.Timetable.Horario.BreakRecreo.DictationDictado.Janitor.Conserje.To pass.Aprobar.To fail.Suspender.Term.Trimestre.Blot.Borrón.CanteenCantina.Calculator.Calculadora.Spelling.Ortografía.Nursery school.Parvulario.Primary school.Escuela primaria.Infants school.Escuela (5-7 años)Junior school.(7-11 años)High school.Instituto.Grammar school.Instituto debach.Secondarymodern school.Formación prof.University.Universidad.Polythecnic.Universidadpolitécnica.412

Playground.Patio.Geography.Geografía.Chemistry.Química.Mathematics.Matemáticas.Physics.Física.Exam.Examen.Degree.Licenciatura.Teacher.Profesor.Principal.Director.To revise.Repasar.Subject.Asignatura.LA OFICINALetter.Carta.Envelope.Sobre.Computer.Ordenador.Label.Etiqueta.Printer.Impresora.Keyboard.Teclado.INSTRUMENTOSDEPORTESTennis.Tenis.Football.Fútbol.Handball.Balonmano.Basketball.BaloncestoSwimming.Natación.Ice hockey.Jockey sobrehielo.Billiards.Billar.DOLENCIASHeadache.Dolor de cabeza.Toothache.Dolor de muelasBackache.Dolor de espalda.Sore throat.Dolor de413

Break a leg.Romperse unapierna.Temperature.Fiebre.Stomachache.Dolor de barriga.garganta.Measles.Sarampión.TAREAS DOMESTICASTo do thewashing.Lavar la ropa.To do the washingup.Lavar los platos.To do the ironing.Planchar.To do thecleaning.Limpiar.To make thebeds.Hacer las camas.To do the dusting.Quitar el polvo.To do thegardening.Arreglar el jardín.To tidy.Ordenar.TIEMPO ATMOSFERICOFine.Bueno.Sunny.Soleado.Hot.Caluroso.Wet.HumedoWarm.Templado.Windy.Ventoso.Swony.Nevado.Frosty.Helado.Freezing.Mucho frio.Centigrades.Centígrados.Sunny.Soleado.Degree.GradosFoggy.Con niebla.Hot.Caluroso.Cold.Frio.Cloudy.Nublado.Rainy.Lluvioso.WindyVentoso.EL DOCTOR414

ANIMALESCow.Vaca.Calf.Ternero.Horse.Caballo.Duck.PatoBull.Toro.Pig.Cerdo.Goat.Cabra.Chicken.Pollo.Dog.Perro.Bitch.Perra.Hen.Gallina.Tortoise.Tortuga.Goldfish.Pez de colores.Pelican.PelícanoSwan.Cisne.Seagull.Gaviota.Cod.Bacalao.Herring.Arenque.Shark.Tiburón.Sole.Lenguado.Trout.Trucha.Hake.Merluza.Crab.Cangrejo.Mussel.Mejillón.Prawn.Gamba.Squid.Calamar.MEDIOS DE TRANSPORTEARBOLES, FLORES Y PLANTASDaisy.Margarita.Tulip.Tulipán.CarnationClavel.Thistle.Cardo.Oak.Roble.Elm.Olmo.Ash.Fresno.Pine.Pino.Palm.Palmera.Cedar.Cedro.Geranium.Geranio.Jasmine.Jazmín.Orchid. Rose. Violet.415

Orquídea. Rosa. Violeta.HERRAMIENTASPOLITICAPrime minister.Primer ministro.MP.Diputado.Parliament.Parlamaento.Cabinet.Gobierno.House ofcommons.Cámara de loscomunes.House of lords.Cámara de loslores.President.Presidente.Governor.Gobernador.Congress.Congreso.Senate.Senado.Mayor.Alcalde.Council.Ayuntamiento.Councillor.Concejal.To vote.Votar.Conservativeparty.Partidoconservador.Liberal.Liberal.Democracy.Democracia.RELIGIONFaith.Fe.God.Dios.Virgin Mary.Virgen María.Angel.Ángel.Devil.Demonio.Saint.Santo.Priest.Sacerdote.Vicar.Vicario.Bishop.Obispo.Monk.Monje.Nun.Monja.Heaven.Cielo.416

Abbey.Abadía.Cathedral.Catedral.Monastery.Monasterio.Church.Iglesia.Temple.Templo.Synagogue.sinagogaMosque.Mezquita.To pray.Rezar.Prayer.Oración.Holy.Sagrado.BANCOBank.Banco.Account.Cuenta.Withdraw.Reintegro.Savings.Ahorros.Cash.Dinero enmetálico.Profit.Beneficio.Loss.Perdida.Loan.Préstamo.417

SIMILESAs agile as a monkey.As bitter as gall.As black as coal.As blind as a bat.As brave as a lion.As brown as a berry.As busy as a bee.As clean as a new pin.As clear as crystal.As cool as a cucumber.As cunning as a fox.As dead as a doornail.As deaf as a doorpost.As different as chalk to cheese.As dry as a bone.As easy as ABC.As fit as a fiddle.As flat as a pancake.As fresh as a daisy.As good as gold.As green as grass.As happy as a king.Muy ágil.Más amargo que la retama.Más negro que el carbón.Más ciego que un topo.Más valiente que un león.Muy moreno.Ocupadísimo.Más limpio que el jaspe.Más claro que el agua.Más fresco que una lechuga.Más astuto que una zorra.Completamente muerto.Más sordo que una tapia.Diferente como de la noche al día.Más seco que la mojama.Muy fácil.En forma.Liso como una tabla.Más fresco que una lechuga.Muy bueno.Verde como la hierba.Más alegre que unas Pascuas.418

As hot as fire.As light as a feather.As like as two peas.As mad as a hatter.As old as the hills.As pale as death.As patient as Job.As poor as a church mouse.As proud as a peacock.As quiet as a mouse.As red as betroot.As right as rain.As round as a barrel.As sharp as a razor.As silent as the grave.As slippery as an eel.As slow as a tortoise.As smooth as velvet.As sweet as honey.As thin as a rake.As timid as a mouse.As white as snow.As wise as an owl.Muy caliente.Ligero como una pluma.Como dos gotas de agua.Más loco que una cabra.Más viejo que Matusalén.Más blanco que la pared.Más paciente que el santo Job.Más pobre que una rata.Más orgulloso que un pavo real.Más callado que nunca.Más rojo que un pimiento.Más derecho que una vela.Más gordo que un barril.Muy ingenioso.Más callado que una tumba.Escurridizo como una anguila.Más lento que una tortuga.Más suave que un guante.Más dulce que la miel.Más delgado que un palo.Más tímido que nadie.Más blanco que la nieve.Muy sabio.419

REFRANESA bird in the hand is worth two in thebush.A cat may look at a king.A friend in need is a friend indeed.A man is known by his friends.A stich in time saves nine.Actions speak louder than words.All roads lead to Rome.All that glitters is not gold.Más vale pájaro en mano que cientovolando.Nada es imposible.Un amigo en la necesidad es unamigo de verdad.Dime con quién andas y te diré quiéneres.Quien no arregla la gotera, arregla lacasa entera.Obras son amores y no buenasrazones.Todos los caminos conducen a Roma.No es oro todo lo que reluce.All work and no play makes Jack a Debe de haber tiempo para todo.dull boy.Among the blind the one-eyed is king. En el país de los ciegos el tuerto es elrey.An apple a day keeps the doctor Una manzana al día, mantiene alaway.doctor en la lejanía.Barking dogs seldom bite.Perro ladrador, poco mordedor.Better be alone than in ill company.Better late than never.Birds of a feather flock together.Blood is thicker than water.Constant dripping wears the stone.Courtesy cost nothing.Más vale solo que mal acompañado.Más vale tarde que nunca.Dios los cría y ellos se juntan.La familia es lo que más tira.La constancia lo puede todo.La amabiliad no cuesta nada.Cut your coat according to your cloth. Amóldate a tu presupuesto.420

Don’t count your chickens until theyare hatched.Early to bed, early to rise makes a manhealthy, wealthy and wise.Example is better than precept.No hagas como en el cuento de lalechera.Acostarse pronto y levantarsetemprano hacen al hombre sano, ricoy sabio.El ejemplo es el mejor precepto.God helps those who help themselves. Dios ayuda a los que se ayudan a símismos.He who laughs last laughs longer. El que ríe el último, ríe mejor.He who pays the piper calls the tune.It’s no use crying over spilt milk.Look after the pence and the poundswill look after themselves.Make hay while the sun shines.Never look a gift horse in the mouth.One good turn deserves another.Out of sight, out of mind.Practice makes perfect.Such a father, such a son.The early bird catches the worm.Too many cooks spoil the broth.Two heads are better than one.El que paga manda.Agua pasada no mueve molino.Cuida de los peniques y las libras secuidarán solas.Disfruta mientras puedas.A caballo regalado no le mires eldiente.Un buen favor se paga con otro.Ojos que no ven, corazón que nosiente.La práctica hace maestros.De tal palo, tal astilla.A quien madruga Dios le ayuda.Demasiados cocineros echan aperder el caldo.Cuatro ojos ven más que dos.What’s worth doing is worth doing well. Lo que vale la pena hacer, vale lapena hacerlo bien.When the cat is away the mice willplay.Cuando el gato está ausente, losratones se divierten.Where there is a will, there is a way.Querer es poder.421

You can not have your cake andhave it.No puedes tenerlo todo.EXPRESIONES IDIOMATICASA close shave.A crying shame.A day off.A dish.A slip of the tongue.All alone.All in all.All over the world.All the same.April fool.As a matter of fact.As good as done.Be in a hurry.Be in the red.Be moody.Be the talk of the town.Be your age.Brand newBy heart.Por los pelos.Una vergüenza.Un día libre.Estar como un tren.Un lapsus.Más solo que la una.En resumidas cuentas.Por todo el mundo.A pesar de todo.Inocente.De hecho.Dar algo por hecho.Tener prisa.Estar en números rojos.Estar de mal humor.Ser la comidilla del pueblo.No seas niño. Compórtate.Nuevo.De memoria.422

By the way.Call a spade a spade.Crack a joke.Every now and then.Feel homesick.First things first.Follow suit.Get rid of.Give someone a cold shoulder.Give someone the sack.Go out on a spree.Go to hell.Goodness.Have a good time.Have a sweet tooth.Have forty winks.Have fun.Have the knack of.Hit the jackpot.I don’t give a damn.If the cap fits wear it.In black and white.In the twinkling of an eye.A propósito.Al pan pan y al vino vino.Contar un chiste.De vez en cuando.Sentir morriña.Lo primero es lo primero.Seguir el ejemplo.Librarse de.Dar de lado a alguien.Despedir a alguien del trabajo.Irse de marcha.Irse a la porra.Cielos.Pasarlo bien.Ser goloso.Dar una cabezadita.Pasarlo bien.Tener habilidad para algo.Tocarle a uno el gordo.Me importa un bledo.Si te pica, te aguantas.Por escrito.En un abrir y cerrar de ojos.423

In time.Inside out.It goes without saying.It’s up to you.Jump to conclusions.Keep one’s fingers crossed.Last but no least.Love at first sight.Many happy returns of the day.Mind your own business.Off the beaten track.On leave.On second thoughts.On time.Once and for all.Once in a blue moon.Once upon a time.One’s cup of tea.Out of the blue.Over and over again.Owe someone a grudge.Play host.Rack one’s brains.Ring a bell.A tiempo.Al revés.Ni que decir tiene.Depende de ti.Sacar conclusiones.Tocar madera.El último pero no por eso menosimportante.Amor a primera vista.Que cumplas muchos más.Métete en tus asuntos.Fuera de lo común.De permiso.Pensándolo mejor.Puntual.De una vez por todas.De uvas a peras.Érase una vez.Santo de devoción.De repente.Una y otra vez.Tenérsela jurada a alguien.Hacer los honores.Devanarse los sesos.Ser familiar.424

Show off.Sleep on it.Talk shop.The coast is clear.The last but one.There’s no accounting for taste.Third time lucky.Time is money.Time is up.To be like a bull in a china shop.Turn over a new leaf.Two heads are better than one.Presumir, ostentar.Consultarlo con la almohada.Hablar del trabajo fuera de horas.No hay moros en la costa.El penúltimo.Sobre gustos no hay nada escrito.A la tercera va la vencida.El tiempo es oro.Ser la hora.Ser un desmañado.Borrón y cuenta nueva.Cuatro ojos ven más que dos.425

TRABALENGUAS• She sells sea-shells on the sea-shore, and the shells she sells are sea-shells,I’m sure.• What kind of noise annoys an oyster?. A noisy noise annoys an oyster most.• When a doctor gets sick, and another doctor doctors him, does thedoctor doing the doctoring have to doctor the doctor the way thedoctor being doctored wants to be doctored, or does the doctor doingthe doctoring of the doctor, doctor as he wants to doctor?• Work while you work, play while you play. That is the way to be cheerfuland gay• Whether the weather is cold, or whether the weather is hot, we have toput up with the weather, wether we like it or notCITASEven God can not change the past.Eureka.Man is by nature a political animal.The price of wisdom is above rubies.A living dog is better than a dead lion.There is no new thing under the sun.When thou doest alms, let not thy left hand know what thyright hand doeth.Where your treasure is, there will your heart be also.Veni, vidi, vici.Cogito, ergo sum.It is a capital mistake to theorize before one has data.Agathon.Archimedes.Aristotle.The Bible.The Bible.The Bible.The Bible.The Bible.Julius Caesar.Descartes.Sir Arthur Conan426

Doyle.Good fences make good neighbours.It is better to die on your feet than to live on your knees.When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life; for there is inLondon all that life can afford.One should eat to live, and not live to eat.All animals are equal but some are more equal than others.Brevity is the soul of wit.Neither a borrower or a lender be.Robert Frost.La Pasionaria.Samuel Johnson.Moliere.George Orwell.Shakespeare.Shakespeare.427

ABREVIATURASa.m.A/c.AD.B.A.B.C.Before noon.Account.Anno Domini.Bachelor of Arts.Before Christ.B/E.B.B.C.Bros.c.a.d.C.O.D.C.W.O.Cfm.CIA.Co.Dept.e.g.FBI.G.M.T.GCE.H.M.H.R.H.I.O.U.Bill of exchange.British Broadcasting Corporation.Brothers.Cash againts documents.Cash on delivery.Cash with order.Confirm.Central Intelligence Agency.Company.Department.For example.Federal Bureau of Investigation.Greenwich Mean Time.General Certificate of Education.Her Majesty.His or Her Royal Highness.I owe you.428

IBM.IRA.ISBN.International Business Machine.Irish Republican Army.International Standard Book Number.K. A thousand.K.O.L/C.Ltd.m.p.h.MP.NASA.NATO.NHS.o.n.o.Knock-out.Letter of credit.Limited.Miles per hour.Member of Parliament.National Astronautic and SpaceAdministration.North Atlantic Treaty Organization.National Health Service.Or nearest offer.P. Pence.p.a.P.T.O.Pls.POB.R&D.R.S.V.P.Rgds.SOS.Thx.Per annum.Please turn over.Please.Post Office Box.Research and development.Répondez s’il vous pliat.Regards.Save our souls.Thanks.429

U.N.O.U.S.A.U.S.S.R.UFO.V.A.T.V.I.P.Y.M.C.A.United Nations Organization.United States of America.Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.Unidentified Flying Object.Value Added Tax.Very Important Person.Young Men’s Christian Association.430

ORACIONES y VILLANCICOSEL PADRE NUESTROOur father, who art in HeavenHallowed be thy nameThy kingdom comeThy will be done on earth as it is in heavenGive us this day our daily breadAnd forgive us our trespassesAs we forgive those who trepass againts usAnd lead us not into tempationBut deliver us from evilAVE MARÍAHail. Mary, full of graceThe Lord is with TheeBlessed art thou among womenAnd blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus.Holy Mary. Mother of GodPray for us sinnersNow and at the hour of our death. AmenHAPPY BIRTHDAYHappy birthday to youHappy birthday to youHappy birthday, dear….Happy birthday to youFor he’s a jolly good fellowFor he’s a jolly good fellowFor he’s a jolly good fellowAnd so say all of usAnd so say all of usAnd so say all of usFor he’s a jolly good fellowAnd so say all of us431

HOLY NIGHTSilent night, holy nightAll is calm, all is brightRound you Virgin mother and childHoly infant so tender and mildSleep in heavenly peaceSleep in heavenly peaceSilent night, holy nightSon of God, oh how brightLove is smiling from thy facePeals for us the our of graceChrist ous Saviour is bornChrist ous Saviour is bornJINGLE BELLSJingle bells, jingle bellsJingle all the wayOh what fun is to rideIn a one-horse open sleighDashing through the snowIn a one-horse open sleighOver the fields we goLaughing all the wayBells on bob-tail ringMaking spirits brightWhat fun it is to ride and singA sleighing song tonight. OhJingle bells, jingle bellsJingle all the wayOh what fun is to rideIn a one-horse open sleigh432

433

1) Mary.........a German boyfriend.a - Hasb - Havec - Are2) We .....................a nice park near Sagasta Sqaure.a - Hasb - Havec - Is3) Yesterday Mr García .......it was going to rain.a - Sayb - Saidc - Tells4) They were....................a fire yesterday.a - Madeb - Makingc - Doing5) My grandmother was always.................home.a - Atb - Inc - On6) Monforte is .................the road to Alicante.a - Onb - Inc - At7) He is very good .............music.a - Inb - Onc - At8) He is always ......a bad mood.a - Inb - Onc - At9) ......the moment things are very different.a - Inb - Atc - On10) He was ........the Navy.a - Inb - Onc - At11) She drives ........full speed434

a - Atb - Inc - On12) I am .............working there but I will change very soon.a - Stillb - Yetc - Already13) ¿Qué palabra tiene un sonido diferente?a - Threeb - Sheepc - Ship14) El verbo "to be " significa .......a - Tenerb - Ser o estarc - Parecer15) Si hablamos de un perro usaremos el pronombre........a - Itb - Hec - She16) ¿A qué categoría gramatical pertenece: " My, your, his, her, its, our, your ytheir "?a - Pronombres personalesb - Pronombres posesivosc - Adjetivos posesivos17) ¿Qué preposición debemos usar cuando hablamos de los dias de lasemana?a - Onb - Inc - At18) El verbo to have se usa para formar los tiempos.........a - Simplesb - Continuosc - Perfectos19) How.............you do?a - Dob - Amc - Is20) Let me introduce..........a - Meb - Myselfc - Mine435

21) I hope you enjoy..........stay.a - Youb - Yourc - Yourself22) Here you..........a - Areb - Isc - Am23) He.........a boy.a - Amb - Isc - Are24) Isabel...............a chocolate cake.a - Is eatingb - Is eatc - Is ate25) You..................too much.a - Are workb - Are workingc - Are worked26) María Teresa................a new book.a - Are writingb - Is writeingc - Is writing27) My sister is ..........doctor.a - Anb - Ac - Something28) Is Salinas............big city?a - Ab - Anc - These29) I went to the swimming pool.......hour ago.a - Anb - Ac - The30) He has ........cat.a - Anb - Ac - Many436

31) I don't work............Sunday.a - Inb - Onc - At32) I wake up.........8.00.a - Atb - Inc - On33) I look at the stars..................night.a - Atb - Inc - On34) I ......................like liver.a - Doesb - Doingc - Do not35) Where...........you from?a - Isb - Arec - Am36) What........your brother do?a - Dob - Doesc - Is37) How old ........you?a - Isb - Arec - Am38) What languages ........you speak?a - Doesb - Arec - Do39) ........were you born?a - Whereb - Whichc - What40) He............to the University.a - Goesb - Goc - Is go41) My wife.............at a High School.437

a - Teachesb - Teachc - Is tiching42) In summer, my daughter ...........her friend Marta.a - Missb - Missesc - Is missed43) He............the best player in Elda.a - Isb - Arec - Am44) I ..................................a shower.a - Am havingb - Hasc - Has having45) I ................................at the moment.a - Am smokingb - Smokeingc - Smoking46) He .....................................fat.a - Getb - Is gettingc - Gets47) My sister ............................................a chocolate cake for my birthday.a - Has been makingb - Has be madec - Has been makeing48) They are.....................playing football.a - Yetb - Stillc - Already49) He has.....................come back from school.a - Alreadyb - Yetc - Still50) She ..................................with us next April in Cazorla.a - Will fishb - Would fishingc - Would been fishing51) They ................................her at the airport tomorrow morning.a - Meet438

- Are meetingc - Meets52) I ...................................a Harley in November.a - Am drivingb - Is drivingc - Driving53) I ..............................him a María Callas CD for his birthday.a - Giveb - Givingc - Am giving54) The new teacher.................................at seven.a - Comeb - Is comeingc - Is coming55) We ...........................some money to charities.a - Givesb - Are giveingc - Are giving56) They ...........................to Majorca with all their friends.a - Are goingb - Goesc - Are go57) He ...............smoking next year.a - Giveb - Is giveing upc - Is giving up58) I ..........................her a new Polo for her birthday.a - Buysb - Am buyingc - Buy59) The sun ...............................................this afternoon.a - Shineb - Is shineingc - Is shining60) The waiter ..............................................a bottle of Rioja wine.a - Bringb - Bringedc - Is bringing61) Barcelona............against Manchester United in Junea - Will be playingb - Will play be439

c - Will be played62) Alejandro Sanz ...............................................a new album in March.a - Releaseb - Is releaseingc - Is releasing63) What .................................................for a living?a - Does you dob - Do you doc - Do you does64) I ...............................that this President will win again.a - Does not thinkb - Do not thinksc - Do not think65) He .............most of the homework with his mother.a - Doesb - Doingc - Do66) I have ..................................................paella every Saturday for years.a - Ateb - Eatc - Eaten67) They have just ............................................around Spain.a - Travelb - Traveledc - Travelled68) Flavio has ............................................his girlfriend.a - Forgaveb - Forgivec - Forgiven69) Toni has ...............................................fireworks for the summer party.a - Buyedb - Boughtc - Boughting70) Cayetano has ..........................................a new house for his family.a - Buildb - Builtc - Boughts71) Mario has ........................................................the beers in the bar.a - Paidb - Payedc - Paying440

72) My mother............her new portrait next week.a - Will have paintb - Will be paintc - Will have painted73) We ............................in this house since 1997.a - Livedb - Have being livingc - Have been living74) He ......................a book for a long time.a - Writesb - Is wrotec - Has been writing75) ........these books interesting?a - Isb - Arec - Am76) The baby.......eating the food.a - Amb - Isc - Are77) Cats.........black or white.a - Isb - Arec - Am78) Pepita ........three daughtres.a - Hasb - Haavec - Having79) Carlos is in Elche. .............works there in a shoe factory.a - Himb - Hec - His80) ..................says that Isabel is her best friend.a - Sheb - Herc - Hers81) I haven't ......................................money.a - Someb - Anyc - Something441

82) Would you like .........................chocolates?a - Anyb - Willc - Some83) Have you seen ................love film lately?a - Someb - Anyc - No84) There are.....................................boys playing football outside.a - Theseb - Somec - Any85) Is there.........................................cinema in town?a - Anyb - Somec - Six86) I've got ....................................books on computers.a - Anyb - Somec - Me87) ..........................there a bus from Alicante at 7.00?a - Isb - Arec - Am88) There...........two trains to Madrid every day.a - Isb - Arec - Am89) ................there a supermarket near here?a - Isb - Arec - Am90) There.................a parade next Saturday.a - Isb - Arec - Am91) There...............many restaurants in Benidorm.a - Isb - Arec - Am92) There.............a concert next June in Santa Pola.442

a - Isb - Arec - Am93) Pepi..............................swim very fast..a - Dob - Does notc - Do94) .........................you like football?a - Doesb - Doc - Are95) ...................Pepe read the paper?a - Dob - Doesc - Is96) I ............................eat meat.a - Do notb - Does notc - Will do97) I want two ......................of Fanta.a - Glassb - Glassvesc - Glasses98) This tree has many ..................................................a - Leafsb - Leavesc - Leafss99) In the zoo I saw four .....a - Sheepb - Sheepsc - Sheppes100) She has many .............................a - Worriesb - Worrysc - Worryes101) There are ........schools in Salinas. Only two.a - Littleb - Fewc - Much102) I have .........................money left.a - Little443

- Fewc - Many103) We have to study.........................books.a - Muchb - Manyc - Any104) Not ...................people smoke in this University.a - Manysb - Manyc - Fews105) They pay Zidane .......................money.a - Muchb - Manyc - Few106) There aren't ..............................towns in Teruel.a - Manyb - Muchc - Little107) They asked me ...........................questions.a - Manyb - Littlec - Much108) I don't have ................................time.a - Muchb - Manyc - Little109) Everybody says that Jorge is ..............................than his brother.a - More cleverb - The more cleverc - The most clever110) I am .............................teacher here.a - The oldestb - Olderc - Olderest111) This exercise is .......................................than the previous one.a - Easierb - Easyerc - Easiest112) When I was young Agustina was the .......................................swimmer in Elda.a - Fastestb - Fatesr444

c - The ffasterest113) This is ........................................book I have ever read.a - The goodestb - The besterc - The best114) You should eat ....................................chocolate.a - Littlerb - Lessc - Littlest115) The picture is .......................the wall.a - Atb - Inc - On116) We go to church ......................Sundays.a - Atb - Inc - On117) The milk's .......................................the fridge.a - Inb - Atc - On118) They sat ...........................the wall.a - Onb - Atc - In119) They made the film ....................Petrel.a - Inb - Atc - On120) Mary's not here - she's....................the office.a - Onb - Inc - At121) The ham is...................................the shelf in the kitchen.a - Onb - Inc - At122) They are all......................................the garden.a - Atb - Inc - On445

123) The papers are................................my desk.a - Inb - Atc - On124) He's not..........................................work today.a - Onb - Inc - At125) I'll see you ........................................Monday.a - Inb - Atc - On126) They came to visit us ....................my birthday.a - Inb - Atc - On127) Did you have a good time ......................Christmas?a - Inb - Atc - On128) School finishes ..................................three o'clock.a - Onb - Inc - At129) I'll meet you............................the station.a - Atb - Inc - On130) He's still..........................................school.a - Atb - Inc - On131) That picture....................the wall was painted by Vladi Monzó.a - Inb - Atc - On132) We're meeting...............................7.00 on Tuesday.a - Atb - Onc - In446

133) I ............................to the swimming pool every day at 5.00.a - Goingb - Goesc - Go134) ............................what he's saying?a - Do you understandb - Does you understandc - Did you understand135) Horatio ..........................................a shower at the moment.a - Is hasb - Is havingc - Has136) Somebody...............................to us.a - Is listensb - Listensc - Is listening137) She..........................to go home now.a - Is wantsb - Is wantedc - Wants138) How often ........................................a magazine?a - Do you readb - Does you readc - Did you reads139) The Town Hall ...........................................a new street to Alberto Navarro.a - Should dedicateb - Shall dedicatingc - Should to dedicate140) I .......................................................in Aspe tomorrow.a - Will beb - Will isc - Will am141) I .........................................my cousin in Madrid next week.a - Visitedb - Will visitc - Visit142) They ...........................a new road in 2007.a - Buildb - Will buildc - Builded143) I ........................................to the Yelmo Cineplex cinemas tomorrow.447

a - Wentb - Goc - Will go144) They ...........................in La Sirena next Saturday.a - Will be having dinnerb - Will dinner havec - Will be dinner145) I..........to Berlín in August.a - Will flyingb - Will flying bec - Will be flying146) They .............................a lot with that teacher.a - Will learnt haveb - Will have learntc - Will have learn147) He ...............................many countries in April.a - Will have seenb - Will seenc - Will be seen148) I .............................everything before 12:00.a - Will eatenb - Will have eatenc - Will be ate149) Next summer he ............................................a new car.a - Will boughtb - Will buyingc - Will have been driving150) In May he .......................................with a new team in France.a - Will playedb - Will have been playingc - Will playing be151) We.........................................many good films but this is the best.a - Has seeb - Has seenc - Have seen152) He ...............................some shoes to his brother.a - Has boughtb - Has buyc - Have bought153) The food ............................................horrible.a - Am448

- Wasc - Are154) The French ...........................Spanish very bad in the past.a - Speaksb - Spokec - Speaking155) Inmita .......to a swimming pool in the evenings when she was 3 years old.a - Wentb - Goc - Went156) When we lived in Alicante my wife ....................her mother every night.a - Phoneb - Phonedc - Phones will157) My aunt ............................gazpachos in the Culebrón.a - Ateb - Eatc - Will eats158) We.....................................a lot in England last summer.a - Enjoyingb - Enjoysc - Enjoyed159) Lady Hernández...............................her old boyfriend in a restaurant.a - Metb - Meetingc - Meets160) I ...............................more than ever last summer.a - Swimb - Swimmingc - Swam161) They .................................to Alicante when they were young.a - Will gob - Goesc - Went162) The doctor .......................us hat it was nothing important.a - Toldsb - Tellingc - Told163) The bus ...........................................in every city.a - Stopped449

- Stoppingc - Stop164) It ..........................................during the festivies.a - Rainedb - Rainingc - Raineing165) The alarm clock...............................................but I couldn't stop it.a - Ringingb - Ringsc - Was ringing166) He has............................................on weight since he got married.a - Putsb - Putc - Putting167) Pepe has...................................a new apartment in Santa Pola.a - Buyingb - Boughtedc - Bought168) My brother-in-law has...................................football in Alicante.a - Playsb - Playedc - Playeding169) Manuela ..........................................................aspirins for a long time.a - Is takesb - Is tookc - Has been taking170) Alberto Navarro ...........................his last book for over fifteen years.a - Has been writingb - Has be writingc - Has being writing171) There's nothing in the fridge. They..............all.a - Must have eatenb - Must has atec - Must had eaten172) My parents .............................me some money when I got married.a - Givingb - Gavenc - Gave173) I ............................................that she had won the lottery.a - Have knewb - Have known450

c - Has know174) Last summer they .......................................siesta before six.a - Was sleepingb - Sleepc - Were sleeping175) I .........................................................how to get to Alicante.a - Am explainingb - Explainsc - Does explain176) I' ve worked in Elche ...................six years.a - Sinceb - Forc - Ago177) I've lived in Elda ...................I was a child.a - Sinceb - Forc - Ago178) We have not been in Rome ...........we were married.a - Forb - Sincec - Ago179) I've known them ................years.a - Agob - Forc - Since180) She has been working here ...................she left school.a - Forb - Sincec - Ago181) He has been in prison..................nine years.a - Agob - Sincec - For182) Pepica has lived in Salinas.............................she was ten years old.a - Forb - Sincec - Ago183) He has been ill .........a long time.a - Forb - Sincec - Ago451

184) Pili is in her office. She's been there ..............7 o'clock.a - Agob - Forc - Since185) The bus is late. We've been waiting .........................20 minutes.a - Sinceb - Forc - Ago186) Laura is studying Medicine ............................1987.a - Agob - Forc - Since187) I've been learning English.............................January.a - Forb - Agoc - Since188) I've only been cycling to work......................two months.a - Forb - Sincec - Ago189) If you put ice in the sun it..............................................to water.a - Turnb - Turnsc - Turning190) If you...........................................this one I'll bring you another.a - Doesn't likeb - Didn't likec - Don't like191) If I ................................................studied I would get a better job.a - Hasb - Havec - Had192) If it ............more we could grow more trees.a - Rainb - Rainedc - Raining193) If I had bought lottery yesterday, today I..............................................rich.a - Would have beingb - Will have beenc - Would have been452

194) If I had known that they were in Elda l............................................ them tohave lunch in La Sirena.a - Willl have invitedb - Would have invitedc - Had invited195) Indicativo, Subjuntivo e Imperativo son:a - Modos verbalesb - Formas del adjetivoc - Tipos de adverbios196) ¿Qué nombre reciben los siguientes verbos: "to be, to have y to do "?.a - Auxiliaresb - Modalesc - Ordinarios197) My wife is........the kitchen.a - Inb - Onc - At198) I was .......the station.a - Inb - Onc - At199) The water is..........the fridge.a - Onb - Inc - At200) The book is ..........the table.a - Inb - Onc - At201) My mother is.........home.a - Onb - Inc - At202) My house is..............the road to Sax.a - Inb - Onc - At203) The football match ................................at 6:00.a - Startsb - Are startingc - Is starting453

204) We ....................................some books to the Public Library.a - Are givingb - Givesc - Giving205) He................................................smoking next year.a - Is give upb - Is giveing upc - Is giving up206) They ............................... "the cuartelillo ".a - Are cleanb - Are cleanigc - Are cleaned207) I like ..........................................fresh air in the mountains.a - Breathesb - Breathingc - Breathed208) Pleased to meet ............a - Yoursb - Usc - You209) I'll try .............English tea.a - Someb - Manyc - Any210) Don't ...............to him.a - Listenedb - Listenc - Listening211) You must .........it for us.a - Makeb - Makesc - Made212) How long have you ....................learning English?a - Beb - Beingc - Been213) That's .............a - Enoughb - Enougherc - Enoughing214) Teresa's ...........the phone.454

a - Inb - Onc - At215) Please hurry .............a - Downb - Inc - Up216) How ..............shirts are you going to buy?a - Manyb - Muchc - Often217) .........cash.a - Inb - Onc - At218) ..............credit card.a - Byb - Withc - In219) Shut up and mind your ........business.a - Ourb - Oursc - Own220) The streets ...........decorated.a - Areb - Isc - Will221) Come ..............about ten o'clock.a - Atb - Inc - On222) Let's ..............a good restaurant, I am very hungry.a - Findingb - Foundc - Find223) There has ........a car crash in Juan Carlos I.a - Beb - Wasc - Been224) What ................happened to him, he is very sad.a - Is455

- Hasc - Have225) A little boy called Jaime ......been knocked off by a bike.a - Isb - Havec - Has226) That ........be enough.a - Shouldb - Canc - Must227) Thank ......very much.a - Youb - Yoursc - Youm228) You'll need it when it gets ..........a - Coldestb - Colderc - Colding229) I ..........hope you've got everything now, Pepe.a - Didb - Doc - Does230) I'm really looking ...............to the concert!a - Forb - Forwardc - Up231) Wasn't it worth .................all those cars?a - Washingb - Washc - Washed232) I intend to get a job ........weekends.a - Inb - Onc - At233) I don't mind, .......................the hours are reasonable and the pay is good.a - Long sob - So long asc - As long as234) It was difficult at first..........to live alone in England.a - Haveb - Has456

c - Having235) ............all cars here are automatic.a - Nearlyb - Nearc - Close236) This is celebrated ......the fourth Thursday of November.a - Onb - Inc - At237) Give.............regards to your family.a - Meb - Myc - I238) Everyone ...........paella and ham in Spain.a - Lovesb - Lovec - Loving239) It says .......diving!a - Notb - Noc - Any240) I don't mind ............the same clothes everyday.a - Wearingb - Wearc - Weared241) I'll bring you a present ........the journey.a - Inb - Upc - On242) I suppose .......a - Asb - Soc - So as so243) That is the ............compliment you can pay to a girl like her.a - Greatb - Greaterc - Greatest244) José Luis says you are a very good .........a - Cookerb - Cookingc - Cook457

245) 5.900 ...............insurance and unlimited mileage.a - Includingb - Includesc - Include246) ...............interesting!a - Whatb - What anc - How247) I was .................sorry that I felt ashamed.a - Sob - Asc - So as248) You can ..............a taxi and go sightseeing.a - Spendb - Hirec - Look up for249) Can I .........a bike?a - Hireb - Spendc - Renting250) Imagine .........to work in the Sahara.a - Haveb - Havingc - Has251) People of your age ............not drink beer.a - Shallb - Willc - Should252) The place I enjoyed .............was the museum of Moder Art.a - Mostb - Morec - Little253) At what time did you .......................to the cinema last night?a - Gob - Wentc - Going254) I play football with.........a - Heb - Himc - His458

255) She is ..................secretary.a - Meb - Myc - Mine256) My wife eats ..................oranges.a - Manyb - Littlec - So257) The umbrella is..........a - Heb - Herc - Hers258) If I could, I ......................go to the cinema with you, darling.a - Wentb - Mustc - Would259) Girls, you ......................say those things about your friends.a - Haven't tob - Mustn'tc - Mustn260) Have another chocolate. No, thank you very much indeed, ....................toomuch.a - I've eatenb - I eatenc - I ate261) I think my brother ..................to come next month.a - Cansb - Couldc - Will be able262) Mr. Martínez ......................for a loan, but then, he won the lottery.a - Was askingb - Askingc - Askeing263) That girl is ............................pretty.a - Asb - So manyc - So264) How .......................you go to Sax tomorrow?a - Doesb - Shallc - Will459

265) My daughter hasn't ....................from school yet.a - Comedb - Comingc - Come266) Haven't you done it ....................?a - Agob - Yetc - For267) Manolo, .................go to the disco tonight.a - Let usb - We let'sc - We let268) You have to be much .....................when you use this.a - More carefulb - Carefulerc - Carefulest269) It was nice to see him again. I .........him for ages.a - Haven't seenb - Haven t seec - Saw270) Those are the ones .................came yesterday.a - Whob - Whomc - Whose271) It ...........for ages in Almeria. Said the weather forecast yesterday.a - Doesn't rainb - Did rainc - Hasn't rained272) I was going to write but the computer ...............down.a - Breakb - Breaksc - Broke273) Oscar always ...................tennisa - Playb - Playsc - Is play274) ......you born in Elda ?a - Hadb - Arec - Were275) Jesús you'd like to go to buy a new computer, .............you?460

a - Wouldb - Wouldn'tc - May276) My grandmother died at the .......of 89.a – Ageb - Yearsc - Years of277) Hey...........a look, Rocio Jurado is there with her husband.a - Haveb - Takec - Put278) Plaza Mayor .......in 1996.a - Was builtb - Will be builtc - Built279) What ....................happen if we didn't go to work?a - Willb - Wouldc - Must280) The local Council ...........do something about those houses!a - Must tob - Have toc - Must281) All these children are nice, but ours are ................a - Niecerestb - Nicerc - Nicest282) The shop was open this morning. It ...at 4:45.a - Openb - Was openc - Opened283) It ..............a lot in winter in Bocairente.a - Snowsb - Is snowedc - Is snowing284) We haven't seen the new Harry Potter film ...a - Yetb - Alreadyc - Still285) It's late and Juan is ...........in bed.a - Already461

- Stillc - Yet286) I think that "The Pillars of the Earth " is .........book I have read in my life.a - The bestb - Best thanc - The better287) If I were you, I .............work in that bank anymore.a - Wouldb - Wouldn'tc - Can288) Come on, boys. We .........win them this time.a - Mustb - Have toc - Have289) She is very pretty but my girlfriend is ........a - Prettierb - Prettiestc - The pretty290) I was listening to the news ...........TV when the baby began to scream.a - Onb - Inc - At291) This is the boy........father is the President of "The Moros Musulmanes ".a - Whoseb - Whatc - Which292) I ..........to London since 1993.a - Haven't beenb - Haven't gonec - Haven't go293) She doesn't live in Novelda, ...she?a - Dob - Doesc - Doesn't294) It........rain tomorrow.a - Mayb - Mustc - Can295) I am .............tall as Paco Cabrera.a - Asb - So462

c - So as296) This is the restaurant.........we celebrate our anniversary every year.a - Whereb - Whichc - What297) We........some money to buy a new fridge. Can we borrow from you?a - Needb - Mustc - May298) What's your new girlfriend like ?a - Very niceb - Very prettyc - Demanding299) It's very late and your brother is......a - Still in bedb - Still in the bedc - Already in bed300) There is......milk in the fridge.a - Nob - Somec - Many301) .........very nice car is a Mercedes.a - What ab - Howc - How a302) I want you to .................to my party.a - Cameb - Comingc - Come303) She gave him four .........of bread.a - Loafsb - Loavesc - Loavings304) She had .......money that she didn't know what to do.a - So muchb - So manyc - So305) He got married on the ...........of May.a - 3rdb - 3ndc - 3st463

306) My uncle has never been to Jamaica.a - Neither has mineb - Neither has mec - Neither has I307) I never listen to...radio at night.a - Ab - Thec - -308) Why don't you eat..........breakfast?a - Ab - Thec - -309) Before......lunch we played ATAJOS.a - Theb - -c - A310) ...........Vinalopó is the only river we have.a - -b - Thec - A311) .......wine is good if you drink properly.a - -b - Thec - A312) ........wine from Rioja is my favourite.a - -b - Thec - A313) I went to.......hospital to visit my friend Enrique who had a heart attack.a - Theb - -c - A314) Sarah goes to......church every Sunday with my wife.a - -b - Thec - A315) There is .......which is not very clear in this.a - Somethingb - Anythingc - Nothing464

316) The indians had many.......a - Chiefsb - Chievesc - Cifs317) My favourite.........were a ball and the Scalextrix.a - Toysb - Toyesc - Tois318) A famous English king had six........a - Wifesb - Wivesc - Wivess319) The plural of goose is...a - Goosesb - Geesec - Gees320) .........live in Elda.a - Usb - Wec - Our321) La casa de Manoli.a - House's Manolib - Manoli's housec - The manoli's house322) El coche de mi amigo.a - The my friend's carb - My friend's carc - Car's my friend323) La casa de los Torres.a - The Torres' houseb - Torres'ss housec - The house of Torres'324) We were.......the theatre last night.a - Inb - Onc - At325) I studied ........don Emilio's school from 1968 to 1975.a - Inb - Onc - At326) I met her ..........a lecture.465

a - Onb - Inc - At327) She studied........Oxford.a - Onb - Atc - Of328) She lives.....Oxford.a - Inb - Onc - At329) Elda is ......the road to Albacete.a - Inb - Onc - At330) I live ......the second floor.a - Inb - Atc - On331) I was born......Elda.a - Onb - Inc - At332) We have a house......the coast.a - Inb - Onc - At333) I met her..........the croosroads.a - Atb - Inc - On334) We arrived .......France in 1990.a - Atb - Inc - On335) We arrived ........Paris in 1991.a - Atb - Onc - In336) ......lunch time we drink coke.a - In466

- Onc - At337) ......the beginning of the book I didn't like very much.a - Inb - Onc - At338) ........first sight I fell in love with her.a - Atb - Inc - On339) We became friends.......last.a - Inb - Onc - At340) ........Christmas day my family come home.a - Inb - Onc - At341) You must be ......time for the plane.a - Inb - Onc - At342) Holidays in Spain are.......July to September.a - Forb - Fromc - At343) All the trains come......Alicante.a - Fromb - Forc - Up344) We are going .................the cinema tonight.a - Atb - Toc - In345) The safest way to travel is.......road.a - Onb - Inc - By346) We got.......the bus at 8.00.a - Inb - On467

c - By347) I go to work........foot.a - Inb - Onc - By348) ¿Qué forma verbal expresa intención?a - Going tob - Mustc - Need349) Let.................come.a - Herb - Shec - Hers350) Los advervios de frecuencia se colocan .......del verbo to be.a - Detrásb - Delantec - Cerca351) The thief........he had robbed all the jewels.a - Adnitedb - Admittedc - Admitedd352) I ................to London in 1987.a - Gob - Wentc - Gone353) She hates.......a - Washb - Washingc - Washed354) She never..........lies.a - Saysb - Tellsc - Speaks355) ........long have you been studying English?a - Whereb - Howc - What356) Novelda is.......than Monóvar.a - Farb - Further468

c - Furthest357) Pepe is .......rich as Manolo.a - Sob - Asc - Than358) ..........does she want?a - Whereb - Whatc - Who359) .......is this old car?a - Whoseb - Whoc - Whom360) .........was that pretty girl who was with you in the Plaza Mayor?a - Whob - Whosec - Whom361) She play tennis.a - So do sheb - So does shec - Does she so362) Are they.........waiting for the doctor?a - Stillb - Yetc - Already363) I haven't read the book about Garzon......a - Yetb - Stillc - Already364) I haven't written my Christmas cards......a - Stillb - Yetc - Already365) How much is two + three?a - Fiveb - Sixc - Seven366) We have.................magazines and books about Elda.a - A lotb - A lot ofc - Lots469

367) Good.......a - Iviningb - Eveningc - Evenning368) Thank you very much indeed. -You're.......a - Welcomeb - Welcomedc - Welcame369) .......Christmas Eve we have dinner together.a - Inb - Atc - On370) .........way, how is your family?a - Inb - Byc - Upon371) You never know........he is happy or sad.a - Wheneverb - Wheatherc - Whether372) My factory passed ........the hands of my uncle.a - Inb - Intoc - To373) If you ...............worried, tell your mother about it.a - Wereb - Arec - Had been374) If you................earlier tonight, we could go to the cinema.a - Comeb - Camec - Comes375) We never understood......he wanted to say.a - Whob - Whichc - What376) ......mind, I have another one. I will repair it.a - Neverb - Allc - Both470

377) If you work for......you will not have to suffer a boss.a - Youb - Yoursc - Yourself378) Many people nowadays live by.......a - Themb - Themselvesc - Their379) We enjoyed ..........in our honeymoon.a - Usb - Oursc - Ourselves380) My friend Tomás is a .........driver.a - Carefullyb - Carec - Careful381) He is always very......and sends me a Jabugo ham on November the 30th.a - Kindlyb - Kaindc - Kind382) We never speak..........about our friends.a - Badderb - Badlyc - Worse383) ......Lent people many people don't eat meat.a - Atb - Onc - In384) In the middle ....................August we organise many BBQs.a - Fromb - Ofc - On385) People .......the beach should drink water all the time.a - Inb - Onc - At386) We ought not to visit her. She........study.a - Hasb - Mustc - Have387) I went for a walk........Castelar Square.471

a - Aboutb - Afloatc - Around388) ......your mouth close all the time, only answer if the teacher asks you.a - Keepb - To keepc - Keeps389) My father-in-law arrived...........Alicante airport from Italy yesterday. Hewent to Lineapelle.a - Inb - Atc - On390) I haven't finished........a - Yetb - Alreadyc - Still391) If you can't water the plants, I ........do it for you.a - Wouldb - Willc - Won't392) All the shoes were........during the shoe fair in Milan.a - Sellb - Soldc - Selling393) Hallowen is......a - October 31stb - October 1rdc - October 1nd394) ........faithfully.a - Yourb - Yoursc - Yourself395) Everybody..........to make the beds.a - Hasb - Havec - To have396) There are.......good and bad methods of learning a language.a - Allb - Neitherc - Both397) No smoking.........be allowed in all the premises.472

a - Willb - Shallc - Is to398) When my mother was young my grandmother ........look after her.a - Usedb - Wouldc - To399) Why......you want to buy this? if it is of no use.a - Shallb - Willc - Should400) He........his wife he had had an affair with her best friend.a - Saidb - Toldc - Spoke401) He ...........to the waiter that the wine was not very good.a - Toldb - Saidc - Sayd402) Life is not easy. You can never..........what is going to happen.a - Sayb - Tellc - Knows403) "It has been the best day of my life "......my sister.a - Toldb - Saidc - Gueses404) It goes without........a - Tellingb - Sayingc - Explainig405) ........stupid of him!a - Whatb - Howc - What a406) I like swimming. -.......too.a - Ib - Myc - Me407) ........that Pepe were rich he would not be here.a - Provides473

- Providedc - Providing408) It was.............understood by all the students.a - Easyb - Easilyc - Easier that409) The party was.........planned.a - Wonderfullyb - Wonderc - Wonderful410) I don't think so......a - Personallyb - Personalc - Personaly411) The man with the moustache and the golden watch........be his father.a - Mustb - Canc - Need412) Do........home now it's very late!a - Gob - To goc - Goed413) Why .......him about the accident?a - To tellb - Tellc - Telling414) I went to the disco.......a - To danceb - Dancec - Dancing415) Is Real Madrid going to win the league?- I think.......a - Suchb - Soc - Some416) .......to speak.a - Sob - Suchc - As417) She lives ........a - The fifth floorb - On the fifth floor474

c - On the fivefth floor418) English people celebrate ..........................twelve days after Christmas' day.a - Twelfth's nightb - Twelve nightc - Twelves nights419) He ...................arrive late yesterday.a - Dob - Doesc - Did420) He has...................away because he was a little bit tired.a - Gob - Wentc - Gone421) Before my daughters were born I visited many....................with my wife.a - Countriesb - Countryesc - Cauntries422) Please.......................on the lights.a - To switchb - Switchc - Switching423) Don't forget ...............the letters.a - Postedb - To postc - Posts424) The park is......................the hospital.a - Nextb - Next toc - Next about425) Someone has......................the book from the library.a - Stealb - Stolec - Stolen426) She is always........................friends.a - Doingb - Madec - Making427) My daughters..................so much noise!a - Dob - Makec - Making475

428) What are you..................? -Just reading the paper.a - Makingb - Doingc - Make429) I have finished the book.- He said .................finished the book.a - He hasb - He hadc - He having430) We always arrive...............a - Earlyb - Earliestc - The earlier431) My parents work..............a - Hardb - Harder thanc - The hard432) It .................rain tonight. It is very dark.a - Mayb - Maysc - Mights433) At 9.00 am you must say good...................a - Nightb - Afternoonc - Morning434) American people often say..................instead of byea - So longb - So long asc - As by435) We eat ...............fish.a - Manyb - Muchc - Few436) I smoke..........................cigarettes than before.a - Fewb - Fewerstc - Fewer437) ....................wife's name is Inma.a - Ib - Mec - My476

438) They said he was a ...................teacher.a - Boredb - Boringc - Borerst439) I was .....................because the film was boring.a - Boringb - Borestc - Bored440) In a couple of hours the factory was.........a - Ablazeb - Ablasec - Ablasing441) He always says that ll the Chinese look..................a - Likeb - Alikec - Likes442) His .....................brother works in Perú.a - Elderb - Oldc - Older443) Sometimes she drives me.............a - Madderb - Madc - Madest444) Many peole are....................during the Moors and Christians Festivities.a - Drinkb - Drankc - Drunk445) The....................age of pop was the 60s.a - Goldb - Golgindc - Golden446) I have decided .................a new bike.a - Buyingb - Buyc - To buy447) They deserve.......................treated better.a - Beb - To bec - Being448) You had better...........................the car now. Next year the prices will go up.477

a - To buyb - Buyc - Buying449) Yo must avoid........................to him.a - Speakingb - To speakc - Speak450) I don't mind..........................to wait.a - To haveb - Havingc - Have451) ¿Qué clase de conjunción es "so "?a - Consecutivab - Copulativac - Adversativa452) ¿Qué clase de conjunciónes son "if, unless, as long as, provided that "?a - Condicionalesb - Causalesc - Finales453) ¿Cómo se llaman las palabrass que llevan acento?a - Átonasb - Tónicasc - Agudas454) ¿Cómo se llaman las palabras que no llevan acento?a - Átonasb - Llanasc - Esdrújulas455) ¿Cómo se llaman las palabras que llevan el acento en la última silaba?a - Agúdab - Llanac - Esdrújula456) ¿Cómo se denominan a los verbos ser y estar?a - Transitivosb - Copulativosc - Modales457) ¿Qué palabra tiene un sonido diferente?a - Paulb - Johnc - Four458) ¿Qué palabra tiene un sonido diferente?478

a - Hadb - Headc - Said459) ¿Qué palabra tiene un sonido diferente?a - Penb - Bedc - Pan460) ¿Qué palabra tiene un sonido diferente?a - Atb - Artc - Hat461) ¿Qué palabra tiene un sonido diferente?a - Patb - Matchc - Part462) ¿Qué palabra tiene un sonido diferente?a - Shopb - Sportc - Fox463) ¿Qué palabra tiene un sonido diferente?a - Fullb - Foolc - Pull464) ¿Qué palabra tiene un sonido diferente?a - Batb - Butc - Cup465) ¿Qué palabra tiene un sonido diferente?a - Runb - Rungc - Sank466) ¿Qué palabra tiene un sonido diferente?a - Heardb - Turnc - Debt467) ¿Qué palabra tiene un sonido diferente?a - Placeb - Playsc - Prize468) ¿Qué palabra tiene un sonido diferente?a - Bus479

- Oncec - Buzz469) ¿Qué palabra tiene un sonido diferente?a - Seatb - Sellc - Shell470) ¿Qué palabra tiene un sonido diferente?a - Thinb - Sinc - Thing471) ¿Qué palabra tiene un sonido diferente?a - Hamb - Humc - Bun472) ¿Qué palabra tiene un sonido diferente?a - Wasb - Washc - Ship473) ¿Qué palabra tiene un sonido diferente?a - Swanb - Baldc - Ball474) ¿Qué palabra tiene un sonido diferente?a - Wantb - Walletc - Salt475) ¿Qué palabra tiene un sonido diferente?a - Scarb - Partyc - Dollar476) ¿Qué palabra tiene un sonido diferente?a - Daughterb - Faultc - Because477) ¿Qué palabra tiene un sonido diferente?a - Beansb - Breadc - Dead478) ¿Qué palabra tiene un sonido diferente?a - Dryb - Big480

c - City479) ¿Qué palabra tiene un sonido diferente?a - Boreb - Canoec - Shoe480) Yes, they........interesting books.a - Isb - Arec - Am481) I...........a teacher.a - Isb - Amc - Are482) You.........the limit.a - Areb - Isc - Am483) I ....................tall.a - Isb - Amc - Are484) Horacio ......in Elche.a - Amb - Isc - Are485) I.........in the classroom.a - Amb - Isc - Are486) You.....................tall.a - Isb - Arec - Am487) Tres.a - Zruib - Treec - Three488) Cinco.a - Faifb - Fivec - Fife481

489) Diez.a - Tennb - Tentc - Ten490) Trece.a - Thirtenb - Therteenc - Thirteen491) Dieciséis.a - Sixtenb - Sisteenc - Sixteen492) Diecisiete.a - Seventeenb - Seventenc - Seveteen493) Madre.a - Sisterb - Daugherc - Mother494) Abuelo.a - Father in lawb - Grandfatherc - Granparentes495) Abuela.a - Motheroldb - Grandmotherc - Mother inlaw496) Hija.a - Daughterb - Sisterc - Mother497) Pariente.a - Relativeb - Parentc - Parenting498) Chaleco.a - Coatb - Waistcoatc - Tie482

499) Vaqueros.a - Jinsb - Jeansc - Troussers500) Macarena lives........Ronda.a - Inb - Onc - At483

Soluciones1. A 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. A 11. A 12. A 13. C14. B 15. A 16. C 17. A 18. C 19. A 20. B 21. B 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. C27. B 28. A 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. B 36. B 37. B 38. C 39. A40. A 41. A 42. B 43. A 44. A 45. A 46. B 47. A 48. B 49. A 50. A 51. B 52. A53. C 54. C 55. C 56. A 57. C 58. B 59. C 60. A 61. A 62. C 63. B 64. C 65. A66. C 67. C 68. C 69. B 70. B 71. B 72. C 73. C 74. C 75. B 76. B 77. B 78. A79. B 80. A 81. B 82. A 83. B 84. B 85. A 86. B 87. A 88. B 89. A 90. A 91. B92. A 93. B 94. B 95. B 96. A 97. C 98. B 99. A 100. A 101. B 102. A 103. B 104. B105. A 106. A 107. A 108. A 109. A 110. A 111. A 112. A 113. A 114. B 115. C 116. C 117. A118. A 119. A 120. C 121. B 122. B 123. C 124. C 125. C 126. C 127. B 128. C 129. A 130. B131. C 132. A 133. C 134. A 135. B 136. C 137. C 138. A 139. A 140. A 141. B 142. B 143. C144. A 145. C 146. B 147. A 148. B 149. C 150. B 151. C 152. A 153. B 154. B 155. A 156. B157. A 158. C 159. A 160. C 161. C 162. C 163. A 164. A 165. C 166. B 167. C 168. B 169. C170. A 171. A 172. C 173. B 174. C 175. A 176. B 177. A 178. B 179. B 180. B 181. C 182. B183. A 184. C 185. B 186. C 187. C 188. A 189. B 190. C 191. C 192. B 193. C 194. B 195. A196. A 197. A 198. C 199. B 200. B 201. C 202. B 203. A 204. A 205. C 206. B 207. B 208. C209. A 210. B 211. A 212. C 213. A 214. B 215. C 216. A 217. A 218. A 219. C 220. A 221. A222. C 223. C 224. B 225. C 226. A 227. A 228. B 229. B 230. B 231. A 232. B 233. B 234. C235. A 236. A 237. B 238. A 239. B 240. A 241. C 242. B 243. C 244. C 245. A 246. C 247. A248. B 249. A 250. B 251. C 252. A 253. A 254. B 255. B 256. A 257. C 258. C 259. B 260. A261. C 262. A 263. C 264. C 265. C 266. B 267. A 268. A 269. A 270. A 271. C 272. C 273. B274. C 275. B 276. A 277. A 278. A 279. B 280. C 281. B 282. C 283. A 284. A 285. B 286. A287. B 288. A 289. A 290. A 291. A 292. A 293. B 294. A 295. A 296. A 297. A 298. B 299. A300. A 301. A 302. C 303. A 304. A 305. A 306. A 307. B 308. C 309. B 310. B 311. A 312. B313. A 314. A 315. A 316. A 317. A 318. B 319. B 320. B 321. B 322. B 323. A 324. C 325. C326. C 327. B 328. A 329. B 330. C 331. B 332. B 333. A 334. B 335. C 336. C 337. C 338. A339. C 340. B 341. A 342. B 343. A 344. B 345. C 346. B 347. B 348. A 349. A 350. A 351. B352. B 353. B 354. B 355. B 356. B 357. B 358. B 359. A 360. A 361. B 362. A 363. A 364. B365. A 366. B 367. B 368. A 369. C 370. B 371. C 372. B 373. B 374. B 375. C 376. A 377. C378. B 379. C 380. C 381. C 382. B 383. A 384. B 385. B 386. B 387. C 388. A 389. B 390. A391. B 392. B 393. A 394. B 395. A 396. C 397. B 398. B 399. C 400. B 401. B 402. B 403. B404. B 405. B 406. C 407. B 408. B 409. A 410. A 411. A 412. A 413. B 414. A 415. B 416. A417. B 418. A 419. C 420. C 421. A 422. B 423. B 424. B 425. C 426. C 427. B 428. B 429. B430. A 431. A 432. A 433. C 434. A 435. B 436. C 437. C 438. B 439. C 440. A 441. B 442. A443. B 444. C 445. C 446. C 447. B 448. B 449. A 450. B 451. A 452. A 453. B 454. 455. A456. B 457. B 458. A 459. C 460. B 461. C 462. B 463. B 464. A 465. C 466. C 467. A 468. C469. C 470. C 471. A 472. A 473. A 474. C 475. C 476. C 477. A 478. A 479. A 480. B 481. B482. A 483. B 484. B 485. A 486. B 487. C 488. B 489. C 490. C 491. C 492. A 493. C 494. B495. B 496. A 497. A 498. B 499. B 500. A484