STOVE GUIDE - The Stove Yard

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HEAT STORAGE STOVES WITH HEAT STORAGE ELEMENTS In recent years heat storage stoves have experienced a renaissance, partly due to the rising costs of alternative forms of heating a home – but that‘s not the only reason. Modern houses are much better insulated and therefore need less heating energy to keep them warm. The captured heat which is gently released from a stove with ceramic or stone heat storage elements can be, for many people, sufficient to meet a lot of their heating needs as well as being a very pleasant form of heat. However, there is a misleading impression given today that the use of heat storage elements make a stove more efficient – which we‘re sad to say is not the case. While there is no doubt they do provide a practical heating solution, they do not increase the heat efficiency, merely delay the release of heat that would have been delivered anyway. Efficiency is determined by the energy yield from the fuel burned in the fire chamber – whether it‘s radiated, convected or released through a heat storage mass. STEEL BODIED STOVES A typical convection stove with a steel body and without any heat storage elements will deliver direct heat quickly into the room. With the recommended full fuel load burning the stove will transmit the highest heat output but, as the fire burns down, then the heat transmission is also reduced because the stove does not have a heat sink only the thermal mass of its bodywork. During the stove‘s operation the heat output develops the following way: • Large fire = high heat output • Small fire = lower heat output The heat output curve during a normal operation period will therefore have its ups and downs as fuel is reloaded. However, this curve can be significantly altered by heat storage. HEAT STORAGE STOVES Convection stoves are normally not designed to include a space for a heat storage mass – there simply isn‘t the space inside the traditional format, and until recently there just hasn‘t been the demand. The heat storage capacity of a stove, say with with stone or ceramic heat storage elements, is determined by the mass and specific weight of the heat storage material. The greater the mass then the greater the heat storage potential and the longer the heat will last. The big advantage of a stove with additional heat mass is that the stored heat ‘irons out’ the peaks and troughs associated with stoves without heat storage, discussed above. So when the fire is large the heat is transferred to the heat mass and when the fire is small, even with only the burning embers left, the saved heat is released into the room. Stoves with heat storage elements thus have a linear, consistent heat output, making them very comfortable to live with. HEAT TRANSFER With or without heat storage elements without… without… without… with… with… with… large... small... large... small... large... etc. HEAT STORAGE MATERIALS Thermal mass is the ability of a material to absorb heat energy. A lot of heat energy is required to change the temperature of high density materials like Soapstone (traditionally used for heat storage) and so these materials are described as having a high thermal mass. Conversely lightweight materials, such as timber, have a low thermal mass. Thermal mass acts like a thermal battery which stores and re-radiates heat. However, heat storage elements should also demonstrate good thermal conductivity by allowing heat to flow through them. For example Stone is a good conductor of heat but if conductivity of a material is too high (for example steel) then the energy which was quickly absorbed will also be given off too quickly to create the beneficial time delay essential for heat storage stoves. As the heat storage material absorbs the heat from the stove, especially at the peak of the burn cycle, energy waste is eliminated 78 and later, with the time-delayed heat release, all of the heat produced is delivered to the room. Ceramic, Sandstone and similar materials, with their lower thermal conductivity, need longer to get fully ‘charged’ with energy, but as can be seen from the table, they have the advantage that they release their energy slowly too and make an excellent and attractive alternative to traditional soapstone heat sinks. Material Gross Density kg/m 3 Basalt Lava 3000 3,0 Soapstone 2980 6,4 Granite 2800 3,5 Sandstone 2400 2,1 Ceramics (dense) 2400 2,1 Thermal Conductivity λ TECHNICAL INFORMATION Different heat requirements can be fulfilled by choosing materials with different densities and thermal conductivities. The more dense a material is then the greater is its specific weight. The time based conductivity of the material is determined by the composition of the material. The higher the λ-value is then the better the conductivity. So, fast thermal conductivity, for example high density steel, produces a shorter thermal wave. It is materials such as soapstone with longer thermal waves that show a greater time-delay. HEAT RADIATION Critical for healthy heating is heat which is equally distributed throughout the living space and not the intensely high heat which is radiated from a traditional stove. The intensity and the high thermal conductivity speed (high λ-value) is consequently not the best solution for effective and comfortable stored heat. Even if the convection channels of a stove were closed up you would not get a higher heat output either. Heat which would therefore not get to the room through the convection channels is only time delayed through the heat storage value of the heat storage material. STORAGE CAPACITY As a general rule one can say that the more mass and surface storage a stove body has, then the more heat can be absorbed and then released later and it is the thermal conductivity of the bodywork and heat sinks that determine the time delay of released heat. Be wary of unsubstantiated claims of 'post heating' periods of 15 hours or more which are probably misleading – simply compare the overall weight of the stoves and the materials used for the heat storage. Heat storage stoves can only release to the room the heat that was originally absorbed. The more mass and the longer this mass is heated then the longer the time span this heat can be released to the room. 30 to 40kg of heat storage mass would typically require around 1 hour of pre-heating. SPOILT FOR CHOICE DAN SKAN now offer you an attractive choice of highly efficient heat storage stoves with a number of alternative heat mass materials and finishes, not only designed to fit in with your interior decor but your lifestyle too. We can be happy that nowadays we live in better insulated houses, in which heating with wood is a realistic as well as comfortable choice, that will save money general heating costs. The good news is that heat storage has made the choice to heat with wood even more attractive.
TIPS FOR STOVE OWNERS FROM THE HEATING EXPERTS STARTING TO USE YOUR NEW STOVE To get the best out of your new stove it must be 'run-in' like a car. The first five burns should be taken gently, starting with a small fuel load and then building to a full fire load, allowing the stove to get cold again between each firing. This is especially important if your stove has ceramic panels. These need to avoid thermal shocks as they build towards their function as heat exchangers. at the start you will not yet have a bed of heat-reflecting ash in your new stove, so on the first firing you can use some garden earth to cover the middle grate to help make it air-tight, otherwise the Dan SKan air wash system will not perform the way that it is meant to. Each time the stove is burned and it reaches a new higher temperature than before you may see light smoke coming from the stove and smell paint fumes. This is perfectly normal as the bodywork paintwork begins to cure. avoid touching any paintwork when it is hot, even when wearing a heat resistant glove, until it is fully cured. During 'running-in' you should ensure that your room is well ventilated by opening a door or window to the outside air. ALWAYS LEAVE WOOD ASH IN THE GRATE a well cared for stove will bring you the greatest pleasure. However, this does not mean that the fire chamber has to be cleared of wood ash every time you light a new fire – on the contrary: wood fires burn much better on a bed of heat-reflecting ash. always leave a bed of old ash approximately 50mm (2") deep as this, along with the riddle grate in the closed position, will provide the 'grateless' burning that wood fuel needs and also ensure that your stove's air wash system will be fully functional. The bed of wood ash will help protect the cast iron grate from over-heating and prolong its lifespan. never allow the ash pan to overfill so that the ash touches the base of the grate, as again, this could overheat the grate. AVOID THERMAL SHOCK One of the practical features of many Dan SKan stove models is the ability to use them for cooking and warming food. However, care should be taken to avoid placing cold saucepans and bowls etc directly on to any of the stove‘s hot surfaces, including ceramic and stone, as this could cause them to crack or break due to the sudden temperature change or localised and uneven build-up of temperature around the vessel footprint. always use a metal trivet or ‘coaster’ which will provide a small air space between it and the stove. Dan SKan trivets with metal feet, are available in the original stove bodywork colours of black (S) or grey (g). Please also remember, that underneath Dan SKan stone baking trays and top plates fire rope should be placed to provide a small air gap which will also allow for expansion of these panels and help avoid potential cracks and breaks. CLEANING THE GLASS Dirty windows and fire chamber walls are usually a consequence of a lack of combustion air (fire burning too low) or the use of damp or unseasoned wood and you should always try to investigate and remedy such problems. all Dan SKan stoves feature extremely tough ceramic glass which can be easily cleaned without using chemicals or proprietary cleaners by gently rubbing the stained area with fine wire wool, (no. 2 or no. 3 grade only) which incidentally, is actually softer than the surface of our ceramic glass. at the end of the burn cycle your stove may occasionally leave some light soot on the glass and, provided the wood fuel used has been perfectly dry (with a moisture content of less than 18%) you should be able to rub this sooting off with a bit of ash and some newspaper or kitchen roll. S g 79 You should do this each time you start a new fire to ensure that your view of the wonderful flame patterns your Dan SKan produces remain undiminished. Healthy heating with a high percentage of radiant heat is possible with a Dan SKan stove by incorporating heat storage elements such as our optional ceramics or natural stones which will convert the intense heat of your steel stove to a soft, more pleasurable, radiant warmth. HEALTHY HEATING Some people find that very dry warm or hot air in their living room makes them feel uncomfortable. replacing some of the humidity in the room should help avoid this, as well as avoiding room temperatures which are too high. a water-filed teapot or suitable humidifier placed on the stove surface (remember the trivet) will gently evaporate and raise the humidity level in the room as desired. FRIENDLY TO ALLERGY SUFFERERS Dan SKan stoves are very friendly for allergy suffers. Unlike most other stoves, on a Dan SKan stove the convecting back plate and side panels can be easily removed and the convection area thoroughly cleaned from dust, which would otherwise be moved around the room on the air currents. PRECIOUS WOOD ASH Once you‘ve extracted all that valuable heat from your wood fuel the ash that is left (and after burning a cubic metre there will only be around 2 to 4 kg of it) will still of be value in your garden. ash from wood makes a great fertiliser because of all the precious potassium, calcium, phosphate, manganese and iron that it contains and that plants need. FLUE PIPES Where the installation allows, your stove will work better with a vertical top fitting flue pipe that is a minimum 600 mm high to provide a good ‘run-up’ for the flue gases. This pipe will also deliver some additional radiant heat into the room before the hot gases depart from the heating process via the the chimney or flue system. an inspection hatch is also recommended in this section of the flue system. Dampers may only be retro-fitted to cure strong up-draught problems and must only be specified and fitted by a suitably qualified installer who will ensure that the installation complies with local and national building regulations. The photographs in the Dan SKan guide book are for illustrative purposes only and may not necessarily comply with your local and national building regulations. CLEANING THE CERAMICS it is important that ceramic tops and panels are not cleaned when they are hot as the craquelure (the glaze crazing) will have expanded and matter which is intended to removed could be rubbed into the tiny gaps. Use a soft cloth and a mild household soap and avoid abrasive products. HOW TO TAKE CARE OF NATURAL STONES natural stones should only ever be cleaned with a moist cloth and with a hint of mild washing-up liquid. Soapy deposits can then be rinsed off with a clean moist cloth. acetone can be used for severe grease stains but always select a discrete test area and ensure that it dries out normally before proceeding, making sure that it does not come into contact with any of the painted surfaces. Soapstone has a lot of talcum in its composition and is therefore quite soft and liable to scratch. Small scratches can be disguised by using a graphite pencil and gently rubbing in to soften the colour. it may be possible to remove slightly deeper scratches by gently sanding these with some water and very fine surface wet and dry sandpaper. again try these on discrete test areas.
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STOVE GUIDE MODErn ClaSSICS
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