Meghalaya - Ministry of Environment and Forests

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• Turbidity level of open water: A layer pertaining to a qualitative turbidity rating is generated. Threequalitative turbidity ratings ( low, medium and high) is followed for pre and post-monsoon turbidity oflakes, reservoirs, barrages and other large wetlands.• Small wetlands (smaller than minimum mappable unit) are mapped as point features.• Base layers like major road network, railway, settlements, and surface drainage are created (eitherfrom the current image or taken from other project data base).In the case of coastal wetlands only wetland extent is given.Table 1: Wetland Classification System and coding (Annexure I for more details)Wettcode* Level I Level II Level III1000 Inland Wetlands1100 Natural1101 Lakes1102 Ox-Bow Lakes/ Cut-Off Meanders1103 High altitude Wetlands1104 Riverine Wetlands1105 Waterlogged1106 River/stream1200 Man-made1201 Reservoirs/ Barrages1202 Tanks/Ponds1203 Waterlogged1204 Salt pans2000 CoastalWetlands2100 Natural2101 Lagoons2102 Creeks2103 Sand/Beach2104 Intertidal mud flats2105 Salt Marsh2106 Mangroves2107 Coral Reefs2200 Man-made2201 Salt pans2202 Aquaculture ponds* Wetland type code6
3.0 STUDY AREAMeghalaya occupies the western position of the North eastern region. The North Eastern state of Meghalayatheabode of clouds is predominantly a land of hills and valley. Owing to its natural beauty and grace it hasbeen also named as ‘Scotland of the East’. Geographical location of the state is between 89 o 45’ to 92 o 48’and 25 o 02’ to 26 o 05’. The total geographical area of the state is 22, 429 Sq Km, extending 300 km west toeast and 100 km from north to south.It is bounded on the north by Goalpara and Kamrup district of Assam, on the east by North Cachar and KarbiAnglong, the Western and Southern boundary is the International border between India and Bangladesh. Theprevailing climate in the state is characterized by heavy rainfall, which favors the action of streams to aconsiderable extent.The geological formations, its resultant topography and tendency of headword erosion by rain water havelead to the creation of drainage network in Meghalaya. The state is blessed with number of perennial rivers.The principal rivers of the state run either a Northerly or Southerly direction. Satellite imagery identifies theadaptation of streams along major and minor lineaments. The rivers flowing towards the north to meet mightyBrahmaputra river of Assam plain have gentle gradient of longitudinal profiles and thereby do not form anymajor waterfalls and deep gorges. The rivers flowing towards the south are characterized by steepestgradient and abruptly falls to the Bangladesh plain.The capital of Meghalaya state is in Shillong. There are total seven districts of Meghalaya state. The districtsderive their names from that of the tribes inhabiting the region. The seven districts are: East Khasi hills, Eastgaro hills, Jaintia hills, Ri Bhoi, South Garo hills,West Garo hills and West Khasi hills (Statistical hand book ofMeghalaya, 2007) . There are about 5,782 villages in the state. The total population of the state is 2,318, 822(Manorama year book 2009).The major rivers of the state are Ganol, Ringgi, Krishnai, Manda, Darong, Bhogai, simsang, Dareng, Umkhri,Umtrew, Umiam, Kopili, Kynshiang,Shella, Umngot, Myntdu, Lubha, etc. One of the marked features of RiverKynshi in West Khasi Hills is the formation of River Island called Nongkhnum. Nongkhnum is not only India’sbut Asia’s second largest river island. Ranikor situated in the West Khasi Hills district in the confluence ofKynshi and Rilang rivers is one of the best fishing spots. Meghalaya has the highest hydro – electric potentialin the north-eastern region second only to Auranachal Pradesh. Hydel projects such as Umiam and Umtrewhave caused construction of artificial lakes for the generation of electricity. Umiam Lake commonly calledBarapani is formed by the damming of the Umiam river under the Umiam Hydro-Electric Project is a place ofmajor tourist attraction and has great potentialities of recreation, aquatic sports, fishing etc. Meghalaya is alsonoted for a number of river cataracts and waterfall of great beauty located at different heights and scenicsetting.The state is covered by 54 Survey of India topographical maps on 1:50,000 scale that spatial framework formapping (Figure 4). The spatial framework was prepared using 15’x15’ grid.7
Page 1 and 2: NATIONAL WETLAND ATLAS:MEGHALAYASpo
Page 3 and 4: AtlasSAC/RESA/AFEG/NWIA/ATLAS/02/20
Page 5: MESSAGEIt gives me great pleasure t
Page 9: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe project “Nati
Page 13 and 14: CONTENTS1.0 INTRODUCTION1.1 Wetland
Page 15 and 16: 1.0 INTRODUCTIONIt is increasingly
Page 17 and 18: REDGREENNIR RED GREENNIRIRS LISS II
Page 19: 2.0 NATIONAL WETLAND INVENTORY AND
Page 23 and 24: 4.0 DATA USEDRemote sensing dataIRS
Page 25 and 26: 25 March 200725 November 2007Figure
Page 27 and 28: Figure 8: Steps in the extraction o
Page 29: Open waterMNDWI NDPI NDVIUseful for
Page 33 and 34: 7.0 WETLANDS OF MEGHALAYA: MAPS AND
Page 38: 7.1.1 Wetland Distribution in West
Page 46: 7.1.3 Wetland Distribution in South
Page 54: 7.1.5 Wetland Distribution in Ri Bh
Page 62: 7.1.7 Wetland Distribution in Jaint
Page 69 and 70: 8.0 MAJOR WETLAND TYPES OF MEGHALAY
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Sr. No.5.Wetland Type : LakesName:
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9.0 IMPORTANT WETLANDS OF MEGHALAYA
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Plate 4: Wetland map - 5 km buffer
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REFERENCES1. Anon. 2005, NNRMS Stan
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1202 Tanks/Ponds: A term used in Ce
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Space Applications Centre (SAC) is
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Meghalaya - Ministry of Environment and Forests

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