Information systems and organisational issues

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Routines, Business Processes, and FirmsOrganizational politicsAll organizations arecomposed of individualroutines and behaviors,a collection of whichmake up a businessprocess. A collection ofbusiness processesmake up the businessfirm. New informationsystem applicationsrequire that individualroutines and businessprocesses change toachieve high levels oforganizationalperformance.• Divergent viewpoints lead to politicalstruggle, competition, and conflict• Political resistance greatly hampersorganizational changeFIGURE 3-413 © Prentice Hall 2011 3-1314 © Prentice Hall 2011 3-14Organizational cultureOrganizational environments:• Encompasses set of assumptions that define goaland product•What products the organization should produce•How and where it should be produced•For whom the products should be produced•May be powerful unifying force as well as restrainton change• Organizations and environments have a reciprocalrelationship• Organizations are open to, and dependent on, thesocial and physical environment• Organizations can influence their environments• Environments generally change faster thanorganizations• Information systems can be an instrument ofenvironmental scanning, act as a lens15 © Prentice Hall 2011 3-1516 © Prentice Hall 2011 3-16
Environments and OrganizationsHave a Reciprocal RelationshipDisruptive technologies• Technology that brings about sweeping change to businesses,industries, markets• Examples: personal computers, word processing software, theInternet, the PageRank algorithm• First movers and fast followers– First movers – inventors of disruptive technologies–Fast followers –firms with the size and resources tocapitalize on that technologyFIGURE 3-5Environments shape what organizations can do, but organizations caninfluence their environments and decide to change environments altogether.Information technology plays a critical role in helping organizations perceiveenvironmental change and in helping organizations act on their environment.17 © Prentice Hall 2011 3-1718© Prentice Hall 2011 3-185 basic kinds of organizational structureOther organizational features– Entrepreneurial:•Small start‐up business– Machine bureaucracy:•Midsize manufacturing firm– Divisionalized bureaucracy:• Fortune 500 firms– Professional bureaucracy:•Law firms, school systems, hospitals– Adhocracy:• Consulting firms• Goals• Constituencies• Leadership styles• Tasks• Surrounding environments19 © Prentice Hall 2011 3-1920 © Prentice Hall 2011 3-20
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Page 15: 4. How has the system installed by

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