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• Specific gravity 0.8 g/ml• Vd 0.6 L/kg• 1-1.5 shot(s) = 30 ml• mmol/L = (mg/dL)/4.6• % = grams/100 mlThe Numbers
Sample Calculation50 kg man drinks 1 shot of 80 proof alcohol1.5 oz (30 ml/oz) = 45 ml 40% of 45 ml = 18 ml18 ml X 0.8 g/ml = 16 g which is 16,000 mg50 kg (0.6 L/kg) = 30 L (10 dL /L) = 300 dL16,000 mg/300 dL = 80 mg/dL
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Special Thanks!• Howard Greller
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Laboratories• Clinical Laboratory
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Magic Answer Box?• Low volume, of
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Assay Methods• Spot & spectrochem
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Testing“You’re fired, Jack. The
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Spectrochemical• Sophisticated sp
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Spectrochemical• Older tests wait
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Spectrochemical• Improve Selectiv
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Immunoassays• Non-competitive•
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Competitive“Inverse” assay
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Immunoassays• Nonisotopic immunoa
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EMITGoldfranks 9th edition
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ChromatographySeparation and Detect
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Thin LayerChromatography• Extract
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Thin LayerChromatography• Fast, e
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High-PerformanceLiquid Chromatograp
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High-PerformanceLiquid Chromatograp
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Gas Chromatography• Similar to HP
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Gas Chromatography• Substances ha
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Mass Spectrometry
Page 50 and 51: LC/MS/MS• High sensitivity and sp
Page 52 and 53: Relative ComparisonMethod Speed Cos
Page 54 and 55: Drug Screens
Page 56 and 57: Cocaine• Highly specific• Benzo
Page 58 and 59: The “second handsmoking” defens
Page 60 and 61: Opioids• Morphine, codeine,heroin
Page 62 and 63: ChallengesDextromethorphan• Dextr
Page 64 and 65: PCP• Phencyclidine• False Posit
Page 66 and 67: Amphetamines• Amphetamine assay p
Page 68 and 69: TCA Challenges• Cross react with
Page 70 and 71: Adulteration• 2004: First mandato
Page 72 and 73: In Vivo Adulteration“Ingest prior
Page 74 and 75: In Vitro Adulteration“Add after u
Page 76 and 77: Urine SubstitutionOntario Smith
Page 78 and 79: CholinesterasesButrylcholinesterase
Page 80 and 81: Anion Gap ReliabilityLow Anion Gap
Page 82 and 83: Forensics• Aid medical / legal in
Page 84 and 85: Medical Review Officer• Licensed
Page 86 and 87: Post MortemToxicology
Page 88 and 89: Specimens• Blood• Reported as
Page 90 and 91: Other sources
Page 92 and 93: Legal Ethanol
Page 94 and 95: The Barman’s Paradox• Legally d
Page 96 and 97: The Clues1. Wide turns2. Straddling
Page 98 and 99: What’s in a Drink?• 10 oz beer
Page 102 and 103: “Breathanol”• [expired air] s
Page 104: Photo References1. http://www.offth
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