Zephyr: A High Altitude Long Endurance Unmanned Air Vehicle ...

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The NIOSH have devised an equation that estimates the maximum load that the top90% of men (and the top 75% of women) can lift in accordance to long-term safety.The NIOSH lifting equation takes into account the horizontal distance between theuser and the object being carried, the height above ground from which the lift starts,the height moved during the lift, the twisting required by the user, the frequency ofthe action and the quality of the grip.Each variable has its own ‘multiplier’ which is dependent on the actual value and thenread from the NIOSH lifting tables. The product of all the multipliers together with alifting constant is calculated, producing an estimate for the maximum load the usershould lift.The NIOSH lifting equation is given below, where L is the maximum lifting weight.L = hm1 . vm2 . dm3 . tm4 . fm5 . gm6 . cThe six variables and their meanings are shown in table 1.Variable Description MultiplierH (cm)V (cm)Horizontal distance betweenspine and handsVertical distance fromground to object at start oflifthm1vm232
Variable Description MultiplierD (cm)T (degrees)FDistance the load travelsduring the liftAngle of load relative tousers normal axisFrequency of lifts per minutefor n hoursdm3tm4fm5G Effectiveness of grip gm6C Load Constant (23kg) CTable 1. Table showing the variables, meanings and their corresponding multipliers.By finding the numerical values of the variables I was then able to calculate themaximum mass a human can lift.3.2.1 VariablesH = 35cmFor hand launching <strong>Zephyr</strong>, the horizontal distance from the spine to the hands is thelength of the upper arm as both the shoulder and the elbow will be bent at 90° with thelower arm parallel to the body. On average the length of the upper arm is 1/5 theheight of the user. If the height of the user is an average 175cm (see below) then theupper arm is 35cm.33
Page 1 and 2: Zephyr:A High Altitude Long Enduran
Page 3 and 4: AcknowledgementsI’d like to thank
Page 5 and 6: ContentsChapter 1 - Introduction an
Page 7 and 8: Chapter 1Introduction and Backgroun
Page 9 and 10: 1.1 History of ZephyrZephyr is a li
Page 11 and 12: The Zephyr 5 project continued with
Page 13 and 14: airframe, with the main aim to impr
Page 15 and 16: 1.2 Environmental IssuesDuring the
Page 17 and 18: order to function, they may not thu
Page 19 and 20: 1.2.3 Cosmic RaysCosmic rays are en
Page 21 and 22: wind speeds. This is to ensure that
Page 23 and 24: crystalline silicon cells and can b
Page 25 and 26: which are then insulated. In order
Page 27 and 28: motion of the aircraft including ro
Page 29 and 30: Within the portable cabins the crew
Page 31 and 32: Simple payloads instructions withou
Page 33 and 34: In the event that the wing does not
Page 35 and 36: Graph 4 shows radiosonde density da
Page 37: 3.2 NIOSH Lifting EquationThe hand
Page 41 and 42: Using the given values, the corresp
Page 43 and 44: 3.3 Airspeed SensorThe current airs
Page 45: 12VSensorPCBZenerDiodeFigure 8. Dia
Page 48 and 49: 3.4 PayloadThe payload is the carry
Page 50 and 51: where λ is the wavelength, c is th
Page 52 and 53: 3.5 Angle of Attack SensorThe angle
Page 54 and 55: The magnetic sensor seemed much mor
Page 56 and 57: Chapter 4Angle of Attack Experiment
Page 58 and 59: The sensor was powered using an ext
Page 60 and 61: It has to be noted however, that on
Page 62 and 63: experience the atmospheric conditio
Page 65 and 66: 5.2.1 Aerial PhotographyThe most co
Page 67 and 68: meaning that these cameras can be u
Page 69 and 70: Infoterra have a project called Far
Page 71 and 72: it out for long endurance missions.
Page 73 and 74: Figure 18. QinetiQ’s Zephyr5.4 Co
Page 75 and 76: where it is needed rather than havi
Page 77 and 78: Appendix 3Schematic diagram of the
Page 79 and 80: Appendix 5The results table for the
Page 81 and 82: BibliographyQinetiQ Documents[1] St
Page 83: [19] Encyclopedia Britannica, 2004.

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