2. Pre-Feasibility Study for Environmentally Controlled Poultry House

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PRE-FEASIBILITY, CONTROLLED POULTRY HOUSE OF 30,000 BIRDS 2010Figure 2: Increase in the number of Poultry Eggs & Meat in Pakistan (2000 - 2010)According to FAO, to produce chicken meat in 2008, 517 million birds were slaughtered and 601 milliontonne meat was acquired. In the same year world total chicken meat production was 52,887 million ton.There are around 25,000 poultry farms are in the country 5 . The poultry production is concentrated aroundthe large urban centres in the provinces of Sindh especially in Karachi. In the provinces of Sindh, there arefarms in Mirpurkhas, Sukkar, Nawabshah as well as in small cities. Many big companies have establishedtheir poultry farms in different parts of the country. To name a few such key players are K&N, Sabir, Hitech,SB and Jadeed.1.3. Problems with Poultry in PakistanA balanced diet is essential for good health, vigour and productive capacity of the people. Proteins play animportant role in the formation of balanced human diet. There are mainly two sources of proteins i.e.animals and plants. The human diet in Pakistan is deficient in animal proteins, as approximately 66%Pakistanis are deficient in proteins. The requirement of proteins is 102.7 g per person per day, while only69.61 g per person per day is being used in the country.The main sources of animal proteins in Pakistan are beef, mutton, milk, poultry meat and eggs. To overcomethe gap between supply and demand of proteins, poultry meat is contributing a dominant share which canbe enhanced by improving the profitability of producers and by decreasing prices at the retail level. Theprofitability can be increased through better management practices and establishment of fully equippedcontrolled poultry houses.5 Source: Pakistan Poultry Association (www.ppapaknorthern.com)6
PRE-FEASIBILITY, CONTROLLED POULTRY HOUSE OF 30,000 BIRDS 2010Pakistan, being a tropical country, experience various temperatures throughout the year of which summer isthe most common. During this period the temperature reaches over 40°C in different parts of Pakistan. Thisaffects the efficiency of the poultry farms and the chickens. Hot and humid weather conditions coupled withmanual and poor management practices increases the mortality in flocks, depresses their growth and makespoultry production an unmanageable and uneconomical pursuit. Chickens can tolerate high temperaturesbut react negatively if they are too warm. The body temperature of an adult chicken is 105-107°F (40.6 to41.7°C). The thermo-neutral zone is 65-75°F (18-24°C), which allows chickens to maintain their bodytemperature. If the temperature is above this zone, heat must be lost in some way. Chickens have no sweatglands. Since eating increases body temperature, chickens reduce their feed intake during hot weather, andtherefore gains will be less. Chickens begin panting at 85°F (29.4°C) to help dissipate heat, and drink more toavoid dehydration. A combination of high temperature and high humidity is a problem, because pantingdoes not cool them under these conditions. During this period owner has to either continue his flockcompromising with poor performance in feed intake, growth rate, weight gain, FCR (Feed Conversion Ratio)in broilers along with mortality or he has to totally close his business to avoid all these risks. This situationcreates severe shortage of poultry meat which is the cheapest and easily available source of animal protein.The poultry industry also faces problems like the incidence of diseases, substandard and costly feed andinefficient marketing system. In all stages of development, there is a need for improving the efficiency andlowering the cost of distribution.Losses occur in case of death of birds due to diseases and poor handling. Grading is largely ignored in eggtrade because of extra cost required for grading. Inadequate health facilities are one of the majorconstraints in poultry production. It is due to viral, bacterial infection and parasitic infestation.Environment controlled houses can overcome such critical situations, which counteracts the adverse effectsof heat stress providing tunnel ventilation and enhancing the wind chill effect. These houses when equippedwith highly mechanized system of automatic chain feeding and nipple drinking makes the environment quiteconducive for poultry production and reduces the risk of bacteria during different seasons.7
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2. Pre-Feasibility Study for Environmentally Controlled Poultry House

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