Zephyr: A High Altitude Long Endurance Unmanned Air Vehicle ...

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or hurricane for example, to see the damage and find an accessible route to deliverfood and aid. During forest fires UAVs could be used to see how the fires arespreading or if they are dying down.5.2.2 Aerial VideoingAerial videoing is just like aerial imaging but instead of still images it produces eitherlive or recorded videos. The benefit of video compared to images is that you can seeexactly what is happening in real-time. This is especially useful for security, forexample monitoring an event such as the Olympics to ensure there are no terroristattacks. This is a lot like CCTV but as it is from the sky a large area can be monitoredat any given time.Live video can also be used to track an object from the sky. In a police chase forexample, currently helicopters are used to track a vehicle while ground police chasethe car along the road. If a UAV had a camera capable of tracking this could be usedinstead as it is much cheaper, doesn’t need to be refuelled, and doesn’t waste policetime.5.2.3 InfraredAnother type of camera that can be used on a UAV is a forward looking infraredcamera. Unlike normal pictures that are taken using visible light, infrared camerastake images using infrared radiation which has a wavelength between 700nm and100nm [23]. These images show the heat radiating from the object at a given time,60
meaning that these cameras can be used at night (unlike a visible light camera). Notonly can they be used during the night, but they can help with weather forecasting.Using an infrared camera it is possible to look at the temperature of the air and theocean and thus monitor the shape, size, strength and direction of hurricanes. Thisenables forward planning of emergency services and of evacuations which take a longtime to organise.As well as tracking hurricanes, using infrared cameras to look at sea temperatures canhelp monitor and track ocean currents especially El Nino and La Nina. It can also helpto predict long term weather forecasts and even give a 3D map of the climate.5.2.4 RadarRadar imaging has many uses. It can create maps showing the rainfall, monitorvolcanic activity (see figure 14) and it can measure how tall buildings are. Radar canalso be used to find mineral deposits within the ground and to monitor water usageespecially where there are shortages, like in south USA.Figure 14. A radar image of the Miyakejima volcano in Japan [18]61
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Zephyr:A High Altitude Long Enduran
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AcknowledgementsI’d like to thank
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ContentsChapter 1 - Introduction an
Page 7 and 8:
Chapter 1Introduction and Backgroun
Page 9 and 10:
1.1 History of ZephyrZephyr is a li
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The Zephyr 5 project continued with
Page 13 and 14:
airframe, with the main aim to impr
Page 15 and 16: 1.2 Environmental IssuesDuring the
Page 17 and 18: order to function, they may not thu
Page 19 and 20: 1.2.3 Cosmic RaysCosmic rays are en
Page 21 and 22: wind speeds. This is to ensure that
Page 23 and 24: crystalline silicon cells and can b
Page 25 and 26: which are then insulated. In order
Page 27 and 28: motion of the aircraft including ro
Page 29 and 30: Within the portable cabins the crew
Page 31 and 32: Simple payloads instructions withou
Page 33 and 34: In the event that the wing does not
Page 35 and 36: Graph 4 shows radiosonde density da
Page 37 and 38: 3.2 NIOSH Lifting EquationThe hand
Page 39 and 40: Variable Description MultiplierD (c
Page 41 and 42: Using the given values, the corresp
Page 43 and 44: 3.3 Airspeed SensorThe current airs
Page 45: 12VSensorPCBZenerDiodeFigure 8. Dia
Page 48 and 49: 3.4 PayloadThe payload is the carry
Page 50 and 51: where λ is the wavelength, c is th
Page 52 and 53: 3.5 Angle of Attack SensorThe angle
Page 54 and 55: The magnetic sensor seemed much mor
Page 56 and 57: Chapter 4Angle of Attack Experiment
Page 58 and 59: The sensor was powered using an ext
Page 60 and 61: It has to be noted however, that on
Page 62 and 63: experience the atmospheric conditio
Page 65: 5.2.1 Aerial PhotographyThe most co
Page 69 and 70: Infoterra have a project called Far
Page 71 and 72: it out for long endurance missions.
Page 73 and 74: Figure 18. QinetiQ’s Zephyr5.4 Co
Page 75 and 76: where it is needed rather than havi
Page 77 and 78: Appendix 3Schematic diagram of the
Page 79 and 80: Appendix 5The results table for the
Page 81 and 82: BibliographyQinetiQ Documents[1] St
Page 83: [19] Encyclopedia Britannica, 2004.
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