I want to be like the others - Waverley Care

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I want to be like the others3.2.2 FindingsIdentifying the total number of children who are infected with HIV has proved moredifficult than might have been anticipated. Agencies collect slightly different kinds ofdata and hence come up with different numbers of infected children.According to the main government statistical collection agency in Scotland, HealthProtection Scotland (HPS), the total number of infected children and young peopleknown to be living with HIV in Scotland (under age 15) as at 31st March 2009 was35. 8 This includes 17 males and 18 females, who were all infected via perinataltransmission (HPS, March 2009). HPS figures also provide information about theethnic background of these children and young people. Table 3.1 suggests that thatthe vast majority (84 per cent) of children and young people living with HIV inScotland are of black African origin.Table 3.1: Ethnic Origins of HIV Infected Children (under age 15) living in Scotland(as at 31 st March 2009)EthnicityNumber of CasesWhite (Scottish) 3White (Other British) 1White (Other) 1Black-African 24Mixed 4Unknown 1Total 35(Source: HPS data, as at 31 st March 2009.)The Institute of Child Health (ICL) based in London also provides data which throwlight on numbers of children infected by HIV. ICL hosts the National Study of HIV inPregnancy and Childhood (NSHPC) which is a confidential national (UK and Ireland)active reporting scheme for pregnancies in HIV-infected women; babies born to HIVinfectedwomen; and other children with HIV infection and AIDS. 9 Its figures suggest8 HPS defines children as those under 15 years of age because of a view that thoseover 15 may be sexually active, and therefore may become infected with HIV throughsexual intercourse. HPS (2009) notes that the total figure may include cases ofyoung people who have been lost to follow-up (i.e. unreported death, left the country,etc.).9 NSHPC is based in the Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the Instituteof Child Health, London. Since 1989, pregnant women with diagnosed HIV infection have2323
I want to be like the othersthat there were 43 infected children attending paediatric clinics in Scotland in 2008.Table 3.2 demonstrates that over half of those (58%) were born outside the UK.NSHPC further reports that all seven children born in the UK between 2001 and 2008were born to women who were undiagnosed with HIV by the time of delivery. 10Table 3.2: Infected children (born after 1990) attending clinics in ScotlandAge group and place of birthYear of birth Born UK Born abroad Total1991 - 1995 6 9 151996 – 2000 5 9 142001 – 2008 7 7 14Total 18 25 43(Source: NSHPC data, UCL Institute of Child Health, Data to end 2008.)NSHPC also provides information on children born to women who were known to beHIV positive. Table 3.3 demonstrates that although there was an increase in thenumber of children born to diagnosed HIV positive women in Scotland between 1996and 2008, no new infections have been reported in children born since 2001. 11 Whilethe infection status of some children is still to be confirmed, it is suggested that it isunlikely that they will be infected, because the majority of women will have receivedappropriate treatment to reduce the risk of transmission.Table 3.3: Infants born to diagnosed HIV positive women in Scotland, 1996-2008Infection status of infantsNumber ofYear of birthinfantsInfected** Uninfected Not yet reported*1996 17% 58% 25% 121997 25% 63% 13% 81998 25% 63% 13% 81999 0% 100% 0% 102000 13% 81% 6% 16been reported through a quarterly reporting scheme administered under the auspices of theRoyal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Paediatric reporting started in 1986, andis mainly carried out through the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit’s monthly ‘orange card’,which is routinely sent to all consultant paediatricians registered with the Royal College ofPaediatrics and Child Health. Some clinicians looking after large numbers of children reportdirectly to the NSHPC. Laboratory sources also contribute data. See www.nshpc.ucl.ac.uk/10 It should be noted that we have no information about where in the UK these children wereborn, and so this may have no relevance to Scotland.11 Only eight children were reported to be infected in the early years of HIV infection inScotland, that is, between 1996 and 2000 (NSHPC, 2008).2424
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