ISSUES AND PRACTICES.pdf - The Counseling Team International

13. Warchol, Greg, Workplace Violence, 1992-96, Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report,Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, 1998, NCJ 168634.14. Cornelius, G.F., "Keys to Effective Inmate Management: Avoiding Manipulation," in TheEffective Correctional Officer, Laurel, Maryland: American Correctional Association, 1992:75-82. See also Kauffman, Prison Officers and Their World, pp. 56-57.15. Marston, J.L., "Stress and Stressors: Inmate and Staff Perceptions," American Jails 7 (4)(1993): 21-30.16. Van Fleet, F., "Correctional Officers and Their Families: Dealing with Stress," in TheEffective Correctional Officer, Laurel, Maryland: American Correctional Association, 1992:37-44.17. Maghan, J., and L. McLeish-Blackwell, "Black Women in Correctional Employment," inChange, Challenges, and Choices: Women's Role in Modern Corrections, ed. J.B. Morton,Laurel, Maryland: American Correctional Association, 1991: 82-99; Kauffman, Prison Officersand Their World; and Harris, G.A., "Stress in Corrections," Topeka, Kansas: WashburnUniversity, 1980.18. Woodruff, "Occupational Stress for Correctional Personnel"; and Cheek, F.E., and M.D.Miller, "New Look at Officers' Role Ambiguity," in Correctional Officers-Power, Pressureand Responsibility, ed. J.N. Tucker, Laurel, Maryland: American Correctional Association,1983.19. Burnout has been defined as a process that produces three conditions: (1) emotionalexhaustion or feelings that the person is overextended and exhausted by the job; (2)depersonalization that causes impersonal and cynical interactions with clients; and (3) lack offeelings of personal accomplishment. Maslach, C., and S. Jackson, "The Measurement ofExperienced Burnout," Journal of Occupational Behavior 2 (1981): 99-113. While there is notime limit or period in which workers burn out, five stages of burnout have been identified thatmany workers pass through in the process of becoming burned out: honeymoon (e.g., the officerloves his or her job and works hard); fuel shortage (e.g., the officer no longer enjoys going towork every day and gets tired more and more easily); chronic symptoms (e.g., the officer beginsto experience chronic headaches and tunes out his or her family by watching a lot of television);crisis (the officer complains constantly to coworkers about the job; physical and mental problemsget worse; and the officer is fed up with inmates, supervisors, and the paperwork); and "hittingthe wall" (the officer quits the job, walks out on the family, or continues to work but thinksobsessively about how bad it is). Veninga, R., and J. Spradley, The Work Stress Connection: