Information systems and organisational issues

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The value web is anetworked system thatcan synchronize thevalue chains ofbusiness partnerswithin an industry torespond rapidly tochanges in supply anddemand.The Value WebInformation systems can improve overallperformance of business units by promotingsynergies and core competencies• Synergies– When output of some units used as inputs toothers, or organizations pool markets andexpertise–Example: merger of Bank of NY and JPMorganChase–Purchase of YouTube by GoogleFIGURE 3-1245 © Prentice Hall 2011 3-4546 © Prentice Hall 2011 3-46Core competenciesNetwork‐based strategies• Activity for which firm is world‐class leader• Relies on knowledge, experience, and sharing thisacross business units•Example: Procter & Gamble’s intranet anddirectory of subject matter experts•Take advantage of firm’s abilities to network witheach other• Include use of:– Network economics–Virtual company model– Business ecosystems47 © Prentice Hall 2011 3-4748 © Prentice Hall 2011 3-48
Traditional and network economicsVirtual company strategy•Traditional economics: Law of diminishing returns–The more any given resource is applied to production, thelower the marginal gain in output, until a point is reachedwhere the additional inputs produce no additional outputs• Network economics:–Marginal cost of adding new participant almost zero, withmuch greater marginal gain–Value of community grows with size–Value of software grows as installed customer base grows•Virtual company uses networks to ally with othercompanies to create and distribute productswithout being limited by traditionalorganizational boundaries or physical locations•E.g. Li & Fung manages production, shipment ofgarments for major fashion companies,outsourcing all work to over 7,500 suppliers49 © Prentice Hall 2011 3-4950 © Prentice Hall 2011 3-50Business ecosystemsAn Ecosystem Strategic Model• Industry sets of firms providing related services andproducts– Microsoft platform used by thousands of firms–Wal‐Mart’s order entry and inventory management• Keystone firms: Dominate ecosystem and createplatform used by other firms•Niche firms: Rely on platform developed by keystonefirm• Individual firms can consider how IT will help thembecome profitable niche players in larger ecosystems51 © Prentice Hall 2011 3-51FIGURE 3-13The digital firm era requires a more dynamic view of the boundaries amongindustries, firms, customers, and suppliers, with competition occurring amongindustry sets in a business ecosystem. In the ecosystem model, multiple industrieswork together to deliver value to the customer. IT plays an important role in enablinga dense network of interactions among the participating firms.52 © Prentice Hall 2011 3-52
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Page 15: 4. How has the system installed by

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