Q-Mode and R-Mode Factor Analysis in Quantitative Studies of ...
Q-Mode and R-Mode Factor Analysis in Quantitative Studies of ...
Q-Mode and R-Mode Factor Analysis in Quantitative Studies of ...
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Q-<strong>Mode</strong> And R-<strong>Mode</strong> <strong>Factor</strong> <strong>Analysis</strong> In <strong>Quantitative</strong> <strong>Studies</strong> Of Micr<strong>of</strong>ossilsTERRÆ 7(1-2):41-49, 2010can be expla<strong>in</strong>ed by their different function. Once<strong>in</strong>terested <strong>in</strong> along time samples <strong>in</strong>ter-relationshipsQ-mode technique should be chosen, however, ifspecies <strong>in</strong>ter-relationship is enquired, then R-modewould be more appropriate.We believe that as long as we are <strong>in</strong>terested <strong>in</strong>improv<strong>in</strong>g paleoceanographic <strong>in</strong>ferences based onmar<strong>in</strong>e micropaleontological quantitative data sets,Q-mode factor analysis is recommended. Q-modetemporal elucidation, its higher reliability regard<strong>in</strong>gcorrelation coefficients <strong>and</strong> its f<strong>in</strong>est <strong>in</strong>terpretableresults are some advantages po<strong>in</strong>ted out over theR-mode technique.The complete data set from statistical analysisare available at: http://lapas-io.blogspot.com/2010/10/tabelas-do-artigo-hirama-et-al-2010.html6. AcknowledgmentsWe would like to express our thanks to MariaGomez Pivel for helpful discussions on earlierversion <strong>of</strong> this manuscript. This study was f<strong>in</strong>anciallysupported by FAPESP (Fundação de Amparoà Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo), process04/02819-8. We thank Petrobras for provid<strong>in</strong>g thesamples. This is Laboratório de Paleoceanografia doAtlântico Sul (LaPAS) contribution number 13.Figure 8 – SAN-76 R-mode factors 1 to 11 scores, oxygenisotopic curve <strong>and</strong> planktonic foram<strong>in</strong>ifera determ<strong>in</strong>edzones Z (<strong>in</strong>terglacial) <strong>and</strong> Y (glacial)7. ReferencesAndreasen, D.J. & Ravelo, A.C. 1997. Tropical PacificOcean thermocl<strong>in</strong>e depth reconstructions forthe last glacial maximum. Paleoceanography, 12(3): 395-413.Andruleit, H., Rogalla, U. & Stäger, S. 2004. Fromliv<strong>in</strong>g communities to fossil assemblages: orig<strong>in</strong><strong>and</strong> fate <strong>of</strong> coccolithophores <strong>in</strong> the northernArabian Sea. Micropaleontology, 50 (1), 5-21.Bown, P.R. & Young, J.R. 1998. Techniques. In: P.R.Bown (Ed.). Calcareous Nann<strong>of</strong>ossil Biostratigraphy.Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 16-28.Bradley, R.S. 1999. Mar<strong>in</strong>e sediments <strong>and</strong> corals. In:R.S. BRADLEY. Paleoclimatology – reconstruct<strong>in</strong>gclimates <strong>of</strong> the Quaternary. Burl<strong>in</strong>gton: ElsevierAcademic Press. p.191-283.Br<strong>and</strong>, L.E. 1994. Physiological ecology <strong>of</strong> mar<strong>in</strong>ecoccolithophores. In: A. W<strong>in</strong>ter & W. Siesser(eds.). Coccolithophores. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press, p. 39-49.48a5_t7.<strong>in</strong>dd 48 27/01/2011 11:28:07
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