Imagecraft c compiler and development environment for the atmel avr

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ICCV8 for AVR – C Compiler for Atmel AVRStack and Heap FunctionsBesides static program areas, the C runtime environment contains two additional dataregions: the stack area and the heap area. The stack is used for procedure calls, localand temporary variables, and parameter passing. The heap is used for dynamicallyallocated objects created by the standard C malloc(), calloc(), and realloc()calls. To use the heap functions, you must first initialize the heap region. See StandardLibrary And Memory Allocation Functions.There is no provision for stack overflow checking, so you must be careful not tooverrun your stack. For example, a series of recursive calls with a large amount oflocal variables would eat up the stack space quickly. When the stack runs into othervalid data, or if it runs past valid addresses, then Bad Things Can Happen (tm). Thestack grows downward toward the lower addresses. IIf you use #pragma text / data / lit / abs_address to assign your ownmemory areas, you must manually ensure that their addresses do not overlap theones used by the linker. As an attempt to overlap allocation may or may not cause thelinker to generate an error, you should always check the .mp map file. Use the IDEmenu selection (View->Map File) for potential problems.152
COMMAND-LINE COMPILEROVERVIEWCompilation Process[ Underneath the user-friendly IDE is a set of command-line compiler programs. Whileyou do not need to understand this chapter to use the compiler, this chapter is goodfor those who want to find out “what's under the hood.” ]Given a list of files in a project, the compiler's job is to translate the files into anexecutable file in some output format. Normally, the compilation process is hiddenfrom you through the use of the IDE’s Project Manager. However, it can be importantto have an understanding of what happens “under the hood”:1. icppw.exe, the C preprocessor, processes the # directives in a C source file.2. iccomavr.exe, the compiler proper, translates the preprocessed source file toan assembly file.3. iasavr.exe, the assembler, translates each assembly file (either from thecompiler or assembly files that you have written) into a relocatable object file.4. ilnkavr.exe is the linker. After all the files have been translated into object files,the linker combines them together to form an executable file. In addition, a mapfile, a listing file, and debug information files are also output.5. Optionally, the linker performs the Code Compression optimization and generatesoptimized output file.6. ilstavr.exe, the listing file manager, generates the .lst intersperse C andasm listing file.7. icc2avr-elf.exe generates the ELF production file.All these details are handled by the compiler driver. You give it a list of files and ask itto compile them into an executable file (default) or to some intermediate stage (forexample, to the object files). The driver invokes the compiler, the assembler, and thelinker as needed.The previous versions of our IDE generate a makefile and invoke the make program tointerpret the makefile, which causes the compiler driver to be invoked.Version 8’s Code::Blocks IDE (C::B) does not use the make program and uses aninternal build system that calls the compiler driver directly.
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Imagecraft c compiler and development environment for the atmel avr

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