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Privatisation of Health Care in IndiaTable 10: Percentage Distribution of Inpatient Treatment Cases OverType of Hospital for States/U.T. (Rural)Type of HospitalStates/UTs Public Primary Private Charitable Nursing Others AllHospital Health Centre Hospital Institute run Homeby Public TrustAndhra Pradesh 28.9 1.01 65.22 1.04 3.36 0.47 100Assam 82.51 7.51 7.56 0.59 0.73 1.1 100Bihar 47.19 2.67 27 0.88 13.82 8.44 100Gujarat 48.66 0.3 42.8 7.31 0.62 0.31 100Haryana 50.96 - 31.95 3.45 11.62 2.02 100Himachal Pradesh 80.09 7.84 8.89 - 1.2 1.98 100Jammu & Kashmir 91.17 4.98 2.6 0.88 - 0.45 100Karnataka 55.31 2.71 32.94 2.59 5.62 0.91 100Kerala 41.02 2.36 53.4 0.26 2.96 - 100Madhya Pradesh 72.62 6.61 14.8 1.64 3.29 1.04 100Maharashtra 40.67 2.9 53.38 2.18 0.11 0.76 100Manipur 69.07 9.66 17.72 0.19 0.19 3.17 100Meghalaya 80.2 2.22 17.58 - - - 100Orissa 80.25 7.81 6.36 2.62 0.89 2.07 100Punjab 45.46 2.03 47.14 1.97 1.66 1.74 100Rajasthan 77.03 2.98 13.16 1 3.11 2.72 100Sikkim 100 - - - - - 100Tamil Nadu 55.53 0.62 39.11 0.97 2.71 1.06 100Tripura 87.89 11.76 - 0.35 - - 100Uttar Pradesh 52.61 2.76 27.26 3.46 10.1 3.81 100West Bengal 76.77 14.85 1.43 0.66 6.05 0.24 100Chandigarh 91.21 - 8379 - - - 100Dadra & NagarHaveli 68.34 2.15 26.24 - - 3.27 100New Delhi 81.16 - 18.84 - - - 100Goa, Daman & Diu 82.3 - 17.7 - - - 100Mizoram 65.79 33.36 0.85 - - - 100Pondicherry 81.03 - 15.56 - - 3.41 100Andaman & Nicobar 94.73 5.27 - - - - 100Lakshadweep 33.04 30.01 36.95 - - - 100INDIA 55.4 4.34 31.99 1.71 4.86 1.7 100Note: Percentages may not add up to 100 due to rounding off figures.Source: Morbidity and Utilisation of Medical Services, Report 364, 42 nd Round, National Sample Survey, Central Statistical Organisation, Government of India (1989),cited in Baru (1998).24
Utilisation of Private Health ServicesTable 11 : Percentage distribution of women who gave live births during the four years precedingthe survey by source of antenatal care during pregnancy according to SC & ST categories,India and States, 1992-93Health Facility InstitutionsIndia /StatesPublicPrivateHome (Own Parents)SC ST Others SC ST Others SC ST OthersINDIA 10.9 6.7 16.3 5.1 2.4 12.9 82.7 89.6 69.9A.P. 15.1 2.4 14.3 10.8 4.8 22 72.7 90.3 54.7Assam 9.6 5.4 8.4 3.3 1.4 3.6 84.9 93.2 87.6Bihar 4.1 2.5 6.4 3.3 1.4 7.1 91.5 96.1 85.6Goa 50 52.4 41 15 11.9 47.5 35 35.7 10.9Gujarat 24 6.4 16.7 15 6.4 23.9 61 86.3 59Haryana 4.2 NA 11.3 3.6 NA 9.3 91.5 78.9H.P. 12.6 3.2 16.1 0.4 NA 2.2 86 90.5 80.8Jammu 11.7 NA 19.5 1.8 NA 6.6 85.7 73.3Karnataka 16.9 22.3 22.4 4.4 4.5 18.3 77.8 73.2 58.2Kerala 68.8 68.6 37.4 28.1 2.9 50.8 3.1 22.9 11.3M.P. 12.2 3.1 16 3.3 0.9 5.6 81.3 93.9 77.3Maharashtra 25.5 10 24.1 16.6 6.1 23.6 55.2 82.2 51.7Orissa 10.8 3.3 15 0.7 1.3 2.7 86.1 92.4 80.6Punjab 8.9 NA 10.1 10.1 NA 17 80.8 72.4Rajasthan 5.7 5.6 12.1 1.5 0.6 2.8 90.7 93.4 84.3T.N. 29.3 NA 34.8 14.9 NA 33.8 24.8 30.2U.P. 1.6 NA 8.2 1.6 NA 4.9 94.5 99 86W.B. 21.3 16.6 27.5 0.6 NA 6.2 78 83 65.9Source: Utilization of Health Care Services by the Underprivileged Section of the Population in India: Results from NFHS, cited in Ram, Pathak and Annamma (1997).and it is higher for urban areas compared to rural areas.Across states, the analysis shows that the share ofimmunisations in the private sector increases with socioeconomicstatus in urban areas. (Mahal et al, 2000)5.4. Expenditure Incurred onPrivate Sector in Relation to PublicSectorThree important messages emerge from the two NSS surveys.First, the average medical expenditure per ailmentepisode is higher for both inpatient and outpatient care inthe private sector. Second, the expenditure in the privatesector is higher for urban areas compared to rural areas.Third, there is also an increase in expenditure on medicalcare between the 42 nd and 52 nd rounds, which have a gapof a decade between them, for both the public and privatesectors. The NCAER’s survey also shows that the averageexpenditure is higher for the private sector as comparedto the public sector for both rural and urban areas.Krishnan has analysed the 42 nd round of the NSS data forexpenditure on medical care across states. He shows thatthe average total expenditure for hospitalisation is higherthan the all India mean in nine out of 15 states and theseinclude rural Delhi, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh andBihar. The same trend holds true for the urban sector(Krishnan, 1999). A few household level studies have shownthat around seven to nine percent of household consumptionexpenditure is on health care, of which 85 percent isspent in the private sector. The 52 nd round of the NSSdata shows that per capita out-of-pocket expenditure peryear on private facilities ranges from over Rs. 500 amongthe richest, to Rs. 75 among the poorest (Mahal et al, 2000).25
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents123456Introduction
Page 5 and 6: Chhattisgarh Infrastructure ReportL
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents123456Introduction
Page 9 and 10: Privatisation of Health Care in Ind
Page 11 and 12: Globalisation and Health Services:
Page 13 and 14: 3Private Health Services in India:A
Page 15 and 16: Private Health Services in India: A
Page 17 and 18: Private Health Services in India: A
Page 19 and 20: 4Structure and Characteristics of P
Page 21 and 22: Structure and Characteristics of Pr
Page 23 and 24: Structure and Characteristics of Pr
Page 25 and 26: Utilisation of Private Health Servi
Page 31: Utilisation of Private Health Servi
Page 35 and 36: 6ConclusionThis study has explored
Page 37 and 38: ReferencesAcharya, A.; Baru, R. and
Page 39 and 40: ReferencesShah, G. 1997. Public Hea

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