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Magic Answer Box?• Low volume, often old methodologies• Limits to every technique• Implies confirmation or exclusion• More toxic xenobiotics thannamed diseases
Page 2 and 3: Special Thanks!• Howard Greller
Page 4 and 5: Laboratories• Clinical Laboratory
Page 8 and 9: Basics of analysis• Screening•
Page 10 and 11: Assay Methods• Chromatography•
Page 13 and 14: Spot Testing• Salicylates• Ferr
Page 15 and 16: Co-oximetry• Spectrophotometry us
Page 17 and 18: Spectrochemical• Produce light ab
Page 19 and 20: Immunoassays• Created due to need
Page 21: Non-competitive“Sandwich” assay
Page 29 and 30: CompetitiveFrom Goldfranks 9th edit
Page 31 and 32: Immunoassays• Old - radio immunoa
Page 33 and 34: Magnetic MicroparticleGoldfranks 9t
Page 35 and 36: RfRf =migration distance of substan
Page 37 and 38: TLCGoldfranks 9th edition
Page 39 and 40: TLC Drawbacks• Multiple steps•
Page 41 and 42: Reverse phasechromatography• Non-
Page 43 and 44: HPLC
Page 45 and 46: Gas Chromatography• Expensive•
Page 47 and 48: Mass Spectrometry• Can serve as h
Page 49 and 50: MS Limits• Cannot separate enanti
Page 51 and 52: GC/MS• Expensive equipment• Mos
Page 53 and 54: Hair Analysis• Hair grows ~1 cm/m
Page 55 and 56: NIDA-5• Amphetamines• Cannabino
Page 57 and 58:
Tetrahydrocannabinol• Tetrahydroc
Page 59 and 60:
THCPositives• Dronabinol• Efavi
Page 61 and 62:
“Poppy Seed” Defense6-MAM
Page 63 and 64:
MethadoneFalse Positives• Quetiap
Page 65 and 66:
Benzodiazepines• Metabolized toox
Page 67 and 68:
Nasal Inhalers• Can contain l-met
Page 69 and 70:
Federal Cutoffs (ng/mL)Substance Sc
Page 71 and 72:
Specimen Validity• Appearance•
Page 73 and 74:
In Vitro Adulteration“Add after u
Page 75 and 76:
Others• Acids and bases (i.e. lem
Page 77 and 78:
Cholinesterases• Butyrylcholinest
Page 79 and 80:
Anion Gap ReliabilityAG = Na + - (C
Page 81 and 82:
Forensic Toxicology
Page 83 and 84:
DEA Schedule• Controlled Substanc
Page 85 and 86:
Drug Abuse Testing• Strict, invar
Page 87 and 88:
Post Mortem Changes“Necrokinetics
Page 89 and 90:
Interpretation Confounders• Postm
Page 91 and 92:
Redistribution Doesn’t OccurLeiki
Page 93 and 94:
Legal Ethanol• State determines o
Page 95 and 96:
Blood Ethanol Testing• The law =
Page 97 and 98:
Goldfranks 9th edition
Page 99 and 100:
Laboratory Methods• Enzymatic•
Page 101 and 102:
Sample Calculation50 kg man drinks
Page 103 and 104:
1. Goldfranks 9th EditionReferences
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