1984 - Planet eBook

cialist movement and inherited its phraseology, has in factcarried out the main item in the Socialist programme; withthe result, foreseen and intended beforehand, that economicinequality has been made permanent.But the problems of perpetuating a hierarchical societygo deeper than this. There are only four ways in whicha ruling group can fall from power. Either it is conqueredfrom without, or it governs so inefficiently that the massesare stirred to revolt, or it allows a strong and discontentedMiddle group to come into being, or it loses its own selfconfidenceand willingness to govern. These causes do notoperate singly, and as a rule all four of them are present insome degree. A ruling class which could guard against allof them would remain in power permanently. Ultimatelythe determining factor is the mental attitude of the rulingclass itself.After the middle of the present century, the first dangerhad in reality disappeared. Each of the three powerswhich now divide the world is in fact unconquerable, andcould only become conquerable through slow demographicchanges which a government with wide powers can easilyavert. The second danger, also, is only a theoretical one.The masses never revolt of their own accord, and they neverrevolt merely because they are oppressed. Indeed, so longas they are not permitted to have standards of comparison,they never even become aware that they are oppressed. Therecurrent economic crises of past times were totally unnecessaryand are not now permitted to happen, but otherand equally large dislocations can and do happen without