Blighted by KenningApples infected with knowledgeA collaboration between the <strong>Netherlands</strong><strong>Proteomics</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> and Charlotte Jarvis24 |From November 15 th to December 6 th 2012 the bio-artproject Blighted by Kenning is showcased at Hôtel Droog,Amsterdam. The <strong>Netherlands</strong> <strong>Proteomics</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> (<strong>NPC</strong>)and the British artist Charlotte Jarvis worked for almost ayear on the project, in which apples grown at the Haguewere ‘contaminated’ with synthetic DNA encoded with theUniversal Declaration of Human Rights. Martje Ebberink,communications manager at the <strong>NPC</strong>, tells us more aboutthe realisation of the project, the collaboration betweenCharlotte Jarvis and the scientists, and the hurdles theyhad to overcome.Martje Ebberink remembers it as if it were yesterday. Sheexplains: “The 6 th of December 2011 was the turning pointfor Blighted by Kenning. Although remarkably enough, it wasalso the day we lost the Designers & Artists for GenomicsAwards (DA4GA) contest. This inventive competition bringstogether elements from life sciences, art and design with theaim of bridging the gap between the life sciences and creativeindustries.” During the so-called ‘speed dates’ scientists fromleading genomics institutes, artists and designers were introducedto each other. Genomics centres and artists that werea ‘match’ were then asked to submit a proposal. On the lastday of the contest, seven finalists presented their collaborativeideas to a professional jury from the fields of art andscience. “From the moment we met Charlotte, we knew thiscould be the start of an innovative relationship. We stronglybelieve in Charlotte and the project,” states Ebberink. “Afterall the enthusiasm and positive reactions from professionalsin the arts and sciences, we were disappointed that we werenot one of the prize winners. We certainly would have beenpleased to bring the project to life with a budget of €25.000and showcase it at the museum Naturalis in Leiden.” The <strong>NPC</strong>found Charlotte’s idea so inspiring that they decided to makeit a reality without the help of the DA4GA, and named herresident artist. From then on things moved very quickly.Artistically and scientifically uniqueAfter much preparation, Charlotte presented her vision at the<strong>NPC</strong> Progress Meeting in February 2012. Scientists at the <strong>NPC</strong>then went to work on bio-engineereing a bacteria so that TheUniversal Declaration of Human Rights would be encoded intoits DNA. The synthetic DNA was extracted from the bacteriaOn August 4, 2012 the grand opening of the Blighted by Kenningexhibit was held in a former dairy warehouse on the coast of Suffolk(UK) where a small apple orchard of thirteen trees was installed.
During the opening ceremony Charlotte Jarvis ate one of the forbidden fruits.and used to ‘contaminate’ apples from The Hague, which weresent to genomics laboratories around the globe. Researcherswho received the contaminated apples were asked to sequencethe DNA, find the hidden message and send back atranslation.Life sciences join forces with art & designThe project is essentially a performance art piece in which anidea is biologically and literally spread across the world. It isartistically and scientifically unique in that it will create aninternational network of genomics institutes and a meaningfulmessage by spreading a genetically engineered material. “Ourhope is that Blighted by Kenning will contribute to the understandingof how information is encoded and expressed withinDNA. We want to encourage people to think about what kindof information is contained within genetic material and howthis can be manipulated. By creating a network of internationalinstitutions that contribute to the project, a statementwill be made about the importance of genomics research andthe interaction between science, technology and society,”says Ebberink.Getting the licenceWhile working on the project, Charlotte Jarvis and the <strong>NPC</strong>encountered several obstacles. Ebberink explains: “At first wewanted to use the bacteria itself to contaminate the apples,not just its DNA. After consulting scientists at the <strong>NPC</strong>, somecompanies and a science museum, it was anticipated that itwas nearly impossible to legally exhibit a Genetically ModifiedOrganism (GMO) in a gallery.” Reinout Raijmakers, ManagingDirector of the Bijvoet <strong>Centre</strong> of Utrecht University, whoserved as a consultant for the scientific part of the project,came up with the idea to extract the DNA from the bacteria(leaving ‘naked DNA’ which does not carry the environmentalrisks associated with GMOs) and use this inert material tocontaminate the apples. “Using naked DNA allowed us morefreedom that might not otherwise be possible. For instance,we wanted to be able to ask people to eat the apples. Eatingthe apple allows scientists to make a gesture in support ofgenetics research,” Ebberink argues.The decision was made to use the naked DNA, but things tooklonger than expected to get started. The most difficult partof the project was getting the licence to make the bacteria.She explains: “It turns out that we were the first group inthe <strong>Netherlands</strong> to suggest encoding a fully synthetic proteinsequence in DNA. Consequently, we were required to provideadditional safety measures in order to obtain a license tomake the DNA sequence.” After a couple of months, the <strong>NPC</strong>finally received notice that the permit was approved, and theapples were produced and mailed off to different corners ofthe earth.Orchard inside the galleryOn August 4, 2012 the grand opening of the Blighted byKenning exhibit was held in a former dairy warehouse on thecoast of Suffolk (UK) where a small apple orchard of thirteentrees was installed. Ebberink reports: “Hanging on oneof the trees was a sample of our forbidden fruit. There wasalso a billboard set up in the space, displaying images of TheDeclaration of Human Rights expressed as a protein. Films ofthe scientists eating the fruit, documents sent by institutesafter sequencing the apples and a wall of correspondencedetailing the making of the project were included in the exhibit.”During the opening ceremony Charlotte Jarvis ate oneof the forbidden fruits. The next installment of the exhibit atHotel Droog in Amsterdam will be more or less the same, butwill include a documentary of the project.Round table events were organised at both locations to questionthe current state of play with regards to popular perceptionsof genetics. The topics were introduced by a number ofspeakers from science, the press and the arts, with an openfloor discussion to close out the debate.| 25Images of The Declaration of Human Rights expressed as a protein.Join us at Hôtel DroogBlighted By Kenning is on view till December 6th atHôtel Droog, Staalstraat 7B, 1011 JJ Amsterdam.For more information, visitwww.drooglab.com/projects/events/ orwww.netherlandsproteomicscentre.nl