SG-235 Smartuner - SGC

SG-235Smartuner®Microprocessor Controlled Automatic Antenna CouplerInstallation and Operations ManualGetting the most from every watt of HF-SSB Power

SG-235 ManualSG-235ANTENNACOUPLERInstallation and Operations ManualPrepared: September 1998CAUTION: Carefully read the ÒQuick StartÓ on the followingpage and all pertinent sections of this manualprior to operating your Smartuner for the first time. Thisunit will provide outstanding service if you follow thedetailed recommendations within this manual.SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com3© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 ManualQuick Start GuideRemote Manual TuningTo quickly install your antenna coupler you will need the following:1. An HF radio installation with 3 to 500 watts output.2. An HF antenna with a single wire feed (not coax fed).Minimum length of 50 feet (from 3.0 MHz) or 300 feet (from 1.8 MHz).3. A good ground (counterpoise) for the antenna and coupler4. +12 VDC and ground for the coupler.5. SmartLock PRO coupler controllerConnect the coupler to the system as shown in the following diagram:To transmitter/Amplifier(3 to 500W)RG 58(To Linear Amp)Black: DC GroundRed: +12 to 15 VDCGray: PTT Out to Linear(active low) *Brown: PTT Infrom transceiverYellow: RS232Purple: ReceiveOrange: TransmitBlk/Wht: Ground(TO RS232)Blue: ResetSingle wireAntennaGround (Counterpoise)White: Hold (Locks coupler settings)Green: Tuned IndicatorBlack/Yellow stripe: DC GroundRed: +12 to 15 VDC(TO SmartLock PRO)12 conductor plus RG-58 coaxOptional connection not requred for normal use.Operation:1. Turn on radio. Apply +12 VDC power to the coupler.2. As power is applied, coupler should make one ÓclickÓ sound. Coupler comes up in thebypass (untuned) state.3. To tune, speak normally, whistle, or use CW (CW is recommended).4. Tuning is done at a maximum of 100 watts. Once radio is tuned, the Gray wire transitions from5V to GND and acts as a switch to turn on a 500W linear amplifier.Note: Coupler must be used in manual PTT mode.5. When tuned, clicking stops and Green wire goes low.4© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 ManualTable of Contents1.0 General information 81.1 Experience Levels of Users 81.2 What is an Antenna Coupler? 81.3 Overall Description 101.4 Coupler Network Configuration 11S1.5 Operation Indicators 111.6 Mechanical Configuration 121.6.1 Marine Installation 121.6.2 Desert and High Temperature Mounting 131.6.3 Extremely Cold Temperatures 131.7 Remote Installations 141.8 Upgrade Sequences 152.0 Specifications - SG-235 162.1 Accessories 163.0 Parts Furnished 173.1 User Supplied Items 173.2 Technical Support 174.0 Antenna Types 194.1 Selection 204.2 Whip Antenna -2.5 - 3.0 METERS 204.3 Whip Antenna - 7.0 -8.5 meter (23 ft) 204.4 Longwire Antenna - 23 meter (75 ft) & 46 meter (150 ft) 204.5 Backstay Antennas 215.0 Typical Installations 225.1 Apartment Loop Antenna 285.2 Recreational Vehicle (RV) Antennas 295.4 Aircraft Antennas 305.5 Low Profile, Hidden and Covert Antennas 315.5 Emergency Antennas 325.6 Kite Antenna 325.7 Tactical Installations 335.8 Tactical Antenna Supports 335.9 Tactical Grounds and Counterpoises 34SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com5© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual6.0 General Notes on Antennas and Couplers 346.1 Steps to Antenna Installation 366.2 Antenna Location 366.3 Ground Systems - General 386.3.1 Vehicle Grounds 386.3.2 Marine Grounds 386.3.3 Base Station Grounds 396.4 Corrosion 406.5 Antenna Tuner Mounting 416.6 Antenna Connection 417.0 Installation Procedures 427.1 Installation with SG-2000 427.2 Installation with SG-500 or other 500-watt amplifiers 437.3 Smartlock Pro Installation 437.4 Weatherdeck Mounting 458.0 Electrical Checkout 458.1 Alternate Electrical Checkout 478.2 Coupler Configuration 518.3 Tuning Process 518.4 Impedance Detector 528.5 VSWR Detector 528.6 Phase Detector 528.7 The Control Device (CPU -CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT) 538.8 Initialization 538.9 Information Read 548.10 Bypass Operation Jumpers 549.0 Tuning Process and Options 559.1 Program Description 569.2 Tuning Algorithms or Paths 579.3 Antenna Too Short 589.4 Antenna Too Long 599.5 J-2 - Tuning Elements out During Receive 599.6 J-3 - Tune From Memory 609.7 JP3- PTT OUT CONTROL 6110.0 Smartlock PRO Opteration 616© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 Manual10.1 Tune, Tune Lock, and Reset 6110.2 Smartlock PRO Notes 61Quick Start Guide - Remote Manual Tuning 6211.0 Troubleshooting the SG-235 - General 6311.1 Ground Faults 6311.2 Antenna Faults 6411.3 Transmitter Faults 6611.4 A Final Pointer on Troubleshooting 67Warranty Information 68SchematicsAppendix - QMS SystemQMS BrochureSG-500 SmartPowerCube BrochureSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com7© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual1.0 General InformationThe Smartunerª reputation has grown to legend status because it is simple touse and highly reliable. A Smartuner will provide maximum transfer of radioenergy from any HF transmitter to any end-fed HF antenna within the frequencyand power limits of its specifications. The SG-235 is a high-poweredcousin of the SG-230PRO. It provides many of the same features: a new microcontrollerwhich has built-in A/D functions, non-volatile memory, and serialcommunications capabilities which allow manual tuning using an RS-232 connectionand PC. The optional RS-232 should be used only for special applications and isnot necessary if used in normal applications.This document is designed to guide the SG-235 user through installation andoperation of the unit. This document will also recommend various steps whichmay be undertaken in the field to provide correct operation of the SG-235 shoulddifficulty be encountered. Smartuners are extraordinarily reliable. But youshould be aware that scores of fine points to any HF installation can easily beoverlooked and may cause difficulty. This manual should help you quickly toobtain the best possible performance from your HF radio installation and toavoid most of the pitfalls which can degrade the performance of your HF system.1.1 Experience Levels of UsersThe Smartunerª may be installed successfully by anyone who follows theinstructions in this manual. However, if you are inexperienced in HF radioinstallation and operation, seeking advice from people with more experiencewill help you achieve good results quickly and with minimum frustration.Even the most experienced professional HF users will occasionally run intodifficulty.Regardless of the level of your experience, SGC stands ready to offer youinstallation suggestions and to help you resolve any aspect of Smartunerªoperation which is not entirely satisfactory. If you have a specific question,please send us a fax at our Bellevue, Washington (USA) headquarters. Thenumber is (425) 746-6384. If you require telephone assistance, please call us at(425) 746-6310 during business hours, 8:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. Pacific Time.1.2 What Is an Antenna Coupler?Antenna ÒcouplersÓ are placed at the antenna and match conditions of theantenna to the feed line in a very precise manner. Antenna Òtuners,Ó on theother hand, are generally located at the transmitter output end of the coaxialfeed line. Do not be confused by the term ÒcouplerÓ and Òtuner.Ó8© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 Manual¥ A tuner placed at the transmitter loads up the feedline as well asthe antenna (so that the feedline radiates).¥ A coupler installed at the antenna eliminates feed line losses byproviding a proper match of the antenna to the feed line. TheSmartuner is a true antenna coupler.We will emphasize these key points throughout this manual to yield the bestpossible operation of your Smartuner. These include:¥ The coupler must be located at the antenna.¥ No coax may be connected to the coupler output.¥ The coupler must have clean 12 VDC power supplied to it.¥ The ground system must always be larger than the antenna.¥ The antenna wire should be of the largest gauge practical.¥ Capacitance at the coupler output must be minimal.¥ The antenna must be of sufficient length for your lowest operatingfrequency.Strictly observing these basic rules will ensure good operations under thewidest range of conditions.PLEASE MAKE NOTE OF THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION FOR YOUR RECORDS:Date unit was Purchased: _______/_______/_______Dealer from whom purchased: ____________________________Date installed: _______/_______/_______Type of antenna used: ___________________________________SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com9© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual1.3 Overall DescriptionThe SG-235 is a general purpose coupler which can operate with any type ofHF radio and almost any type of antenna configuration. The coupler networkconfiguration is of a ¹ or L type; sensors continually monitor the state of thetuning and relay this information to the processor.Tune. The initial (first time) tuning may take several milliseconds to a few secondsdepending on the complexity of the tuning process for a specific antennaconfiguration. After tuning the first time for a specific frequency and antenna,this information is entered in the nonvolatile computer memory, whichwill store up to 170 tuning solutions.Retune. When the same conditions are encountered again, re-tuning is accomplishedwithin 10 milliseconds by recalling the information from the nonvolatilememory. Special software designed by SGC assures accurate and finetuning of the coupler. For software description, refer to the MicroTuneª section(9.0) of the manual.If antenna or transmitter conditions have changed since the information wasstored in memory, SG-235 retunes and achieves a new tuning solution. Thisnew information is stored to memory for future reference. Important: theSmartunerª will always look for the best possible tuning solution and willimprove existing tuning solutions whenever possible.The SG-235 may be bypassed and your antenna used as a broadband receivingantenna. To do this, turn off the power to the coupler for two seconds and thenturn it back on (or simply press the reset button on the SmartLock Pro). Thecoupler is now reset to stand-by, waiting for the first RF power to be transmittedbefore providing a tuning solution. In the stand-by mode, the antennabypasses tuning elements and connects directly to the receiver with no tuningelements engaged, allowing reception of signals throughout the HF range.The coupler will cease to operate normally if input voltage drops below 10.5VDC¥ if a marginal battery is used, or¥ if you are transmitting at high power with an inadequate powersupply or battery.Batteries must be fully charged for proper operation. Large gauge wiring tothe transmitter and coupler must be used to avoid retuning.10© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 ManualIf broadband operation is required during scanning operations, jumper JP-2on the printed circuit board inside the coupler may be set to the ÒYESÓ mode.This will bypass tuning elements on Receive. Jumper JP-2 is located adjacent tothe shield along the edge of the printed circuit board.In some cases, it may be desirable to re-tune the coupler and bypass the memoryinformation. If you wish to bypass the recalled tuning solutions, placejumper JP-1, also located near U2, to the ÒNOÓ position.Note: The SG-235 can be forced to retune in every new frequency, even if JP-1is set to ÒYes,Ó by the following operations of the Smartlock:1. Engage ÒTune lock.Ó2. Press Reset once.3. Disengage ÒTune lock.Ó(See Section 9.2.)1.4 Coupler Network ConfigurationThe coupler network configuration is designed with 64 different input capacitorvalues, 32 output capacitor values, and 256 inductor values, thus providingabout a half million different ¹ or L configurations. The coupler requires aninput of 5 to 500 watts to operate.1.5 Operation IndicatorsOperational status of the coupler and the onboard computerÕs tuning decisionsis displayed by five LEDs, which are located on the microcontroller unit (MCU)printed circuit board (PCB). These indicators are visible only when the coverof the coupler is removed. These five LEDs are not designed to be interpretedby other than factory and trained service personnel.SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com11© 1998 SGC Inc

CAUTION:SG-235 ManualDangerous high voltages exist inside the Smartuner when it is operatedwith an HF transmitter. High RF voltages in excess of 10 kvmay be expected in normal operation of this unit. In addition toshock hazard, these RF voltages may produce burns which are verypainful if you come in contact with exposed components. Therefore,DO NOT operate without the cover secured in place unless you are awell experienced radio technician or engineer.As a matter of good installation and engineering practice, exposedmetal antenna elements should be located in such a manner as toprevent accidental contact with people (especially young children),pets, and small animals.1.6 Mechanical DesignThe SG-235 is supplied in a weather proof case with two mounting brackets. RFand DC power are supplied to the unit through the same cable. This specialcable comprises a 50-ohm coaxial cable and 12 conductors. The 12 conductorwires include the ground, the positive power lead, the optional SmartLock control,and the optional LED indicator.The SG-235 antenna couplerÕs weatherproof case will withstand the environmentalconditions encountered aboard ship when mounted on a weatherdeck.The internal construction is designed to withstand the shock and vibration ofmarine service. Corrosion-resistant hardware and passive alloys are employedthroughout.We do not recommend opening the Smartuner case unless it is necessary. For99% of installations, the factory settings for jumpers will be correct. Shouldyou have occasion to open the case, use care to ensure the sealing gasket isplaced properly to maintain watertight integrity of the unit.Although the Smartuner is solidly built, good installation practice calls foradditional protection from the elements.SGC makes the following recommendations:1.6.1 Marine MountingThe Smartuner should be located inside the house or under the aft lazaret on asailboat. On power boats, the coupler may be mounted outside, but additional12© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 Manualprotective housing is recommended. The preferred installation if vertical iswith the standoff insulator pointing upward.A stuffing gland for the RF and DC cables is provided on the lower edge ofthe weather housing, along with a 1/4-20 stainless steel ground stud. Theantenna connects to the ceramic insulator on top of the weather housing.The SG-235 may be mounted in any position, including inverted, withoutany degradation of performance. If the coupler is to be exposed to long periodsof high vibration, such as aboard helicopters or tug boats, installation ofthe optional shock mounting is recommended.1.6.2 Hot climate and High Temperature InstallationsThe Smartuner may be used in hot climates on a continuous basis if someadditional protection from direct sunlight is provided. The best protectionfor a mobile installation is provided by the QMS (Quick Mounting System)which keeps the antenna coupler outside of a vehicle. Temperatures inside avehicle may exceed 212¡F (100¡ C). If a QMS is not used, keep the coupler inthe shade if possible. Please refer to the diagram in the following section.1.6.3 Extremely Cold Temperature InstallationsYour Smartuner will operate down to specified temperatures. We recommendplacing the Smartuner under some kind of housing other than thecase to prevent heavy build up of ice. If you are mounting on a tower in anextreme climate, a plastic wastebasket (such as those made by Rubbermaidª)makes an excellent weather cover and costs only a few dollars.Long wire antennaSmartuner mounted inside a plastic wastebasket to protect it from extreme heat andheavy icing. This type of enclosure is widelyavailable in all countries.SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com13© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual1.7 Remote InstallationsThe SG-235 is supplied with a standard 25 feet of cable.If necessary, the coupler can be installed up to 100 feet from the transmetter.However, SGC does not recommend installing the Smartuner more than 100feet from the transmitter because two losses must be considered.¥ The first loss in long distance installations is normal attenuation ofthe radio signal coming from the transmitter to the antenna via the coax. (Thelonger the coaxial cable run, the higher the loss.) The amount of loss dependson frequency. At 2 MHz, the loss is approximately .5 dB, while at 30 MHz theloss in 100 feet of coaxial cable is over 2 dB. (A 100 watt transmitter at 30 MHzwould actually deliver about 70 watts to the antenna after running through100 feet of coax.)If you are seeking the utmost performance at 30 MHz and you cannot avoid arun of 100 feet, or longer, we recommend using a larger low-loss type of coaxsuch as RG-8 (foam dielectric) or Belden type 9943 coax. Both of these will reduceattenuation to under 1 dB per 100 feet at frequencies below 30 MHz. Youshould be aware that this heavier cable is less easy to work and may be quiteexpensive.¥ The second loss which must be considered is that in the DC power andreset control line. At any distance other than the 25 foot cable which is suppliedby SGC, we recommend that the DC voltage at the antenna coupler bemeasured. (If the coupler voltage drops below 10 volts, the coupler may notoperate properly.) For this reason, SGC recommends that if distances aregreat, the input DC voltage at the transmitter site be adjusted to provide for +12to +14 volts at the coupler site.We do specifically advise against use of a different power supply than the oneused to power the radio because of the danger of creating ground loops.Ground loops may cause oscillation of the final amplifiers or other undesiredside effects. If you decide to use a separate power supply mounted at the antennacoupler location, please be advised that SGC does not provide technical supportin this area.14© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 Manual1.8 Upgrade SequenceThe current version of the SG-235 coupler will have a revision letter locatedon the printed circuit board. To continue moving forward in coupler design,the SG-235 may be revised as needed. Later revisions of the coupler will bedenoted by the subsequent letters of the alphabet. The SG-235 contains all thelatest revisions of the standard SG-230PRO to ensure the user is acquiring allthe benefits of the SG-230PRO along with the added benefits of the SG-235.SGC will continue making incremental improvements in the Smartuner product.When you buy your product today and a new feature is added, you canalways upgrade for modest fees to the latest version of the unit. If you wouldlike to upgrade to the latest version of the unit, contact SGC because specialdiscounts are always provided to our valued customers.SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com15© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual2.0 Specifications - SG-235HF Frequency Range:1.8 to 30.0 MHzNote: The SG-235 may be operated as low as 1.6 MHz and iscommonly used as an antenna matching unit for differential GPS transmittersite antennas. However, when operated under these conditions, a longerantenna is recommended, such as a 360 foot tower section for operation in the1700-1710 kHz band and an appropriately larger counterpoise. In addition,inductor heating may become pronounced at high power levels in the SG-235Õsinductors that are commonly used at these frequencies. To extend yourfrequency range, we recommend 350 watts at 1700 kHz and 250 watts at 1600 kHzon a continuous basis.Power Input Range: 3 to 500 watts (PEP)Input Impedance Range: 45 to 55 ohmsVSWR: (Typical) Typically less than 1.4:1DC Input Requirement: +13.6 VDCDC Operating Range: +10.5 to +15 VDCInput Current:Average: .9 ampsRandom set time:Typical: less than 2 secondsRecurrent set time: Typical: less than 10 millisecondsAntenna Length:Minimum length of 50 ft. Ñ3.0 to 30 MHzMinimum length of 300 ft. Ñ1.8 to 30 MHzSG-303Ñ9 feet from 3.5 to 30MHzInstallation:Any positionOperating Temperature: -35¡ to +70¡CSize:16 x 12 x 3 inchesWeight:8 pounds (3.5 kilos)Case Construction:Plastic ABS weatherproof caseControl Cable:SGC special cable, 25 ft. coaxial and 12 interconnect wires(replaceable by any standard cable plus remote tune LED wire)2.1 AccessoriesShock Mounting Tray. SGC Part Number 54-5016© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 Manual3.0 Parts Furnished (unpacking)Antenna Coupler25 foot special cable (RG-58 plus 12 conductors in a single jacket)Instruction ManualSmartLock PRO coupler controller with 25 foot cable.3.1 User Supplied ItemsThe user of the SG-235 will need to supply a suitable HF radio antenna. Suchan antenna may be as simple as an 23 foot long piece of wire and severalground/counterpoise radials of 23 feet or longer. The longer the antenna,up to about 300 feet, the better all around performance will be. Longerantennas may be used, but please refer to sections on antennas limitations.The user will also have to supply a good counterpoise. Such a counterpoise isa large metal surface (much larger electrically than the antenna).Generally, the bigger the counterpoise, the better your signal will be.3.2 Technical SupportBefore contacting SGC for technical support, please take a few minutes tothink through your installation and ask if there is anything obvious whichyou have overlooked in the installation. Check to make sure your groundsystem is both adequate and tight and that proper voltage is supplied to thecoupler.In the event you experience difficulty with your SG-235 antenna coupler,you should contact SGC for technical advise. Before calling, we ask you tohave the following information ready so that we may readily assist you.Coupler Information Please have the serial number of your coupler,the name of the dealer from whom the unit was purchased and the approximatedate of purchase.A n t e n n a I n f o r m a t i o n Please be ready to describe your antenna installation.You will need to advise us whether the antenna is a wire type, a dipole,vee, vertical, long wire or whip antenna.Ground SystemYou should be ready to describe your ground system inSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com17© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manualdetail. If you are dealing with a marine installation, you should have adescription of the vessel's bonding system. If you are using the coupler in amobile setting, you should be able to describe bonding of the hood, trunkand other vehicle parts which may have been done. In an aircraft, youshould be able to describe the location of the coupler and the type of groundconnection used.P o w e r s u p p l y v o l t a g e One of the common mistakes made wheninstalling couplers is to assume that a connection is good when it hasn'tbeen measured. If you experience any type of erratic or intermittent operation,please measure the power supply voltage inside the coupler.Describe Tuner behavior If you are having a problem, determine if itis happening all the time or only part of the time. Does the problem occuronly on certain frequencies? Does the problem only happen in certainmodes? This type of information is extremely useful in quickly isolatingyour problem.Be patient Finding the reason for less than ideal system operation maytake one telephone call or it may take several calls. Regardless of how complexthe problem is, your SGC representative will be able to walk youthrough the process of solving your problem in a logical step-by-step manner.There is nothing magic about HF. Although it may seem so at times, therules of physics don't change. The Smartuner and accessories will alwaysgive top performance when carefully installed.18© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 Manual4.0 Antenna TypesRecommended AntennasSG-105 - Marine and Base station antenna.This is a 60-foot end-fed long wire typeantenna. SGC Part Number 55-10.SG-114 - Base station antenna. 200 feetSGC Part Number 55-14SG-203 - Marine 28-foot whip antenna.This antenna is used for most power boatinstallations. SGC Part Number 55-23.SG-303 - High performance 9-foot whipantenna. This dual element antenna isdesigned for severe marine and land mobileservice. SGC Part Number 55-27.QMS-3 - Quick Mounting System whichhouses SG-235 Smartuner and also providesa sturdy mounting platform for the SG-303antenna system. Designed for rapidinstallations requiring no-holesinstallation of high performance HFantenna system. SGC Part Number 55-48.The automatic antenna tuner is designed for use with end-fed unbalancedantennas such as whips and long wires. The radiating portion of the antennais connected directly to the tuner through a high voltage insulator. It isextremely important that the antenna type, site location and groundingtechnique be correctly chosen so that the system will radiate effectively.Broadband resonant antennas (e.g. log periodic) that cover the full range ofthe system may be used with the tuner if desired. Narrow band resonantantennas, such as dipoles, vee's and inverted vee's may only be used if theantenna VSWR (including coaxial feeder) is less than, or equal to 3:1 at theoperating frequency.Note that if a dipole or Vee type antenna; is used, the antenna may be operatedat any frequency within the range of the coupler if each side of the veeor dipole is 23 feet or longer. In addition, the SG-235 is just as happy feedingSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com19© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manuala conventional Vee antenna as an inverted Vee. The coupler is very flexiblein this regard.4.1 Antenna SelectionThe automatic antenna tuner will operate into almost any end fed antennawith a length of 2.5 meters or more, provided an effective ground is used.The antenna efficiency will be proportional to length and in most applicationswill be maximum at a length of 1/4 wavelength. This means that thelongest possible antenna should be selected for each installation.Very short antennas are only recommended when there is no other alternativesuch as in a vehicular mobile installation. The performance of shortwhip antennas is usually very poor, particularly at the lower frequencies,and radiation efficiency will be only a few percent of a full sized antenna.However, a special electrically long antenna such as the SG-303 9 ft. mobileantenna overcomes much of the radiation problem.4.2 Whip Antennas - 2.5-3.0 meters (8-9 ft)This antenna is recommended only for vehicular mobile installations. Theshort length will result in poorer performance when compared with thelonger antennas. A special high performance 9 foot antenna, the SG-303, ismanufactured by SGC specifically for this problem. The SG-303 is SGC PartNumber 55-27.4.3 Whip Antenna - 7.0 to 8.5 Meter (28 ft)This antenna is recommended for marine installation on smaller vessels. Itmay also be used in base stations if there is no way of using a longer antenna.The SG-203 is this type of antenna. Order SGC Part Number 55-23.4.5 Longwire Antenna -23 meter (75 ft) and 46 meter (150 ft)For most applications the longwire antenna will give the best results and isrecommended when practical. The diagrams at the end of this section showsome recommended methods of installation. These are only a few of themany possible methods of installation and frequently a different configurationwill be the best at a particular site. SGC's long wire antenna, 60 feet inlength, provides efficient operation on low frequencies and high frequenciesalike. Order SGC Part Number 55-10.20© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 ManualAntenna Length vs. Lowest Tunable FrequencyAntenna Lengthin Feet (approximate)Lowest Frequencyin KHz350 feet 1650 KHz335 feet 1700 KHz315 feet 1800 KHz285 feet 1900 KHz275 feet 1950 KHz220 feet 2000 KHz100 feet 2500 KHz50 feet 3000 KHz4.6 Backstay Antennas -8 meters (28 ft) and longerAlthough we would love to sell everyone a high performance marine whipantenna, the backstay of a sailboat is almost impossible to improve upon inmost installations.SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com21© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual5.0 Typical InstallationsFigures 5.01 through 5.3.1 show some typical installations for the automaticantenna tuner.Figure 5.01 Jeep InstallationJeep Installationfor AutomaticAntenna CouplerDetail2.0 SG-303 M whip whipTransceiverCouplerFeed-throughinsulatorGTO cable(as short as possible)Figure 5.02Vehicle installationGroundcouplersecurelyto truck2.0 SG-303 M whip whipFeed through insulatorCouplerTransceiverVehicle Installation22© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 ManualFigure 5.03Motor Vessel installationFeed through insulatorCouplerSuitable stay cableGround tosteel bulkheador overheadMotor Vessel InstallationFigure 5.04Base installation7M to 10MGROUND LEAD1.5M MAXGROUND ROD (3M)SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com23© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 ManualFigure 5.05Base installation with ground wire radialspole or tree supports far endInsulator11M2MGTO cableInsulatorCoupler30°30°2MGround cable No. 4 AWG(150 cm maximum)Radial wiresburied in soilConduit forcontrol cableand coaxBase Installation withGround Wire RadialsFigure 5.06Base dipole installationHotCoupler1 meter3 metersE66 insulators(x8)GND 7 to 25 meters3 metersRF Cable Control cableBase Dipole Installation24© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 ManualFigure 5.07Base Quadra Loop HorizontalPorcelainisolatorswith tie ropeRadiationCouplerGroundboltterminal50 ohmcoax fromtransmitterAntennaterminalBase QuadraLoop HorizontalThe horizontal quad loop is a groundless antenna for high angle radiation and is idealfor HF communications from zero to 500 miles in the frequency range of 2 to 10 MHz.This configuration provides optimum near-right angle reflection to the ionosphere forshort range communications.A square base can be from 8 to 15 meters long and can be configured to the shape of thestructure as necessary, to provide the best arrangement. The height of the supportingpoles should be 20 to 40 feet. Supporting poles should be as tall as possible to provide theantenna with the greatest isolation from industrial noise generated by the building,such as fluorescent lights and electrical motors. Loop antennas are also less susceptibleto industrial RF noise generated by the building, because they are isolated from theground system of the building.Loop wires are attached at one end on the high voltage active side of the coupler and onthe other end at the ground side of the coupler.SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com25© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manualup to 300 feetBalanced Line Feeders300-600 OhmsGNDHotup to 200 feetFigure 5.08Base LadderInstallationCouplerRF cable Control cableBase Ladder InstallationFigure 5.09 Base Delta LoopThe delta loop antennas are ideally suitedto long range communications due totheir low angle. This configuration isbest for communications ranging from500 to 5000 miles in the HF frequencyrange of 4 to 22 MHz. Noise rejection isexcellent, as stated for the quad loopantenna. Because the antenna system isnot connected to a ground, noise rejectionis enhanced. If mounted on the roof-topof the building, it is further isolated fromRadiationCouplerBase Delta Loopthe building which generates RF noise. The supporting mast should be 8 to 14meters tall to provide good overall HF performance.Note that with this type of antenna, the coupler may be mounted in the middleof the horizontal portion of the loop or it may be mounted at the corner. Ifmounted at the corner and the lead from the coupler attached to the verticalleg, the polarization of the loop tends to be vertical and is slightly better forlow angle long distance communications.Loops in the horizontal plane may also be used. This type of antenna providesexceptionally good performance on the low frequency bands for short tointermediate range communications.26© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 ManualFigure 5.10Vessel Groundless LoopRadiation75 feetVesselGroundlessLoopCouplerPorcelainisolatorLower mast connectionto coupler RF groundThe triangular loop antenna for sailboats is designed to operate in a groundlessenvironment and still provide high performance. This type of installationwill require only one insulator point on the bottom backstay and an electricalconnection on top of the mast and stay. The grounded side of the coupler isconnected to the bottom of the mast. Although not our best recommendation,this antenna will provide a workable solution in some installations.Figure 5.11Vessel insulated backstayPorcelainisolatorRadiation75 feetVesselinsulatedBackstayGroundconnectionCouplerPorcelainisolatorSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com27© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 ManualThe insulated backstay antenna requires two porcelains isolators. The couplermust be placed as close as possible to the base of the backstay antenna. Propergrounding of the coupler is very important. Connect the RF ground terminalof the coupler to all metal parts or structures of the boat (keel, engine, etc.).5.1 APARTMENT LOOP ANTENNALoop antennas can be used very effectively in small apartments, offices andholding rooms. Radiation for a loop antenna is always efficient but highlydirective. Therefore, the orientation of the loop is very important. Generally,the vertical loop antenna with horizontal radiation is much preferred for ageneral application throughout the 1.8 to 30 MHz band. However, loop antennascan be very effective when mounted horizontally to the ground to radiatevertically and provide efficient short range communications on higher frequencies.Generally HF connections are difficult to establish in the distancerange of 50 to 250 miles. In a large room (such as 20 x 30), we would recommendthe installation of a single wire loop antenna mounted on the ceilingwith the coupler against the wall directly below the antenna. The wire gaugeshould not be less than 16 AWG with insulation.When operation is for a small room, it is recommended that a small multiplewire loop (6 loops) on a rectangular configuration 3 by 4 feet be installed (asillustrated in the figure below).This configuration allows operation from 3.0 to 30 MHz and the SG-235 willtune and load all frequencies well below a ratio of 1.1:5 VSWR. Directivity willbe high from 3 to 12 dB depending upon the frequency. If this is a problem,two loops at 90 degrees can be installed to communicate at 90 degrees offdirection of the first loop antenna. Loop antennas are low noise antennas.However, because they are used in apartments and urban cities, high industrialnoise can be expected. Avoid using neon of fluorescent lights within 50 feetof the loop antenna, they may completely jam one or more frequency bands.Loop antennas of much larger sizes can be used, however, please rememberthat while the low frequency operation of such antennas may be quite good,the larger antennas may not work well at very high frequencies when locatedin a plane parallel to the earth. This is because large loop antennas generallyradiate their maximum lobe (field strength) at right angles to their plane.This means that a large loop, say 60 feet on a side, mounted 20 feet above theground would radiate much of its energy upward. While during the day thiswould work well for close in communications, longer distances would be28© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 Manualachieved with the loop mounted vertically. The vertical loop antenna of onequarter wavelength is the basis of the "quad" type directional antenna.Figure 5.12Small loop antenna (3 x 4 feet)Pegs or NailsBuilding wallUse 6-8 turns of #16 or larger wire which isinsulated for high voltages. No spacingbetween turns. Use a total of 70-90 feet ofwire.Cable to RadioSG-235 SMARTUNERSG-230 PRO SMARTUNERLoop antennas represent a DC short circuit and for this reason are much lesssusceptible to noise than are other kinds of antennas. In certain residentialand industrial areas where high noise levels occur, the loop antenna may providea substantial improvement in both receiving and transmitting performanceat very little cost.5.2 RECREATIONAL VEHICLE (RV) ANTENNASRV or trailers provide an excellent base to install effective low cost antennas,and both configurations, end fed or loop antennas can be used.Figure 5.2.1 Recreational vehicle bus or truck detail:18" PVCpipestandoffsRecreational VehicleAntenna InstallationAntenna wireMetal roofof vehicleCoupler mountedinside coachUse a separate ground strap or wire for the bodyand the chassis to the ground of the coupler.SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com29© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 ManualAn End fed antenna could be very effectively used if a metal cabin structure isavailable. Loop antennas have the advantage of not requiring a ground system,but are highly directive. Mounting the antenna is relatively simple andcan be mounted on short (18 inches 1/2 inch diameter) plastic plumbingpipes. In the end fed antenna, it is recommended that the antenna be as longas possible in an "L" shape configuration, as illustrated in the following diagram.5.3 Aircraft AntennasWhen installed in high performance turboprop or jet aircraft, the Smartunerwill operate well with a shunt-fed antenna. This is generally a 23-foot piece ofmetal which mounts on the fuselage of the aircraft and is grounded to the aircraftat one end. The device looks something like a towel bar on the undersideof the aircraft.Figure 5.3.1Aircraft Installation Detail:Rotary AircraftIsolatorWire antennaCouplerStrut to space outantenna with plastictubing or fiberglassrodFixed Wing AircraftWire antennaWire goes tothe couplerIsolatorGroundCouplerAviationcontrolheadRadioWire antennaIsolator30© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 ManualWhen installed in high performance turboprop or jet aircraft, the Smartunerwill operate well with a shunt fed antenna. This is generally a 13 foot piece ofmetal which mounts on the fuselage of the aircraft and is grounded to the aircraftat one end. The device looks something like a towel bar on the undersideof the aircraft. The Smartuner will also match well the more common wireantenna from fuselage to vertical stabilizer (and continuing to a wingtip ifdesired) and a long wire antenna under the tail rotor of helicopters. This longwire approach has proven very effective on Bell JetRangers and LongRangersin particular.5.4 LOW PROFILE, HIDDEN AND COVERT ANTENNASThere are two general types of low profile, hidden and covert antennas.¥ The first group is the paramilitary user who will wish to operate from a residenceor commercial building without drawing attention to the fact that longrange HF communication is in process.¥ The second class of covert antenna user (and a larger group) is the amateurradio community which finds itself more restricted almost daily by covenants,building codes and tenant requirements.We will consider a typical residential home and point out covert antennaswhich have been used very successfully for intercontinental communications.As you review the diagram on the following page, remember that the antennasused include both groundless loop type antennas and those which require acounterpoise (ground).A. If a flag pole is made of PVCpipe, it is easy to tape a large gaugewire to the inside of the pipe and usea good counterpoise. Typical flagpoles are 25 to 35 feet in height andoffer excellent performance on allbands.B. The down spout, rain gutterantenna works well if the piping andgutter are aluminum. You may wishCouplerAt least three ground radialslonger than the flag poleSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com31© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manualto secure the joints with hoseclamps or plumbers tape toassure low resistance connections.C. Masonry chimneys arevisually "busy". You can runa #10 copper wire parallel tothe chimney with little risk ofdetection. Some short standoffs and you have a supportfor a vertical dipole typeantenna.B C DCOUPLER COUPLER COUPLERD. The Inverted "L" antenna may work slightly better if it is installedclear of a building, but for covert operations, this type of installation is afavorite. Especially if the feedpoint is at ground level adjacent to an iron orcopper water line entering the house which will provide an excellentcounterpoise.E. Along the edge of the roof, held off by some inexpensive TV twinleadstand offs, you can hide 25 to 40 feet of antenna on virtually any house.F. Under the roof overhang, all kinds of wire antennas may be installed.G. Loop antennas installed on the inside or outside wall work well athigher frequencies and provide some directional characteristics.These antennas are also less prone to man made noise.H. All types of antennas may be hidden inside the roof of a buildingwhich uses non-metallic roofing materials.5.5 Emergency AntennasThere are a couple of antennas which don't fit into any category in particular,but which should be mentioned because when used with a Smartuner,they will deliver spectacular results.5.6 KITE ANTENNA:This is our recommended antenna to be carried aboard all types of vessels.This is because when a wind strong enough to damage a boat occurs, it iseasy to fly a kite and this may lift fifty to one hundred feet of antenna wire.For good emergency communications, you will only need 30-70 feet of32© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 Manualantenna and a strongly built (Mylar or nylon) kite.Remember that when a mast comes down, you have easy access to the highvoltage feedline which may be secured to a kite antenna. Offshore power boatscan use this antenna as well, since 10-20 knot winds are almost always availablewhen underway at sea.5.5.1 Kite AntennaBox, delta, or conventional kiteUse string to post for strain reliefÑdo not tiekite wie to coupler without strain relief100 feet ofstring30 to 70 feet of wire30 to 70 feet of wireground conductor (counterpoise)JumperStringCouplerNote: The counterpoise may be underwater if installed on abeach or from a vessel at sea. If an underwater counterpoise isused, tuning may change with tide changes in shallow waters.This type of antenna has been run for hours in tropical tradewinds with excellent results.Post or stake5.7 Tactical InstallationsOver the course of nearly 30 years of HF, SGC equipment has been used everywherefrom camelback in the desert to Antarctic expeditions. Along the waywe have collected a number of tips to get maximum system performance fromyour radio system when you are operating in a tactical or disaster situation.These tips, by the way, also apply when you go camping or are involved inamateur radio Field Day activities:5.8 TACTICAL Antenna SupportsExcept for a barren desert, just about all landscapes have structures (naturaland man made) which can be used for antenna supports. All it usually takes isseveral hundred feet of rope and some creativity. Here are some examples toconsider. If you wonder which structure would work best remember the onewith the greatest height and greatest distance from grounded metal will generallygive the best performance.1. Natural rock formations such as cliffs and bluffs.2. Tall trees.3. Water towers.4. Church spires and minarets of mosques.SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com33© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual5. Strung between rooftops of buildings.6. Sign posts such as for banks and gasoline stations.7. Telephone (not power) poles. There's no line noise on telephone poles.8. Railroad trestles9. Highway structures - signs, overpasses and bridges.10. Flag poles at public buildings, schools and hospitals.5.9 TACTICAL Grounds and counterpoisesJust as antenna opportunities abound, so do ground and counterpoise opportunitiesto the professional eye. Some of our favorite examples which correspondto the antennas above include:1. Cross country water and petroleum transmission pipes.(As it passes under a bluff?)2. Long steel cables along a mountain highway. (With nearby trees?)3. Chain link fencing. (Around the water tower?)4. Metal lawn sprinkler piping. (In the church yard?)5. Fire department stand pipes. ( Required in most big city building codes!)6. Underground metal petroleum storage tanks. (At the gasoline station?)7. Metal fencing of any type. (A barbed wire fence along a pasture undertelephone pole?)8. 100 feet of wire thrown in a river or sea. (Under a trestle?)9. Metal drain culverts. (Along a highway?)10. 4-5 cars parked with their metal bumpers touching or a sheet metalroof. (Hospital or public building.)As you can see from this list, there are an almost limitless number of optionsavailable for the trained professional to install a high performance antennasystem with only a small amount of wire and an SG-235 Smartuner.6.0 General Notes on Antennas and Couplers1. The longer the antenna, the better the antenna performance. Bydoubling the length of the antenna, an improvement of 3 - 6 dB can be34© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 Manualexpected in your radiation or receiving characteristics. This is theequivalent of transmitting with 400 watts, when in actuality you areusing only 100 watts.2. A ground for "end fed" antennas can be very effectively created byrunning radial wires from the coupler point and laying them onto theground. It is recommended that for a good ground, 12 radials should beused and they be about 1/3 larger than the antenna length. Thenumber of radials can be reduced; however, you need at least one.Efficiency pattern and radiation will decrease in proportion.3. Antennas will always perform better if the wire is of a large gauge.Never use anything less than gauge 16. If gauge 6 is used, animprovement of 6 dB can be expected over the 16 gauge. The radialground wire should be at least the same size as of the antenna wire.4. The SG-235 coupler can handle antennas beyond the specified minimumrange of 8 to 80 feet and should be extended as much as possible. Insome cases, the antenna can be 300 feet or longer. In this situation, youmay find some tuning holes that are of no importance to the presentapplication. However, if this is not the case, the antenna can be made alittle shorter or longer to overcome the tuning hole on the frequencyband you may have wanted to use.5. Always install the antenna system as far away as possible from anyelectrical or industrial noise source. Electrical appliance, electric motoror fluorescent lighting noise may cover upweak or even very strongsignals.6. The SG-235 is a remarkable antenna coupler that will tune practicallyany antenna good or bad. Keep in mind that it is not the coupler thatwill radiate the RF energy, it is the antenna. Therefore, use only goodsize wire and long antennas.7. Never use a feed line or coaxial cable at the output of the antennacoupler. The function of the coupler is to couple the radio to theantenna and not to use it as a mid point connector. The antenna systemstarts at the output to the coupler. Therefore, the lead end from thecoupler to the hypothetical antenna is part of the antenna system.Avoid having the lead end wire touch any other metal structure, as itwill capacitively short your antenna to ground.8. The backstay of your mast is the only viable antenna on a sailboat. TheSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com35© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 ManualSG-235 coupler is specifically designed to be used for suchapplications.9. For vehicular installation, do not use any inexpensive CB antennasand/or mounts. These antennas will not perform well between 1.8 to10 MHz even though the coupler will load and tune the antenna whip.A very high voltage of 15 to 30,000 volts RF will be applied to theantenna depending on the RF power level and frequency. Theinexpensive ball mounts for CB antennas are not designed for thisstringent a purpose. The use of an antenna system, such as theSG-303, is highly recommended as it was specifically designed forextreme applications.6.1 STEPS TO ANTENNA INSTALLATIONSystem installation is a three part process covering the following steps:a) Selection and installation of the antennab) Mounting the antenna tunerc) Connecting the appropriate interface cables between the tuner andthe transceiverThis manual section will discuss the three steps mentioned above in detailand will provide sufficient information to enable the user to confidentlyinstall a complete system properly.The antenna system is a key part of the communication system and for satisfactoryoperation the system must be carefully selected, then installed correctly.The unbalanced antennas used with the automatic antenna tuner usethe ground (counterpoise) as half of the antenna system. The ground formsan "image" antenna and is a critical part of the system. It is essential to considerboth the ground and the antenna when designing the system installation.6.2 Antenna LocationThe figures in Section 4 illustrate several different antenna installations.The following points should be carefully considered when designing theantenna system.1. The antenna should be located in a position free of obstructions,particularly in the desired direction of communication.36© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 Manual2. The antenna should be kept as far away as possible from buildings,trees and vegetation. If metallic masts or supports are used, arrangethe insulators so the antenna is spaced at least 2 meters from the mast.3. Remember that the radiating part of the antenna starts at the tuner.The location of the bottom portion of the antenna is very important.4. Vertical antennas have an omni-directional radiation pattern andwill provide equal performance in all directions.5. Horizontal wire antennas have maximum radiation broadside to theantenna when the frequency is less than 1/4 wavelength. As thefrequency increases beyond 1/4 wavelength, lobes will appear in theradiation pattern with the principal lobes becoming closer to theplane of the antenna as the length increases. At all times, radiationwill be minimal at the end of the antenna and should be located sothe ends point in directions where communications are not required.6. The "V" construction minimizes the directivity of the horizontalantenna and is recommended for all around coverage. In addition,the "V" antenna is a compromise between vertical and horizontalpolarization and will give good results for communications with landor marine mobiles using vertical whip antennas.7. High voltages (sometimes exceeding 30,000V RF) are present on theantenna. All parts of the antenna and tuner must be located orprotected so that there is no possibility of accidental contact.8. Do not locate the antenna close to other antenna systems.9. Make sure that the antenna is rigidly supported. The antenna willdetune if it sags or sways.10. The connection from the tuner to the ground must be a smallpercentage of the total length of the antenna. Do not let the length ofthe ground strap exceed 1 meter. Use heavy gauge wire or strap forground connection.11. Whip antennas should be connected with the minimum length of wire.(Do exceed 0.6 meters).12. Do not locate the tuner farther from the transceiver than necessary. Ifthe distance exceeds 10 meters (30 ft) , it is recommended that low losscoaxial cable, such as RG-8 or RG-213 be used.SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com37© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual6.3 Ground Systems - GeneralThe ground system (also called a counterpoise) is a key part of the overallantenna system and is the primary cause of poor performance and the difficultyof adjusting the tuner. A good ground is essential.6.3.1 Vehicle GroundsConnect the tuner directly to the frame of the vehicle. Ensure that a heavystrap is used from the tuner ground lug and that the connections are clearedof all paint and dirt so that the shiny metal is exposed. SGC always recommendsthat two grounding bolts with star washers be used to insure no ground resistanceis encountered. Make sure that the grounding point is not insulatedfrom other parts of the vehicle by non-metallic couplings, bushings, fiberglasspanels, etc. Modern vehicle assembly techniques which use spot weldingmay not always adequately connect various body parts. Use an ohm meter andinsure your vehicle is electrically bonded.Another area to watch is trunk lids and hoods. Because many body parts aredip painted, they may float above the RF ground when assembled. Use of shortheavy braid to insure all doors and hatches are grounded is good installationpractice. Although this is tedious work, the benefit is that once completed youwill have a much superior radiated signal and lower noise floor on receive.6.3.2 Marine GroundsA metal hulled vessel in salt water provides an almost ideal ground. The tunershould be connected directly to the hull using the shortest possible groundstrap or 2 to 3 inch wide 2 mil copper foil. Make sure that the contact point isfree from paint and dirt. Ensure a good contact area for minimum resistance.Wooden and fiberglass hulled vessels present more of a grounding problem. Itis normally necessary to bond all large metallic parts such as the stove, fueltanks, engine, propeller shaft, etc., and sometimes an external groundingplate should be connected to the hull. The bonding and grounding plateshould take into consideration the problems of electrolysis. Severe damagemay result if dissimilar metals are connected together.Our experience is that sacrificial zincs, which double as radio grounds, mayhelp, but are not by themselves a complete solution. If you use one (or more)of these devices, remember to provide for a large physical counterpoise inaddition.38© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 ManualIn a sailboat installation, we generally place the Smartuner in the aft lazaretteand then run at least three runs of foil forward. One runs up the port chine,just below the waterline, another up the starboard chine below the waterlineand the third up the center of the vessel.The center foil is generally connected to the rudder post, transmission, engineand keel bolts. The chine foils are attached to through hulls, the stove, tankageand so forth. The idea is to get as much metal inside the vessel connectedas possible. Metal toe rails and life lines work well as do keel coolers on motorizedcraft.Here is a tip for attaching foil to keel bolts. When a large keel bolt is exposed,drill into the keel bolt and tap the hole for a suitable stainless steel machinescrew. Attach with suitable copper washers for a solid electrical connection.Although it is not mandatory that ground foil be glued into place, we considerit a good idea to keep the space below decks neat and orderly under all conditions.If you are using a backstay antenna, try to visualize your ground as you lookdown from the top of the mast. Ask yourself if you see 100 square feet of metalbelow you. The closer to this figure you can get, the better your radiated signalwill be. What you are trying to do is make a large capacitor to the seawater. Consider the salt water of the sea to be one plate of a capacitor, theground system the other and the hull to be the dielectric.On marine installations, you should also be very aware of potential noisesources which may need to be bypassed to ground. We have encountered justabout every source of noise imaginable in vessel installations. When you arelaying in a ground system is the best time to track down annoying noisesources. Not only will you get much better voice communications, butWeatherfax, Navtex and Loran reception will improve as well if they are alsotied into the ground system.Particular attention should be paid to any device which uses an electric motor.This means to turn on the water pressure pump, bilge pump, hot water forcedair heater fans, refrigeration and autopilot motors. A few small capacitors toground (.01 microfarads at 100 VDC) can resolve many issues. Bypassing of thevessel's alternator is also a good idea.6.3.3 Base Station GroundsIn areas of high ground conductivity, an effective ground can be madethrough a grounding rod. The rod should be approximately 3 meters in lengthSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com39© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manualand should be installed as close as possible to the tuner. It may be necessary touse several ground rods bonded together to improve the ground contact.Water pipes are sometimes recommended as grounds and may be used providedplastic pipe is not buried as part of the system and the following conditionsare met:a) The water pipe is close to the tuner.b) The water pipe enters the ground very close to the tuner bonding point.c) There are no joints or couplings in the pipe that will increase theresistance path to ground.d) The water pipe enters soil with good conductivity.e) A low resistance contact is made to the water pipe.E a r t h r e q u i r i n g a c o u n t e r p o i s e . Frequently the ground conductivitywill not suffice to provide satisfactory operation of the coupler - almost certainlythe case with well drained sandy, rocky or loamy soils. Therefore, acounterpoise (artificial ground) must be used as the ground system.Rooftop installation requiring a counterpoise. In a rooftop installationwhere there is no existing ground plane, the ideal ground would be conductingsurface extending several wavelengths in all directions around theantenna. On a rooftop, this situation may be approximated by placing a screenof chicken mesh, copper hardware cloth or similar material over the roof ofthe building. More frequently, a counterpoise system of radial wires must beused. SGC recommends the use of at least 8-12 radials bonded together in thecenter. If the antenna is at ground level, the radials should be buried a fewinches below the surface.6.4 CorrosionThe ground connections are subject to corrosion and oxidation. All joints mustbe clean and the hardware adequately tightened. Joints should be well solderedwherever possible. The joints may be protected by an application of silicongrease, and under severe conditions, covered with electrical tape andwaterproof varnish or a durable brand of silicon caulking.If you are mounting your Smartuner on a vessel where a lot of salt spray isencountered, it is a good idea to put the wire connections which are exposed toweather on your 6-month periodic maintenance plan. Then, every sixmonths, you will be reminded to undo each of the connections, clean, retightenand reseal.40© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 ManualUse jumpers around metal backstay triangles on split backstay antennas.Corrosion may cause up to several hundred ohms of resistance to occur eventhough you may think that a metal-to-metal connection would be a good one.6.5 Antenna Coupler MountingThe coupler is mounted using the proper mounting ears on the case. Choose alocation immediately adjacent to the antenna feed point. In trunk mountedmobile installations, it is very important that the tuner is located so that theantenna insulator is within a few centimeters of the antenna exit hole. Notealso that the antenna lead must pass through an insulated bushing. High voltageconnecting cable must be used. (RG-8U cable with solid insulation may beused if the outer shielding is removed). A protective housing is highly recommendedwhen the coupler is installed on the outside, or on the deck.6.6 Antenna ConnectionThe antenna lead is connected to the high voltage insulator. During operation,use two wrenches when tightening the nut to prevent the stud rotating. Apotential of several thousand volts may be present at the antenna terminal andadequate protection must be made against accidental contact. It is also necessarythat the antenna is spaced at least 3 centimeters from the conducting surface.Sharp points in the lead-in wire should be avoided to prevent corona discharges.SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com41© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual7.0 Installation ProceduresThe following diagrams will assist in installing the Smartuner withSGC equipment.7.1 Installation with SG-2000The SG-2000 is shipped with all necessary connectors for installation of aSmartunerª and for installation of peripherals via the audio input/outputjack on the rear panel. You will see the connectors when you remove thePhillips head screws which hold the protective sheet metal cover over therear panel connectors.From left to right, these jacks provide the following:J-502 SG-235 Smartunerª connectionsJ-301 Aux. Audio input/output and PTT lineJ-503 Remote control head or multiple head junction boxJ-504 Remote control head or multiple head junction box(Head mounted on radio is normally connected here.)Ext. SPKExternal Speaker(active only if control head is attached to chassis.)OvenTurns oven On-Off (Shipped with oven ON as default)SG-2000 TO SG-235 Coupler CONNECTIONSSG-2000 RearPanel viewJ-502 J-301¥Ê¥Ê¥ ¥Ê¥Ê¥ ¥1 2 3 1 2 3 4SG-235 Coupler WiresJ502 1- Black wire of coupler cable ( Ground)J502 2- Red wire of coupler cable ( +12 VDC)J502 3- Green wire = TUNED indicationJ301 4- Brown wire = PTT "in"42© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 ManualOn All Radios:The SG-235 requires only a source of 13.6 VDC, an RF transmission line (RG-58/U up to 30 ft., RG-8 OR RG-213/U if over 30 ft.) plus suitable ground andantenna systems. No band switch information, low power tuning or handshakeis required, since the coupler tunes on RF voice or carrier. Power consumptionis normally less than 1 amp, allowing for use of small gauge wire.The fully PCB is protected against power reversal. The output for a remotemounted tune indicator, if desired is strictly optional.When installing your SG-235, remember to allow for the power to be disconnectedfrom the battery during periods when equipment is not being used.This will prevent draining the battery unnecessarily.7.2 Installation with SG-500 or other 500-watt amplifiersThe SG-235 requires only a source of +13.6 VDC, an RF trans-mission line (RG-58/U up to 30 ft., RG-8 or RG-213/U if over 30 ft.), and suitable ground andantenna systems. No band switch information, low power tuning, or handshakeis required, since the coupler tunes on RF voice or carrier. The graywire acts as the 500W amplifier transmsit engage, if a linear amplifier is used.Automatic amplifier switching. During tuning, the amplifier is in by-passoperation, indicated by a +5V on the gray wire. Once the coupler is tuned, thegray wire is pulled to ground and the amplifier is switched on.Manual amplifier switching. If your amplifier does not have a PTT or othercontrol line, you must switch the amplifier on manually, after the coupler hastuned. Then each time you change frequencies, the amplifier must be turnedoff so the coupler can tune at a lower power. Failure to follow these guidelinescould result in permanent damage to the coupler.When installing your SG-235, remember to allow for the power to be disconnectedfrom the battery during periods when equipment is not being used.This will prevent draining the battery unnecessarily.7.3 Smartlock Pro InstallationThe SmartLock Pro, a standard accessory with the SG-235, gives the user additionalcontrol over the coupler. It is not required for normal operation of thecoupler and does not need to be installed. It allows the coupler settings to beheld in place so no tuning or returning will occur, it has an LED indicatorwhich will light when the coupler is tuned, and it provides a manual reset ofthe coupler without turning the power off and on.SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com43© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 ManualC o n n e c t i o n s :S m a r t L o c k P r o to SG-235 SmartunerRed Ñ Red wire (+12 VDC)Green Ñ Green wire (Remote tuned indicator line)White Ñ White wire (Hold Settings)Blue Ñ Blue wire (Reset)Black Ñ Black/Yellow (Ground)We recommend soldering the wires together and insulating the exposed wireswith heat shrink or electrical tape. Other methods may suffice as long as theconnections are firm and no wiring remains exposed.A schematic drawing is provided as an aid to understanding the operation ofthe SmartLock Pro.Smartlock Pro Schematic DiagramC5.1uR22201/2W12 VDCHoldC4.1uJP11N751ASW2D1R41MR1150Green LEDDS1SW14PDTResetTunedRx AmpSW3PUSHBUTTONR3330Red LEDC3.1uSPDTDS2C1.1uC2.1uNo Tune/ResetC6.1uGND44© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 Manual7.4 WEATHERDECK MOUNTINGWeatherdeck mounting can be used. Years of experience have shown thatinside mounting or even splash-proof mounting is preferred, particularly incold, damp environments. In tropical use, shielding from direct sunlight isdesirable.The base of the antenna should be connected to the high voltage feed-throughinsulator on the housing. (Note: this insulator is not designed to supportheavy mechanical loads. If such loading is encountered, the use of a straininsulator is desirable.)The ground system should be connected to the 1/4 inch stainless steel stud protrudingfrom the bottom of the housing. Connection to the ground system is ofextreme importance for a successful installation. Ground runs of over a fewinches should be made from 4 inch wide copper strap or larger. The actualground system should be as good as possible, as the ground is an integral partof the antenna system. See section 5.2.2 on grounding. However, couplers ingeneral require the antenna parameters to be within the range of the tuningparameters or the coupler will not find a satisfactory match. It should alwaysbe remembered that the computer in the SG-235 is unable to second-guess theinstaller.A PROPER ANTENNA/GROUND INSTALLATION IS OF GREATIMPORTANCE. REGARDLESS OF WHETHER YOUR STATION ISA BASE STATION, MARINE, OR LAND MOBILE.SETUP FOR ELECTRICAL CHECK OUT:8.0 ELECTRICAL CHECKOUTAfter the SG-235 antenna coupler has been installed, the SSB transmittershould be adjusted to the highest frequency desired, and a directional wattmeter (i.e. Bird Model 43) should be inserted into the transmission line. Thetransmitter should then be powered. The SG-235 will begin to tune when RFpower is applied, and you will hear a "clattering" of PC mounted relays. If theantenna length and ground parameters are within range, the relay noises willstop when just a few words are spoken, and the reflected power on the wattmeter would indicate a value of better than 2:1 VSWR. The "TUNED" LED, whichis mounted on the PC board will light, and if there is a remote "TUNED" indicator,it will also light.SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com45© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 ManualNote: When changing to a new frequency, the SG-235 has a 4 second time delaybefore it will initiate a retune cycle. This can be bypassed by connectingBrown wire (PTT IN) to your radio external PTT output.12 volt power source(View: Back panelof unit)SGÐ2000 HF radioSGÐ235AntennaWatt meterCounterpoiseSG-2000 -->SG-235Black (of coupler cable) = groundRed (of coupler cable) = +12 VDCGreen = tuned indicationTerminal blockfor DC powercableSmartlockNext the SSB transmitter should be adjusted to the lowest desired frequency,and the test as outlined above should be repeated. The SG-235 should immediatelysense the mismatch, and switch to the tune mode to retune the antennasystem. Since the algorithm must search through more possible values of Land C to find an appropriate combination at the lower frequencies, the tunecycle may take longer. A few spoken words should achieve an "all tuned" indication.The SG-235 installation and tune-up is considered complete if theabove tests have been successfully performed.The SG-235 will probably not be supplied from SGC with memory data appropriateto your installation, and the memory feature may not seem impressiveat first. Allow the SG-235 to "learn" your antenna's requirements by proceedingfrom frequency to frequency and allowing the normal tune-up to occur.As the SG-235 computer memorizes more and more frequencies, you shouldthen be able to return to a previously tuned frequency and find that the couplerimmediately responds 'ALL TUNED', even before the first word is completed.The memory system is capable of storing hundreds of individual frequency/relaycombinations, mostly in the lower operating frequencies. This providesbetter memory resolution at the lower frequencies where antenna systemsare inherently narrow band. Usually, only one or two memory positionsare needed to provide satisfactory coverage at higher frequency bands.46 SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331© 1998 SGC IncE-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 Manual8.1 Alternate Electrical CheckoutOn Site Radio HF/SSB Transmitter & Coupler Test ProcedureL i g h t b u l b t e s t .If you suspect that there is a problem with your transmitting equipment,here is a simple test that you can perform to find out if your station equipmentis operating properly. All that is required is some hook up wire, a PL-259 connector, 2 alligator clips, a lamp socket, 100 watt lamp or a minimum200 watts for 500 watt system (two may be paralleled if necessary), andadapters as shown in the diagram. In a real emergency, you can simplifythis arrangement to suit the materials that you have on hand.1 - The light bulb test is used to verify basic operation of the transmitter,and antenna coupler. The lamp will present a load to the transmitter, andantenna coupler that is similar to an antenna. This test will provide a visualindication of the power output from the transmitter, and verify operation ofthe antenna coupler.2 - The transmitter should be tested first. Note that the lamp may be dim onsome frequencies. This is because the lamp is not an ideal load for the transmitter,and the SWR protection circuitry in the transmitter will automaticallyreduce transmitter power. If the lamp does not light on any frequency,there is high probability that the transmitter is in need of service, andthere is no need to proceed to the coupler test.3 - If the transmitter passes the test, proceed to the 'coupler test procedure'.Make sure that the antenna and ground are first disconnected from the coupler.Note that you should be able to hear the relays clicking in the coupleras the tuning cycle begins. This should stop within a few seconds, and thelamp should light brightly. If you are using the tuned indicator option, itshould illuminate when the coupler is tuned.4 - This test should be repeated on all bands of intended operation. Note thatthe coupler will probably not tune the lamp from memory. This because theimpedance of the lamp changes with temperature, and therefore presents adynamic load to the coupler.5 - Note that the lamp will not be as bright on the higher frequencies. Thisis due to the fact that some radiation from the hook up wiring will occur onthe higher bands, that is, some of the power will go 'on the air' and not beavailable to the lamp.SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com47© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual6 - If the coupler operates as described above, it is almost certain that it willgive satisfactory service with a proper antenna. If you are still having trouble,we hope that you will contact us for a free copy of our HF SSB User's Guideand Products Catalog which contains much additional information.If the lamp does not light: (be sure light bulb is good)1 - Make sure that the radio is set to the CW mode. Some transceivers may notprovide CW output unless a CW key is connected to the appropriate connector.If you are not sure about this, refer to your equipment manual. You may useFM or AM instead if necessary.2 - Check the voltage at the transceiver DC power terminals. Also, verify thatthere is at least 12 volts available at the antenna coupler.3 - You can check the SSB output of your transceiver by speaking into themicrophone. The lamp will not be as bright as in CW. This is normal.4 - Keep in mind that most troubles with these installations will be found inthe wiring, coax connectors, and antenna/ground system.5 - If there is no indication of transmitter output you will need to makearrangements to have the unit serviced.6 - If transmitter output is good, but the coupler does not tune up the lamp, youshould contact SGC for help.If your equipment passed these tests:1 - Your equipment is capable of producing a strong signal. If you arehaving trouble, it is probably either in the antenna system, or your operatingprocedure.2 - Make sure that your antenna and ground system are installed correctly,contact SGC for a copy of our HF User's Guide for much additional informationon this subject.3 - If you are new to HF radio, we strongly suggest that you set up aschedule with another station for your initial tests. A helpful operator at theother end can provide useful information about your station performance.5 - The technical support staff at SGC has many years of experience inall facets of HF radio communications. If you need help with your SGC equipment,please contact us. We stand ready to provide solutions to your communicationschallenges.48© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 ManualA light bulb connected to the antenna jack of a radio is simple and effectivemethod to test if your radio is transmitting. The instruction below explain howto test the SG-2000 HF Radio and optionally the SG-235 Coupler.This test can be modified and adapted to work on any other radio.Equipment Required:SG-2000 Radio or any HF SSB and AM/FM Transmitters.SG-235 CouplerAC to UHF Connector Cable [see figure below]AC to Alligator Clips Cable (needed with Coupler) [see figure below]Light Bulb to AC Adapter [see figure below] (be sure light bulb is good)Light Bulb; 75 to 200 watt, 120 to 220 VACRadio Test Procedure:1. Connect "AC to UHF Connector Cable" to SG-2000 RF IN/OUT Connector.2. Screw light bulb into "AC Adapter"3. Plug AC Adapter and light bulb into "AC to UHF Connector Cable" thatis attached the radio [see figure below]4. Turn on the radio and set to CW mode and PWR to HI5. Key "push to talk" switch on microphone, and observe the light bulb.The light should come on if the radio is transmitting.6. Set power to LO7. Key "push to talk" switch on microphone, and observe the light bulb.The light should come on if the radio is transmitting. Observe that thelight is not as bright as step 5.SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com49© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual8. Set power to HI9. Set the radio to AM mode or CW and any carrier.10. Key "push to talk" switch on microphone, and observe the lightbulb. The light should come on if the radio is transmitting.Observe that the light is not as bright as step 5.11. Set the radio to SSB mode12. Key "push to talk" switch on microphone and talk into themicrophone. Observe the light bulb comes on when you talk.RF GNDRF IN-OUTSG-2000 RadioCoupler Test Procedure:1. Connect coupler to the radio and disconnect antenna from coupler.2. Connect "AC to Alligator Clips Cable" to the SG-235 antenna jack.3. Screw light bulb into "AC Adapter"4. Plug AC Adapter and light bulb into "AC to Alligator Clips Cable" thatis attached the coupler. [see figure below]5. Turn on the radio and set to CW mode. Turn on the coupler6. Key "push to talk" switch on microphone, and observe light bulb. Thelight should come on if the radio is transmitting.50© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 ManualCoupler Test Procedure ContinuedNote: The light bulb may not come on immediately if the coupler has not yetbeen tune for that frequency. The light bulb brightness is greatest when thecoupler is tuned for that frequency.RF GNDAntenna JackRF IN-OUTSG-2000 RadioSG-230 Antenna CouplerGND8.2 COUPLER CONFIGURATIONSchematic Q30102500, sheets 1 and 2, are the schematic diagrams of the antennacoupler. RF input is applied through connector J5; +13.6VDC is connectedbetween the terminals marked +12V and GND on J7, and an appropriate antennaand ground system are connected to feed through insulator and stainlesssteel stud respectively.Schematic Q3330102501 is the digital design of the antenna coupler. J4 is a connectorfor the Smartlock Pro and PTT out signal to the amplifier. J3 is for RS-232 connection to control the tuner remotely with a PC.8.3 TUNING PROCESSAn array of detector devices in the SG-235 monitors the antenna system impedance,reactance signal, and the VSWR load when RF power is applied to theunit. The computer uses the forward power detector as a check to ensure thatthe measurements made are applied RF and are not spurious levels from thedata conversion system. The SG-235 will proceed to tune only when enoughforward power is present to confirm this check.After RF is applied to the coupler, it then passes through the detector system.The detector system consists of six capacitors in shunt on the input arm of theSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com51© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manualnetwork, eight inductors in the series arm, and five more capacitors in shunton the output arm, all arranged in binary increments. Relays are provided inconjunction with each lumped constant and allow removal or entry as desired.A network having 64 values on input shunt C, 32 values of output shunt C, andup to 256 values of series L is possible with the manipulation of these 38 relays.8.4 IMPEDANCE DETECTORRF transformers T3 and T2 drive the impedance bridge which is balanced at 50ohms. T2 samples the line current and thus D2 outputs a negative DC level proportionalto line current. A tertiary winding on transformer T3 provides a linevoltage sample to D7 which provides a positive voltage proportional to linevoltage. R34 and R26 act as a summing network for the current and voltagesignals, with ratios chosen such that, at 50 ohms, the summed signals result ina balanced or zero voltage condition.If the line impedance goes to high, the signal from the voltage sensor will berela-tively higher than the current sensor, which will result in a net positiveoutput voltage from the summing network.Similarly, a low line impedance will result in more output from the currentsensor, resulting in a net negative output voltage from the summing network.The summing network output is shifted to a 0 to 5V range, then fed to theprocessor's A to D converter ports, and used within the microcontroller.8.5 VSWR DETECTORA directional coupler comprises a current transformer T1 and a voltage transformerT3, in conjunction with termination resistors R22 and R19. The coupleris inserted in the 50-ohm transmission line between the input connector, J5,and the tuning network. The forward power is measured across terminationR22 and reflected power is measured across termination R19. Diode D1 generatesa positive DC voltage proportional to forward power and D8 generates apositive DC voltage proportional to reflected power. The forward DC output isfed to a voltage divider consisting of R35 and R23. These voltages are input tothe RF power detector and to an A to D converter port of the processor. Thereflected DC output passes through a voltage divider consisting of R39 and R40,and then it also goes to an A to D converter port of the processor.8.6 PHASE DETECTORA phase detector is formed by T2, A1, and their associated components. Thisdetector indicates the state of any reactance associated with the antenna cou-52© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 Manualpler as noted from the generator. A line current sample is compared in phasewith a voltage sample in a double balanced mixer. Output polarity is positivefor a net capacitive reactance. The output of the phase detector A1 is shifted toa 0 to 5V range, then fed to the processorÕs A to D converter ports and usedwithin the microcontroller.8.7 THE CONTROL DEVICE(CPU - CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT)A tune-up algorithm, which is contained in the memory of the microprocessor,actually implements the antenna matching. It is designed around the MC68HC711E9 CPU which features a versatile instruction set, RAM, and EEPROM(memory which is saved after the coupler is turned off). The antenna couplerrelays are controlled by latches U1, U2, and U3, which receive serial data inputdirectly from the CPU.During operation, data is transferred into the CPU from the A to D ports andInput Capture port (measures RF frequency). The program monitors the statusof the input sensors andÑstarting from a preset conditionÑuses a built-in algorithmto achieve a tuned condition. When the tuning algorithm is complete,the CPU saves the settings in its EEPROM, which is addressed by the applied RFfrequency.This non-volatile memory table is the basis of the exclusive learning featureof the SG-235. After it has stored and latched the network status, the CPU waitsfor RF to cease transmitting and returns to the Stop mode. When RF is retransmitted,the first step in the tuning algorithm is to measure the frequency ofthe signal passing through the coupler. From the frequency data, the computerthen searches its EEPROM for previously stored data. If data is found, it istested for validity, and the required Òend of tuneÓ conditions will be sensed bythe RF sensors. Then the data will be latched in place, and the CPU will againwait for RF to cease transmitting and return to the ÒSTOPÓ mode. This processtakes about 20 milliseconds, the same length of time required to close the networkrelays.8.8 INITIALIZATIONThe microcomputer is usually in the stop mode and requires an external interruptrequest signal (XIRQ or IRQ) to start program implementation. The interruptrequest comes either from the RS-232 remote manual tuning IRQ or theRF detector circuitry. The RF detector line goes into the XIRQ pin of the CPUand when it goes low, wakes up the CPU from the STOP mode.SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com53© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual8.9 INFORMATION READThe data sensors are interfaced with the CPU through input ports PA3 throughPA7. After an IRQ, the tune algorithm program can access any desired variableby simply searching for the desired input port (lacking any applicablepre-stored data). Since the comparators effectively preprocess the desireddata, to read any specific variable, the CPU need only look at the required portfor the desired variable.8.10 Bypass Operation JumpersIf broadband operation is required during receive for scan operation, jumperJP2 may be set to the ÒY E SÓ position. This will drop the tuning elements out ofthe circuit on receive only. Jumper JP2 is located on the far left side of theQ50102501 printed circuit board. (If you open your Smartuner to access thisjumper, please use caution to ensure that the waterproof seal is carefullyplaced prior to refitting the coupler cover.)¥ Setting JP2 to the ÒY E SÓ position is recommended if you are using a radio forsplit band communications, for scanning selective calling protocols, or forALE (Auto-matic Link Establishment).The default is: Tuning Out In Rcv: [no].¥ Jumper JP1 set to ÒN oÓ bypasses the couplerÕs memories. This means thateach time the coupler is used on a different frequency, it will retune ratherthan use previously stored information.The default is Tune From Memory: [ Ò Y e s Ó ].¥ Jumper JP3. Set to ÒYes,Ó JP3 keeps the 500-watt amplifier in the transmitmode as long as the PTT signal from the radio is asserted and whether or not RFpower is applied to the coupler. Set to ÒNo,Ó JP3 keeps the 500-watt amplifierin the transmit mode as long as RF power is applied to the coupler.The default is PTT control: [ Ò Y e s Ó ].54© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 ManualSG-235MicroTune ªSoftwareCopyright November-19919.0 Tuning Process and OptionsThe SG-235 MicroTuneª Software is unique software which allows fineand precise tuning of the digitally controlled ¹ & L network antenna couplerconfigurations.AntennaL150 ohmsC inC outThe versatile MicroTuneª software offers its' user these special functions:¥ The coupler is activated whenever forward power is present.¥ In addition to sampling VSWR to determine if the coupler should re-tune,frequency comparison is employed, causing the coupler to tune whenthe transmit frequency changes independent of the VSWR reading.¥ Extensive tuning algorithms are used to test and verify different antennasituations. Initially, the first tuning cycle will require several hundredmilliseconds. Any further tuning is accomplished in a matter ofmilliseconds when recalled from memory.SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com55© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual¥ Facilities and algorithms are used, which enable accurate tuning at the lowend of the frequency band, and the use of even shorter antennas thanpreviously possible.¥ The BITE (Built-In-Test-Equipment) Indicator Tune LED includes a safetyfeature which alerts the operator to a mismatched condition, viablinking indicators, when proper tuning conditions have not been met.In this situation, the software will "time out" within 20 seconds unless anew frequency is sensed, which will cause an immediate time out, andthe coupler will attempt to match the new frequency.The sophisticated MicroTuneª software of the SG-235 enables precise tuningof the coupler components and tuning of a wide variety of antennas.The microprocessor of the coupler is turned on every time that the couplerhas forward power. However, re-tuning takes place only if the VSWR isgreater than 2:1, or if the frequency has changed. Upon initiation of the tuning,one of the five tuning paths is selected for the initial tuning, dependingon the condition of the tuning indicators.9.1 PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONWhen DC power is applied, the computer initializes the processor registers inaccordance with the hardware. All tuning elements are then removed and the'tune' indicators are turned off. At this time the computer reverts to a "sleep"mode awaiting RF power.When RF power is verified, the computer will perform a test to verify forwardpower is present. If no forward power is detected, the computer will revertback to the "sleep" mode.Once forward power is detected, the current transmit tuning element data issent to the relays and the VSWR is checked. If the VSWR is greater than 2:1,the program branches to the 're-tune' selection. If the VSWR is less than 2:1,the current frequency is compared to the most recent frequency employed. Ifa difference in frequency is detected, the program again branches to the retuneprogram. If it is determined that the VSWR is less than 2:1 and the frequencyhas not changed, the computer returns to the "sleep" mode.Once it is determined that re-tuning is necessary, a test is made to see if 'J3' isset to tune from memory. If the result is re-tuning from memory, the frequencyis measured and tuning data is recalled from the memory based on thefrequency measured.56© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 ManualThe recalled data is then tested for validity. If the data proves invalid, it isbypassed and re-tuning is performed. If the data recalled proves valid, the datais sent to the relays and the VSWR is checked. If the VSWR is less than 2:1, theprogram branches to the "OK Tuned" section of the program. If the VSWR isfound to be greater than 2:1, the program branches to the "re-tune" program.Several tests are made to determine which tuning algorithm or path should beused to tune the coupler. These tests are based on frequency, antenna inputimpedance, antenna phase, and VSWR. Numerous subroutines are executedrepeatedly, depending on the status of the criteria mentioned above, in orderto achieve proper tuning.Should the initial primary tuning sequence prove unsuccessful, secondaryalgorithms are attempted until all possible routines have been exhausted. If, atthis point, an acceptable VSWR has not been achieved, the tuner status acquisitiontime is increased, and the tuning process is repeated.If, after the second attempt, the tuner still cannot achieve a proper VSWR, theprogram branches to a "no-tune" program. Here, the tune indicators willblink on and off, all tuning elements will be removed, and the tuner will gointo a 20 second time delay. During this time delay, the transmit frequency ismonitored. Should a change in frequency occur, the tuner will revert to thebeginning of the interrupt segment of the program and attempt to tune thenew frequency.If the tuner achieves a good VSWR during the tuning sequence, the programbranches to the "OK Tune" section of the code. Here, the tune indicators areengaged. A test is then made to check if 'J3' is set to tune from memory. If so,the frequency is measured and the tuning elements used are saved in memorycoupled with a verification code.Once saved, a test is made on 'J2' to check if the duplex mode has been selected.If so, the transmit tuning elements remain in circuit until the receive mode isverified. At this time all tuning elements are removed.The current frequency is then saved for future comparison and the computerreverts back to the "sleep" mode.9.2 TUNING ALGORITHMS OR PATHSAs mentioned previously, various tests are executed to determine the most logicaltuning sequence to be performed. Dependent on the test results, additionalSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com57© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manualtests and appropriate subroutines are executed throughout the tuning process.Following are examples of the activity that occurs when the tuner must bematched to a frequency that requires a slightly longer or shorter antenna:9.3 Antenna Too ShortAntennaL150 ohmsC inOnce the tuner has verified RF power, the tuning sequence is as follows:1. Series inductance is added until the phase is deemed as beinginductive. At this point it is normal for the input impedance to be low.2. Input capacitance is added until the antenna is no longer inductive.3. Tests are conducted continuously on the VSWR phase and inputimpedance. As long as the VSWR is greater than 4:1, the programwill continue to increment the series inductance in .125 µh steps -each time normalizing the input impedance with input capacitance.4. When the VSWR goes below 4:1, the computer will retain the data itdetermines is less than 2:1 until input impedance is no longer low orVSWR climbs higher than 2:1. The previous data is then tested onceagain to verify validity.5. At this point the tune indicators are engaged. The current relay datais saved if 'J-3' is set to tune from memory, and if 'J-2" is set to thetuning elements out during receive position, the program waits untilforward power is no longer present, then removes all tuningelements. The current frequency is saved for future frequencycomparison, and the computer reverts back to the "sleep" mode.58© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 Manual9.4 Antenna too longAntennaL150 ohmsCoutOnce the tuner has verified RF power, the tuning sequence is as follows:1. Output capacitance is added until input impedance test results are low.2. At this point, the antenna will be capacitive. Therefore, seriesinductance is added until the antenna is no longer capacitive.3. Fine tuning is performed by trying a small amount of inputcapacitance (this may or may not be required).4. At this point, the program executes the "OK Tuned" sequence, reactingto 'J-3', 'J-2', etc., eventually reverting to the "sleep" mode.The preceding gives a simplified overall program flow on only two possibleantenna conditions. Much more complex tuning is normally the case.Further detailed description, however, is beyond the scope of this publication.The actual program is copyrighted and is not available.9.5 J-2 - Tuning elements out during receive(FACTORY default SETTING: NO)Y E SNOIn this position the software will retain data required in transmit tomatch the tuner while removing all tuning elements when noforward power is detected.In this position the tuner will retain the required tuning data andwill not change anything whether in receive or transmit.SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com59© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 ManualIf typical operation is out of band duplex, '"YES'" would be most likely to givebetter performance. If in band operation is typical and duplex or simplex isthe predominant mode of operation, then 'NO' is usually the better choice.9.6 J-1 - Tune from memory(FACTORY default SETTING: YES)Y E SNOIn this position the tuner will recall data previously saved andtry this data before attempting to re-tune. If the data is valid and theVSWR is less than 2:1 the tuner is done. In this position the tuner willsave new data in its' memory for any frequency. A new frequencymust first be learned, while in this mode, before it can be recalled.In this position, the tuner will not use previously saved tuning data.Each time a different frequency is selected the tuner will proceedthrough a complete tuning sequence.Clearly, the advantage of "YES" is speed. The tuner will seem to be matchedinstantly when in this position, if the frequency being used has previouslybeen memorized in this mode. Obvious disadvantages include a difference infrequency too small for the computer to detect. This would result in recall ofvalid data that may not necessarily present the best match.It is suggested to start with 'J-1' in the "YES" position. If operation is asexpected, don't change it.¥ Note: The SG-235 does provide a way to by-pass tuning from memoryeven with JP1 set to ÒYESÓ. To do this, the SmartLock PRO must beinstalled. If the coupler tunes from memory and you want the couplerto try to find a better setting, do the following:1. Switch the SmartLock PRO to Tune Lock.2. Press the reset button while in the Tune Locked LED is flashing.3. Switch Tune Lock back to NormalNow when RF power is applied, the coupler will proceed through the tuningalgorithm and when a solution is achieved, these setting will overwrite previoussettings for that particular frequency.To return to normal tuning from memory, simply press the reset buttonwhile the SmartLock PRO is set on Normal.60© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 Manual9.7 JP3 - PTT out Control(Factory default setting: Y E S)YES In this position, the SG-235 will keep the 500-watt amplifier in thetransmit mode (after the coupler has found a match) as long as the PTT signalfrom the radio is asserted (low), whether or not RF power is applied tothe coupler.NO In this position, the SG-235 will keep the 500-watt amplifier in thetransmit mode (after the SG-235 has found a match) as long as RF power(more than 5 watts) is applied to the coupler.10.0 Smartlock PRO OperationThe Smartlock PRO allows the operator to have additional control over the SG-235.10.1 Tune, Tune Lock, and ResetTuned (green LED)- Turns on when the coupler has successfully tuned.Normal / Tune Lock - Toggle switch allows user to prevent coupler retuningby switching to the Tune Lock position. When in the Tune Lock position,the red LED blinks to notify the user that the coupler is locked on the currentsetting.Reset - Pushing the red reset button allows the coupler to be reset. This ispreferable to the other method of turning the input power off and on.10.2 Smartlock Pro NotesThe Tune Lock function is in most cases unneeded. Inadvertent retuning is arare occurrence. Retuning may occur when the environment or antennasystem has changed. In this case, retuning is within normal operation of thecoupler. However, the function is still provided with the SG-235 to be used ifdesired.The SG-235 can also override the Tune From Memory jumper setting. In somecases, a recalled setting from memory may yield a VSWR less than 2:1 butmay not be the best setting attainable. For this situation, the coupler can beforced to retune and store the new settings in memory.To do this, first switch to the Tune Lock position and then push the reset button.Now, switch back to Normal position, activating the Tune From Memoryby-pass. Every new transmitted frequency will cause the coupler to retuneSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com61© 1998 SGC Inc

and store the new setting in memory, over writing any previous settings. Toreturn to normal Tune From Memory, simply push the reset button while inNormal Position.Quick Start GuideRemote Manual TuningSG-235 ManualTo quickly install your antenna coupler you will need the following:1. An HF radio with 3 to 500 watts output.2. An HF antenna with a single wire feed (not coax fed).Minimum length of 50 feet (from 3.0 MHz) or 300 feet (from 1.8 MHz).3. A good ground (counterpoise) for the antenna and coupler4. +12 VDC and ground for the coupler.5. An IBM compatible desktop or laptop computer with MS Windows 3.1 orbetter and a 386 or better microprocessor.Connections: Connect the Smartuner to the PC cable as shown in the following diagram:Operation:Wire antennaAntenna outputporcelainconnectorsSG-235 SGÐ230PRO Smartuner Smartuner(side view)Ground bolt25 feetLarge ground (counterpoise) systemDiagram of Smartuner Installation9 feet (2.8 meters)To transmitterPL Ð 259(See BlackÑgrounddiagram onQuick Start atRed + 12VDCfront of manualfor cableRed/WhiteÑdetails)Smartlockcontrol line(optional)Black/WhiteÑ1. Install the software on your computer by running the setup file.2. Connect cables to the coupler, PC, and radio.3. Turn on power to the coupler and radio.4. Coupler should come up in the bypass (untuned) state.5. Double click the ÒSGC SmartTunerÓ icon.6. In the Manual Tuner program, select proper COM port under the Ports menu.7. In the Manual Tuner program, select Establish Link under the Run menu.8. Radio may be placed in transmit if it is emitting less than 30 watts.62© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 Manual11.0 Troubleshooting the SG-235Only a small number of installation mistakes can be made. These will fall intoone of several categories: ground fault, cable fault, and antenna fault. Thereis also a slight chance of an electrical fault in the coupler.When you are troubleshooting the SG-235 and you understand that there arethree variables, you should change each variable, in sequence, to determinewhere the problem lies. If you change the ground, antenna, or supply voltage,you are bound to change the performance of the coupler.11.1 Ground FaultsCommon ground faults include faulty counterpoise, indecisive ground,differing resistance, improper bonding, and problems resulting frominaccurate assumptions.Faulty counterpoise. The most common problem encountered here is whenan installation has been made without a proper counterpoise. If the counterpoiseis electrically smaller than the antenna, the system may load ÒupsidedownÓÑwhere the antenna acts as the counterpoise and the counterpoise radiates.When this condition occurs, the operator may encounter ÒRF BitesÓ fromtouching metal objects connected to the counterpoise.Indecisive ground. A second kind of ground fault occurs when the decisionwhether the ground or the antenna should radiate is difficult. When this conditionis encountered (usually at a frequency where the counterpoise is nearresonance), the coupler may cycle repeatedly. This condition may be addressedas follows:¥ You may give short bursts of CW and when the coupler stops in atuned condition, as indicated by the remote tuned LED, you mayinvoke the SmartLock Pro Tune Lock function, thus forcing thecoupler to retain correct settings.¥ You may simply change the ground system so that it becomes largerthan the antenna at the problem frequency.Differing resistance. The third kind of ground fault which we encounteroccurs when a ground system and an antenna have very different electricalresistance. This happens when you install a very conductive copper antennawire in an aircraft. When the fuselage is used as a counterpoise, the aluminummust be much bigger than would a copper ground because the internalresistance of aluminum is significantly higher than copper.SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com63© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 ManualBy the way, this is why we don't like to use aluminum ground wires as radials.Just as when aluminum is used in house wiring, several gauges larger areneeded to carry the same amount of current the same need applies here.I m p r o p e r b o n d i n g . The fourth kind of ground fault you may encounteroccurs where the ground is not properly bonded to the coupler. We go to considerableeffort to make sure the stainless steel ground stud is well connectedto the coupler.Particularly in automobiles and aircraft, a single ground connection w i l l n o tdo. It is mandatory that at least two ground bolt connections are used.Inaccurate assumptions. The fifth situation to check for is what we callÒdangerous assumptionsÓ about the ground system. When you bond from theantenna coupler to copper or iron water pipes, you might make an assumptionthat the water pipes are a good ground. But in many installations,copper pipes are used in the building but a plastic main connects to themunicipal system outside the service entrance. So much for a good ground.11.2 Antenna FaultsThe key to getting the most out of your Smartuner is to realize the antennabegins right at the high voltage screw on the SG-235 case. In other words, thisis the feed point of your antenna system. Failing to install your coupleraccordingly will result in unsatisfactory operation. With this concept in mind,you can easily avoid some of the common troubles with a properly plannedinstallation.Coaxial cable on output. Coax on the output is probably the single mostcommonly asked question about the coupler and is the most misunderstood. Letus reiterate: The Smartuner was not designed to feed a piece of coax.Stray ground capacitance. Stray ground capacitance is the next largestcause of malfunctioning installations. If you have a long lead wire from thecoupler to a feed through (on a wall or bulkhead), you significantly increaseyour chance of problems. Wire running parallel to a grounded surface mayrepresent a significant capacitance to ground and, just as with coax, this willcause problems.To give you an idea how these two points can cause problems, let us relate anincident which happened in late 1992. A Smartuner user had a couplerinstalled in a mobile ham radio installation. The coupler could not find a lockon several bands. After going through his installation carefully, the usercalled SGC for technical support. This user was nearing wits end.64 SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331© 1998 SGC IncE-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 ManualIn working through the logical troubleshooting process with him, we discoveredthat he had used coaxial feed line from the insulator on the coupler to theantenna feed point. Because he had read about the dangers of capacitance toground in an earlier edition of this manual, he did not have the coax shieldgrounded. We had him remove the ungrounded braid and the installationworked fine.Experiences like this have taught us to be fanatical about using the shortestpossible wire and no coax on the output of the coupler.Another key lesson here is that even if you have a low capacitance lead, ahigh capacitance antenna will not work well. If you have a whip type antenna,mounted on the back of a van, you will have a large portion of the antennarunning right next to grounded sheet metal. This causes a high loss to ground,one reason why we do not recommend CB type whip antennas. The other reasonis the base insulation in ball mounts is inadequate for everything butextremely low power.Long lead lines. If you have a Smartuner feeding a 9-foot antenna with a 1-foot feed line located inside a hull or inside a vehicle, you have 10% of theantenna where it will do you no good. If you have more than 5% of the antennainside a grounded cabin, you will begin to lose performance.A good rule of thumb is that under one foot of feed line is a good installation,one to two feet aren't very good installations, and over two feet means you areasking for trouble.ÒOdd reactance.Ó The next category of antenna fault is what we call the ÒoddreactanceÓ problem. Although the Smartuner is an exceptionally welldesigned product, you may from time to time find an antenna length whichjust wonÕt quite work right. Generally this occurs when the Smartuner is havinga tough time making up its mind about which of two tuning solutions isbetter. If it is a very close call, you can have an antenna which causes cyclingand just won't stay locked.The solution in such cases is to add or subtract a couple of feet of wire from theantenna. This generally cures the problem.As part of your checkout of an HF system, you should operate on all channelsand frequencies which you plan to use on a regular basis to insure the couplerand antenna which you have provided work well.A n t e n n a I n s u l a t o r. Sporadic operation may be caused by poor antennainsulators. We have seen on sailboats, for example, people trying to saveSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com65© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manualmoney by expecting the fiberglass hull to act as an insulator and not using alower insulator. The hull is not a good insulator and a thin layer of wet saltwater will degrade the ground further. Similarly, mobile HF users who rely ona poor quality ballmount find these are especially prone to arc over inside theball mount where it is difficult to detect.The point we are making here is simply this: you should have a leakage pathof 2 inches at all points on your antenna and especially in the area of the feedpoint: 10,000 to 30,000 volts of RF energy will not be adequately confined byinexpensive insulators.11.3 Transmitter FaultsSome vexing problems don't relate directly to the antenna or the ground systembut may nonetheless cause difficulties.Here are two of the most common types:Oscillation. The transmitter may have a tendency to oscillate. The generalsymptom is that the coupler will work well with another radio but will nottune correctly when the desired radio is in place. The coupler finds a tuningsolution, as indicated by the remote tune indicator going on, but then resumeshunting. In a majority of cases this will be caused by an overly sensitivetransmitter final amplifier section or by inadequate shielding around theamplifier.We know of several radios that oscillate relatively easier than most radiosbecause they are housed in a plastic case. A plastic case does not provide anadequate shield for serious RF components. In some of these cases, puttinggrounded foil around the radio, or changing the radio location and orientation,has changed the symptoms. But if you want quality performance, select asolid radio.P o w e r s u p p l y . Power supplies have been known to cause problems for HFusers because they change voltage when the load on them changes. If thetransmitter is drawing heavy current, as transmitters do when they are runningat peak input power, the voltage to the antenna coupler may changeenough to cause the coupler to either drop into a reset mode (under +11 VDCbeing present) or, the transmitter final amplifier impedance may changegreatly, thus changing the tuning solution.To alleviate this condition, remember to use a power supply which has bothadequate current handling capacity and good dynamic regulation. Better yet,use a regulated power supply of an adequate rating.66 SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331© 1998 SGC IncE-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 Manual11.4 A Final Pointer on TroubleshootingRemember that the SG-235 is an excellent piece of equipment which will giveoutstanding performance. If you have a problem with the coupler finding atuning solution, you should change one variable at a time.SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com67© 1998 SGC Inc

SGC EquipmentStandard WarrantySG-235 ManualSGC wishes you to be satisfied with your new equipment purchase. This SGC product therefore is warranted to be without defect inworkmanship or materials for a period of one year from the date of purchase. Proof of a date of purchase is required when requestingwarranty service.The warranty registration card which is furnished with this product should be returned immediately to provide evidence of purchaseand to assure receipt of important notices regarding your SGC equipment and related services.In the event of a defect as defined above, SGC shall, at its option, either repair or replace the product free of charge to the purchaser,provided that:1. The warranty is limited to the original purchaser and is not assignable.2. As a condition to obtaining warranty services, purchaser must at its own expense deliver the product to SGC's facility inKing County, Washington. If purchaser returns a model that is no longer in stock, SGC reserves the option to replace thatunit with another model with comparable capabilities. SGC may choose the carrier for return of the unit, provided thatpurchaser may request an alternative method of shipment.3. This warranty is void if your SGC product:a) has not been operated in accordance with all procedures described in the operating instructions;b) has been serviced, adapted or modified without written approval by SGC; orc) is improperly installed, used, or otherwise damaged (including without limitation any damage by fire, smoke or water).4. There is no warranty coverage for any of the following:a) costs of removing or reinstalling the product when submitted for warranty service;b) incidental, consequential or exemplary damages arising from any defect or failure of the product (except to the extentthat applicable state law may not allow exclusions or limitations on such damages, in which case this exclusion may notapply to you);c) any non-performance of the product due to an inadequate or improperly tuned antenna or grounding system;d) transmission range or geographical coverage of the product, which are highly variable in each application;e) routine maintenance, periodic adjustment or performance testing of the product as recommended in the operatinginstructions; orf) normal wear and tear on the product.5. THIS LIMITED WARRANTY SHALL CONSTITUTE THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY FOR YOURPRODUCT. SGC DISCLAIMS ANY OTHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, INCLUDING WITHOUTLIMITATION ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.6. This limited warranty contains the complete obligations of SGC to pur chaser in connection with this product, and it shallupersede all previous oral or written statements or agreements concerning such obligations. This warranty may only beamended by a writing signed by an authorized officer of SGC.7. After expiration of the warranty herein, SGC may continue to offer repair services to keep your equipment operational.Please inquire as to the prevailing charges for such service.68 SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331© 1998 SGC IncE-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

SG-235 ManualNotesSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com69© 1998 SGC Inc

Appendix - QMS SystemAppendixÑ QMS SystemIntroductionSGCÕs QMS (Quick Mount System) is the newest addition to the many outstandingproducts manufactured by SGC, Inc. that incorporate the latest technologicaldevelopments in both design and craftsmanship. Featuring state of the arttechnology in microprocessor-based communication equipment, the QMS representshigh reliability backed by over 28 years of communication experience.NOTE: SGC, Inc. retains the right to change, modify, delete andadd to the QMS series at any time without notice.Unpacking QMSWe recommend unpacking the QMS antenna system and inspecting the contents.This is necessary to ensure that no damage has occurred due to shippingand that all items are accounted for as verified from the packing list as follows:One QMS ManualOne Warranty CardOne QMS Black Anodized Assembly completewith four straps (each two feet long)Note: If the QMS is purchased in a package configuration, please refer to thecoupler and antenna manuals for their packing lists of the items supplied.QMS Installation InstructionsThe QMS (Quick Mount System) antenna and coupler system can be mounted invirtually any location convenient to the user. Some consideration may begiven, however, to the items listed below:Installation Considerations1. Locate the QMS system as far from the engine as possible. This shouldreduce interference generated by the engine, spark plug noise, etc. from gettinginto the antenna system.2. If possible, mounting your QMS in an area clear of objects will reducethe danger of damaging the QMS. For instance, if driving in rough terrain, theQMS is likely to be hit by trees, stumps, or rocks. If the unit were mounted onthe back of the vehicle, damage would be less likely to occur than if a sidemount was used.SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.comA-1© 1998 SGC Inc

Appendix - QMS System3. If you will be traveling in an area where overhead restrictions mayprevent use of your SG-303 antenna, the antenna should be folded down andsecured to prevent damage from brush, trees, or low structures.SGC SG-303 antennaAntennaSee InsetQMS Antenna TunerMounting Systemfor Your SSBStraps andTensionBuckleDetailQMSUniversalMountSystemSuctioncups (4)Coupler SG-235 installed Couplerinside installed QMSinsideenclosure QMS TMenclosureFigure A-1ÑQMS installation on the rear deck of a sedanA-2© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

Appendix - QMS System4. When connecting the coupler to the radio/transceiver, a passagewayfor the control cable (consisting of an RG-58 coax cable, control wire,power, and ground, plus the optional tuned indicator wire) will need to beprovided.Note: By removing the four screws for the ratchet mount base of the SG-303antenna, the mount can be installed or reinstalled to provide the user withthe set-up most suitable for the application. Insure the screws are tightlysecured after reinstallation.5. Once a location for the QMS has been selected, mounting becomes asimple task. The QMS enclosure mounts in virtually any attitude and thestraps can be moved to either side of the enclosure to accommodate the vehicle(see Figures A-1, A-2, and A-3 for typical installations).SGC SG-303Antenna ANTENNASTRAP ANDTENSIONBUCKLESSIDEDETAILMOUNTEDWITH FOURLARGESUCTIONCUPSCOUPLER INSTALLEDINSIDE THE QMSENCLOSUREQMS ANTENNASYSTEM MOUNTINGFigure A-2ÑSide view of QMS installation on the side of a small vanSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.comA-3© 1998 SGC Inc

Appendix - QMS SystemSHEETS OF PAPER WILL PREVENTSUCTION CUPS FROM BECOMINGRE-ATTACHED DURINGPLACEMENT OR REMOVALCUPCUPBOTTOMQMSCUPCUP8 FT. WHIP ANTENNASG-303 SGC Antenna ANTENNA SystemSYSTEMPAPERPAPER24" MAX18" LONG12" WIDERUBBERENCAPSULATEDRING10"24" MAX4"5" MAXQMSSTRAP &TENSIONBUCKLESDETAILSUCTIONCUPCONTROL CABLE9 FEET SUPPLIEDGROUND BRAID8 FEET SUPPLIEDSUCTION RELEASETAB4 BELTS MUST BE TIGHTENED UNTIL FULL COMPRESSIONOF THE SUCTION CUPS IS ACHIEVEDFigure A-3ÑMounting atop large truck cabInstallation PrecautionsTo ensure safe operation of your QMS system, the following installation,mechanical, and electrical precautions should always be taken:1. Insure that all four straps are pulled down tightly and the suction cupfeet have been securely compressed.A-4© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

Appendix - QMS System2. Insure that the high voltage wire protruding from your antenna systemis not routed near any metallic objects such as your vehicleÕs frame or metalposts. This wire is part of the flexible insulator of your QMS system.3. Insure that the ground braid is attached to a good vehicle ground system.Do not run ground currents through any hinges. Be sure to make theground braid as short as possible. Remove all paint and rust from your groundingarea. Remember, your ground system is one half of your antenna system.4. Locate the control wire to the QMS, from the transceiver/radio, awayfrom any other wiring inside your vehicle. This control wire contains a highpower RF coax cable which can radiate into other wires (such as your head-totransceivercontrol cables) causing feedback in your transceiver.5. The webbing, buckles, and hooks of your QMS have a rating of 1,000pounds. Ensure that the hooks are attached to a suitable structure, such as atrunk lid, or something that will not cave in when the straps are pulled tightlyto secure the unit.In no case should the operator use fewer than the fourstraps provided to secure the unit. The suction cupsalone will not provide sufficient mounting for the QMS.6. When locating the gutter clip (which secures your SG-303 antennawhen not in use), mount the unit in a location where the tip of the SG-303antenna is easily accessible for threading through the ÒOÓ ring. Failure tothread the SG-303 antenna could result in damage both to the antenna and toyour vehicle.7. When the QMS system is securely fastened to your vehicle, route thecontrol cable to your transceiver. Any 150 watt PEP, 50 ½ transceiver may beused. The control cable consists of four wires: one RG-58 coax cable and threesmall wires (for connections, refer to the SGC coupler manual).8. Refer to QMS system illustration for dimensions and mounting details.When you are confident that items 1 through 8 have been thoroughlychecked, you are ready to install the tip of the SG-303 antenna. Be sure tosecure all items with the appropriate tool and to read all product manuals priorto installation or operation.SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.comA-5© 1998 SGC Inc

Appendix - QMS SystemWARNING: If you do not properly and securely attach this unit tothe vehicle and it comes loose, the speed of the vehicle maycause the unit to injure others.General Installation InformationThe mobile communication tips found below apply to any mobile installation,not merely to the QMS or other SGC product.¥ For the best performance and radiation, always mount yourantenna system on the highest part of the vehicle. Approximately 3 to15 dB in radiation performance may be gained in simply re-positioningyour antenna system from a low to a high point.¥ Never use your antenna system while the antenna is recliningagainst the body or the roof of the vehicle. In this situation, you mayfind your antenna system performance varies from 6 to 15dB making itdifficult or impossible for your coupler to find a proper tuning position.¥ The noise generated in your vehicle can, in some cases, totallyobliterate your receiving signal. A noise blanker cannot eliminate thenoise; it can only help reduce the consequences associated with thenoise generated. It may in some cases give you a clearer signal.¥ The most efficient way to approach a vehicular noise problem isto eliminate the noise at its source. Upon finding the source, use theappropriate technique to eliminate the noise, replacing the defectiveitem if need be. Use only the appropriate filter component to filter outany noise (before it radiates to your antenna).¥ For the connection to the battery system of your radio, use aheavy gauge wire (not less than six gauge). Never use your chassisground return for your negative line connection.Doing so will cause you to lose too much in line voltage andpick up un necessary electrical vehicle noise. Always make adirect connection from the radio to the battery. Rememberyou need as much input power as possible to generate themost output power possible.¥ If you use your radio system often, you may consider the use of asmall sealed 40 AH gel cell battery, which requires no service, mounteddirectly next to your radio. It will provide you the best overallperformance and will eliminate a great deal of electrical noise youmight find in your line.A-6© 1998 SGC IncSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

Appendix - QMS SystemU s e o f t h e g e l c e l l b a t t e r y m a y r e q u i r e a l e s s e r g a u g e w i r et o r e c h a r g e , i n c o m p a r i s o n t o t h e l a r g e w i r e r e q u i r e d t oconnect the radio directly to the main battery.¥ In the charging line of this auxiliary battery, you may want adiode of 100 Amp. capacity to allow the battery to be charged, so as notto discharge with the rest of the electrical system. (You could use thisauxiliary battery, in an emergency situation, to jump the mainbattery. To do this, however, you must provide a local or remote switchto allow the battery to operate the electrical system of the vehicle(temporarily) to start the engine.)Additional Installation SuggestionsSuction CupsProtecting Painted Surfaces When applying the high suction devicesincorporated into the QMS, it is important to observe two importantrules:¥ Surfaces must be cleaned prior to installation to prevent scratching.¥ Surfaces must be protected during removal to prevent marring.Eliminating Damage to Painted Surfaces. The suction cups onyour QMS are of extremely high quality. They will provide excellentservice for many years provided you follow certain basic cautionswhen using them:¥ When you are applying the suction cups, prepare the surface bycleaning with mild detergent and rinsing thoroughly. The cleansurface, free of scratches, will provide superior holding power.¥ If the QMS being applied has been used previously, the suction cupsshould be cleaned with mild detergent and water, then rinsedthoroughly.¥ Spread a thin layer of silicon grease, or pharmaceutical gradelubricant such as ÒVaseline,Ó around the edge of the suction cupwhere it comes in contact with the surface of the vehicle.Refer to Figure A-4 on the following page:SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.comA-7© 1998 SGC Inc

Appendix - QMS SystemFigure A-4ÑSuction Cup (underside view)Apply silicon greaseto shaded areaThis will prevent slow leakage of air, which will reduce the holdingpower of the suction cups over time. It will also protect the paintedsurface.If the surface of the vehicle is very rough, the installation procedureremains the same. The suction cup will have to be pressed against thevehicle surface in the same way, but more lubricant may be necessary.Tightening the QMS Straps. The QMS enclosure must be tightlystrapped to the vehicle. To ensure it is properly strapped, grab the baseof the antenna mounted on the QMS and push firmly up and down. Thevehicle should move up and down, but the QMS should not. If the QMSmoves and the vehicle does not, increase the tension on the QMS straps.Removing the QMS. Wash the vehicle in the area around the suctioncups before removing. This will reduce any chance of surface marring.¥ Release suction by applying a rolling sideways motion to the tabson the suction cups as shown in the following drawing:QMS QMS HousingA-8© 1998 SGC IncSuction Cup Suction Release Cup TabsRelease TabsSGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

Appendix - QMS System¥ To make removal of the unit easier, you may slide a piece of paperbetween the suction cup and the vehicle surface (see Figure A-3). Inthis way, each of the suction cup tabs may be loosened sequentially asshown:Storing Your QMS. To store your QMS unit for long periods of time,apply a thin coating of talcum powder to the suction cups. Thistreatment increases the life span of rubber products.SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.comA-9© 1998 SGC Inc

QMS AntennaCoupler SystemThe Quick Mount Systemfor any mobile HF rigNo CompromiseCommunications• QMS offers unsurpassedfrequencyagility needing nouser intervention• QMS includes SGCSmartuner automaticantenna coupler,extended full-rangeantenna, and weatherresistant QMSpackageQMS Descriptions:QMS-b2 cat. #55-47includes the SG-230(200W)1.8 to 30 MHzSG-303 9 ft. antennaQMS-b3 cat. #55-48includes the SG-235(500W)3.0 to 30 MHzSG-303 9 ft. antennaQMS-a7 cat. #55-49includes the SG-231(100W)1.0 to 60 MHzIncludes VHF bandsSG-307 7 ft. antenna(QMS-7 not shown)No Compromise Communications® 1-800-259-7331The SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th Street, P.O. Box 3526, Bellevue, WA 98009 USAPhone: 425-746-6310 FAX: 425-746-6384E-mail: SGCMKTG@aol.com Website: http://www.sgcworld.com© August, 1997 SGC, Inc.

© August, 1997 SGC, Inc.The QMS Antenna SystemStrap the QMS on your favorite family or business vehicle. You’llfind it gives any HF-SSB superior frequency agility andexceptional performance.The SGC Smartuner automatic antenna coupler, the SG-303extended full-range antenna, and the special exterior QMS mountingpackage comprise the QMS. Mounting coupler and antenna outsidethe vehicle reduces engine noise and interference.It can be quickly installed and easily moved from vehicle tovehicle). No drilling or vehicle modifications are required. Industrialsuction cups secure the QMS to the vehicle, without damaging thefinish, and high strength straps and buckles complete the job and givestructural integrity.The SG-303 is a durable and lightweight antenna designed formobile applications. It’s a high efficiency radiator, by virtue of itsdual element design. In construction, a single fiberglass whip, helicallywound, has a primary resonance at 10 MHz and a secondary resonanceat 22 MHz. So at lower frequencies—those under approximately 20MHz—the SG-303 will vastly outperform a conventional 9-foot whipantenna. The QMS puts the entire antenna system outside the vehiclefor high efficiency and low noise.The Smartuner HF antenna coupler is the working brain inside theQMS system. It automatically evaluates and switches 64 input and 32output capacitance combinations, plus 256 inductance combinations ina π network. The result is over a halfmilliondifferent ways to ensure a perfectmatch between the transceiver and theantenna. Smartuner remembers the chosenfrequency and tuning values and willautomatically reselect these values—inless than 10 ms—each time you transmiton that frequency. It operates with anyHF transceiver.(See QMS-7 brochure for more options.)No CompromiseCommunications• microprocessorcontrolled• non-volatilememory• 16” D x 12” W x 3” H• 1.8 to 30MHz range• water resistant®The SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th Street, P.O. Box 3526,Bellevue, WA 98009 USAPhone: 425-746-6310 800-259-7331 FAX: 425-746-6384 425-746-7173E-mail: SGCMKTG@aol.com Website: http://www.sgcworld.comSpecifications:(QMS-7 specifications included on separate brochure.)QMS (Quick Mount System)QMS-b2 cat.# 55-47QMS-b3 cat.# 55-48Total QMS system weight:21 lb.Overall QMS case dimensions18 x 12 x 5 in.Housing finish:Black hard anodizedMaximum strap length: 5.5 ft.Maximum strap tension:2000 lb.Strap width:1 in.Maximum allowable vehiclespeed: 75 miles per hourSG-230 cat. # 54-12SG-235 cat. # 54-15SG-230PRO cat. # 54-16SG-231* cat. # 54-17HF Frequency range:SG-230 1.8 to 30 MHzSG-235 1.6 to 30 MHzSG-230PRO 1.6 to 30 MHzSG-231* 1.0 to 60 MHzInput Impedance range:25 to 100 ΩVSWR: Typical—less than 2:1DC input Voltage: 13.8 VDC(SG-230 and SG-230PRO onlyoption: 24 VDC)Input current: Average .9 ampsSG-235: 1.4 ampsRandom set time: Typical—less than 2 secondsRecurrent set time: Typical—less than 10 millisecondsNon-volatile memoryaddresses: SG-230 = 500SG-230PRO, SG-235 & SG-231 = 170SG-303 antenna cat. # 55-27Frequency range:1.8 to 30 MHzMaximum Power:500 watts PEP voice or CWLength: 9 ft., includingadjustable ratchet mountEquivalent:Design:SMARTUNERS23-foot antennahelically wound* use with QMS-7

SG-500TMSMARTPOWERCUBEDramatically boost yourpower, at low cost.When evaluating the 12 volt SG-500SmartPowerCube TM , the key word is “smart.”because the SG-500 is not just another mindlessmass of wire and diodes simply pumping powerdown the line. It’s an intelligent –microprocessorcontrolled– high powered linear amplifier. It constantlymonitors your HF-SSB’s activities, power needs andantenna condition, and automatically–in less than 15milliseconds–selects the right broadband filter.A bank of status LED’s on the front panel of theSmartPowerCube TMfunctions as built-in test equipment(BITE) and allows the operator to quickly determine any“No Compromise communications”®fault which has occurred. Backing up this userfriendlyvisual system, the SG-500’s microprocessorprotects the SmartPowerCube TM from faults withpreprogrammed shutdown procedures; in the eventof a microprocessor fault, the unit shuts downautomatically.The SG-500 is designed to do exceptionalservice in fixed, mobile, and marine applications.It’s an exceptionally rugged power source with acast aluminum enclosure and extra heavy dutyheat sinks, powder coat finish, and only themost durable electronic components andassembly techniques. In real worldapplications, it’s nearly indestructible.It’s also very compact, taking up less than 1cubic foot of space. Considering how muchpower it produces, the SmartPowerCube TMisremarkably light, around 21lb. (9.5kg.). So, itmay be heavyweight in performance, but it’sslim and trim for installation.Most significantly, the SG-500 is specificallydesigned to operate in an unattended manner.In other words, it’s ideal for installationswhere access to the amplifier is limited.The SG-500SmartPowerCube TM .It’s high power,that’s intelligent,at low cost.The SmartPowerCube TM producestremendous power– nearly asmuch as a 1 kW amplifier.Ample heat sinks help itreliably do the job.MicroprocessorControlled LinearAmplifier(cat. #52-96)SGC, Inc., P.O. Box 3526 , Bellevue, WA 98009 USATel: 425-746-6310 or 1-800-259-7331 Fax: 425-746-6384E-mail: SGCMKTG@aol.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.comSGC reserves the right to modify specifications without notice.© Copyright October, 1997 SGC, Inc.

© Copyright October, 1997 SGC, Inc.SG-500 SmartPowerCubeTMHeavy duty cooling fan option forcontinuous CW use. (cat. #51-82)SG-500 features microprocessorcontrolled LED bank faultindicators and extra heavy-dutyinput/output connections.Only premium components andassembly techniques are utilized.The SG-500 is engineered andbuilt to reliably function,essentially unattended, in themost demanding conditions.“No Compromise Communications”Full 500 watt output.• The SG-500 produces enoughpower to be within 1 “S” unit(3dB) of a 1 kW amplifier.Microprocessor Controlled:• Automatically adjusts amplifierinput sensitivity.• Monitors all parameters forfaults (Heat, high VSWR, undervoltage, etc.).• Automatically selects thecorrect filter band.• Export versions controltransmit/receive switching.Fully compatible with most HFequipment produced by SGC orother HF manufacturers.Important Installation Tips:• The SmartPowerCube TM shouldbe located as close as possible tothe antenna or coupler.• When installing theSmartPowerCube TM , beabsolutely certain that yourantenna will handle the poweroutput.• Since some antennas areoverrated, plan on using anantenna system which isdesigned for at least 1 kW ofpower. Antennas rated at 500watts or less are likely to fail.• Avoid corona discharge byusing “corona dope” to coatpointed metal parts on yourantenna.• Antenna wire should be at leastAWG #8.• Feedline should be at leastRG-8, with larger cable for runsover 25 feet.®1-800-259-7331SGC, Inc., P.O. Box 3526, Bellevue, WA98009 USA Tel: 425-746-6310Fax: 425-746-6384E-mail: SGCMKTG@aol.comWeb site: http://www.sgcworld.comPower Output:SSB:CW:AM:Specifications:FrequencyRange:Power Input:500 watts PEP500 watts 10 Min.(no fan) 500 wattsUnlimited with fan250 watts Carriermax.1.6-24 MHz (U.S.) (Formarine and ham usepending FCC approval)1.6-30 MHz (Export)50-90 watts(Automatic or preset) 90-150 wattsBand Switching: Fully AutomaticInput Voltage: 14.0 VDCInput Range: 10.0-18.0 VDCInput Current: 40 amps average (SSB)90 amps peak, or for CWCooling: Convection standardOptionalCooling: Cooling fansT/R SwitchingTime: 10 mS nominalBand SwitchTime: 15 mS nominalKeying: Via PTT line (U.S.version) PTT or RFSense (Export)Protection:Input overdrive Undervoltage (adjustable):Factory default 10.0VDC Amplifier modulecurrent imbalance VSWRfaultsFrequency out of specified range Over currentOver temperatureBuilt-In TestEquipment:fault indicatorModesSupported:Dimentions:Microprocessorcontrolled LED bandSSB, CW, RRTY,SITOR, ALE, SSTV,AM at 250 watts6Hx12.25Dx11.4WinchesWith OptionalCooling Fans: Changes H to 9.75inchesColor: Matte blackCase: Special aluminumcastingWeight: 21 lb. (9.5Kg)SG-500:Fan Option:catalog #52-96catalog #51-82SGC reserves the right to modifyspecifications without notice.

SG-235SpecificationsHF FrequencyRanges1.8 to 30MHzPowerInput Range:5 to 500 watts (PEP)Input ImpedanceRange:45 to 55 ohmsVSWR:Typical—less than2:1DC InputRequirement:+13.6VDCDC OperatingRange:+10.5 to 15 VDCInput Current: Average—.9 ampsRandom SetTimes:Typical—less than2 secondsRecurrent SetTimes:Typical— less than10 millisecondsNon-volatileMemoryAddresses: 170AntennaLength:Min. length 50 ft.,3.0 MHzMin. length 300 ft.,1.8 MHzInstallation:Any positionOperatingTemperature:-35° to +70°CEnvironmental: Waterproof atimmersion of halfmeter, half hourSize Overall:16 D x 12 W x 3H inches40.6DS x 30.5W x 7.6HcentimetersWeight:8 pounds (3.5 kilos)CaseConstruction:Plastic ABSweatherproof caseCable:SGC special cable,25 feet coaxial andtwo power wireinput wires, RMTtune and smartlockcouplerantennaTypical SG-303 Mobile Antenna InstallationsIntelligent TuningThe SG-235 isdesigned for maximumflexibility. RF“pi” network hasover a half millionmicroprocessorcombinationsIntelligent Installation EnhancementsSmartLock Option.Provides two external controls for the SG-235:Locking function prevents re-tuningdespite changing antenna loads (e.g.,from passing trucks or from drivingbeneath an overpass); Reset functionforces the SG-235 into the retune cycleuntil the signal is transmitted again orallows receiver/scan operation in abroadband antenna mode. (Catalog No. 54-63)QMS Automatic AntennaCoupler System.Special external mounting system for SG-235. Gives anincredible boost in receiving and transmitting range—between 3 and 20 dB gain! (Cat. No. 55-47)Correct Top MountAntenna LocationCorrect Side MountAntenna LocationCorrect “Jeep” MountAntenna LocationCorrect Workboat(Metal Bridge) LocationCorrect Powerboat(Flybridge Cruiser) LocationCorrect Sailboat(Sloop Rig) LocationNo CompromiseCommunicationsThe SGC Building 13737 S.E. 26th Street, Bellevue, WA 98005 USABox 3526, Bellevue, WA 98009 USA 425-746-6310 or 1-800-259-7331FAX: 425-746-6384 E-mail: sgc@sgcworld.com Website: www.sgcworld.com1-800-259-7331@? @?hf?@@)X?f/T5??@f@? @?hf?@@@)?fV+Y??@f@? @?hf?@hf?@f@? @?hf?@@@@?h?@fhfO2@? @? @?hf?@@V@?h?@fhe?@@@@? @? @Lhf?@@?he?@fhe?@@@@? @? @@hf?@5?heJ@fhf?@@? @? @Hhf?@H?he@@fhe?@@@@? @? @?hf?@hfN@fhf@@@? @? @?hf?@hf?@fhe?@@@@? @? @?hf?@hf?@fg?O@? @? @?hf?@hf?@ff?@@@@??@@@@? @? @?hf?@hf?@ff?@XI@?e@@@??@6X @? @?hf?@hf?@ff?@)Ke?7@@@??@@)X? @? @?hf?@hf?@ff?@@@@??@@@@??@@@)X @? @?hf?@hf?@ff?@@@@??@@@@??@e@)K? @? @?hf?@hf?@ff?@@Xe?@@@@??@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@? @? @?hf?@hf?@ef?@@1e?@@@@??@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@L @? @?hf?@hf?@?f?@@@L??@@?@?J@?@@(M?hf@1 @? @?hf?@hf?@?f?@@@@??@@@@?@@@@(Y @5 @? @?hf?@hf?@ef?@?@e?@@V@?N@@(Y? @? @? @?hf?@hf?@ef?@@@@??@@?e?@0Y @@ @? @?hf?@hf?@ef?@@@e?@@@@? @H @? @?hf?@hf?@ef?@@@@??@@@@? @L @? @?hf?@hf?@fhe?@@@@? ?J@1 @? @?hf?@hf?@fhf?@@? ?7@@?O26?@?2@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@6X @? @?hf?@hf?@fhe?@@@@? ?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@1 @? @?hf?@hf?@fhe?@@@@? ?3@(M? @@ @? @?hf?@hf?@ehf?I@? ?N@H @@ @? @?hf?@hf?@W@? @@ @? ?@hf?@@@? @@ @? @?hf?@hf?@V@? @@ @? @?hf?@hf?@e@? @@ @? @?hf?@hf?@f@? @@ @? @?hf?@hf?@f?J@? @@hW2@@@@@@@@@@@@6X @? @?h@?e?@hf?@fW&@? @@h7@@@@@@@@@@@@@@1 @? @?h@?e?@hf?@f?W&@@?hf?@@@@?h@@h@(M?he@@ @? @?h@?e?@hf?@f?7@? ?@@@5?h@@h@Hhf@@ @? @?hf?@hf?@f?3@L I(Y?h@@g?J@?hf@@ @? @Lh@@e?@hf?@f?N@)X?f?@@?h?O2@@6K?e@@@@@@@6?&@@@@@@h@@ @? @@h3@e?@hf?@f?J@@,?fJ@@?g?O2@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@h@@ @? @HhV'e?@hf?@f?W2@@??7@(Y?f7@@?f?@@@@@f@@@@@@eW@@@@@(Me?@h@@ @?he?W&?hf@?hf?@hf?@f?7@@@??@@?g@@@?f?@e@@f@@@@@5e7@@?@@H?e?@h@@ @?he?75?@?he@?hf?@hf?@f?@0?@??3@)X?f@@@?f?@e@@e?J@@@@(Ye3@@@@@fJ@h@@ @?he?(Y?@?he@Lg?@f?@hf?@f?N@@1?hf?@@@@@e?@@?I(Y?eN@@@@@f@@h@@ @? @1hf?@hf?@f?W2@@??J@@@?g@?f?@@@@@f@?gJ@@?@5fN@h@@ @?hf?W&?he3@h@6X??@hf?@f?&@@@??7@?h@?f?@MI'@e?7@Lg7@@?@Yf?@h@@ @?he?/T&@?heN@h@@1??@hf?@f?@@L N@L?J@@)K?f@@@@@@6Ke?@h@@ @?he?N@@@?he?@h@@@??@hf?@fO2@??3@)X?f@@@?h?@)?&@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@h@@ @?hf3X@?he?@hf?@hf?@f?@@@@??N@@,?f3@@?h?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@h@@ @?hfS@@??@@(g?@h@@e?@hf?@e?@@@@??J@(Y?fV4@?hf?@@?hf@?hf@@ @?hf&@@??@0Y ?@hf?@e?7@H ?@@?hf@?hf@@ @? @?he?@h/Xe?@hf?@??3@? ?@@?hf@?hf@@ @?hf)T5??W26X?f?@hS1e?@hf?@e?V'@@? ?@@?hf@@@@@@@@@@@?e@@ @?hf@@U??*US,?f?@h75e?@hf?@eN@@? ?@@?hf@@@@@@@@@@@?e@@ @?hf@@)??V40Y?f?@h(Ye?@hf?@e?@@? ?@@? ?@@?e@@ @? ?@hf?@hf?@e?@@? ?@@? ?@@?e@@ @?hf@?@??W26X?f?@g?@f?@hf?@e?@@? ?@@? ?@@?e@@ @?hf@@@??*US,?f?@g?3=O.??@hf?@e?@@? ?@@? ?@@?e@@ @?hf@?@??V40Y?f?@g?V40Y??@hf?@e?@@? ?@@? ?@@?e@@ @? ?@hf?@hf?@e?@@? ?@@? ?@@?e@@ @?hf@@@??@@6X?f?@hf?@h@?@??@f?@@L ?@@L ?@@?e@@ @?hf@@@??@@@)?f?@hf?@h@@@??@e?@@)K? ?@@)?2@@ ?@@?e@@ @? ?@hf?@hf?@e?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ ?@@?e@@ @? ?W2@g?@hf?@h@6X??@??@@(M? 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SG-235500 watt Smartuner Automatic Antenna Coupler forall HF-SSB Bandsand Modes• Microprocessor Controlled, Precision,Automatic Antenna Tuning• Non-Volatile Memory• Waterproof for All Weather Conditions• B.I.T.E. (Built-in Test Equipment)indicator• 1.8 to 30 MHz Range• 3 to 500 watts Input Power• 10- ms Retuning Time• Tunes from 23 ft. Antennas at Full Power• For Marine, Aviation, Ham, and Para-Military ApplicationsSmart Tuning—Now at 500 watts.Now you can achieve perfect coupling of your500-watt HF-SSB to your antenna.Now you can go mobile at 500 watts.The SG-235 Smartuner forms the perfect linkwith any 500-watt amplifier for high powerperformance.The SG-235 Smartuner “intelligently” tunesany length antenna from 23 feet! No preliminarytuning or adjustment is required, and the SG-235®will operate with any HFtransceiver in the 1.8 to 30 MHzrange and with output power from3 to 500 watts.SG-235 Smartuner automatically evaluatesand switches 64 input and 32 output capacitancecombinations, plus 256 inductance combinationsin a “pi” network—over a half-million precisionmatches. SG-235 Smartuner then remembers thechosen frequency and tuning values and automaticallyreselects those values—in less than 10 ms,each time you select that frequency.Flexibility is a key feature. It is available with anumber of attractive options, including a shockmount for military and extreme applications, plusa 24 VDC option.For maximum range, clarity, and flexibility,with just about any HF-SSB, the SG-235Smartuner is your smartest choice.Cat. No. 54-15The SGC Building 13737 S.E. 26th Street, Bellevue, WA 98005 USABox 3526, Bellevue, WA 98009 USA 425-746-6310 or 1-800-259-7331FAX: 425-746-6384 E-mail: SGCMKTG@aol.com Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com© August 1997 SGC, Inc.