Demonstrated concern for employeesBy providing stress services, administrators have an opportunity to demonstrate that they careabout their staff as human beings, not just as employees.With the Stress Program, things that were never addressed before get attended to: If there is anaccident or an assault and an officer is hospitalized, Dick [Gould, a staff member] is there. Hemakes sure they are cared for and talks to the officer's wife. A paramilitary organization can getimpersonal, so the program gives credence to the fact that the DOC cares about its employees.--Dennis Cullen, deputy director for labor relations, Massachusetts Department of CorrectionIf we expect staff to work in these conditions and we recognize the effects of the workingenvironment on them, we owe it to them to provide resources to cope with the stresses of thissetting.--A.T. Wall, director, Rhode Island Department of CorrectionsStress Programs Have Drawbacks--But <strong>The</strong>y Are Relatively MinorMultnomah County Sheriff Dan Noellea strong supporter of his department's stress program--says, "I am strapped for money, and the program does cost money [more than $87,000 a year]. Italso takes officers away from the job to be trained and retrained." Although a strong believer inher department's program, too, Kathleen Walliker, records administrator for the MultnomahCounty Jail, says:It takes time to address these [stress-related] issues, so it takes peer supporters away from theirassigned duties. We end up having to cover for two people (the troubled employee and the peer).It's a nuisance for me to let two people off for an hour to talk. And then coworkers can be jealousabout it. Coworkers may have to cover the troubled person's or peer's phone while they talk.A debriefer with the New York State Department of Correctional Services Post-Incident StressDebriefing Program felt some officers used the debriefing sessions after a major riot to get out ofwork. Bruce Baker, assistant commissioner, confirms that the only drawback to the program is"officers who are only slightly involved and unaffected see it as a day at the beach." However,Noelle, Walliker, and Baker all report the benefits of their stress programs unquestionablyoutweigh their drawbacks.Notes1. <strong>The</strong> National Institute of Justice has published a companion report for law enforcementofficers, Developing a Law Enforcement Stress Program for Officers and <strong>The</strong>ir Families,available free of charge from the National Criminal Justice Reference Service at (800) 851-3240and www.ncjrs.org. Finn, Peter, and Julie Esselman Tomz, Developing a Law EnforcementProgram for Officers and <strong>The</strong>ir Families, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice,National Institute of Justice, 1996, NCJ 163175.
2. "Commissioner Locks Down Prison to Improve Staff Morale," <strong>The</strong> Corrections Professional3 (20) (1998): 2.3. Because stress can be defined in a number of different ways, it has become a catchall"buzzword" for all kinds and levels of emotional and mental problems. Although someresearchers have pointed out that stress can have a positive influence, the term generally carries anegative connotation. This report uses the common dictionary definitions of stress: (a) a mentallyor emotionally disruptive and upsetting condition occurring in response to adverse externalinfluences and (b) a stimulus or circumstance causing such a condition.4. For example, Cornelius, G.F., Stressed Out: Strategies for Living and Working with Stressin Corrections, Laurel, Maryland: American Correctional Association, 1994; Ratner, A.M.,"Administrative Sources of Occupational Stress in a Correctional Setting," Sacramento,California: AIDE Behavioral Sciences, 1985; O'Brien, B., and Gustafson, [sic] "Stress inCorrections Officers: Iowa Department of Corrections Study," Washington, D.C.: U.S.Department of Justice, National Institute of Corrections, 1985, NIC 004028; Brodsky, C.M.,"Work Stress in Correctional Institutions," Journal of Prison & Jail Health 2 (2) (1982): 74-102; Cheek, F.E., "Reducing Staff and Inmate Stress," Corrections Today 44 (5) (1982): 72-76, 78; and Dahl, J.J., and S.S. Steinberg, "Management of Stress in Corrections: Participant'sHandbook," Washington, D.C.: University Research Corporation, 1979.5. Cheek, F.E., and M.D. Miller, "Prisoners of Life: A Study of Occupational Stress amongState Corrections Officers," Washington, D.C.: American Federation of State, County andMunicipal Employees, 1981.6. American Correctional Association, unpublished data provided by the Research Department,October 8, 1997.7. Slate, R.N., "Stress Levels and Thoughts of Quitting of Correctional Personnel: DoPerceptions of Participatory Management Make a Difference?" Paper presented at theAmerican Society of Criminology, New Orleans, November 1992.8. Ratner, A.M., "Administrative Sources of Occupational Stress in a Correctional Setting,"Sacramento, California: AIDE Behavioral Sciences, 1985.Sources of Information for This Publication<strong>The</strong> information in this report comes from five principal sources:(1) Literature on correctional officer stress (see the references at the end of chapter 2, "<strong>The</strong>Extent and Sources of Correctional Officer Stress").(2) In-person interviews with stress program staff, correctional administrators, and programclients in Rhode Island and Texas.
- Page 1 and 2: ISSUES AND PRACTICESAuthor: Peter F
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Exhibit 5-1 Union MemorandumAccordi
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The Counseling Team and Rhode Islan
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grant ended in December 1998, Sheri
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Snacks, lunch, and child care were
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As with wardens, seeing is believin
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1. For further information about th
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department. However, the rules of c
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John Near, the South Carolina DOC's
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While there is no evidence that deb
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Organizational changes departments
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* Appelbaum, P.S., and T.G. Gutheil
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Telephone hotline, providing 24-hou
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Chapter 7Evaluation, Funding, and T
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the regional teams and facility adm
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A psychologist hired under the gran
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Assuming four of the five unit memb
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consultation.
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the survey that will follow." The r