LOCAL AGENDA 21 – LOCAL PLAN FOR SUSTAINABLE ...

1GIURGIUGIURGIU CITY HALLLOCAL AGENDA 21 –LOCAL PLAN FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTOF GIURGIU MUNICIPALITYGIURGIU2002

2MUNICIPALITYUNDP Project ROM 98/012Copyright © 2002 Giurgiu City HallNo.19 Mircea cel Bătrân Street, 8375 RomaniaTel. 004 / 0246 / 215102; 214204: 215631; 212076; 211627Fax. 004 / 0246 / 215405; International: 004 / 021 3112643E-mail primargr@pcnet.ro© 2002 National Centre for Sustainable DevelopmentNo.15 Alexandru Philippide Street, Bucharest 2,Tel: +4021 201 1410,Fax: +4021 201 1402E-mail sdnp@sdnp.roViews expressed in the document belong to the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the UNDP views.Document issued with the financial support of the United Nations Development Programme, and Capacity 21Programme.Technical expertise provided by the National Centre for Sustainable Development – Romania.Special thanks addressed to the Earth Council Organization – Costa Rica for the technical support provided to theProject “Local Agenda 21”.Printed & Designed by EXCLUS srl.

3GIURGIULocal Steering Committee (LSC)ENG. LUCIAN ILIESCU – GIURGIU CITY HALLENG. CONSTANTIN TOMA – GIURGIU CITY HALLENG. MARIUS IANCU – NATIONAL AGENCY FOR REGIONAL DEVELOPMENTENG. MARIANA MĂNUCU – NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISESPROF. GABRIEL MARCOCI – GIURGIU CITY HALLENG. GABRIELA PETRUŞ – ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYEC. IRINA DESCULŢU – COUNTY BUREAU OF STATISTICSPAUL MARINESCU, PhD – DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION SERVICESENG. VASILINA COJOCARU – DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR AND SOCIAL SECURITYEC. GEORGE DOBREANU – COUNTY AGENCY FOR PROFESSIONAL TRAINING AND EMPLOYMENTENG. MARIAN PUIU – MANAGER ”PROIECT” S.A.PROF. UNIV. LAURENŢIU PANAITOPOL, PhD – BUCHAREST UNIVERSITYPhD. DECEBAL URDEAPhD. DUMITRU MIHU - EMISSION CONTROL LTD, BUCHARESTBIOLOGIST MSc.- GEORGE ROMANCALocal Agenda 21 OfficeENG. STELUŢA EMILIA PURCARU – GIURGIU CITY HALLPROF. CONSTANTIN STOENESCU, PhD – “NEW ALLIANCE” ECOLOGICAL SOCIETYCoordinators from NCSD:Ph D. CĂLIN GEORGESCU – PROJECT MANAGERMSc. GEORGE ROMANCA – LOCAL COORDINATOR FOR GIURGIU, BAIA MARE, TÂRGU MUREŞ, PLOIEŞTI ANDMIERCUREA CIUC PILOT CITIESMSc. RADU VĂDINEANU – LOCAL COORDINATOR FOR IAŞI, ORADEA, RÂMNICU VÂLCEAAND GALAŢI PILOT CITIESLEGAL ADVISOR VALENTIN IONESCU – STRATEGY AND PLANNING OFFICERMSC. TANIA MIHU – PROGRAMME AND PROJECT OFFICERDAN APOSTOL – EDITORIAL, PUBLISHING AND ENCYCLOPAEDIC CONSULTANTMSC. CARMEN NĂSTASE – TREASURER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICERENG. ADRIAN VOINEA – INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGERCoordinator from UNDP- Romania:PETER NEWTON – UNDP DEPUTY RESIDENT REPRESENTATIVEGENEVE MANTRI – UNDP PRESS OFFICER

4MUNICIPALITYWorking Group no. 1 – ECONOMYCoordinator: EC. FLORENTINA CRISTEA - ROMANIAN AUDITING COURTENG. VALENTIN MIHAILĂ – REPRESENTATIVE, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISESENG. ALEXANDRA MIRICĂ – DEPARTMENT OF FINANCING - D.G.F.P.C.F.S.ENG. CAMELIA TOMA - R.A.A. FREE TRADE ZONEENG. SILVIA CRAIŢĂ - S.C. TEXIN S.A .ENG. MARIANA VLADU - S.C. GIURGIU NAV S.A.ENG. DELIA VÎRBAN – GIURGIU CITY HALLENG. MARIUS BONE - AQUA TERM S.A.ENG. VIORICA COPOERU – CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, INDUSTRY AND AGRICULTUREENG. ALEXANDRU PEICEA - GITOUR S.A.EC. VIOREL RĂDULESCU – DANUBIUS TRAVEL AGENCYWorking Group no. 2 – SOCIALCoordinator: SOCIOLOGIST MARIA VÎLCEA – DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR, D.J.M.P.S.JOURNALIST, IONEL MUSCALU – GIURGIU CITY HALLDR. PAUL MARINESCU – PUBLIC HEALTH DIRECTIONPROF. MARIANA GEMESCU – INSPECTORATE FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES I.S.T.P.HPROF. VIOREL VERNESCU - TUDOR VIANU HIGH SCHOOLADRIAN APOSTU – LAWYER, THE BAR ASSOCIATIONVIORICA STĂNCIULESCU – PROTECTION OF MINORSCAPT. IOAN VRÎNCEANU – MUNICIPAL POLICE FORCEPROF. DUNIA PĂLĂNGEANU – ION VINEA CULTURE HOUSEENG. NICOLETA VASILE - AGENCY FOR UNEMPLOYMENT AND PROFESSIONAL TRAININGWorking Group no. 3 – ENVIRONMENTCoordinator: ADAM CLARA, ECOLOGIST – ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYENG. DĂNUT NEGOIŢĂ – ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYENG. RADA NUŢĂ – ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYENG. NICULINA LUNGU – ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYENG. ADRIAN PETCU – GIURGIU CITY HALLENG. DAN DUMITRESCU – ROMSILVAPROF. ANCA CHIŢU – ION MAIORESCU HIGH SCHOOLWorking Group no. 4 – URBANISMCoordinator: ARCHITECT VIOREL MĂRCULESCU – S.C.”PROIECT” S.A.ARCHITECT SOFIAN NICULESCU – S.C. PROIECT S.AARCHITECT GHEORGHE DUMITRU – S.C. PROIECT S.AENG. CRISTACHE TOMA – INSPECTORATE FOR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRYENG. ELENA CIOCÎLTAN – GIURGIU CITY HALLENG. SILVIA CORNOIU – GIURGIU CITY HALLEMIL PĂUNESCU – CURATOR, TEOHARI ANTONESCU COUNTY MUSEUMTEHN. MARIANA GUŢU – GIURGIU CITY HALL

5GIURGIUCONTENTSForeword by UNDP ResidentRepresentative in Romania ..................... 7Foreword by the Mayor of GiurgiuMunicipality.............................................. 9INTRODUCTION ............................................... 10I. ASSESSMENT OF THE SOCIAL ANDECONOMIC SYSTEMS ........................... 11I.1. NATURAL SYSTEM ............................................11I.1.1. LOCATION .......................................................11I.1.2. TOPOGRAPHY.................................................11I.1.3. CLIMATE..........................................................11I.1.4. NATURAL RESOURCES ..................................12I.1.4.1. Water ..............................................................................12I.1.4.2. Land................................................................................12I.1.4.3. Flora and Fauna.............................................................12I.1.4.4. Biological Diversity.........................................................13I.1.4.5. Mineral Resources .........................................................13I.1.5. ENVIRONMENT FACTORS ..............................13I.1.5.1. Air ...................................................................................13I.1.5.2. Water ..............................................................................14I.1.5.3. Land................................................................................14I.1.5.4. Noise Pollution ...............................................................14I.1.5.5. Rainfall............................................................................14I.2. SOCIAL SYSTEM................................................15I.2.1. ECONOMY AND THE BUSINESSENVIRONMENT .............................................15I.2.1.1. Agriculture ......................................................................16I.2.1.2. Industry...........................................................................16I.2.1.3. Construction ...................................................................17I.2.1.4. Transport ........................................................................17I.2.1.5. Tourism ..........................................................................17I.2.1.6. Trade ..............................................................................17I.2.1.7. Evolution of the Private Sector ......................................18I.2.1.8. Dynamics of the SME sector .........................................19I.2.1.9. Services..........................................................................19I.2.2. LAND USE PLANNING .....................................22I.2.2.1. Location..........................................................................22I.2.2.2. Roads and transport ......................................................23I.2.2.3. Land Zoning ...................................................................24I.2.2.4. Housing ..........................................................................27I.2.2.5. Green Areas ...................................................................27I.2.2.6. Utilities ............................................................................27I.2.2.7. Solid Waste Mmanagement ..........................................29I.2.2.8. An area Prone to Natural and Human-InducedHazards .........................................................................29I.2.2.9. Land Use Management in the Built-in Areas ................30I.2.2.10. Town-Planning and Local Cultural Heritage ...............30I.2.3. SOCIAL CAPITAL .............................................30I.2.3.1. Population Structure and Demographic Trends ...........30I.2.3.2. Ethnic Structure .............................................................32I.2.3.3. Human Resource Formation .........................................32I.2.3.4. Social Assistance...........................................................34I.2.3.5. Public Health..................................................................35I.2.3.6. Education .......................................................................38I.2.3.7. Culture and Mass Media................................................40I.2.3.8. Sports and Leisure.........................................................40I.2.3.9. Civil Society....................................................................41I.2.3.10. Public Safety ................................................................41I.2.3.11. Civil Protection .............................................................41II. OBJECTIVES, SCENARIOS ANDPOLICIES ................................................43II.1. CONTEXT...........................................................43II.2. GENERAL OBJECTIVES:...................................44II.3. PRINCIPLES ......................................................44II.4. LEGISLATION....................................................45II.5. PUBLIC HEALTH ...............................................47II.6. Education ..........................................................48II.7. ECONOMICAL GROWTH ...................................48II.8. CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES ANDENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION..................50II.9. SCENARIOS.......................................................53III. LOCAL ACTION PLAN.................................55III.1. INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYSTRENGHTHENING MEASURES...................55III.2 FINANCIAL PROJECTION .................................58III.3 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AND IDENTIFIEDPROJECTS ....................................................67III.4. MONITORING AND EVALUATINGINSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURES.....................75III.5 ANNEXES ..........................................................76

6MUNICIPALITYANNEX A FOREIGN FUNDING PROJECTS INPROGRESS................................................... 76ANNEX B DISTRICT AND REGIONALCOOPERATION ............................................. 78ANNEX C PRIVATE - PUBLIC PARTNERSHIP.......... 78ANNEX D SOME LOCAL COUNCIL DECISIONSREGARDING CERTAIN ACTIVITIESCARRIED OUT AT THE MAYORALTYAND GIURGIU TOWN LEVEL WHICHSTAND AS THE BASIS FOR THEPROGRAMMES, SUB-PROGRAMMESAND PROJECTS............................................ 79ANNEX E BILATERAL AGREEMENTS...................... 81B. ECONOMY ...........................................................85C. URBAN DEVELOPMENT......................................88D. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION........................90E. PRIORITY CROSS BORDER PROJECTSFOR THE RUSE-GIURGIU EURO-REGION .........................................................91F. OPPORTUNITIES..................................................91CLOSURE......................................................... 93IV. PRIORITY PROJECTS.................................83A. SOCIAL AND WELFARE...................................... 83

7GIURGIUForewordby UNDP Resident Representative in RomaniaLocal Agenda 21 (LA21) was developed and adopted at the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, as avehicle for promoting sustainable development. LA 21 promotes and seeks to strike a delicate balance betweeneconomic growth, social equity and environmental protection.The concept of sustainable development calls for a constant re-evaluation of the relationship between man andnature, and solidarity between generations, as the only viable option for long-term development.The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Office in Romania actively promotes sustainable developmentthrough its support of the project “Building Local Capacity to Implement the Local Agenda 21 in Romania”. The projectis currently being implemented in nine pilot cities under the coordination of the National Centre for SustainableDevelopment.This has been a unique participatory process, galvanizing the energy of citizens, businesses, academics, NGOs, andlocal authorities. They all rose to the challenge and their collective efforts have produced this document. This reportgrew from local needs and ideas, and the product is a testament to their efforts, their energy and their enthusiasm.Whether it was by giving information, offering technical assistance or through their participation, the whole communityhas made an enormous contribution to its success.The result has been a coherent strategy with a concrete action and implementation plan. Both offer a practicalguarantee that the project can meet the needs of the community and represents an important contribution tosustainable development in Romania. I congratulate and thank all those who have contributed to its success.Soknan Han JungUNDP Resident RepresentativeUN Resident Coordinator

8MUNICIPALITY

9GIURGIUForewordby the Mayor of Giurgiu MunicipalityThe United Nations Development Programme(UNDP), through its Resident Office in Romania,started financing the Local Agenda 21 Project, Rom.98/012 in March 2000.The project is set to promote local participatorydevelopment planning. In Romania, nine municipalitieswere selected to participate in the project as pilotcities, Giurgiu Municipality included. The other pilotcities are Baia Mare, Galaţi, Iaşi, Miercurea Ciuc,Oradea, Râmnicu Vâlcea, Târgu-Mureş, and Ploieşti.Local Agenda 21 is a development strategy at locallevel, initially introduced at the United NationsConference on Environment and Development(UNCED), Rio de Janeiro, 1992. Local Agenda 21promotes sustainable development principles intolocal development strategies and is applied in over3,000 European cities. Successful completion of thisprogramme depends on the participatory process withlocal residents in local development plans, and on thepromotion of decentralised development, by anintegrated approach to the social, economic andenvironmental problems. The end result of this projectwill consist of well-defined objectives, policies andaction plans to foster better living standards and localdevelopment.The National Centre for Sustainable Development(NCSD) in Bucharest, an organisation establishedunder another UNDP funded project, is responsible fororganising, monitoring and assisting the Local Agenda21 project at national level.Local Agenda 21 or the Strategy for SustainableDevelopment of Giurgiu Municipality consists ofthree documents: Local Strategy for SustainableDevelopment, Local Action Plan and PriorityProjects. Giurgiu City Hall set up a Local SteeringCommittee with participation from representatives ofthe local civil society and coordinated by the Mayor ofGiurgiu, LUCIAN ILIESCU. It also set up WorkingGroups composed of local specialists in various fields,and the Local Agenda 21 Secretariat with two LocalProject Coordinators, Steluţa Purcaru and ConstantinStoenescu.The first draft of the local strategy, the ConsultativeDocument, was disseminated for publicconsultations for a period of two months. The CityHall and local mass media outlets supported publiccommunication efforts. Local institutions –governmental, non-governmental, research, andacademic – have provided technical and informationalinput into the final document. Consultations with thecivil society were fundamental to finalising the LocalStrategy and considerably influenced the drafting ofthe following documents (the Action Plan).Giurgiu City Hall would like to thank all contributorswho assisted with drafting the strategy. Existence ofthe Local Agenda 21 project highlights the will ofGiurgiu Municipality to access structures of theinternational community. The final document will setthe basis for medium and long-term development inour city.We would like to thank the National Centre forSustainable Development for the constant support andassistance in the making of this document and theLocal Agenda 21 project.Giurgiu City HallMayor,Eng. LUCIAN ILIESCU

10MUNICIPALITYINTRODUCTIONThe concept of sustainable development was definedin the “Our common future” report of the UnitedNations Commission for Environment andDevelopment (UNCED) as the “development whichmeets the needs of the present without compromisingthe ability of future generations to meet their ownneeds”. Development and the environment are closelyinterconnected, and the improvement of livingstandards must be accomplished within the limits ofthe life-sustaining natural systems. As such,sustainable development is more of a process ofchange rather than a goal in itself. The concept of“sustainable development” was agreed upon at theRio de Janeiro Conference in 1992, where more than170 states endorsed an international action plan forglobal development in the 21 st century. The plan,known as the Agenda 21, is currently beingimplemented in Romania, among other countries.Giurgiu is one of the nine Romanian pilot cities, whichhave been working on local strategies for sustainabledevelopment since 2000. The National Centre forSustainable Development in Bucharest supportsefforts at local level as part of the ROM 98/012project of the United Nations DevelopmentProgramme.Drafting of the final strategy for sustainabledevelopment assumes the completion of severaldistinct stages. First of all, an assessment of thesocial and economic systems is carried out andthen a list of objectives and potential scenarios areidentified. The latter will result in policies and policyapproaches, which will further on set the fundamentsfor the Action Plan. A portfolio of projects willeventually be compiled in order to attract potentialinvestors.The local community - business people, managers,NGOs, labour unions, professional associations,citizens - reacted positively to this initiative andengaged in communication and consultations with theLocal Agenda 21 representatives. Elaboration of theagenda is fundamental to Giurgiu Municipality andprovides a chance for achieving better living standardsin the community, and also for promoting publicparticipation in decision-making processes.Local residents have arrived at the commonly heldbelief that only together can people build thefuture. Inter-communal communication andconsultation resulted in well-structured objectives andscenarios, which will provide the fundamentals for theLOCAL ACTION PLAN.

11GIURGIUI. ASSESSMENT OF THE SOCIAL ANDECONOMIC SYSTEMSI.1. NATURAL SYSTEMI.1.1. LOCATIONGiurgiu Municipality, the capital of the same-namedcounty, is located in the southern part of the country,in the meadow of the left bank of the Danube River, ataltitudes of 23-26 m. The 45 0 53’ N. parallel and 25 0 59’E. meridian run through the city, at 4’ 43” latitude and9’ 21” longitude.The city is located 64 km from the capital of Romania,on the Bucharest-Sofia-Athens or Bucharest-Istanbulcorridors. The Danube provides Giurgiu with fluvialconnection to the Black Sea and the Northern Sea.The pan-European railway, which starts in Ostende,runs through Berlin, Prague, Budapest, Brasov,Bucharest, Giurgiu, Sofia, and Istanbul or Salonictowards Athens.and sporadically into table meadows. All thesegeological formations lie longitudinally and areunequally structured. Sandbanks occupy an areaalong the minor section of the riverbed; their heightranges between 1-5 m, and the length varies fromseveral dozens to a hundred metres.Following a transitional land stripe, the lower region ofdepressions and water basins extends north. Someother random stripes can be seen here, at the point ofcontact with the terraces of the older riverbed. The firstterrace lies at 3-4 m above the meadow, followed by asecond one at altitudes of 13-14 m. Finally, thehighest formation - Burnazului Plain - is 60-65 m highand overlooks the river meadow. Alluvial deposits are15-35 m thick and composed of two units withcomplex geomorphology: the lower gravel and sandsoils, and the upper clay and sand stratapredominantly. Within city limits, the meadow is 20-27m high and is systematised on most segments foragricultural purposes. Close to Giurgiu, channelsconstructed on streams tributary to the Danube areused for navigation, agriculture or tourist activities.I.1.2. TOPOGRAPHYOver time, the Danube River has gradually withdrawnfrom terraces on the left bank, near Giurgiu. Theterrain looks flat compared to the varied landscape onthe right bank of the stream. Erosion phenomenabegan around the end of the Middle Quaternary anddirected the river flow towards the south. Along theprocess, a network of water channels and ponds wereformed on the old riverbed.The municipality lies in a region that has the mostrecent geomorphology, consisting of meadows, islets,ponds and water channels, mostly resulted from thenatural relocation of the Danube (during the Holoceneperiod). The area between the river and theBurnazului Plain has breadths of up to 10 km, and isdivided into sand banks, inner and outer meadows,I.1.3. CLIMATEGiurgiu has a continental climate characterised bycold winters and hot summers, and by sharptemperature contrasts from daytime to night time andfrom summer to winter (among the most severetemperature differences in the country). The averageannual temperature is 11.5ºC. During the month ofJuly, the average temperature is above 23ºC, and inJanuary fluctuates between 1.5ºC and –5.4ºC. Solarpower exceeds 125kcal/cm 2 and causes a tropical-likeclimate for a period of more then 60 days in the year.The continental aspect refers to rainfalls as well; theaverage annual rainfall is 500-600 ml/m 2 . Highlyinconsistent rainfall causes dry weather and draughtalmost all year long.

12MUNICIPALITYGiurgiu lies in a region heavily influenced by largecurrents of air with high variations of frequency,duration and intensity. As such, the cold and strongwind known as “Crivăţul” reaches the area from thenortheast during wintertime and brings frosty weatherand snow storms. “Austrul,” the dry wind coming fromthe south or southwest, is an almost permanentpresence all year and favours freezing temperatures inthe winter and drought in the summer. The humid wind“Băltăreţul,” specific to the Danube riverside bringswarm and thick rains from the southeast to north-westduring autumn and spring mostly. The eastern wind of“Suhoveiul” is specific to the height of the summer andcauses drought, soil erosion and sandstorms.The Danube Valley helps redirect much of the windgoing towards Giurgiu and therefore has a mitigatingeffect for the local microclimate. In the valley though,currents of cold air can accumulate and stabilise, thusfavouring the phenomenon of thermal inversion.I.1.4. NATURAL RESOURCESI.1.4.1. WaterThe Danube borders the administrative territory of themunicipality on the southeast for 7.3 km. The averageflow of the river streams is approximately 5,600m 3 /secand can exceed 10,000m 3 /sec during springtime whensnow starts melting.At present, Cama and Saint George water channelsrun into the mouth of the river, close to the municipalbuilt-in areas. Smârda and Ara branches are alsotributary to the Danube and flow downstream fromGiurgiu. Another branch of the river, Veriga, wasinitially systematised in 1905 to allow constructionworks for the harbour at Ostrovul Ramadan. Decadeslater, in the 1980s, the Chemical Complex waserected in the area and three still waters were all thatwas left of the former stream. Other natural ponds arelocated at Ostrovul Cioroiu (Lake Neamţului), MocanuIslet (Long Lake and Big Lake), west of Saint Georgechannel, near the mouth of the Danube, and west ofSmârda branch (Lake Ciobănaşul).Still waters stretch over 423 ha, which represents8.54% of the total administrative territory.I.1.4.2. LandLocal climate, biological and geomorphologic factors,and time have influenced the formation and evolutionof municipal lands. Rather unstructured alluvial soilsare prevalent in the region. The land has high humidityfrom contact with the underground water table and isprone to the formation of swamps.I.1.4.3. Flora and FaunaGiurgiu lies in an area where the forest steppe and themeadow meet. North of the Danube meadows, oakforests and groves and other leafy forests overlap withvarious species of shrubs. Human activities causedthe shrinkage of steppe grassland, which can be foundnowadays along roads and railways or near humansettlements. In the alluvial soils of the river meadow,high humidity fosters grassland formation. Nearbyforests are composed of soft-wooden species such aswillow tree, poplar and alder tree. Swamps andfloodplains have vegetation specific to humidenvironments: reed, sedge, crane’s bill, watermistletoe, water lily, peppermint, bulrush, hemlock,and water weed.Local fauna consists of mostly thermophile species.Various rat species (mole rat, forest rat, and harvestmouse), the turtle dove, nightingale, woodpecker, redjackdaw, green lizard, and forest lizard populate oakgroves in the region. Meadows shelter species like theheron, toad, water snake, bittern, lapwing, quail, wildduck, blackbird, hoopoe, starling and cuckoo.Although not diverse, mammal species living in thearea include the wild boar, polecat, German marmot,ground squirrel, harvest mouse, rabbit and the fox.Forests outside Giurgiu city limits stretch over 615.2ha. Local authorities would like to declare thempreserved areas (they have a special functionality ofprotection and cannot be used for productionpurposes). An additional 40.8 ha of forest are locatedwithin the municipality, in the perimeter of the FreeTrade Zone.The most important humid habitats and the highestconcentration of habitats sheltering species protectedby International Conventions ratified by Romania arelocated along the Danube River, in islets andfloodplains. The legislation includes the BernConvention – Law 13/1993; the Bonn Convention –Law 13/1998; the Directive for Habitats no.

13GIURGIU92/43/EEC; and the Directive for Bird Species no.79/409/EEC. Mocanu and Mocănaşu islets, forinstance, are stopover and nesting areas for severalprotected species (i.e. aigrette, yellow wagtail, Danubefalcon, and eagle).A rare species of lizard (Podarcis muralis) strictlyprotected by Law 13/1993 was identified near theCitadel Island, within Giurgiu municipality.I.1.4.4. Biological DiversityThe most important habitats for wet areas are situatedalong the Danube. They are concentrated habitatswith a large number of species protected throughInternational Conventions stipulated in Romanianlaws. The islets and flooding areas in Mocanu andMocanasu are special places for resting and nestingprotected species.On the territory of Giurgiu municipality in the “Fortressin the Island “ area Podarcis Muralis – reptile speciesprotected by Law 13/1993, have been identified.I.1.4.5. Mineral ResourcesGiurgiu does not have significant mineral resources tobe extracted, except for the ballast exploitations on theDanube riverbed.I.1.5. ENVIRONMENT FACTORSStudies on the quality of air conducted over the lastdecade reveal decreasing pollution levels in Giurgiucompared to 1990. The phenomenon is not only aconsequence of environmental protection actions, butalso of unemployment resulting from industrialrestructuring.I.1.5.1. AirThe Environmental Protection Agency in Giurgiu has 6stations for air quality control, which monitor basicurban pollution, and pollution from motorway trafficand industrial activities. The monitoring networkconsists of:• 3 stations for urban air quality control, whichare located in residential districts. Pollutants aretransported in the atmosphere from both areasoutside the city and municipal zones. Gasemissions from urban traffic or industrialactivities do not cause air pollution directly.• 1 suburban station monitors air pollution levelson the Danube riverbank, in an industrial andtrading zone. Pollutants come from themunicipality and the suburban areas, and arealso transferred from over the national border.• 1 station for monitoring pollution levels in theindustrial zones (the Meteorological Station).In 2001, a total of 14,667 samples was collected fromthe monitoring stations and analysed on a daily basis.Analyses were carried out for different time spans: 24hours, 30 minutes (moment analysis) and one month.Twelve indicators for air quality were tested: hydrogensulfide, ammonia, chlorine, formaldehyde, nitrogenoxide, sulfur oxide, phenols, hydrochloric acid, lead,cadmium, and particulate matter in suspension and insediments. Results indicated that maximum standardconcentrations were briefly exceeded for ammonia,lead and cadmium. Although practically insignificant,pollution excess was caused by:- Noxious emissions released from themunicipal landfill, and industrial installationsshut down at S.C. Meandros and S.C.Verachim S.A. Giurgiu (ammonia);- Urban traffic and combustion processes(lead and cadmium).At the same time, the alert threshold was overriddenfor:- Particulate matter in suspension because ofweather and climate change, urban trafficand combustion processes;- Ammonia (momentum sampling) resultingfrom improper disposal of household wastesduring summertime, when temperatures ranvery high;- Hydrogen sulfide (momentum sampling)from emissions released by S.C. VerachimS.A., the sewerage and improper disposal ofmunicipal solid refuse;- Heavy metals (lead, cadmium) from urbantraffic.In general, air quality in Giurgiu is good;concentrations exceeding the alert threshold and eventhe maximum standard were sporadic.

15GIURGIUhardness. Results from 2001 did not indicate any acidrain in the municipality.I.2. SOCIAL SYSTEMI.2.1. ECONOMY AND THE BUSINESSENVIRONMENTEconomyMACROECONOMIC INDICATORSThe state of the economy in Giurgiu County and themunicipality is closely correlated with the nationallevel.Structure of economic activities in 2000– Provisional data –MAIN ECONOMIC BRANCHES %- Agriculture 2.5- Industry 10.5- Construction 3.6- Trade 69.6- Transport 6.2- Services 7.6TOTAL PER MUNICIPALITY 100.0Status of local business as of 12.31.2000ITEMNO.SPECIFIC INDICATORS1999Thousand Lei2000Thousand Lei1. Fixed Asset 1,787,198,353 2,261,380,8392. Quick Asset 976,251,246 1,590,985,5643. Current Asset 874,403,431 1,156,129,8814. Total Debt 2,114,385,516 3,217,194,9935. Turnover 1,952,653,108 3,466,360,7326. Total Revenues 2,195,584,725 3,890,372,7627. Total Expenses 2,310,752,292 3,840,915,7008. Total Claims 1,106,637,505 894,582,1639. Gross Salaries 168,714,534 215,884,73510. Revenues from retail business 623,388,054 895,898,06111. Revenues from public food services 22,314,822 24,460,52112. Revenues from exports 115,274,949 429,706,94913. Businesses with reported gains 1,282 77514. Businesses with reported losses 626 62015. Total number of employees 12,064 11,325Data communicated by the General Directorate forPublic Finances at the end of 2000 indicated that1,908 companies issued official balance sheets, and617 of them reported zero net profits (a fact that wasconsidered a slight progress compared to 1999). Atotal of 1,282 businesses reported profits and 626 hadnegative earning statements for 2000. In addition, 775local businesses reported profits and 620 issuednegative earning statements.

16MUNICIPALITYAside from the 1,908 companies, authorisedindividuals and family associations contribute to thedevelopment of the municipal economy.I.2.1.1. AgricultureAgriculture has a share of only 2.5% of the municipaleconomy. In 2000, agricultural produce amounted to788 tons of wheat and rye from 365 ha; 201 tons ofbarley and two-row barley from 55 ha; 320 tons ofcorn from 652 ha; 130 tons of sunflower from 310 ha;130 tons of potatoes from 30 ha; and 1,006 tons ofvegetables from 169 ha. Soy and sugar beet were notgrown. Production was very small because of poorweather conditions.Two local companies had larger scale operations andentered top of the list published by the Chamber ofCommerce, Industry and Agriculture: TOTAGRO Ltdfor agricultural produce (the category for microenterprises)and AGROHOLDING S.A. for auxilliaryservices (the category for small enterprises).Other companies in Giurgiu provide auxilliary servicesin the forestry business and carry out activities suchas fishing and fish breeding. For instance, S.C.Piscicola S.A. had 130 employees and its reportedturnover was over 3 billion Lei in 2000.I.2.1.2. IndustryThe county industrial production for 2001, most ofwhich came from municipal businesses, was 16.8%higher in terms of absolute volume and 17.3% higherin terms of working days than production reported for2000. According to this data, the downward trend of1999 and 2000 stopped. Production consisted of:chemicals (auxiliaries for the rubber industry, plastics,washing powder, bleaching agents, and dies);machinery and spare parts for oil drilling andgeological works; containers for the shipment ofmerchandise and metallic cloth; wood furniture andhardwood timber; prefabricated materials from ferrousconcrete;metallic nets; leather products; thermal andhydroelectric energy; textiles (cotton and cotton-likefabrics, clothes and carpets); foods (meat andprocessed meat products, edible oil, alcoholicbeverages, breads and bakery, canned vegetablesand fruits, fish products, and milk and dairy products).The following data was available for main industrialcompanies as of 2000:• S.C. Panem S.A., private company specialisingin milling and breads, has a 15 billion Leiturnover and 160 employees.• S.C Fructonil S.A., joint company with mostlystate-owned shares specialising inagribusiness, has 63 employees.• S.C. Lacta S.A., private company producingmilk and dairy products, has 120 employeesand co-operates with Dutch investors.• S.C. Oleomet Ltd, company processingoleaginous seeds, has a 8 billion Lei turnoverand 80 employees.• S.C. Dunareana S.A., private companymanufacturing cotton and cotton-like fabricsand clothes, has 630 employees and cooperateswith businesses from Italy, China andGermany.• S.C. Verachim S.A., company currently limitingits operations, produces auxiliaries for therubber industry and has an 18 billion Leiturnover and 1 billion Lei profit. The companyexports to Spain, Egypt and Bulgaria andimports from the Czech Republic, Austria andEgypt.• S.C. Gabluc S.A. produces chemicals, providesservices for the agribusiness and import-exportservices.• Codex Trading & Consulting Ltd, privatecompany, manufactures hardwood timber andfurniture and co-operates with German firms onexporting contracts. The company has a 17billion Lei turnover and 110 employees.• S.C. Dunapref S.A., private company,manufactures prefabs for railroads, motorwaysand bridges, and for extraction of ballastproducts. The company has a 41 billion Leiturnover and 373 employees.• S.C. Consig S.A., private company, specialisesin civil and industrial engineering and inconstruction assembling.• S.C. Elco S.A., private company, designs andconstructs power lines – fitting, assembling andrepairing.

17GIURGIUI.2.1.3. ConstructionDuring 2000-2001, the construction industryconcentrated its operations in the Free Trade Zone,where company and bank offices, and compounds forproduction or storage were built. Nevertheless, theconstruction business was not well representedbecause of insufficient investment.Giurgiu City Hall was one of the beneficiaries of theproject on “Providing water services to the rural areasand developing social housing.” The project receivedforeign funding for the construction of 72 apartmentsfor socially disadvantaged people. The apartmentswere not connected to utilities and therefore could notbe completed. The City Hall is in charge of theprovision of utilities but they had to temporarily haltconstruction work due to the absence of funding.Twenty-six dwellings were constructed withindividually owned funds in 2000, and 36 dwellings in2001I.2.1.4. TransportPublic urban transportation is subsidised from thelocal budget. Although it has great potential, navaltransportation was heavily affected by the trafficrestriction on the Danube River, after the war in theformer Yugoslavia. The following data was availableon the transportation sector for 2000:• C.N.F. Giurgiu Nav S.A. has 1350 employeesand 800 billion Lei of capital assets. Thecompany provides merchandise shipment onthe Danube, and international touristtransportation services.• S.C. Gitour S.A., offers passengertransportation, and has a 2 billion Lei turnoverand 30 employees.• S.C.C.N.F. Giurgiu Nav S.A., company whoseshares are mostly state owned, operates in thedomestic and international transportation ofmerchandise and passengers. It has a 106billion Lei turnover and 910 employees.• Mucă & CO Prod Com Ltd, private company,provides navigation and transportation serviceson both domestic and international routes. Thecompany has a special partnership withBulgarian counterparts, a 20 billion Lei turnoverand 89 employees.• SCAEP Giurgiu Port S.A., private company,offers fluvial transportation services for goodsand passengers on both domestic andinternational routes. The company providesmanipulation of merchandise and extraction ofballast products. It has a 29 billion Lei turnoverand 214 employees.I.2.1.5. TourismThe Tourism industry is not very well represented inthe municipality. Only three companies operate in thiseconomic branch. S.C. Danubius S.A. (statecompany), S.C. Vip Tours Ltd (private company), theBureau of Tourism for Youth (currently with limitedoperations) and the County Administration for SchoolCamps (which only intermediates services and doesnot offer accommodations).Giurgiu has three hotels, one motel and a campingsite with 412 beds. The only recreational area in themunicipality is the open-air swimming pool (1.73 ha)located in the harbour, on the Danube riverbank.Outside the city limits, five forested areas stretch over1,067 ha but only one forest has necessary amenitiesfor tourism endeavours (i.e. the children’s camp).Three other forests (Bălanu, 72 ha, Guţu, 69 ha andTurbatu, 289 ha) can be used as recreational andleisure areas since they range below 25 km, accordingto forestry regulations. Forests near the Danube havebalanced ecosystems and are considered naturalpreserved zones. They can only partially be used foreco-tourism activities.I.2.1.6. TradeTrading activities have the largest share in themunicipal economy; most small entrepreneurs carryout commercial activities. For the first nine months of1999, exports amounted to 9,161,000 USD,representing 33.4% of the total amount of imports.Compared to the same period of time in 1998, exportswent up 57.6%. A similar upward trend was reportedfor the first part of 2000. Mineral goods (fuels andmineral oils) and chemicals had a share of 74.6% ofthe total exports, wood products accounted for 9.8%,ordinary metals and metallic products represented3.6%.

18MUNICIPALITYImports over the same time span amounted to27,400,000 USD. The sum was 6.1 times higher thanthe one reported for 1998. Imports consisted ofchemicals - 58.1%, motor vehicles – 21.5%,machinery and mechanical parts – 7.3%, and others.Business environmentI.2.1.7. Evolution of the Private SectorThe dynamics of the private sector, as reported by theChamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture was:Annual Registration of Companies1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 TOTALPF+AF 70 28 16 19 5 5 1 - 210 130 484S.C.S. 6 1 - - 1 - - - - - 8S.N.C. 20 6 4 1 1 - 2 1 - - 35S.R.L. 921 1291 743 1012 558 402 315 270 248 224 5984S.A. 118 15 12 29 19 49 5 19 13 4 283O.C. 53 1 24 1 - - - - 1 - 80R.A. 7 - 1 2 4 1 1 - - - 16TOTAL 1195 1342 800 1064 588 457 324 290 472 358 6890S.A. – Stock Company, P.F. – Individual Person, O.C. – Co-operative Organisation, A.F. – Family Association,R.A. – Autonomous Administration, S.C.S. – Sleeping Partnership, S.N.C. – Collective Society,S.R.L. – Limited Liability CompanyData indicates that the number of businesses registered with the municipality fell year by year, and that limited liabilitycompanies have the largest share of all municipal companies.Companies with Foreign Capital in 2000COUNTRYNO. OFCOMPANIESCAPITAL, NATIONALCURRENCYCAPITAL, FOREIGNCURRENCYBULGARIA 2 200 $FRANCE 2 16,100,000 710 $UNITED KINGDOM 1 185,190,000 10,000 $TURKEY 2 4,000,000 207 $ITALY 5 228,400,000 11,500 $CHINA 4 323,300,000 36,642 $CYPRUS 1 2,000,000 124$HOLLAND 2 4,000,000 220 DMSYRIA 1 6,000,000 300 $ISRAEL 2 8,000,000 348 $CANADA 1 5,000,000 250 $LEBANON 2 23,400,000 10,120 $REPUBLIC OF MOLDAVIA 2 4,300,000 185 $NOTE: Most companies have foreign capital exclusively, and few have joint ownership with Romanian counterparts. Ninetypercent of businesses in Giurgiu are SMEs.

19GIURGIUIn 1999-2000, 157 business enterprises registeredwith the County Chamber of Commerce, Industry andAgriculture, representing 0.21% of the total number ofcompanies registered at the national level during thistime. Their cumulated subscribed capital was4,834,800 USD, equivalent to a share of 0.07% of thetotal subscribed capital per county. These figuresindicate that Giurgiu County ranks among the leastdeveloped counties in Romania, in terms of businessoperations. According to the number of companieswith foreign capital, Giurgiu County holds the 37 thplace, and with the total amount of subscribed capitalit occupies the 40 th place. The county has a similareconomic standing with the counties of Gorj, Botoşani,Ialomiţa, Vaslui and Călăraşi.I.2.1.8. Dynamics of the SME sectorRegistered Business EnterprisesCounty1998 1999CountyOf which:- S.A. 10 10 15 10- S.R.L. 282 154 246 136- R.A. - - - -- O.C. - - - -- P.F. + A.F. 476 283 447 237TOTAL 769 447 708 383Business Enterprises Operating at the End ofthe Year:Statistics reveal that most enterprises operate aslimited liability companies. The number of businesseswith foreign capital went up 35% from 1998 to 1999. Inaddition, total subscribed capital per municipality andcounty respectively registered a slight increase overthe same period of time.Type ofEnterpriseTotal Subscribed Capital (million Lei)12.31.1998 07.01.1999CountyCountyMunicipalityMunicipality1998 1999CountyMunicipalitpalityMunici-CountyOf which:- S.R.L. 5,432 2,953 5,678 3,089- S.A. 268 128 283 138- R.A. 6 5 - -- O.C. 78 8 78 8- P.F. + A.F. 4,323 2,155 4,514 2,389TOTAL 10,151 5,293 10,603 5,674MunicipalityMunicipality- P.F. + A.F. - - - -- S.R.L. 36,032 18,577 46,144 27,343- S.A. 575,908 406,441 545,697 371,123- R.A. - - - -- O.C. 3,868 825 3,779 867TOTAL 923,323 562,321 952,868 601,062Analysis of the indicators for 1999 and the first quarterof 2000 show that prolonged nation-wide economicrestructuring had negative impacts on the municipality,resulting in unemployment and lower living standards.I.2.1.9. ServicesGiurgiu Free Trade ZoneThe Free Trade Zone (FTZ) was established in 1996,under the Law no.84/1992, and currently hostsapproximately 300 companies. FTZ aims to fosterinternational trade in the region, attract foreigninvestment, promote new technologies and increaseefficiency in the management of national economicresources. The Zone stretches over 160 ha in themunicipality and offers multiple facilities for anyRomanian or foreign company. It is located only 64 kmfrom Bucharest and nearby one of the most importanttransit points on the national border.The FTZ has a straight connection to the main roadand railway traffic corridors, and also has adequateinfrastructure for fluvial transportation (wharfs andpiers) - manipulation and conveyance of heavyweightgoods. Companies established here specialise inheavy machinery and equipment, shipbuilding,

20MUNICIPALITYmanufacturing of truck accessories, and equipment fortelecommunication and computers.The autonomous administration of the Free TradeZone every three months holds public auctions forland leasing to industrial, commercial and serviceenterprises. Other public auctions are organised on analmost weekly basis for renting various types ofstoring facilities: offices, platforms and land plots.Business in the FTZ recorded important growth in2001 in comparison with the year before. Theevolution of land leasing/renting and of main economicindicators is presented in tables 1, 2 and 3. Totalrevenues for 2001 went up 35.76% and return oninvestment grew 30.21% compared to 2000. Higherrevenues versus decreasing expenditures led to43.56% net profit growth over the same time span.Productivity for 2001 went up 41.26% (671 million Leicompared with 475 million Lei in 2000). The ratiobetween expenditures and 1,000 Lei revenue was463.66 Lei in 2001. In 2000, the same indicator held at492.20 Lei. Custom taxes collected for goods importedat the FTZ amounted to 1,050 billion Lei. Aside fromtaxes owed by the autonomous administration to thecentral authorities, the Free Trade Zone contributesincome taxes and social contributions ofapproximately 81 billion Lei for its more than 3,000employees. An investment project for step-wiseupgrade of the infrastructure – construction ofembankments, roads, sewerage, power lines, andwarehouses – is currently ongoing.The Free Trade Zone provides a series of facilities:- Land and constructions in the FTZ can beleased for up to 50 years to Romanian andinternational investors (individual personsand companies).- The zone has compounds and openperimeters with diverse size andfunctionality to be rented.- Activities specific to the FTZ are:manipulation, storage, sorting, processing,assembling, manufacturing, marking,labelling, repairing, disassembling ofmerchandise; organising fairs; providing ofstock market, and finance and bankingservices; domestic and internationaltransportation and shipment of goods;renting/leasing of offices, warehouses, andopen land for the construction business.- Activities carried out in the FTZ are exemptfrom VAT, excise and import profit taxes.- Foreign investment cannot be nationalised,expropriated, requisitioned or subjected tosimilar actions except in the case whenpublic interest is involved. Even so,correlated compensation would be offered tothe investor.- Goods located in the FTZ can be transferredto another free trade zone with no paymentof custom taxes. Goods can transitRomanian customs.- Means of conveyancing merchandise andother property from abroad or transiting itthrough the FTZ to international locationsare exempt from custom tax and othertaxes.- When business carried out in the zoneceases or limits operations, owners cantransfer properties and profits abroad, afterpaying obligations due to Romanianauthorities and other partners.Several important companies have operations in theFree Trade Zone:- S.C. I.C.M.U.G. S.A. – the companymanufactures drilling equipment for low andmedium depth, cast-iron parts (2,000tons/year), cast non-ferrous parts (1,000tons/year), cast-iron industrial fittings (6,000tons/year), and diverse technologicalequipment. Besides execution works, thecompany can also design products, partsand equipment of any size.- S.C. Contransimex Industry S.A.manufactures containers for the shipping ofmerchandise.- Companies that bought assets from S.C.Naval Shipyard S.A. reopened facilities forshipbuilding and the production of oxygen.- S.N. PETROM S.A. owns the only oilterminal located on the Romanian side ofthe Danube. The terminal has a storingcapacity of 50,000 tons and a 350 m longwharf.

21GIURGIUTable 1DYNAMICS OF LAND CONCESSIONED AND OWNED IN 2000 COMPARED WITH 2001521510 525826.821600000500000MP400000300000134492 102970.642000001000000CONCESSIONED LANDLOANED LAND20002001Table 2EVOLUTION OF THE MAIN ECONOMIC - FINANCIAL INDICATORS DURING 2000-200016053,95039,740MILLEI 2920003020012220,220100% 135.76%1510100% 143.56%100% 146.66%0INCOMES GROSS PROFIT NET PROFIT

22MUNICIPALITYTable 3GOODS IN AND OUT OF THE FREE TRADE ZONE, GIURGIU 2001 COMPARED TO 2000226796874256611255173256131300000000132613242250000000VALUEIN EURO200000000150000000100%171%100%148,11%100000000500000000Value of goods in Z.L.G. in 2000 Value of goods in Z.L.G. in 2001Value of goods out Z.L.G. in 2000 Value of goods out Z.L.G. in 2001Finance and bankingSix banks have branches open in Giurgiu: RomanianCommercial Bank, Reiffeisen Agrarian Bank,Romanian Bank for Development-Societe Generale,Banc Post, Transylvania Bank, and the Savings andLoan Bank. All banks offer services for savings andloans with individual customers and companies. Thedebit card system has been recently introduced in themunicipality. Romanian Central Bank opened anOffice for Discounts here, which runs discountoperations on gross and net cash flows in relation tothe Treasury.I.2.2. LAND USE PLANNINGI.2.2.1. LocationLocated 64 km from the capital of Romania, Giurgiuhas been known as a gate from the Balkan Peninsulato Western Europe ever since the 19 th century. The45º53’ N parallel and 25º59’ E meridian run throughthe city.The Island Citadel, whose existence was documentedback in the 1300, was later the nucleus of urbandevelopment. Modern Giurgiu was established afterthe Peace Treaty of Adrianopol (1829) when thesettlement, which had been under Turkish occupationfor a long time, was given back to the Romanian state.Urbanisation followed the plans designed by Moritzvon Ott at the request of Russian general Kiseleff.Development works started after 1830 when a localcommittee proposed the “Construction regulations forthe improvement and embellishment of the city.” Atpresent, the Landscaping Master Plan and LocalRegulations for Urbanism set the basis for futuresustainable development, according to economic andsocial contexts so as to provide better habitationstandards. The Municipal Local Council approvedthese norms with Decision no.14 on 02.24.2000. Theyare compulsory regulations of the local publicadministration and are incorporated in the localstrategy for sustainable development. Given thecurrent stage of development, the municipality belongsto the 2nd category of urban settings, in accordancewith the National Territorial and Administrative Plan,Section IV – Towns & Cities.

23GIURGIUIn comparison with main port cities located along LowDanube (i.e. Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Turnu Măgurele,Zimnicea, Oltenita and Călăraşi), Giurgiu had thefollowing standing in 1994:- 3 rd place in terms of number of inhabitants;- 3 rd place in terms of active population fromthe total population (47.65%);- 2 nd place in terms of occupied workforcefrom the total population (43.35%);- 2 nd place in terms of number of seniorcitizens from the total population (14.02%);- 4 th place in terms of average number ofapartments per building (2.72%);- 3 rd place in terms of the size of a dwelling(2.57 rooms per dwelling);- 3 rd place in terms of average economicgrowth rate during 1989-1994;- 3 rd place in terms of occupied workforce inthe secondary sector (59.85%);- 4 th place in terms of occupied workforce inthe tertiary sector (36.85%).I.2.2.2. Roads and transportGiurgiu is a hub for road, rail and naval transportation.Motorway transportThroughout history, Giurgiu was both a militarylocation and an urban settlement at the junction ofseveral important roads—Banului, Untului,Bucureştiului, and Olacului - which continued onto thesouth, over the Danube, towards Istanbul. Roadwaysgradually turned into county, national and Europeantransportation corridors, as follows:- Giurgiu-Bucureşti: DN5 – segments of DE70 towards Serbia and DE85 towards sub-Carpathian Ukraine;- Giurgiu-Ghimpaţi: DN53 – connection withDN6 and DN61;- Giurgiu-Zimnicea: DN 5C;- Giurgiu-Alexandria: DJ 503, 503A and 504.The modern city of Giurgiu extended, starting with1830, on a radial-ring shaped outlook of the streetnetwork, stemming from the downtown oval piazza(the so-called “Plate”). The street layout, unique inRomania, was preserved until present times except forthe downtown piazza, which was destroyed by urbanarchitectural approaches of the Communist regime. In1881, the city had 6 open squares and 26 streets witha total length of 26 km. Uncontrolled urbanisationstarted in the second part of the 20 th century led totraffic problems. Although the radial street layout ispreserved, the absence of the former ring-shapedroads prevents good traffic flows between residentialareas.Currently, the municipality has 112 km of paved andproperly sized streets. The other roads are notproperly maintained and cannot sustain traffic flows. Amajor North-South axis runs through Giurgiu and endsin the harbour at the Danube. The axis is crossed overby Bizetz Road Bridge, which has exceeded itsoperating timeframe and is no longer safe for vehicletraffic. Another traffic corridor comes from TeleormanCounty to the Giurgiu Border Customs and then ontothe Near Eastern region. Transit can be made over theDanube Bridge (built in 1955) and at the two borderpoints by ferry. One of the crossings is located nearthe bridge and the other one in the harbour. Poorquality of municipal roads prevents efficient trafficmanagement; timid attempts have been made toseparate heavy motor vehicles from the rest of thetraffic.RailroadsThe first railroad in Romania was laid in Giurgiu in1869 and connected the city to Bucharest, Filaretdistrict. In 1902, the railway was extended to Smârdanharbour, and further on to Ramadan harbour at theDanube, three years later. In 1910, the connectionwent to the town of Videle.Bizetz Bridge, the first road and railway-curved bridgein Europe was built near Giurgiu, in 1905. Until thatdate, a ferry was used for transportation. Railroadscross the municipality for 24 km, of which 3.5 kmbelong to the Northern Railway Station – DanubeBridge traffic corridor.Four railway stations provide transportation forpassengers and merchandise:- Giurgiu City Railway Station wasestablished in 1869 and is the main stationfor passengers going to Bucharest andVidele.

24MUNICIPALITY- The Ferryboat Station functioned between1935-1955 for passenger and goodstransportation to the eastern countries; lateron, it was used for domestic conveyance ofmerchandise in the Cioroiu-Ramadan area.- Northern Railway Station was opened in1955 and offers transportation forpassengers and goods, and also controlstrains transiting the border from and toBulgaria.- Southern Railway Station was established atthe same time with the southern industrialpark and provides transportation of goodsfor industries located in the south and westof the municipality.Railways and railroads intercept in nine points, ofwhich 7 are on the same level, causing trafficproblems.Naval transportEven from ancient and medieval times, the Danuberepresented the most important navigation channel forCentral Europe on the east-west direction. Romaniansand Turks used the “Island Citadel” or the “Citadel ofMircea the Elder” as a bridgehead onto the river. Upuntil 1870, the only harbour of the city was located onSaint George water channel, near the Alley Park,where a stone-made pier built in 1876 still stands.During 1870-1906, Smârdan harbour was constructedto take over some of the fluvial traffic that became aproblem particularly during summertime, when theDanube had low waters. The two harbours provedinefficient so that in 1902 construction works werestarted for a port right on the Danube riverbank, inRamadan islet. In 1905, the port was opened, togetherwith a 2 km long stone-made wharf. In 1907, thewinter basin was completed and during 1939-1945 thefluvial station (architect Petre Antonescu) wasestablished. The final port built in Giurgiu was used forthe transportation of petroleum products and wasopened in 1940 in Cioroiu island.The important role Giurgiu played as a port city nearBucharest has been underlined by technicalaccomplishments such as: the first railroad in theprincipality of Romania, the first telegraph line (1854),connection to the telephone lines (1902) and themodern port (1905).The administrative territory of the municipality iscrossed by navigable waters for over 10.25 km, ofwhich 3.25 km are on the Saint George channel, andthe rest flow into the Danube. At present, the port atthe Danube has 600 m of piers with amenities and theSaint George channel has 1.5 km. Dispersion of portactivities and the creation of the Free Trade Zonemakes activity reorganisation a necessity. Specialisedports should be set up for passengers, merchandise,tourism, speedboats for sports and leisure, and so on.I.2.2.3. Land ZoningMunicipal land zoning is closely correlated with thesocial and administrative organisation of the city,residential districts, and residents, with a doublesubordination compared to current activities and landuse. Total municipal built-in area is 2153.74 ha. Theland use survey was structured according to functionalzones and activities as follows:Zones with public institutionsLong time neglected due to it’s proximity to Bucharest,Giurgiu gained a different status in 1981, when GiurgiuCounty was established on the approximate territory ofthe former county of Vlasca. Public institutions andservices of public interest representative at countylevel are crammed in insufficient perimeters, scatteredthroughout the municipality. Some public institutionsare located in buildings severely damaged byearthquakes (i.e. the County Council, the Prefecture,and so on). Public amenities occupy an area of 34.77ha, and trade and services stretch over an area of53.35 ha.HousingCurrently, residential zones extend 35.84 hacompared to 1999, and amount to 522.14 ha, which isa share of 24.24% from the total built-in areas.Collective dwellings (P+2 ÷ 11E) occupy 97.05 ha,which accounts for 4.5% from the built-in area, the restof the 17.74% is occupied by buildings of P+1E andmostly on the ground floor.These zones are insufficiently configured, particularlyformer agricultural lands (which are currently used forhousing development and for utilities of day-to-dayuse). Development plans bear a temporary restrictionon construction works until documentation for urbanzoning are issued. Documentation must contain

25GIURGIUprovisions on the functional planning, the new streetnetwork and location of utilities.Downtown, commercial and business centresA. Downtown areaConfinement of the downtown was based on severaloverlapping criteria for social and administrative landuse management:- Criteria on the existing constructions(historical, morphological, and esthetical);- Functional criteria with delimitationaccording to current procedures for a centralnuclei with commercial, business andadministrative functionality;- Social criteria resulting from integration ofopinions expressed in a survey conducted in1995.The downtown area will include three nuclei withpolarising functionality, as follows:- The cultural and historical nucleus fromUnion Square;- The financial and banking nucleus, partiallyredefined at the crossroads of CFRBoulevard and Bucharest Street;- The administrative nucleus at thecrossroads of Michael the Brave Boulevardand Bucharest Street, on the location of themilitary unit, land owned by state authoritiesthat could potentially go into publicadministration.The downtown is composed of five sub-zones withindividual specifics:- The Centre sub-zone has facilities located inthe central nucleus and dwellings P+1 –P+10E, S=43.88 ha;- The sub-zone of the Railway Station Streetwhich has facilities located in the preservedarea and dwellings P – P+2E, S=14.50 ha;- The sub-zone of Mircea the Old Street,which has facilities located in the centre anddwellings P – P+11E, S=14.30 ha;- The sub-zone of Nicolae Bălănescu – 1848Square which has facilities in the centre anddwellings P+1 – P+7E, S=5.97 ha;- The sub-zone of Dudului Street which hascentral utilities and dwellings P+2 – 4E,S=15.85ha.The downtown has an area of 94.5 ha and an indicatorof occupancy of 11.81 m 2 /inhabitant, a value slightlyabove the average in other big European cities.B. Commercial and business centresIt has been suggested that a nucleus with polarisingfunctionality for business be located on the zonecurrently owned by a production company, S.C.Consig S.A., with an area of 17.5 ha. This nucleus willadd to existing zones of interest and extend to theDanube, in direct connection with the Free TradeZone, and the passenger port. Another polarisingcentre for commercial activities is the area in front ofthe customs, which stretches over 33.1 ha.Zone for activitiesThese zones comprise of industrial parks, warehousesand agribusiness. Industries and Warehouses arelocated in the North, West and South platforms, overan area of 380.29 ha (18.92% of the built-in areas). Asthe result of decreasing productivity of someindustries, this land will become available for anotherfunctionality. Agribusiness has suffered in particular,and large companies changed functionality once theyclosed operations. The rest of the agricultural landwithin the built-in area has 190.50 ha and is currentlyleft for future development purposes. Agribusinesscompanies occupy 260.55 ha and have a share of12.09%.Zone for communications and transportZones with communications and transportinfrastructure overlap other functional zones,connecting one another. Zones for communicationsare divided as:• Motorways and respectiveinfrastructure176.13 ha;• Railroads and respectiveinfrastructure87.40 ha;• Navigable channels andinfrastructure3.50 ha.

26MUNICIPALITYZone for green areas, sports, leisure andprotectionAlthough well below standards, green areas aredivided as:• Parks andsquares 8.36 ha 1.13 m 2 /inhabitant;• Sports 4.60 ha 0.62 m 2 /inhabitant;• Leisure 1.73 ha 0.23 m 2 /inhabitant;• TOTAL 14.69 ha 1.98 m 2 /inhabitant.In Romania, the average standard is 13 m 2 /inhabitant,and 12 m 2 /inhabitant for parks and squares.Zone for utilitiesThese areas have infrastructure for public utilities andadditional constructions. Within the built-in area, theyoccupy 52.04 ha. Additional zones consist of the 27.6ha from Oinacu commune, the area at “Malul Roşu”where a plant for waste water treatment is located,and a new treatment plant for household liquid refusewill be constructed.Zone for communal husbandryThe meteorological station, the human graveyards andthe collectors for household refuse are located in thisarea of 53.53 ha. The area does not include thenecessary perimeter for communal husbandry. Atpresent, residential garbage is stored in very small,improper spaces, whose location to the householdsdoes not comply with current sanitary standards. Anarea of 12.25 ha has been provided to the communalhusbandry on “Malul Roşu”; it complies with currentregulations in this field.Zone for lands with special functionalityThis is an 232.35 ha area and consists of:• Divisions of M.Ap.N., M.I. and S.R.I.;• Checkpoints for border transit;• The Free Trade Zone.Open landsThey stretch over 190.53 ha and are a reserve foropen lands within the built-in area, which will be usedfor various urbanisation needs.Forested landWithin the built-in area of Giurgiu there is a forest of40.80 ha located inside the Free Trade Zone.WatersStill waters within the municipality occupy 15.90 ha (inthe built-in areas).Survey of land use managementThe survey is carried out according to the type offunctional zone, in correlation with the present built-inareas.PRESENTFUNCTIONAL ZONESArea (Ha) Share from the TotalDwellings and complementary functions 486.2 22.57Industries and warehouses 380.29 17.65Agribusiness 471.33 21.88Public institutions and services 88.12 4.09Means of communication, of which: 267.03 12.39- motorways 176.13 8.17- railroads 87.4 4.05- naval 3.5 0.16Green areas 50.46 2.34

27GIURGIUFUNCTIONAL ZONESArea (Ha)PRESENTShare from the TotalUtilities 52.04 2.41Communal husbandry and graveyards 53.53 2.48Special functionality 66.96 3.1Open lands 180.9 8.39Waters 15.8 0.73Forests 40.8 1.89Unproductive lands - -TOTAL BUILT-IN AREAS 2153.74 100I.2.2.4. HousingMunicipal residents live in individual dwellings orapartment buildings (about 50% of the population) inthe residential districts of Oinac, Tineretului, Bucureşti,Centru, Policlinica and Istru.Housing development recorded a boost after 1980.Apartment buildings and individual houses were builtafter 1990, leading to an increase of the total dwellingfund. Most apartment buildings recently constructedare of the type P+4, with some exceptions (P+1 andP+10). The old city had a closed radial structure yetconstruction work in the area has negative impactsand have fragmented the coherence of the urbandesign. Although the municipality has somecharacteristic urban features, housing faces numerousproblems:• Poor quality of the municipal dwellings;• Unfinished apartment buildings at MihaiViteazul Boulevard (near the County Hospital),and the downtown;• Inefficient utilisation of some apartments inbuildings for bachelors;• Absence of amenities for residential districts(day care centres, kindergartens, medicalcentres, libraries, places of worship, sportsfacilities);• Some areas under conflict;• Low densities in some neighbourhoods (Obor,Ghizdarului, Alexandriei and Sloboziei);• Poor quality of utilities in someneighbourhoods;• High pollution levels in some residential areas;• Poor street systematisation in some districts(where most houses are located);• Lack of green and recreational areas in theneighbourhoods and the entire city;• Utilisation of some perimeters in the residentialareas as land for agricultural activities.I.2.2.5. Green AreasAccording to Romanian standards, Giurgiu has adeficit of municipal green. Green areas comprise ofparks, squares and recreational open areas. The cityalso has an Alley Park, 15 squares, an open-airswimming pool and two stadiums. Given that thenational average standard is 13 m 2 ofgreen/inhabitant, of which 12 m 2 /inhabitant isplantations and 1 m 2 /inhabitant is sports amenities,results in a deficit of 804.401 m 2 /inhabitant or 10.8m²/inhabitant. Facilities for sports and recreationalactivities are also in a deficit of 10.665 m 2 or 0.14m 2 /inhabitant, an area smaller with one third of theSNG stadium is located in the Free Trade Zone, andtherefore not utilised much.I.2.2.6. UtilitiesWater servicesGiurgiu has a rather favourable standing in terms ofwater supplies. Aquifer layers in the underground areeasily extracted, and ground streams are used forindustrial purposes. The municipality has a centralwater system for household and public consumption.

28MUNICIPALITYa) Water suppliesOnly one underground water source is used for urbanconsumption. Water is extracted by wells: 49 lowdepthwells (H=20÷40m, NHS=10÷15m,Qmed=20÷28mc/h) and 15 high-depth wells(H=200÷600m, NHS=20m, Qmed=50÷200mc/h)scattered throughout the city as follows: Slobozia I andII, Balanoaia, Balanu and Vieru. Each well has aprotection perimeter well defined.b) Connection to the water systemWater is collected through a network of cement andsteel pipelines (Dn 400-Dn 800) to two waterreservoirs with a flow of 250 mc/h (the South andNorth Water Plants). The two stations have waterreserves that cannot be used except in the case ofhazards and have an operational maximum autonomyof 3 h.c) Distribution networkThe network is mixed, ring-shaped and branch-likeand provides water for households, industries,businesses, and public institutions. Water systems,according to their fabrication material and duration ofoperation are:1) 50 years old, with 49,288 ml – Pb, OL, cast iron– with diameters of 20-300 mm;2) 40-50 years old with 24,324 ml – Pb, Ol, castiron – with diameters of 20-275 mm;3) 30-40 years old, with 11,386 ml – Ol, Cement –with diameters of 50-60 mm;4) 20-30 years old with 25,058 ml – Ol, Cement –with diameters of 50-500 mm;5) 10-20 years old with 20,477 ml – Ol, Cement –with diameters of 32-400 mm;6) 5-10 years old with 17,567 ml – Ol – withdiameters of 20-200 mm;7) Less than 5 years old with 8,330 ml – withdiameters of 20-275 mm.For the municipality, the water system is centralisedand administered as follows:- Apartment buildings with a central systemfor hot water – 40,000 residents;Sewerage- Houses with local water heating – 3,000residents;- Zones with backyard fountains – 10,000residents;- Zones with street fountains – 1,600dwellings.The most important characteristic of the territory is thetopography of the land, with slopes and levelvariations between residential areas. The topographyinfluences the sewerage system.a) Residential sewerageThe sewerage collects residential and industrialwastewater. The network covers 40% of themunicipality, and provides sewage collection for 80%of the residents with connection to the water system.- Total area that has connection to sewerageamounts to 550 ha in the residential districtsand 150 ha in the northern industrial parks.- Maximum flow from consumers is estimatedat 38,100 mc/day, which is 90% of theactual water consumption, without side losson the network.- The network is 80 km and consists ofconcrete pipelines with diameters of Dn 200– 1400 mm and some sections with an ovalshape of 50/75 – 75/105 cm.The following measures are necessary:- Increase the capacity of transport forcollectors by processes of de-clogging,particularly for sections on small land slopesthat cannot evacuate wastewaters bythemselves.- Rehabilitate the sections that aredysfunctional and have fractured segments.- Disconnect then reconnect to the seweragesegments of the system that are worn outand release waste water in the pluvialsewerage.b) Pluvial sewerageThe following measures are necessary:

29GIURGIU- Disconnect connections that allow wastewater back into the system;- Set up green protection areas near theholding ponds;- Upgrade the technologies for pumps used atthe holding ponds and the automation oftheir operations.- De-clog sewage deposits from the networkand the holding ponds to increase transportand accumulation capacity.Thermal power and municipal heatinga) Heating systemTo secure the demand for thermal power, and heatingand household hot water, a centralised heating systemwas set up, with thermal power plants for each districtthat is supplied with hot water by CET Giurgiu. Thissolution has proved to be the most advantageous insolving energy demands in Giurgiu.b) Transport networks for primary andsecondary thermal agentsThe total length of the network, which is operated byS.C. Aqua Term S.A. is 23.5 km. 12 km of which hasbeen operating for more than 10 years and has a sideloss of thermal power, water and heat. In 2001, totalloss due to technological malfunctioning was 15.95%.S.C. Termoelectrica S.A. has 38 km (tour and detour)of aerial networks and 17 km (tour and detour) ofunderground networks, of which only 3.4 km haveinsulated pipelines. The rest have mineral cottoninsulation. Wear and tear is 30% for the pipelines and60% for the insulation material.Given the current efforts to prevent energy loss, workto replace segments of the network is critical. Thesystem should offer safety from exploitation and thehydraulic equilibrium must secure necessary waterdebits for consumers (terminus points, PT).c) Thermal unitsIn the municipality, there are 27 thermal units forresidential districts, 18 for apartment buildings ownedby S.C. Aqua Term S.A., 5 units for residential areas,43 for industrial compounds and public institutions and420 for private households that have direct contractswith CET Giurgiu Generally speaking, metering ofconsumption is done at the source of distribution or atthe consumer. In the last few years, residents havestarted to adopt the individual metering ofconsumption.To achieve good transfer between the primary andsecondary agents, modernisation works are requiredand automation of operations so that thermal powerhas the proper quality for residential consumption.Decentralising the consumption in residential districtshas proved to be a viable solution that allowsmonitoring and intervention by the consumer, withoutdisturbing functionality in the system. This solutionwas successfully applied to the Polyclinic District.I.2.2.7. Solid Waste MmanagementCollection and transportation of solid wastes fromresidents and industries is secured by the specialisedservices of the City Hall (89 employees). Collection isdone in an altogether manner, instead of by selectivecollection. Wastes are disposed in an ecologicallyunsustainable landfill near Plantelor Channel, whichhas an area of 6 ha and a degree of filling of 76%. In2000, a total of 73,135 mc were collected anddisposed there. The creation of an environmentallyfriendly landfill is necessary.I.2.2.8. An area Prone to Natural and Human-Induced Hazardsa) An area prone to natural hazards:• Hydro-geological risks (underground streams inthe N-NW of the city), which have a negativeimpact on the ability to build on the land.• Geophysical risks (earthquakes). Giurgiu islocated in an area of seismic risk “D”, withvalues of K s =0.16 and T c =1.5 sec. equivalent toan 8th degree of seismic activity (on the MSKscale).• Hydrological risks (flooding) in the grazing land,near Mocanaşu and Ramadan areas.• Geological risks (settlement of buildings): loesssoils, land heavily compressible and fine dusts,which can generate the phenomena ofliquefying and the phenomena of erosion.

30MUNICIPALITYb) Human-induced risks: industrial activities(Verachim, CET, PECO, the Acetylene Factory) thatcan be sources of pollution, poor management ofhousehold refuse, ballast exploitations in the Danuberiverbed, and intensive hunting).I.2.3. SOCIAL CAPITALI.2.3.1. Population Structure and DemographicTrendsI.2.2.9. Land Use Management in the Built-inAreasCadastral status in the municipality has been carriedout for 42% of the territory. The following areas are inpublic property: 58.48 ha for national interestpurposes, 12.74 ha for county purposes and 151.04ha for local interests.I.2.2.10. Town-Planning and Local CulturalHeritageCultural heritage is divided as real estate with culturalvalue, museums and memorials. In the first category,there are a few landmarks (i.e. the archaeological siteon Malul Rosu, the late medieval complex of theCitadel, the Clock Tower and the Tabie) and the oldcity area (with monuments of local importance andsegments of the street network).The mobile assets are composed of museums andcollections, including projects for new museums. Thelast category is composed of buildings and sites ofmemorial importance and commemorative publicplaces.Population as of 1 January 2000- total = 2,632of which:- steady population = 72,466- females = 37,282- males = 35,184- temporary residents = 514The steady population of Giurgiu is 24.5% of theoverall population of the county. Compared to 1998when there were 72,763 inhabitants, in 1999 therewere 131 less inhabitants in line with the nationaltendency.Population projections of the city draw on the followingelements:- Number and sex ratio of the populationbetween 1930–1992;- Characteristics of the population evolutionbetween 1912-1995;- Characteristics of natural movement andmigration of the population between 1980-1994;- Future development and living standards ofthe city (jobs, revenues, infrastructure).Thus, changes will occur as the population migrates(no longer from village to town but the other wayround); and massive layoffs may cause people toreturn to their origins.The main factor in a possible demographic growth willbe the population growth rate. The number of fertilefemales, in 1992 and the migration from the citybetween 2004-2010 remains the same; efficientpolicies will positively impact the life expectancy atbirth, the population growth rate will increase and themortality rate will decline.

31GIURGIUPopulation Projections for Giurgiu:- Thousand persons -Population19922004 2010CompositionScenarioScenarioOptimistic Pessimistic Optimistic PessimisticTotal population 74.00 77.00 74.00 80.00 75.00Sex ratio- males 36.00 37.50 36.00 38.80 36.50- females 38.00 39.50 38.00 41.20 38.50Composition by age groups0 – 14 17.40 17.00 15.30 17.50 15.5015 - 59 47.60 50.30 19.50 52.00 50.2060 and over 9.10 9.70 9.20 10.50 9.303 – 19 19.10 19.30 18.70 20.00 18.80The social and economic composition of thepopulation depends on the development of economicactivities. It is a major factor and gives the generalactivity rate, the employment rate and the structure byeconomic activities for all levels of professionaltraining. Here are the projections as to thecomposition of the active population and ofemployment by activities of the national economy:a) Composition by activities of the national economy of the city’s active population:EconomicActivity1992- Thousand persons -2004 2010ScenarioScenarioOptimistic Pessimistic Optimistic PessimisticPrimary sector - agriculture,forestry, fisheries 1.17 2.35 3.35 1.27 2.32Overall activity rate (%) 1.58 3.05 4.77 1.59 3.09Secondary sector - industryand construction 19.75 16.52 6.71 15.00 14.60Overall activity rate (%) 26.69 21.45 9.07 18.75 19.46Tertiary sector - trade andservices 13.00 16.00 19.77 21.06 17.48Overall activity rate (%) 17.57 20.78 26.72 26.33 23.30Persons looking foremployment 1.38 1.83 5.29 1.17 1.80Overall activity rate (%) 1.86 2.38 7.14 1.45 2.41Total active population 35.30 36.70 35.30 38.50 36.20Overall activity rate (%) 47.70 47.66 47.70 48.12 48.26Total population 74.00 77.00 74.00 80.00 75.00

32MUNICIPALITYThe overall activity rate is projected to grow especially in the tertiary sector compensating for the significant decline inthe secondary sector (industry and construction).b) Projected employment composition by activities of the national economyEconomicActivity1992- Thousand persons -2004 2010ScenarioScenarioOptimistic Pessimistic Optimistic PessimisticPrimary sector - agricultureforestry, fisheries 1.15 2.35 3.50 1.30 2.10Overall employment rate (%) 1.52 3.05 4.72 1.63 2.80Secondary sector - industryand construction 18.75 16.50 6.70 15.10 13.90Overall employment rate (%) 25.30 21.42 9.05 18.88 18.53Tertiary sector - trade andservices 12.20 16.05 18.10 20.20 16.55Overall employment rate (%) 16.48 20.85 24.47 25.24 22.07Total employed population 32.10 34.90 28.30 36.60 32.55Overall employment rate (%) 43.30 45.32 38.24 45.75 43.40Total population 74.00 77.00 74.00 80.00 75.00The overall employment rate follows the samedevelopment trend as the economic activities: anincrease in the tertiary sector (trade and services) anda decline in the other two sectors, primary (agriculture,forestry, fisheries) and secondary (industry andconstruction).Ukrainians 9Bulgarians 6Jews 5Aromanians 7Other nationalities 34I.2.3.2. Ethnic StructureAs ethnic groups take up a small share of the overallpopulation, ethnic conflicts are least probable.Population composition by nationalities according tothe 1992 census:Total Inhabitants: 74,191Romanians 71,225Rroma 2,827Hungarians 60Germans 18I.2.3.3. Human Resource FormationProfessional trainingThe active population projected for future economicactivities draws upon the 7-19 years age groupcurrently in the education system.The redistribution of an active population is carried outthrough retraining the unemployed or by redirectingyoung people to required specialisations.

33GIURGIUPopulation projection for pre-school and school population in Giurgiu:Age Groupsin theEducation SystemU.M. 19922004 2010ScenarioScenarioOptimistic Pessimistic Optimistic Pessimistic3 – 6 % 10.20 19.90 15.00 25.00 18.60Pers. 1,428 3,000 1,965 4,500 2,6007 – 14 % 61.10 49.00 55.00 47.50 52.10pers. 8,554 7,400 7,205 8,000 7,30015 – 19 % 28.70 31.10 30.00 27.50 29.30pers. 4,018 4,700 3,930 5,500 4,100Total Population % 100 100 100 100 100Thou. pers. 14.00 15.10 13.10 18.00 14.00Percentage Total 3-19 % 73.30 78.25 70.00 90.00 74.50Total Population % 100 100 100 100 100Between 3-19 years Thou. pers. 19.10 19.30 18.70 20.00 18.80Projection of the active population by activities of the national economyEconomicU.M. 1992 Medium Term 2004 Long Term 2010ActivityScenarioScenarioOptimistic Pessimistic Optimistic PessimisticActive population loc. 35,298 36,695 35,298 38,480 36,190total of which: % 100 100 100 100 100Agriculture % 3.04 6.09 9.69 3.00 6.10Forestry % 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.18 0.19Fisheries % 0.10 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.11Industry % 49.54 38.00 14.00 30.00 32.30Construction % 6.39 7.00 5.00 9.00 8.00Trade, public food services,hotels % 9.03 13.50 12.00 14.00 13.00Transportation % 7.09 8.00 8.50 8.80 8.50Telecommunications % 2.30 2.50 2.80 2.70 2.60Finances, banking, insurance % 1.25 2.00 2.80 2.80 1.80Research, development,computer science and othereconomic activities and services. % 1.98 1.40 1.40 1.60 1.50Municipal public services % 6.67 7.30 8.00 9.00 7.60Public administration % 5.47 5.65 9.25 9.20 7.30Culture, sport, tourism % 1.15 1.25 1.25 2.90 2.50Public services and otheractivities % 1.88 2.00 10.00 3.70 3.50Persons looking for employment % 3.93 5.00 15.00 3.00 5.00

34MUNICIPALITYThe projection shows a large number of specialists inindustry and a sufficient active population in thetertiary sector (health, tourism, trade, customs, publicsafety and national defence).These new activities will determine a systematic,organised development, capitalising on the existinghuman potential.Adult educationThere are several training possibilities for persons thatleft the formal education system and/or are looking foremployment, such as, continuous training; thesetraining activities can be categorized as follows:Persons Undertaking 19922004 2010TrainingScenarioScenarioOptimistic Pessimistic Optimistic PessimisticTraining 148 160 115 110 100Re-training 51 90 45 140 100Upgrading skills 40 50 40 250 200TOTAL 239 300 200 500 400I.2.3.4. Social AssistanceThe main services provided by the City Hall social department are:SOCIAL BENEFITSEMERGENCY BENEFITBIRTH INDEMNITIESFOOD AT THE SOCIALCANTEENS1998 1999 2000Submitted files 216 203 112Rejected files 9 14 8Paid amount (Lei) 1,966,000,000 967,000,000 970,900,090Submitted files 3 14 21Approved files 3 10 6Paid amount (Lei) 6,000,000 10,900,000 8,068,000Submitted 200 188 167Paid amount (Lei) 55,781,104 65,712,900 64,393,000Portions 280 240 450Amount allocated forfood (Lei)884,360,589 965,533,027 1,541,956,270SUBSIDIES FOR HEAT ANDPOWER EXPENSES FOR THESubmitted requests 4,800 11,211 16,097POPULATION Paid amount (Lei) 4,145,632,000 2,196,878,938 3,840,569,180REQUESTS FOR SHELTER INSOCIAL HOMESRequests 11 8 6STATE ALLOWANCE Requests 638 645 529ADDITIONAL BENEFITSRequests (submittedand solved)338 162 131A viable partnership between the nongovernmentalorganisations and the Social Aid Service to deal withcurrent social problems is a priority. Local authoritiescannot solve all social cases with their own means.Local public financing is scarce. Charity institutions orsocial protection measures could be set up by

35GIURGIUmobilising local resources – NGOs, religious cults,volunteers.Disabled personsIn 2001 there were 766 disabled persons (of which358 were minors) registered in the State RegionalInspectorate for Disabled People as follows: 120minors with neuro-psychic diseases, 124 minors withAIDS, 33 minors with physical disabilities, 12 minorswith auditory diseases, 32 minors with an associateddisability, 6 minors with somatic disease 6, and 26minors with other diseases.51 mentally disabled children are enrolled at GiurgiuSpecial School. Most mentally disabled children comefrom poor families, which have as unique income the(insufficient) double allowance and companion wages.This income does not allow them to providerecuperation to their own disabled children. A day carecentre is compulsory for disabled children and it iswhere they can benefit from services and the advice ofphysicians, psychologists, logopaedists,kinotherapists, etc., who will help them integrate intosociety. There is no non-governmental organisationpromoting the rights of the disabled children inGiurgiu.Retired peopleThere are 12,555 retired persons in Giurgiu from thepublic sector and 1,437 war veterans. The number ofretired persons is steadily growing.At the city level, there is a senior citizens’ Council, aretired persons’ Club with a reading room andorganised recreational activities and trips. The MutualAid House of the retired persons has 12,360members. The County Pension House distributestickets for watering cures and rest, partly financed bythe State budget.I.2.3.5. Public HealthPublic health systemHealth care institutions in Giurgiu ensure medicalassistance both for the city population and for asignificant number of the county population, withoutcovering the entire range of medical services.Health Care Units in Giurgiu:County Hospital- number of beds 448- number of hospital departments 10- number of sections 4Medical clinic with 21 surgeriesUrban medical clinic with 18 family surgeriesPrivate surgeriesSurgeries 21Dentist’s surgeries 11Ecographic laboratories 1Dental laboratories 4Private pharmacies 10 + Hospital Pharmacy + 1 pharmaceutical pointMedical staff in the city: 87 physicians, 20 dentists, 515 auxilliary medical staff, 17 pharmaceutical chemists.

36MUNICIPALITYStatistics on Public Health in 2000 and 2001:Demographic IndicatorsYear 2000 Year 2001C. Abs. % C. Abs. %Birth rate 599 8.3 593 8.2Mortality 626 8.6 703 9.8Population growth rate -27 -0.3 -110 -1.6Infant mortality rate 4 6.7 4 6.7Pregnant Women RecordNewly registered pregnant women 339 358Precocious track (I-III months) 41.2 of total 67.5 of totalRegistered pregnant women 144 136Abortions in the Hospital and Private SurgeriesAbortionsYear 2000 Year 2001C. Abs. % Live-Births C. Abs. % Live-BirthsTOTAL 560 934,9 780 1315,3Requested abortions 295 492,5 560 944,3Spontaneous abortions 265 442,4 390 657,7Infant Mortality by Age GroupInfant Mortality by Age Group2000 2001C. Abs. % Born Alive C. Abs. % Born Alive0 – 6 days (Precocious infant mortality) 3 5.0 2 3.30 – 27 days (Neonatal infant mortality) 3 5.0 2 3.328 days – 12 months (Postnatal infantmortality) 1 1.7 - -Infant Mortality due to Health ProblemsHealth Problem2000 2001C. Abs. % Born Alive C. Abs. % Born AliveRespiratory illnesses 1 25.0 2 50.0Digestive tract problems - - - -

37GIURGIUCongenital malformations 1 25.0 1 25.0Illnesses in the post natal stage 2 50.0 1 25.0General MortalityAge Groups2000 2001C. Abs. % C. Abs. %0 – 1 years 4 0.6 4 0.51 – 4 years - - 1 0.15 – 15 years 9 1.3 7 1.616 – 59 years 75 11.9 81 11.560 – 69 years 115 18.3 131 18.6Over 70 423 67.5 474 67.7Type of Illness2000 2001C. Abs. % C. Abs. %Cardiovascular problems 435 69.5 494 70.2Respiratory diseases 49 7.8 31 4.4Digestive tract problems 24 3.9 36 5.1Tumours 68 10.8 87 12.9Accidents 19 3.0 23 3.3Others 31 5.0 32 4.1Morbidity2000 2001T.B.C. C. Abs. % C. Abs. %Newly registered patients 75 103.8 89 123.7Re-admitted patients 12 16.6 16 22.2Patients under monitoring 108 - 114 -Cancer2000 2001C. Abs. % C. Abs. %Newly registered patients 152 210.5 177 246.1Patients under monitoring 717 - 680 -Patients with Chronic IllnessesItem no. Prevalence 2000 20011 Diabetes 823 9922 Epilepsy 59 603 Increased blood pressure 1,255 1,2974 Chronic heart problems 604 6135 Chronic lung problems 40 36

38MUNICIPALITYItem no. Prevalence 2000 20016 Brain-vascular problems 136 1487 Chronic obstructive lung diseases 178 1718 Hepatic cirrhosis 109 1159 Ulcer problems 111 8810 Urinary incontinence 26 31Contagious Diseases2000 2001C. Abs. % C. Abs. %Dysentery 3 4.1 13 18.0Viral hepatitis 9 12.4 8 11.1German measles 4 5.5 24 33.3Convulsive cough - - - -Chicken pox 8 11.0 158 219.7Epidemic peritonitis 2 2.7 21 29.2Scab - - 19 26.4Acute diarrhoea 79 109.4 232 322.6I.2.3.6. EducationEducation in Giurgiu is carried out on different cycles and levels as follows:EDUCATION No. of Institutions No. of Students No. of TeachersPre-school 13 1,249 68Primary and secondary 9 7,461 374High school 6 3,816 270Theological seminar 1 151 9Professional 4 1,277 104Post-high school, sanitaryUCECOM- chemistry“ION BARBU” – NavalSpecial 1 105 21Academic, of which:Two branches of Pitesti University and ASEBucharest, and UNITEH private university 3 571 47TOTAL 41 14,874 945Other institutions:The Arts SchoolThe Sports ClubChildren’s Palace11111119431191002903782,4741811716211121

39GIURGIUMost teachers in the pre-academic educational systemhave teaching degrees I and II.Professional education provides training for thefollowing jobs: manufacturer, shop seller, operator inthe chemical industry, operator in hydro-vulcanisation,house painter-decorator, tile and brick-decorator,general construction, electrician in construction, navalofficer electric-mechanic, operator for sanitaryinstallations, mechanic for construction, operator forrefurbishing works, locksmith, mechanic for motorvehicles, cook, worker in environmental protection,constructor for monolithic structures, insulatingoperator, electrical operator for power lines andtransformer of energy.Giurgiu high schools trains students in:• Literature and foreign languages; socialsciences; mathematics and computer science;natural sciences; technology; teaching; libraryservices and documentation; finances andaccounting; food services and tourism;commerce and services; public administration;environmental protection;And for the following jobs:• Laboratory operator; mechanic for metallicconstructions; mechanic for motor vehicles;naval engine operator; assistant for IToperations; and automation andtelecommunications operator.Graduates from post-high school education specialisefor the following jobs:• Medical assistant; accounting and bankingassistant; secretary; telecommunicationsoperator; technician for constructions; and portoperators.Academic education offers degrees in:• Economics and business administration;teaching French and English; real estate andpublic administration; administration of the freetrade zones; customs administration; tourismand services; environmental protection; qualityof products and services.Someone with a high school education can provideservices in the following fields:Item no.FIELD OF ACTIVITY1. Computer operation2. Computer operator for WINDOWS 98, WORD 97-98, EXCEL 97-98, NORTON COMMANDER3. Computer operator for FOX-PRO4. Introduction to e-mail and Internet5. Computerised editing6. Driving lessons for B and C licenses7. Motorway and naval transport for short distances8. Planning of sportive and festive activities9. Boat rental10. Maintenance of cars, and buildings; mechanical and locksmith works; maintenance of sanitary and thermalheating installations; maintenance of teaching facilities; electrical-technical works.11. Chemical laboratory assistant12. Flower growing13. Textile manufacturing14. Cooking15. Maintenance of electronic appliances16. Works for metallic constructionsSchool groups can also provide the following:• Execution of simple works for metalliccomponents, furniture, metallic processing ofwelded parts;• Typing, maintenance of archives anddocumentation, cultural instructor, instructor forpreservation of the national heritage.

40MUNICIPALITYCompared to the 1999-2000 academic year, in 2001-2002 the total number of students dropped by 568.During the same period of time, high school enrolmentwent up by 295 students. All the spaces in the highschools and professional schools were filled. At theend of the academic year, the rate of graduation was94.4% (85% for entrance examination and 89% forbaccalaureate).We would like to highlight some of the strong andweak points of the education system:STRONG POINTS• The introduction of IT, foreign languages, andRomanian grammar and literature for a higher numberof hours.•• 90% of the teachers have the qualifications “B” and“FB”.• School curriculum has been revised• Working groups from the municipality take part in anational reform campaign for educational curriculum.WEAK POINTS• Insufficient number of specialised teachers in thesefields. There is no definite policy yet with regards retrainingsome teachers in new specialities (IT andforeign languages).• There are some “S” qualifications.• Some fields of study have a very dense curriculumcompared to the number of hours (Romanian,mathematics, physics)• Too many textbooks for some fields of study.• The textbooks are too expensive.• Specialised teachers are trained in the curriculum. • Not all teachers receive further specialised training.• Counselling on career opportunities.•• Economic difficulties infringe upon the professionalperspectives of the youth.• Teaching methods are correlated with local resources. • Obsolete and insufficient teaching materials.• Teaching personnel have job descriptions andevaluation forms.• Lessons are not computer-assisted because theMinistry of Education did not provide the requiredsoftware.• Assessment of the quality of teaching is not diversified.• Too many assessment-forms for school principals.I.2.3.7. Culture and Mass MediaMost cultural activities are administered by countyinstitutions: the Directorate for Culture, Cults andNational Cultural Heritage; I.A. Bassarabescu Library;Teohari Antonescu Museums (with archaeological,historical, and cultural history sections); Valah Teatre;the Centre for Preservation and Valuation of PopularTraditions and Arts; Art School; and the Arts Hall.Ion Vinea Cultural House and the Philharmonic (one ofthe youngest professional institutions for music in thecountry) are subordinated to the Local Council. TheCultural House organises sessions on performing artsand leisure activities, and has a Popular Universityand a Zone Centre for Adult Education. Children canattend Victor Karpis School for Music and Fine Arts.The municipality has 23 libraries, a cinema, an artgallery, a Cultural House for the Border Patrols, and 7bookstores. Mass media outlets comprise of one cableTV studio, one radio station, one daily newspaper, 6weekly magazines and other periodicals.Places of worship in the city consist of 7 Orthodoxchurches, one Roman-Catholic parish, one Baptist,one Adventist and one Pentecostal church. TheRomanian Orthodox Church intends to establish anew episcopacy, located in Giurgiu.I.2.3.8. Sports and LeisureGiurgiu has poor infrastructure for sports activities.There are only a few sports centres in schools and atraining and competition centre with a municipalstadium, provide opportunities for sports and leisure.The status of the two stadiums in Giurgiu is:

41GIURGIUZONES FOR SPORTS AND LEISUREItemNo.NameQuality of Area at PresentArea NecessaryFacilities M 2 M 2 /inhab. M 2 M 2 /inhab.1. Sugar Factory Stadium Bad 31,000 0.62 - -2. SNG Stadium Bad 15,000 - - -Total 46,000 0.62 74,000 1.00There is a deficit of 28,000m 2 for the municipality.I.2.3.9. Civil SocietyData provided by the Giurgiu Court indicates that 30NGOs have been established in the municipality since1990. Out of all these organisations, only a few areactually active: Ion Vinea Youth Association, GreenWhite and Wild Association, Concordia Association,Romanian Scouts-Giurgiu branch, Licurici Association,Open Doors Cultural Foundation, Saint GeorgeFoundation, New Alliance Ecologist Society, and Helpyour Neighbour Association. To date, only projects atthe local level and with minimum financing have beenundertaken, due to the weak development of the NGOsector.I.2.3.10. Public SafetyPublic safety in the city is secured by the municipalpolice force (184 police officers) and the PublicGuardians (78 officers). In 2001, efforts were madetowards preventive actions, particularly in publicplaces. Co-operation between the law enforcementagents was more efficient and no specific problemswere reported. The city has a special fire brigade andthe required equipment for rapid intervention.I.2.3.11. Civil ProtectionThe Inspectorate for Civil Protection is a departmentwithin the City Hall, which was established accordingto Law no.106/1996, Law for civil protection, Lawno.124/1995 for protection against disasters and H.G.no. 222/1997 for evacuation of residents in case of adisaster.The Inspectorate carries out its activities via 16specialised committees for various fields. In themunicipality, there are commissions for civil protectionoperating within 53 industrial businesses and publicinstitutions. All of them have inspectors for civilprotection and units for emergency intervention in thecase of a disaster.Population notification is carried out by specific meansof communication such as telephone lines, a radiostation, and Motorola receivers, all located at thecommand centre.■

42MUNICIPALITY

43GIURGIUII. OBJECTIVES, SCENARIOS ANDPOLICIESII.1. CONTEXTObjectives pertaining to sustainable development inGiurgiu take into account the two stages ofurbanisation that occurred over the last 50 years. Thefirst stage, from the 1950s to the 1980s, wascharacterised by an accelerated expansion of the realestate, following on the development of the goodsprocessing industry. Rapid urbanisation negativelyimpacted the urban design, habitat, local culture andenvironment, and subsequently led to a process of deurbanisation.The second stage began in 1990 andcarried on previous problems that aggravated overtime. Moreover, slow economic restructuring led tozero population growth.Similar urbanisation patterns could be observed inother urban settings in Central and Eastern Europeand in several peripheral EU countries (the so-called“cohesion” countries: Spain, Portugal and Greece).Noticeably, urbanisation was slower in Europeancountries with a peripheral, unstructured economy,and more rapid in areas with a strong economy,particularly in the tertiary sector of research andeducation. Rapid and profound structural changesfostered the formation of three well-developed,regenerating types of urban settings: i) old core inBelgium, the United Kingdom, north-eastern France,Luxembourg, Holland, northern Germany andDenmark; ii) new core in southern Germany, northernItaly, south-eastern France, central and eastern Spain;iii) periphery in the rest of Spain, Greece, southernItaly, Portugal, western France and Ireland 1 .Generally speaking, development or regeneration ofan urban settlement is significantly correlated withchanges in the structure of the economy, populationand local culture. Along the same lines, developmentof an urban setting is to a great extent influenced byadequate management practices focusing on fourmain targets: infrastructure development and provisionof public access to this infrastructure; affordablehousing; environmental protection; and fightingpoverty. At the same time, urbanisation must take intoaccount the limited availability of resources (human,natural and financial), and that this might preventauthorities from managing all the problems of acommunity. Urban development must also correlatethe careful distribution of resources and avoid the”crowding out” effect (increased public expenditurescause a decrease in private investment). Publicauthorities must constantly evaluate investmentopportunities, not only in relation to the availability ofcurrent and future financial resources, but also as afunction of the community agenda. Authorities shouldfoster a sense of responsibility in individuals and thecommunity, and promote partnerships in projects forlocal development.Last but not least, urban development is correlatedwith the redefinition of urban design. Urban culturaltraditions and social equilibrium have been profoundlyaffected by the architectural approach to civilengineering from 1950s to 1980s and by the kitschconstructions of the 1990s. Urban landscaping mustbe completely redefined, so as to incorporatearchitectural features specific to the respective regionor architectural styles of Western influence.1European Sustainable Cities: European Urban Systems:Chapter 2, sec.4. Expert Group on the Urban Environment,European Commission, Directorate General XI, Environment,Nuclear Safety and Civil Protection, Brussels, March, 1996.

44MUNICIPALITYII.2. GENERAL OBJECTIVES:Main objectives for achieving sustainabledevelopment in Giurgiu are:• Economic development in compliance withmajor tendencies of the European Community;• Development of infrastructure and the provisionof free access to all interested parties to thisinfrastructure (water, electricity, natural gas,transportation);• Affordable housing;• Environmental protection;• Fighting poverty;• Urban regeneration (the natural fund, the oldcity and historical buildings outside the old cityarea and the refurbishment of the buildingfacades);• Polarising role for the neighbouring rural areas;• Undertaking responsibility towards sociallydisadvantaged people.II.3. PRINCIPLESPrinciples for urban management - applied to thefive objectives - in compliance with principles forsustainable development presented in the“European Sustainable Cities, Brussels, 1996”report, the Bremen Declaration, 1997, and theAmsterdam TreatyAn urban setting is not a closed system, and theaccomplishment of the five general objectives is basedon principles for urban management to foster urbandevelopment and/or regeneration. Consequently,policies, strategic urban planning, and implementationof programmes and projects will comply with thefollowing principles:- Sustainable development that will bring, inthe long run, major attitude and culturalchange towards sustainable use of naturalresources;- Building institutional capacity based onefficient management, and restructuredpublic services in correlation with currentfinancial resources, objectives ofsustainable development and thecommunity agenda;- Municipal twinning to provide informationexchange among municipalities on bestavailable practices for urban or projectmanagement;- Developing partnerships between public andprivate institutions to co-operate on projectsand programmes;- Completing projects and programmes whichthe private sector cannot complete on itsown;- Integrating policies on the horizontal (toachieve simultaneous synergy amongvarious sectors) and the vertical (to correlateand integrate policies for development of thecity with those of the county and the region);- Management of resources, which assumesintegration of energy, economic, financialand human resources and also theintegration of energy and economicresources in a natural cycle;- Free-market approaches to achievesustainable development: issue regulationson eco-taxes and public utilities based onfree-market principles; assess any potentialinvestment function of criteria forenvironmental protection; and incorporateenvironmental protection issues in thedrafting of the local budget;- Decentralise management of the energyindustry;- Sustainable urban landscaping will complywith regulations on construction materials,building design, bio-climate, the extent ofbuild-up in a given area, spatial orientationof housing, green zones around buildings,microclimate and energy efficiency;- Carry out programmes or projects to restorecultural heritage of a certain group and/ortraditions of the local community as a whole.These programmes would not infringe uponcultural values and traditions of any socialgroup within the community;- Ban multiplication of public services if theydid not meet a certain community need;

45GIURGIU- Regulate land use and management incompliance with provisions set in theLandscaping Master Plan;- Analysis of technical capacities for projectexecution;- Evaluation of efficient utilisation of humanand financial resources;- Evaluation of financial viability with aprogramme or project function of estimatedrevenues;- Identification of community needs andpriorities and then correlating them with thecommunity agenda with new programmesand projects;- Evaluation of the needs of the sociallydisadvantaged groups and the municipalcapacity to secure affordable housing, jobsand basic public services;- Environmental protection;- Carry out programmes and projects inpartnership with the private sector or offerincentives for the private sector to take overinvestments expenses, provided that theprogramme or project will turn profitable;- Disseminate information that pertains to aspecific investment (local topography,statistics on local and regional economy,regulations for urban development, andnational and regional landscaping plans).Principles for rehabilitating or ensuringsustainable human settlements to comply with theLandscaping Master Plan, according to the HabitatAgenda, Istanbul, 1996:- Integrated land zoning, so that everyresidential district will consist of housing(individually-owned houses or apartmentbuildings of specific architectural systems);buildings used for commercial purposes;parking lots; school buildings andinfrastructure for public utilities;- Residential areas will comprise of a diversityof buildings;- Buildings that are part of the nationalheritage will undergo (indoor and outdoor)refurbishing works without altering initialarchitectural design. Buildings with historicalvalue will not be transformed or demolishedby any means.- Residential zones will include amultifunctional central area, to combinecommercial, civic, cultural, and leisureactivities;- Residential zones will include open commonspaces such as squares, green areas andparks;- These open common spaces will have afunctional design so as to encourageoutdoor group activities and communitycohesion;- Pedestrian walks and bicycle tracks will belaid out in residential districts except for theold city centre;- Natural lands—forests, flora and stillwaters—will be preserved and possiblyintegrated in planned parks;- Communities will have to comply withresource conservation and waste reductionregulations;- Communities will use water suppliesrationally;- Landscaping plans (i.e. orientation of streetsystem and placement of buildings) willpromote energy efficiency.II.4. LEGISLATIONInternational acts and documents:- Local Agenda 21, 1992- The Fifth European CommunityEnvironmental Action Programme –“Towards Sustainability” - a comprehensiveapproach of the EU activities concerningurban issues, comparative urban data andindicators, and the implementation ofinitiatives pertaining to Local Agenda 21- Aalborg Charter (Charter of European Citiesand Towns Towards Sustainability),approved by the participants at theEuropean Conference for cities and

46MUNICIPALITYsustainable settlements, (Aalborg, Denmark,1994)- Lisbon Action Plan for the implementation ofthe Aalborg Charter and the Local Agenda21- “European Sustainable Cities” report,Brussels, 1996- The Bremen Declaration (1997) thatestablishes the principles for the partnershipbetween business and municipalityregarding sustainable development of thecities- “Urban Sustainable Development in theEuropean Union: A framework for action”(1998)- The Hanover Call of the municipal leadersfrom cities and towns in 36 Europeancountries, adopted at the Third EuropeanConference on Sustainable Cities andTowns, Hanover, Germany, 9-12 February,2000- The Bremen Declaration – Business andMunicipality, New Partnerships for the 21 stCentury- Green Paper – Environmental Issues,European Commission, 2000- Charter of the Architectural Heritage,adopted by the Council of Europe in- October 1975- Community Action Plan concerning CulturalHeritage (1994)- Art.151 of the Treaty of Amsterdamamending the Treaty on the EuropeanUnion, the treaties establishing theEuropean Communities and certain relatedacts – conservation and development of thecommon cultural heritage, preservingdiversity- Art.6 of the Treaty establishing theEuropean Communities – environmentalprotection has to be contained in allcommunity policies and activities.Internal legislation:- Law on local public administration no.215/2001- Law on public services for communalhusbandry no. 326/2001- Law no. 27/1994 concerning local taxes- Law no. 189/1998 concerning local publicfinance- Law no. 350/2001 concerning zoning andtown planning- Law no. 71/1996 concerning the approval ofthe National Landscaping Master Plan,Section I – Communications- Law no. 171/1997 concerning the approvalof the National Landscaping Master Plan,Section II – Water- Law no. 5/ concerning the approval of theNational Landscaping Master Plan, SectionIII – protected areas- Law no. 351/ concerning the approval of theNational Landscaping Master Plan, SectionIV – the network of towns and cities- Law no.575/2001 concerning the approval ofthe National Landscaping Master Plan,Section V – areas prone to natural hazards- Law no. 10/1995 concerning standards forquality within the construction industry- GO no. 20/1994 on measures to mitigate theseismic risk with buildings, re-published- Law no. 460/2001 amending and completingGovernment Ordinance no. 20/1994 onmeasures to mitigate seismic risk withbuildings- GO no. 244/2000 concerning dam safety,approved by Law no. 466/2001- GO no. 65/2001 concerning theestablishment and the functioning ofindustrial parks- Housing Law no. 114 of 11 October 1996,re-published- Law no. 422/2001 concerning thepreservation of historical monuments- Law no. 10/2001 concerning the legal statusof buildings abusively appropriated between6 March 1945 - 22 December 1989- Law no. 213/1998 concerning publicproperty and its legal status- Law no. 219/1998 concerning the regime ofconcessions

47GIURGIU- Law no. 41/1995 for the approval ofGovernment Ordinance no. 68/1994concerning the protection of the nationalcultural heritage- Law no. 56/1998 for the approval ofGovernment Ordinance no. 24/1997 onamending and completing GovernmentOrdinance no. 68/1994 concerning theprotection of the national cultural heritage,approved by Law no. 41/1995- GO no. 43/2000 concerning the protection ofthe archaeological heritage and theproclaiming of archaeological sites as areasof national interest, approved by the Law no.378/2001- GO no. 47/2000 on protection measures forhistorical monuments that are part of theWorld Heritage, approved by Law no.564/2001- Education Law no. 84/1995 *** Re-published- Law no. 133/2000 for the approval ofGovernment Ordinance no. 102/1998concerning continuous professional trainingwithin the educational system- Law no. 33/1995 for the ratification of theConvention-framework on national minorityprotection, Strasbourg, February 1995- Law no. 48/2002 for the approval ofGovernment Ordinance no. 137/2000 onprevention and punishment of all forms ofdiscrimination- Environmental Protection Law no. 137/1995*** Re-published- Law of the Waters no. 107 of 25 September1996- E.O. no. 236/2000 concerning the status ofprotected nature reserves, and thepreservation of natural habitats, wild floraand fauna- Law no. 426/2001 for the approval of theGovernment Emergency Ordinance no.78/2000 concerning residential andindustrial waste production- Law no. 465/2001 for the approval of theGovernment Emergency Ordinance no.16/2001 concerning solid wastemanagement- Law no. 655/2001 for the approval of theGovernment Emergency Ordinance no.243/2000 on the protection of theatmosphere.II.5. PUBLIC HEALTHStarting from the evaluation of the health status, thefollowing strategic objectives can be defined:• Increase life expectancy;• Decrease morbidity;• An efficient sanitary system;• Equitable access to health services;• Change the mentality of the medical stafftoward an improved health performance.Incidences of professional illnesses decreased in thecity, but the standard of life maintains and promotesthe same prevalence of illnesses (the main chronic illsdiagnosed are cardio-vascular, cancer and lungillnesses).Specific objectives:• Increase the efficiency of the existing hospitals,including emergency services;• Endow the hospitals with the most appropriateequipment;• Set up or restore the medical facilities in theschools;• Support the private health sector, by creatinglocal facilities including pharmacies in thesuburbs of the city;• Involve the community in keeping the doctors inthe city and in fund raising;• All the assets of the Health and Family Ministryfrom Giurgiu County must be handed over tothe local authorities, in order to improve thequality of the medical services;• Focus local efforts on aspects of familyplanning and children health;• Promote a healthy life style by increasing thequality of the primary health services and bysubscribing each citizen to a family doctor;

48MUNICIPALITY• Insure the public services which influencepersonal hygiene (access to a sufficientquantity of high quality drinking water) for allcitizens of the city;• Involve NGOs and the media in educating andinforming people about the risks of smoking,using alcohol and drugs and the dangers ofsedentary lifestyle.II.6. EducationThe main objective of the sustainable developmentstrategy is to improve the human resources trainingprocess and to ensure an appropriate cultural level forall citizens. From this main objective emerge the localoperational objectives:• Ensure a professional teaching and culturalmanagement;• Ensure the necessary funds, from the localbudget and other local sources, for anappropriate teaching process in the existingschools (access to drinking water, sewage andcentral heating, endow with adequate furniture);• Reshape and improve the buildings of theexisting schools and yards and ensure thefunds for periodic repairs;• Build IT laboratories and connect all theexisting schools to electronic communication;• Build sport fields and halls for the existingschools and endow them with the necessaryequipment, finish the covered swimming pool ofSchool No. 8 and build a polyvalent hall;• Include all children of required age in theteaching system;• Take active measures to eliminate abandonedschools and reintegrate those children whoabandoned them;• Build an International Master Centre;• Support the activities made in the Pupils Club;• Support and diversify the educational andleisure activities made by the Culture Houseand other institutions;• Develop the educational components for theenvironmental protection of all age groups;• Restore the Nicola Balanescu Atheneum andmake it the cultural centre it was before 1940;• Develop efficient methods for permanenteducation;• Develop the book fund of the Municipal Libraryand create an electronic database;• Support, from both local budget andsponsorship, the activities of the Philarmony,Valah Theatre and Teoharie AntonescuMuseum;• Capitalise on the educational potential of thelocal monuments;• Ensure the continuity of the traditional culturalevents (festivals, contents of folklore, music,theatre, literature and visual arts);• Keep specific handicraft traditions;• Develop international cooperation, including theneighbours and Romanian community existingin the south of the Danube River.II.7. ECONOMICAL GROWTHThe sustainable development of the municipalityimposes an efficient use of resources in the conditionsof environmental protection. For a better use ofexisting resources and also in order to ensureappropriate conditions for economic growth in thelocality, the main objectives are:a) Develop, upgrade and extend theinfrastructure, pointing out throughout theopportunities offered by the geo-strategicposition of the municipality:• Build an emergency route on the “ring road” tolink the future “express road” Bucharest-Giurgiuand the bridge over the Danube, ferry lines andnorth-south industrial platforms;• Modernise the railways, especially the parkingareas and the connections with the industrialplatforms and harbour area;

49GIURGIU• Modernise the harbour area by developing aspecific harbour for passengers, merchandise,sports and tourism in such way that Giurgiubecomes an important point betweenRotterdam and Constanţa and also servesBucharest city;• Build a network for natural gas, which willenhance the economic attraction of the city withthis new energy resource;• Modernise and extend the public infrastructure,which will enhance economic activities byensuring the necessary utilities for all, new andold enterprises.b) Support the development of new economicactivities linked to local resources andtraditions, increase and modernise the existingones, and enhance local business, by:The development of tourism and eco-tourism basedon a programme, which will make the tourism potentialof the area lucrative;• Develop Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)which manufacture the raw materials providedby agriculture (the sectors with an appropriatepotential are the following: baked goods,canned vegetables, oil, sugar, the brewery,meat and milk);• Support the old companies which are valuablecompetitors on the national and internationalmarket.• Technological up-grade of the factories built inthe communist regime, which are able toproduce using clean technologies. (e.g.sections of the Chemical Industry);• Revitalise the shipyard, taking into account thatthere is qualified human resources andappropriate equipment;• Establish a terminal for the transfer ofcontainers;• Support the activities performed within the FreeZone and encourage foreign investors in thearea;• Develop an interest in office buildings within theharbour amongst companies interested in navaltransport activities and Free Zone activities;• Establish a futures market for cereals and buildappropriate utilities for storage;• Establish a market which is able to trade inagricultural products;• Clarify the status of the Thermo-electrical Plantwith regards remodeling to increase efficiency,and reduce pollution.c) Solve problems within the drinking water andsewerage network by:• Increasing the liability of the pumpingmechanical equipment and providing newequipment in accordance with the availableflow;• Eliminating the differences between the twowater departments by increasing the capacity ofthe North Water Department of the city;• Increasing the safety level of the pumpingstations and decreasing the energyconsumption per cubic metre of water pumped,using high powered electrical pumps;• Modernisation of the water chlorination stations,through automatic systems;• Replacing the damaged water distribution pipelines;• Establishing new water distribution networks,equipped with modern pipelines, in areas whichare still not connected to the water distributionsystem;• Additional works for reshaping the main sectorof the network, including the connectionbetween the two Water Departments, in orderto balance the network.d) Connect the city to the natural gasdistribution networkThere is a project submitted for governmentalapproval, focused on the natural gas supply, whichhas the following objectives and actions:• Execution of a supply pipeline from Bucsani,with a length of 62.94 km and diameters of 500mm;• A measurement station, placed near Giurgiucounty Jail;• A pressure regulation station placed in thesame location.

50MUNICIPALITYe) Housing improvement• To fulfil the regulations and tasks includedwithin the present Landscape Master Plan andto introduce new regulations if it’s possible.• The development of Area Urban Plans anddetailed Urban Plans in order to solve the urbanproblems in an appropriate manner.• Improve the dwelling fund throughreconstruction and optimisation of space, landand comfort.• Improve the quality of the housing fund.• Improve the housing density in the followingneighbourhoods: Obor, Alexandriei,Ghizdarului, and Sloboziei.• Introduce specific equipment and utilities in allhousing areas.• Finalise the constructions of apartments.• The execution of common dwellings within theSteaua Dunării Hotel Building (44 ap.) andDudului (55 ap).• Use the leftover areas for green zones oramenities for residential districts.• Improve the heating standard of houses.• Improve the aesthetic aspect of houses,refurbishing thermal insulation and facades forbuildings, improve the quality of the municipalgreen, and so on.• Decentralise the distribution and accounting ofwater, hot water and heating for dwellings.• Reshape the old dwellings and build newhouses accordingly to the Landscape MasterPlan documents.• Plans for land use management to extendhousing that is compact, complete and isolatedand is equipped with individual land perimeters.• Construction in the downtown area of collectivedwellings of the type P+2 E / 4E.• Introduction in all residential areas of utilitiesand specific amenities.• Extend, redesign and re-dimension the streetnetwork to secure efficient traffic flows in thedowntown and other parts of the city.• Measures in order to eradicate pollution inhousing areas.• Increase the green space areas and constructnew leisure facilities. This objective assumes:- Balanu and Turbatu forests receiverecreational and leisure functionality.- Work in areas with valuable habitat and withbalanced ecosystems, near the DanubeRiver.- Rehabilitation of areas contaminated bypollution.- Erection of green protection walls alongpan-European transportation corridors andat the entrance points to the city.- Construction of green areas within themunicipality and improvement to the qualityof the existingones.- Set up of recreational areas, a forested parkand an open park.II.8. CONSERVATION OFRESOURCES ANDENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONWe propose to set the objectives, scenarios andpolicies for the future development of Giurgiuaccordingly to the following components:a) The Strategy for Air Pollution PreventionAir quality is under the influence of industrial andtraffic emissions. Regarding the industrial emissions,the Environmental Protection Inspectorate imposes,through the environmental authorisation, measures forthe reduction of emissions to the admissible levels orin special circumstances, below those levels. TheAction Plan to decrease the level of traffic emissionsmust be focused on the following essential aspects:• Combustibles quality (action which must beenforced on the national level);• Quality of cars (action which must be enforcedon the national level);• Infrastructure (action which must be enforcedon the local level).

51GIURGIUThe principles of the policy:• The pollution which causes damage to healthmust be approached very seriously;• Mitigate loss by better practices for communalhusbandry;• Introduce the “polluter pays” principle;• Increase public awareness and changeattitudes within the population on technicalmaintenance of motor vehicles.Goal – improve air qualityObjectives and targetsO1. Reduce industry and domestic emissions in the airT1. Using CET technology upgrade, rehabilitate, andmodernise the thermal system of the whole cityT2. Provide an admission and distribution network ofnatural gasO2. Reduce traffic emissionsT1. Bypass around the cityT2. Modernise the streetsT3. Acquisition of a “gas analyser” for the vehicleexhaust pipeb) The strategy for surface watersThe solving strategy for surface water pollution takesinto account the reduction of consumed waterquantities, the reduction of loadings in wastewater,rehabilitation of waste treatment plants and theaccomplishment of pre-waste water evacuated in thesewerage.The principles of the policy:• There must be a complete revealing of thepollution that affects the health of people.• Prevention shall have the same priority as thecorrective actions.• Losses reduced through good managementpractices.• Apply the “polluter pays” principle.• To increase awareness in industrial societiesregarding the reduction of water consumptionthrough waste water re-cycling.Goal – improve the quality of surface watersObjectives / TargetsO1. Improve and maintain the surface waters within thequality limits.T1. Revise and modernise the waste water treatmentplant.T2. Rehabilitate and extend the domestic waste watersewerage network.T3. Rehabilitate and extend the rain water seweragenetwork.T4. Rehabilitate the sewerage network in the harbourarea.c) Strategy for drinkable waterThe strategy has to follow the norms, standards andlaws regarding the quality and quantity managementof drink water, following catching-distributionconsumption.The principles of the policy:• The pollution that affects the health of thepopulation must be revealed.• Prevention shall have the same priority as thecorrective actions.• Loss reduction through good managementpractices.• Increase population awareness with regardsthe reduction of water consumption.Goal – to provide the quantity and quality of thedrinking waterObjectives / TargetsO1. Risk evaluation related to drinking water pollution.T1. Present evaluation regarding drinking water supply.O2. Improve the drinking water supply for thepopulation.T1. Evaluate the drinking water consumption used forindustrial means.T2. Correlate between population consumption and theEuropean norm.T3. Monitor the drinking water consumption of theconsumer.T4. Rehabilitate and extend the drinking water supplynetwork.

52MUNICIPALITYd) Strategy for pollution prevention and for soiland nature degradationObjectives:- To issue detailed inventories regardingquality of soil and their use.- To stop the major impacts.- To stop the causes of pollution and toestablish directions for sustainable use.- Ecological reconstruction of the affectedareas.The principles of the policy:• The underground waters pollution in the soilmust be analysed, with regards their effects onthe health of the population.• Action programmes based on the evaluation ofnature degradation, in order to conserve andprotect the ecosystems.• Sustainable use of resources.• To apply the “polluter pays ”principle.• To increase population awareness regardingthe pollution problems.Goal – rehabilitation of degraded areas and theconservation of the ecosystems of the land.Objectives / TargetsO1. To provide integrity for the forestry fund.T1. To declare the area near the Danube (OstrovulMocanu and Mocănaşu) as a natural protected areawith special value and with a priority protectionsystem.T2. To acknowledge the existing situation of thehunting and fishing fund and apply correctivemeasures.O2. To set up new green areas in Giurgiu and toimprove the existing ones. Establish protectiveforest belts.T1. To establish protective forest belts aroundChemical Platform II Verachim.O3. Ecological reconstruction of the degraded landsurfaces.T1. Ecological reconstruction of Giurgiu Sud area inwhich Chemical Platform I of S.C. Verachim hadfunctioned.e) Strategy for waste managementThe national and international priority regarding wastemanagement is to decrease/prevent, reuse, recycle,treat and finally store all wastes.The principles of the policy:• To acknowledge the fact that the problem ofpollution is due to an inefficient management ofwastes, that may threaten the health of thepopulation.• To search for material stimulants that canpersuade the population and the industries toachieve a selective collection of wastes, with aview to recycling, together with themodernisation of public sanitation companies.• To apply the “polluter pays” principle.• To increase population awareness regardingthe waste collection problem.Goal – to improve waste managementObjectives / TargetsO1. Construction of an ecological dumpfor waste storage.O2. Construct a high-technology landfillfor the disposal of residential solidwastes.O3. Rehabilitation works for areas whereformer dumps for solid refuse havebeen closed.f) Indicators and monitoringCity HallCity HallResults from monitoring must be published in theannual monitoring report “The state of the environmentin Giurgiu Municipality”.Indicators under monitoring are:• Specific results pertaining to environmentalissues, such as pollution mitigation• Environmental quality function of specificfactors

53GIURGIU• The degree of conformation of the targetgroups• Efforts for implementing and control• The rate of introduction of green technologies• Regulatory efforts• Financial efforts of the target groups• Total penalties for not complying with policies,and so on.g) Evaluation and feedbackIf results from the monitoring process do not show thatthe direction taken is the correct one, an analysis ofthe drafting strategy for the action plan will beperformed, to adapt its function of the actual situationto meet targets.II.9. SCENARIOSThe drafting process for scenarios of growth musttake into account the national economic context, thelevel and rate of economic growth, the national GDP,and other indicators on living standards. The followingscenarios are correlated with development in Giurgiu:A. FAST DEVELOPMENT SCENARIO is an optimisticscenario and the least probable one. It assumes thedevelopment of economic sub-fields, which wouldprovide high benefits, create jobs and returninvestment in a short time, leading to a multiplicationof investment. This scenario is only possible in thecase of economic development brought by Romania’sintegration in the European Union, and bydevelopment of economic fluxes geared towardsimporting resources and exporting products.B. COMPETITIVE DEVELOPMENT SCENARIO couldbe achieved only in the case of accelerated change atinstitutional and legislative levels, correlation withliving standards and proficient utilisation of resources.This scenario assumes fast absorption of preferentialinvestment to foster economic competitiveness of thecity in the region. During public consultations fordrafting the Local Strategy for SustainableDevelopment, most residents, specialists and localauthorities opted for this scenario and thought that,given the results obtained up to this date and thepotential of human resources, our city has resourcesfor accelerated change and for becoming a model atthe national level, in this respect. Arguments in favourof this scenario are all opportunities mentioned atchapter 3.10, the existence of a social consensus foridentifying priority projects at community level, andgoing through the first steps of the implementationprocess.C. SLOW DEVELOPMENT SCENARIO although notdesirable, it is probable, provided that the currenteconomic trend stays constant. Giurgiu Municipality isfacing a chronic state of economic crisis due to the lowefficiency and productivity of the local industries. Smalland medium enterprises cannot overtake this shockand absorb the workforce that has become redundantin heavy industry. Insufficient investment (domesticand foreign) cannot utilise all the resources, so theend result is a slow pace of development.D. PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO is possible if nationaland international contexts are unfavourable oreconomic development at the national level is slow.Giurgiu has a peripheral status (for both subjectiveand objective reasons) and therefore an economiccrisis cumulated with social effects can preventeconomic revitalisation.■

54MUNICIPALITY

55GIURGIUIII. LOCAL ACTION PLANIII.1. INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYSTRENGHTHENING MEASURESThe local partnership group of the town of Giurgiu(Giurgiu mayoralty - applicant, Ion Vinea YouthAssociation, Bethel Foundation, Chamber ofCommerce, Industry, and Agriculture, Giurgiu DistrictCouncil, Local State Inspectorate for DisabledPersons, Ion Vinea House of Culture, Saint GeorgeFoundation) was accepted in the PHARE financedProgramme "Development of Civil Society 2000", witha Partner component - Institutional Development.The first priority of the PHARE programme is theinstitutional development, defined as the supportgranted to the candidate countries, Romania beingone of them, for the development of their structures,strategies, human resources and management skillsnecessary for the development of their economic,social and self-adjustment capacity.The local and central administrations have notdeveloped their capacity of cooperating with the civilsociety, with the exception of a few specific fields(such as: the relation between the administration andthe citizens - public relations of the administration).Taking into account the fact that the budgetrestructuring and the decentralisation ofresponsibilities by the local authorities were notaccompanied by the necessary support measures, theNGO sector can help the local authorities to overcomethe difficulties created in relation to theirresponsibilities in the field of financial and humanresources.The process of decentralisation of the publicadministration generated improvements regarding thetaking over of certain services by the mayoralties, aswell as extended responsibilities for the latter. NGO'splay an important part in rendering services addressedby the diversified needs of the groups, which theyrepresent. This is why the Civil Society 2000Programme aims to develop the publicadministration's capacity to cooperate with therepresentatives of civil society.The general objective of the Civil Society 2000Development Programme is the support of sustainablepartnerships between NGO's and the local authoritiesin various fields of activity. The main fields are: citizencounselling, and projects of the local communitybased on identification of local needs and utilisation oflocal resources. Close relations with the civil society inthese fields will contribute to the reform of the publicadministration.The specific objective of the PARTNER component isdeveloping the abilities necessary for establishingefficient partnerships between the local authorities andthe non-governmental organisations, and thedevelopment of the capacity for cooperation betweenthe local authorities and the representatives of the civilsociety, for local solving existing problems. Thiscomponent addresses the communities through localpartnership groups.The PARTNER component will be implemented in twostages, as follows:First stage: training and technical assistance will beprovided to the local partnership groups.Second stage: the local partnership groups will beable to develop programmes intended to meet theneeds of the community and to attract resourcesavailable at a local level. An inquiry into financingprojects will be launched in the communities includedin the PARTNER component. The local partnershipgroups will submit their projects within the frameworkof this inquiry for project financing offers. Partialprojects financing/co-financing will consist of fundsproviding resources, which are not available locally.Training and technical assistance will be provided intwo stages:The first stage of training and technical assistance willbe mainly focused on themes intended to support thedevelopment of local projects by partnerships and ofthe basic local cooperation skills.

56MUNICIPALITYIt is expected that the training sessions, conceived inkeeping with the local needs, will include subjectmatters such as: needs estimation, funds acquirement(including drafting of financing requests), projectmanagement, problem solving strategies, evaluation,human resource management, financial management,and establishing partnerships.As a result of the first training session, it is expectedthat the local partnerships will draft projects capable offulfilling the identified needs and to mobilise localresources. The selected projects can benefit frompartial financing. Partial financing will consist of fundsproviding resources, which are not available locally.The second training and technical assistance stagewill mainly focus on the development of thecooperation capacity of local partners and on thesupport of local partnership groups in theimplementation of the financed projects.The training sessions will include subjects such as:estimation of needs, citizen participation, communitydevelopment, communication, partnershipestablishment, strategic and participative planning,organisational development, project management andevaluation.Technical assistance is intended to support localpartnership groups in the process of project draftingand development (during the first training period) andalso their implementation (during the second trainingperiod). The technical assistance activities willcomplete the training activities during both stages.Each local partnership group will be granted at least 5days of technical assistance.About 16 students will be selected during the secondtraining stage to attend the classes of a Trainers'Training Programme. This programme will assure thecontinuity of the training activities in the same fields,following the completion of the Partner component.The objective of the Trainers' Training programme isto develop the skills and knowledge of the selectedparticipants, in order to be able to train other localpartnership groups in the same fields of activity.The contract holder will select the participants in theTrainers' Training programme based on the evaluationof all the students performances during the trainingsessions. The selection will be made in cooperationwith the managers/chiefs of the institutions, which aremembers of the local partnership group.The selection of the participants in the Trainers'Training programme will be based on the followingcriteria:- Existing individual aptitudes/skills- Quality of the participation in the trainingsessions- Commitment and the availability to developtraining programmes in the field ofmanagement, at a local and regional level- A firm commitment to the training activity- Experience in management or in organisingtraining sessions in the field of managementwould be an asset.Following the completion of the Trainers' Trainingsession, the participants will acquire some practicalexperience and will be assimilated as assistanttrainers in the future training sessions organised withinthe PARTNER component.The Central and East Europe Local AdministrationAssistance Programme (CEEPAA), the programmesorganised in the field of municipal crediting and theRTI Implementation programmes (LGA) are known onthe municipality level. Besides a few informationsessions and participation in seminars, the town ofGiurgiu did not have the opportunity of benefiting fromsuch programmes or from foreign assistance.The town of Giurgiu received assistance from USAID,Bucharest IRIS CENTER, the United States Embassyin Bucharest and RTI (Research Triangle Institute) forthe carrying out of two programmes:1. "Simple and Rapid Business" - de-regulationprogramme in five stages - intended for thesimplification of the small and medium enterpriseslicensing procedures2. Local public administration transparency -programme intended to increase transparency in thedecision making process, with the active participationof citizens in matters of common interest for thecommunity.Giurgiu was the host of a study tour organised for ateam of Ukrainian specialists in several fields ofactivity, interested in the experience acquired by thetown of Giurgiu by the programme "Simple and RapidBusiness".The town of Giurigu is not one of the towns selectedfor assistance under the Programme of Assistance tothe Local Public Administration financed by USAID

57GIURGIUand implemented by RTI in Romania, but it wasselected for dissemination of the information andexperience accumulated during the three programmeyears with regards programme budget and financialmanagement. The seminar "Budgets per AlternativeProgrammes or Solution for the Local PublicAdministration" was organised by RTI in July 2002 forthe managing staff employed by the Giurgiu mayoraltyand by the institutions financed from the local budget.This can be considered as a first step in assistancegranted by USAID, with a good chance of it beingcontinued by the GRASP programme, that will start inOctober of this year.The Giurgiu mayoralty will also be a partner in theproject "Business Incubator" financed by the EuropeanCommunity within the framework of the Stability Pact,and will be implemented in Giurgiu by the GermanRectors' Association, in partnership with the BucharestAcademy of Economic Studies and the GiurgiuRomanian - Bulgarian Economic Institute. Theprojected business incubator will represent alaunching platform for potential businessmen selectedamong the students in their final years, people whograduate the institute and others, and will contribute tothe economic growth of the town of Giurgiu.The Giurgiu mayoralty has regularly organised trainingcourses, in cooperation with the Centre for ContinuousTraining of the Local Public Administration Employees,in the following fields: budget/finance, auditing, localpublic administration management, public services.The mayoralty offered its support to the RegionalInfrastructure Programme pertaining to the BalkanStability Pact financed by USAID, and the SAMTIDprogramme of rehabilitation of the water andsewerage systems in small and medium sized towns.The support consisted of assistance in drafting aProject Proposal and its submitance to the competentauthorities in order to obtain PHARE funding. A twostage training course was organised in Targoviste (inNovember 2001 and May 2002) under the directguidance of the consulting firm BOOZ, ALLEN &HAMILTON INC.Representatives of the mayoralty and local counselorsattended training courses abroad and economicmissions in EU countries and in other countries. Thesecourses were focused on the establishment of public -private partnerships between the local publicadministration and foreign public administrations andwere aimed at supporting the consolidation of theinstitutional capacity.Some of the mayoralty employees participated in thelocal public administration management courseorganised by the authorities of Bavaria, Germany.Representatives of the Giurgiu community participatedin a training course in Turkey "Development of theLocal Possibilities through the Implementation of LocalAgenda 21" at the end of 1999. Another event wasorganised in 2002 in Turkey in connection with thisproject, aimed at creating connections between youngpeople in Giurgiu and Istanbul.In April 2002, the LA 21 Giurgiu Project participatedtogether with 8 other pilot towns, in the NationalForum of Sustainable Development of LocalCommunities in Romania - Ist Edition. Governmentalinstitutions were represented in this Forum and thiscreated the possibility of communication between thepolitical class and the civil society. The presence ofthe representatives of international institutions in theForum laid the foundations for the development offuture programmes. The Giurgiu mayoralty stand wasvisited by many visitors including President Iliescu.The foreign delegates were also interested in ourstands.The Giurgiu mayoralty participated with its LA 21Project in an international competition of sustainabletowns "2002 Stockholm Partnership". The project LA21 Giurgiu was selected among the first 50"Ambassador Projects" and was presented in theconference, project exhibition and thematic dialoguesorganised in June 2002 in Stockholm, Sweden.In May 2002, the Giurgiu Chamber of Commerce,Industry and Agriculture organised the training courseentitled: "Management of European Projects" withinthe framework of the SAPER Project financed byPHARE. The course was taught by a Belgian expertand was attended by foreign funding applicants andrepresentatives of the public administration.The USAID partners facilitated the participation ofGiurgiu mayoralty employees in training coursesorganised in 2001 and 2002 in Poland, the subjectmatter of which were: Public -private partnerships ofsmall and medium sized enterprises, and exchangesof experience in matters of transparency of the localand central public administration activity.The Giurgiu Environment Protection Inspectorate wasselected, together with 8 other similar Inspectorates inthe country, for PHARE financing of Project No. RO98.04.04.01 "Consolidation of the Institutional andAdministrative Capacity for Environmental Policies in

58MUNICIPALITYConformity with the Provisions of the AcquisCommunautaire". The project activity included fieldvisits, drafting of reports referring to the activity of theEnvironment Protection Inspectorates, trainingseminars referring to the application of EC Directions96/61/CE regarding pollution prevention andintegrated control. The project was coordinated by theSpanish Consortium EPTISA ProjectosInternationales.III.2 FINANCIAL PROJECTIONThe town of Giurgiu is a town with low incomeinhabitants and no resources for the carrying out ofeconomic development programmes. Based on theanalysis of the local budgets for 2001, 2002 and forthe following three years (2003 - 2006), shows thattotal income amounted to 206,944,824 thousand Lei in2001 and 399,086,447 thousand Lei in 2002, 94%more than in 2001, and the necessary expenses,including the additional ones due to thedecentralisation of certain services, increased by107%.The local budget income estimated for 2003 willamount to 451,535,091 thousand Lei, about 5% morethan in 2002, this figure was established by taking intoaccount the low resources of the town inhabitants andthe feeble economic activity. The main sources oflocal budget income are the taxes and charges paidby the population, the direct and indirect taxes, varioustransfers, capital incomes and various special fees.The expenses made in 2001 were comparable to theobtained incomes. The same is expected to happen in2003 and during the period 2004 - 2006.Following the analysis of the expenses in 2001, 2002and those forecast for 2003 - 2006 it shows thateconomic development projects and programmescannot be supported by local budget funds, becausefinancial resources are very limited.The Giurgiu mayoralty will support projects in all fieldsof activity included in the town development strategyby attracting sources from the private sector, andforeign and internal funds coming from various donorsand finance suppliers, on the basis of the privatepublicpartnership.With a view to increase its financial resources, theGiurgiu mayoralty intends to issue bonds for selling onthe market, that will help finalise certain works, whichstarted in the past and were abandoned due to thelack of funds.LOCAL BUDGET PER SOURCES, CHAPTERS AND EXPENSE TITLES 1999 – 2001Thousand LeiINDICATOR NAME 1999 2000 2001 2002INCOMES – TOTAL 42,218,000 113,044,996 206,944,824 600,993,206OWN INCOMES 24,625,696 38,312,884 59,291,195 320,833,346I. CURRENT INCOMES 24,385,696 24,179,154 39,163,600 55,016,977A. FISCAL INCOMES 20,934,443 22,616,854 34,921,351 49,710,747A.1 DIRECT TAXES 20,859,443 22,073,554 32,755,684 46,634,518PROFIT TAXES 0 0 0TAXES AND CHARGES FROM THEPOPULATION 11,115,293 11,521,256 17,971,606 25,294,629CHARGE FOR STATE-OWNED LANDUSAGE 495,450 768,254 1,039,609 1,522,385BUILDINGS AND LANDS TAX FROM LEGALPERSONS 7,438,700 7,538,389 10,239,496 14,610,115

59GIURGIUINDICATOR NAME 1999 2000 2001 2002OTHER DIRECT TAXES 380,000 22,456,555 3,604,973 5,207,384A.2. INDIRECT TAXES 75,000 543,300 2,165,667 3,076,225PERFORMANCE TAXES 10,000 3,300 9,350 12,763OTHER INDIRECT TAXES 65,000 540,000 2,156,317 3,063,460B. NON-FISCAL INCOMES 3,451,253 1,562,300 4,242,249 5,306,228PAYMENTS FROM THE PUBLIC UTILITYCORPORATION'S NET PROFIT 0 0 0TRANSFERS FROM PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS 335,000 417,300 1,331,017 1,824,156VARIOUS INCOMES 3,116,253 1,145,000 2,911,232 3,482,070II. CAPITAL INCOMES 240,000 226,000 388,529 0INCOMES FROM CAPITALISATION OFSTATE-OWNED ASSETS 240,000 226,000 388,529 0III. SPECIAL DESTINATION INCOMES 0 13,907,730 19,739,066 265,816,367IV. AMOUNTS TAKEN OVER FROM THESTATE BUDGET 17,592,304 68,580,035 138,318,119 252,925,261SHARES DISTRIBUTED FROM THE SALARYTAXES 15,905,713 2,142,598 47,404 0AMOUNTS DISTRIBUTED FROM THE V.A.T.FOR LOCAL BUDGETS - - 70,440,651 148,043,495SHARES AND AMOUNTS DISTRIBUTEDFROM THE INCOME TAXES - 66,437,437 68,830,064 111,002,205VI. SUBSIDIES 0 6,152,077 9,335,510 1,903,330SUBSIDIES FROM THE STATE BUDGET 0 1,056,157 9,335,510 0SUBSIDIES FROM OTHER BUDGETS 0 5,095,920 0VIII. RECEIPTS FROM LOANREIMBURSEMENTS 0 0 0IX. LOANS 0 0 19,210,824TEMPORARY LOANS 0 0 0EXPENSES – TOTAL 42,218,000 113,044,996 206,644,670 600,993,206A. CURRENT EXPENSES 29,804,574 67,182,271 136,022,629 262,606,239PERSONNEL EXPENSES 4,704,871 9,699,727 82,932,350 158,419,283MATERIALS AND SERVICES EXPENSES 13,263,402 29,387,092 19,955,123 45,124,390SUBSIDIES 10,964,599 19,347,955 20,001,373 44,221,676TRANSFERS 871,322 8,747,497 13,135,783 28,629,757INTERESTS 0 0 73,205B. CAPITAL EXPENSES 11,617,000 43,553,079 70,622,041 325,340,816C. FINANCIAL OPERATIONS 0 0 2,928,200GRANTED LOANS 0 0 0CREDIT REIMBURSEMENTS, INTERESTPAYMENTS AND CREDITCOMMISSIONS 0 0 0D. RESERVES 12,481 0 0I. GENERAL PUBLIC SERVICES - TOTAL 7,935,972 29,075,862 42,682,803 49,709,854PUBLIC AUTHORITIES 7,935,972 29,075,862 42,682,803 49,709,854CURRENT EXPENSES 6,781,972 1,4211,324 20,073,121 30,573,836

60MUNICIPALITYINDICATOR NAME 1999 2000 2001 2002PERSONNEL EXPENSES 4,498,558 8,870,395 12,387,140 19,272,679MATERIALS AND SERVICES EXPENSES 2,283,414 5,340,929 7,685,981 11,301,155SUBSIDIES 0 - 0CAPITAL EXPENSES 1,154,000 14,864,538 22,609,682 19,136,014III. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL EXPENSES -TOTAL 11,368,289 27,803,272 94,073,069 184,423,420CURRENT EXPENSES 10,181,964 27,803,272 94,036,557 183,293,135PERSONNEL EXPENSES 206,313 349,029 69,937,215 138,414,553MATERIALS AND SERVICES EXPENSES 7,206,319 9,994,816 8,805,691 21,524,792SUBSIDIES 1,898,010 - 4,262,320 11,742,974TRANSFERS 871,322 - 11,031,331 11,610,812CAPITAL EXPENSES 420,000 - 65,512 1,130,285EDUCATION 6,676,325 6,608,986 73,290,379 1,419,50,351CURRENT EXPENSES 6,010,000 6,608,986 73,253,867 141,218,301PERSONNEL EXPENSES - - 68,647,583 132,637,650MATERIALS AND SERVICES EXPENSES 6,010,000 6,608,986 4,101,903 8,580,650SUBSIDIES 0 0 0TRANSFERS 0 0 504,381 0CAPITAL EXPENSES 0 0 36,512 732,050HEALTH 282,097 197,518 849,000 1,816,948CURRENT EXPENSES 282,097 197,518 849,000 1,816,948PERSONNEL EXPENSES 0 - 517,000 938,488MATERIALS AND SERVICES EXPENSES 282,097 120,000 332,000 878,460CAPITAL EXPENSES 0 0 0CULTURE, RELIGION AND ACTIVITIESREGARDING YOUTH AND SPORTS 2,318,010 9,355,763 5,949,608 12,410,637CURRENT EXPENSES 1,898,010 9,355,763 5,949,608 12,410,637PERSONNEL EXPENSES 0 0 0MATERIALS AND SERVICES EXPENSES 0 643,833 1,697,288 3,039,504SUBSIDIES 1,898,010 8,711,930 4,262,320 9,371,132TRANSFERS - 0 0CAPITAL EXPENSES 420,000 0 0SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, APPROPRIATIONS,PENSIONS, BENEFITS ANDCOMPENSATIONS 1,991,857 11,641,005 13,984,082 44,936,221CURRENT EXPENSES 1,991,857 11,641,005 13,984,082 27,847,245PERSONNEL EXPENSES 206,313 349,029 772,632 4,838,414MATERIALS AND SERVICES EXPENSES 914,222 2,544,479 2,684,500 9,026,176SUBSIDIES - - 2,371,842TRANSFERS 871,322 8,747,497 10,526,950 28,301,552CAPITAL EXPENSES - - 398,235IV. SERVICES AND PUBLICDEVELOPMENT, HOUSING,ENVIRONMENT AND WATERS 18,353,493 31,809,480 41,099,984 55,668,010

61GIURGIUINDICATOR NAME 1999 2000 2001 2002CURRENT EXPENSES 8,433,493 11,138,646 16,618,998 22,213,325PERSONNEL EXPENSES - - 0MATERIALS AND SERVICES EXPENSES 2,366,904 3,409,624 1,892,546 3,221,020SUBSIDIES 6,066,589 7,729,022 12,622,000 18,992,305TRANSFERS - 0 2,104,452 0CAPITAL EXPENSES 9,920,000 20,670,834 24,480,986 33,454,685V. ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES 3,000,000 4,778,770 7,819,245 19,089,303CURRENT EXPENSES 3,000,000 2,907,003 3,707,290 12,617,981PERSONNEL EXPENSES - 0 497,237 7,985,323MATERIALS AND SERVICES EXPENSES - 2,907,003 93,000 432,230SUBSIDIES 3,000,000 2,907,003 3,117,053 3,865,224TRANSFERS - 0 328,202CAPITAL EXPENSES 0 1,871,767 4,111,955 6,471,322AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY - 0 1,456,021 8,893,065CURRENT EXPENSES - 0 1,426,021 8,424,553PERSONNEL EXPENSES - 0 497,237 7,985,323MATERIALS AND SERVICES EXPENSES - 0 144,164 439,230CAPITAL EXPENSES - 0 865,784 468,512TRANSPORTATION ANDCOMMUNICATIONS 3,000,000 4,778,770 6,363,224 9,868,034CURRENT EXPENSES 3,000,000 2,907,003 2,251,269 3,865,224PERSONNEL EXPENSES - 0 0MATERIALS AND SERVICES EXPENSES - 0 0SUBSIDIES 3,000,000 2,907,003 2,251,269 3,865,224TRANSFERS - 0 0CAPITAL EXPENSES - 1,871,767 4,111,955 6,002,810OTHER ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES - 0 328,202CURRENT EXPENSES - 0 328,202MATERIALS AND SERVICES EXPENSES - 0 0TRANSFERS - 0 328,202CAPITAL EXPENSES - 0 0VI. OTHER ACTIONS 1,529,765 3,071,434 1,530,657 3,806,660CURRENT EXPENSES 1,406,765 2,985,261 1,530,657 3,660,250PERSONNEL EXPENSES - 480,303 78,558 732,050MATERIALS AND SERVICES EXPENSES 1,406,765 2,504,958 1,452,099 2,928,200TRANSFERS - 0 0CAPITAL EXPENSES 123,000 86,173 146,410IX. WARRANTY AND REDISTRIBUTIONFUNDS - 0 0FUND FOR FOREIGN LOANS, INTERESTSAND PERTAINING COMMISSIONSWARRANTY - 0 0FINANCIAL OPERATIONS - 0 0CREDIT REIMBURSEMENT, INTEREST - 0 0

62MUNICIPALITYINDICATOR NAME 1999 2000 2001 2002PAYMENT AND CREDIT COMMISSIONSX. PAYMENT OF INTERESTS AND OTHEREXPENSES 400 0XI. TRANSFERS - 0 3,601,706TRANSFERS TO OTHER BUDGETS - 0 3,601,706CURRENT EXPENSES - 0 3,601,706TRANSFERS - 0 3,601,706GRANTED LOANS 0 0 0LOANS 0 0 0FINANCIAL OPERATIONS 0 0 0GRANTED LOANS 0 0 0XIII. PAYMENTS OF INTERESTS ANDOTHER EXPENSES - 0 73,205INTERESTS PERTAINING TO THE PUBLICDEBT AND OTHER EXPENSES - 0 73,205CURRENT EXPENSES - 0 73,205INTERESTS - 0 73,205INTEREST PAYMENT - 0 0CURRENT EXPENSES - 0 0INTERESTS - 0 0XIV. LOAN REIMBURSEMENT 17,600 0 2,928,200GRANTED LOANS REIMBURSEMENT 17,600 0 2,928,200FINANCIAL OPERATIONS - 0 2,928,200XV. RESERVE FUNDS 12,481 0 0RESERVES 12,481 0 0XVI. SPECIAL DESTINATION LOANS - 14,176,532 19,438,912 265,002,100CURRENT EXPENSES - 8,136,765 56,006 0PERSONNEL EXPENSES - 0 32,200 0MATERIALS AND SERVICES EXPENSES - 0 23,806 0SUBSIDIES - 0 0TRANSFERS - 0 0CAPITAL EXPENSES - 6,039,767 19,382,906 265,002,100XVII. EXCESS / DEFICIT 9,800 0 300,154 0THE LOCAL BUDGET PER SOURCES, CHAPTERS, EXPENSE TITLES AND SUBCHAPTERS 2002-2006INDICATOR NAMEThousand LeiACCOMPL. PROPOSALS ESTIMATES ESTIMATES ESTIMATES ESTIMATES2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006INCOMES – TOTAL 206,944,824 399,086,447 451,535,091 496,688,600 546,357,460 600,993,206OWN INCOMES 59,291,195 219,133,494 241,046,843 265,151,527 291,666,679 320,833,346I. CURRENT INCOMES 39,163,600 37,577,337 41,335,070 45,468,577 50,015,434 55,016,977A. FISCAL INCOMES 34,921,351 33,953,110 37,348,421 41,083,263 45,191,589 49,710,747

63GIURGIUACCOMPL. PROPOSALS ESTIMATES ESTIMATES ESTIMATES ESTIMATESINDICATOR NAME2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006A.1 DIRECT TAX 32,755,684 31,852,005 35,037,205 38,540,925 42,395,017 46,634,518PROFIT TAX 0 0 0 0TAXES AND CHARGES FROMTHE POPULATIONCHARGE FOR STATE-OWNEDLAND USAGEBUILDINGS AND LANDS TAXFROM LEGAL PERSONS17,971,606 17,276,573 19,004,230 20,904,653 22,995,118 25,294,6291,039,609 1,039,810 1,143,791 1,258,170 1,383,987 1,522,38510,239,496 9,978,907 10,976,797 12,074,476 13,281,923 14,610,115OTHER DIRECT TAXES 3,604,973 3,556,715 39,112,386 4,303,624 4,733,986 5,207,384A.2. INDIRECT TAXES 2,165,667 2,101,105 2,311,215 2,542,336 2,796,569 3,076,225PERFORMANCE TAX 9,350 8,719 9,590 10,549 11,603 12,763OTHER INDIRECT TAXES 2,156,317 2,092,386 2,301,624 2,531,786 2,784,964 3,063,460B. NON-FISCAL INCOMES 4,242,249 3,624,227 3,986,649 4,385,313 4,823,844 5,306,228PAYMENTS FROM THEPUBLIC UTILITYCORPORATION'S NETPROFITTRANSFERS FROM PUBLICINSTITUTIONS0 0 0 01,331,017 1,245,925 1,370,517 1,507,568 1,658,324 1,824,156VARIOUS INCOMES 2,911,232 2,378,302 2,616,132 2,877,745 3,165,519 3,482,070II. CAPITAL INCOMES 388,529 0 0 0 0 0INCOMES FROMCAPITALISATION OFSTATE-OWNED GOODSIII. SPECIAL DESTINATIONINCOMESIV. AMOUNTS TAKEN OVERFROM THE STATEBUDGETDISTRIBUTED SHARES FROMTHE SALARY TAXDISTRIBUTED AMOUNTSFROM THE V.A.T. FORLOCAL BUDGETSSHARES AND AMOUNTSDISTRIBUTED FROM THEINCOME TAX388,529 0 0 0 0 019,739,066 181,556,157 199,711,772 219,682,949 241,651,243 265,816,367138,318,119 165,531,700 190,026,493 209,029,142 229,932,056 252,925,26147,404 0 0 0 0 070,440,651 101,115,700 111,227,270 122,349,997 134,584,996 148,043,49568,830,064 64,416,000 83,397,600 91,737,360 100,911,096 111,002,205VI. SUBSIDIES 9,335,510 1,300,000 1,430,000 1,573,000 1,730,300 1,903,330SUBSIDIES FROM THE STATEBUDGETSUBSIDIES FROM OTHERBUDGETSVIII. RECEIPTS FROM LOANREIMBURSEMENTS9,335,510 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0IX. LOANS 13,121,253 14,433,378 15,876,715 17,464,386 19,210,824TEMPORARY LOANS 0 0 0 0 0EXPENSES - TOTAL 206,644,670 399,086,447 451,535,091 496,688,600 546,357,460 600,993,206A. CURRENT EXPENSES 136,022,629 179,363,596 197,299,955 217,029,950 238,732,945 262,606,239PERSONNEL EXPENSES 82,932,350 108,202,503 119,022,753 130,925,028 144,017,530 158,419,283MATERIALS AND SERVICESEXPENSES19,955,123 30,820,567 33,902,623 37,292,885 41,022,173 45,124,390

64MUNICIPALITYACCOMPL. PROPOSALS ESTIMATES ESTIMATES ESTIMATES ESTIMATESINDICATOR NAME2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006SUBSIDIES 20,001,373 30,204,000 33,224,400 36,546,840 40,201,524 44,221,676TRANSFERS 13,135,783 8,154,510 21,509,961 23,660,957 26,027,052 28,629,757INTEREST 50,000 55,000 60,500 66,550 73,205B. CAPITAL EXPENSES 70,622,041 222,212,157 244,433,372 268,876,709 295,764,379 325,340,816C. FINANCIAL OPERATIONS 2,000,000 2,200,000 2,420,000 2,662,000 2,928,200GRANTED LOANS 0 0 0 0 0CREDIT REIMBURSEMENTS,INTEREST PAYMENTSAND CREDITCOMMISIONS0 0 0 0 0D. RESERVES 0 0 0 0 0I. GENERAL PUBLIC42,682,803 33,922,500 37,347,750 41,082,525 45,190,777 49,709,854SERVICES - TOTALPUBLIC AUTHORITIES 42,682,803 33,952,500 37,347,750 41,082,525 45,190,777 49,709,854CURRENT EXPENSES 20,073,121 20,882,343 22,970,577 25,267,634 27,794,397 30,573,836PERSONNEL EXPENSES 12,387,140 13,163,500 14,479,850 15,927,835 17,520,618 19,272,679MATERIALS AND SERVICESEXPENSES7,685,981 7,718,843 8,490,727 9,339,799 10,273,778 11,301,155SUBSIDIES 0 0 0 0 0CAPITAL EXPENSES 22,609,682 13,070,157 14,377,172 15,814,889 17,396,377 191,36,014III. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL 94,073,069 125,963,679 138,560,046 152,416,050 167,657,655 184,423,420EXPENSES - TOTALCURRENT EXPENSES 94,036,557 125,191,679 137,710,846 151,481,930 166,630,123 183,293,135PERSONNEL EXPENSES 69,937,215 94,539,003 103,992,903 114,392,193 125,831,412 138,414,553MATERIALS AND SERVICESEXPENSES8,805,691 14,701,724 16,171,896 17,789,085 17,567,993 21,524,792SUBSIDIES 4,262,320 8,020,610 8,822,671 970,404,938 10,675,431 11,742,974TRANSFERS 11,031,331 7,930,342 8,723,376 9,595,713 10,555,284 11,610,812CAPITAL EXPENSES 65,512 772,000 849,200 934,120 1,027,532 1,130,285EDUCATION 732,90,379 96,954,000 106,649,400 117,314,340 129,045,774 141,950,351CURRENT EXPENSES 73,25,3867 96,454,000 106,099,400 116,709,340 128,380,274 141,218,301PERSONNEL EXPENSES 68,647,583 90,593,300 99,652,630 109,617,893 120,579,682 132,637,650MATERIALS AND SERVICES 4,101,903 5,860,700 6,446,770 7,091,447 7,800,591 8,580,650EXPENSESSUBSIDIES 0 0 0 0 0TRANSFERS 50,4381 0 0 0 0 0CAPITAL EXPENSES 36,512 500,000 550,000 605,000 665,500 732,050HEALTH 849,000 1,241,000 1,365,100 1,501,610 1,651,771 1,816,948CURRENT EXPENSES 849,000 1,241,000 1,365,100 1,501,610 1,651,771 1,816,948PERSONNEL EXPENSES 517,000 641,000 705,100 775,610 853,171 938,488MATERIALS AND SERVICESEXPENSES332,000 600,000 660,000 726,000 798,600 878,460CAPITAL EXPENSES 0 0 0 0 0CULTURE, RELIGION AND5,949,608 8,476,634 9,324,297 10,256,726 11,282,398 12,410,637ACTIVITIES REGARDINGYOUTH AND SPORTSCURRENT EXPENSES 5,949,608 8,476,634 9,324,297 10,256,726 11,282,398 12,410,637PERSONNEL EXPENSES 0 0 0 0MATERIALS AND SERVICES 1,697,288 2,076,024 2,283,626 2,511,988 2,763,186 3,039,504

65GIURGIUINDICATOR NAMEEXPENSESACCOMPL. PROPOSALS ESTIMATES ESTIMATES ESTIMATES ESTIMATES2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006SUBSIDIES 4,262,320 6,400,610 7,040,671 7,744,738 8,519,211 9,371,132TRANSFERS 0 0 0 0 0CAPITAL EXPENSES 0 0 0 0 0SOCIAL ASSISTANCE,APPROPRIATIONS,PENSIONS, BENEFITSAND COMPENSATIONS13,984,082 19,292,045 33,761,249 37,137,373 40,851,110 44,936,221CURRENT EXPENSES 13,984,082 19,020,045 20,922,049 23,014,253 25,315,678 27,847,245PERSONNEL EXPENSES 772,632 3,304,703 3,635,173 3,998,690 4,398,559 4,838,414MATERIALS AND SERVICES 2,684,500 6,165,000 6,781,500 7,459,650 8,205,615 9,026,176EXPENSESSUBSIDIES 1,620,000 1,782,000 1,960,200 2,156,220 2,371,842TRANSFERS 10,526,950 7,930,342 21,263,376 23,389,713 25,728,684 28,301,552CAPITAL EXPENSES 272,000 299,200 329,120 362,032 398,235IV. SERVICES AND PUBLIC 41,099,984 38,022,000 41,824,200 46,006,620 50,607,282 55,668,010DEVELOPMENT,HOUSING, ENVIRONMENTAND WATERSCURRENT EXPENSES 16,618,998 15,172,000 16,689,200 18,358,120 20,193,932 22,213,325PERSONNEL EXPENSES 0 0 0 0MATERIALS AND SERVICESEXPENSES1,892,546 2,200,000 2,420,000 2,662,000 2,928,200 3,221,020SUBSIDIES 12,622,000 12,972,000 14,269,200 15,696,120 17,265,732 18,992,305TRANSFERS 2,104,452 0 0 0 0 0CAPITAL EXPENSES 24,480,986 22,850,000 25,135,000 27,648,500 30,413,350 33,454,685V. ECONOMIC ACTIONS 7,819,245 13,038,252 14,342,076 15,776,284 17,353,912 19,089,303CURRENT EXPENSES 3,707,290 8,618,252 9,480,077 10,428,084 11,470,892 12,617,981PERSONNEL EXPENSES 497,237 5,454,084 5,999,492 6,599,441 7,259,385 7,985,323MATERIALS AND SERVICES93,000 300,000 330,000 363,000 399,300 432,230EXPENSESSUBSIDIES 3,117,053 2,640,000 2,904,000 3,194,400 3,513,840 3,865,224TRANSFERS 224,168 246,584 271,242 298,366 328,202CAPITAL EXPENSES 4,111,955 4,420,000 4,862,000 5,348,200 5,883,020 6,471,322AGRICULTURE ANDFORESRY1,456,021 6,074,084 6,681,492 7,349,641 8,084,605 8,893,065CURRENT EXPENSES 1,426,021 5,754,084 6,329,492 6,962,441 7,658,685 8,424,553PERSONNEL EXPENSES 497,237 5,454,084 5,999,492 6,599,441 7,259,385 7,985,323MATERIALS AND SERVICES 144,164 300,000 330,000 363,000 399,300 439,230EXPENSESCAPITAL EXPENSES 865,784 320,000 352,000 387,200 425,920 468,512TRANSPORTS AND6,363,224 6,740,000 7,414,000 8,155,400 8,970,940 9,868,034COMMUNCATIONSCURRENT EXPENSES 2,251,269 2,640,000 2,904,000 3,994,400 3,513,840 3,865,224PERSONNEL EXPENSES 0 0 0 0MATERIALS AND SERVICESEXPENSES0 0 0 0SUBSIDIES 2,251,269 2,640,000 2,904,000 3,194,400 3,513,840 3,865,224TRANSFERS 0 0 0 0 0CAPITAL EXPENSES 4,111,955 4,100,000 4,510,000 4,961,000 5,457,100 6,002,810

66MUNICIPALITYACCOMPL. PROPOSALS ESTIMATES ESTIMATES ESTIMATES ESTIMATESINDICATOR NAME2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006OTHER ECONOMIC ACTIONS 224,168 246,584 271,242 298,366 328,202CURRENT EXPENSES 224,168 246,584 271,242 298,366 328,202MATERIALS AND SERVICESEXPENSES0 0 0 0TRANSFERS 224,168 246,584 271,242 298,366 328,202CAPITAL EXPENSES 0 0 0 0 0VI. OTHER ACTIONS 1,530,657 2,600,000 2,860,000 3,146,000 3,460,600 3,806,660CURRENT EXPENSES 1,530,657 2,500,000 2,750,000 3,025,000 3,327,500 3,660,250PERSONNEL EXPENSES 78,558 500,000 550,000 605,000 665,500 732,050MATERIALS AND SERVICESEXPENSES1,452,099 2,000,000 2,200,000 2,420,000 2,662,000 2,928,200TRANSFERS 0 0 0 0 0CAPITAL EXPENSES 100,000 110,000 121,000 133,100 146,410IX. WARRANTY AND0 0 0 0 0REDISTRIBUTION FUNDSFUND FOR FOREIGN LOANS,0 0 0 0 0INTERESTS ANDPERTAININGCOMMISSIONSWARRANTYFINANCIAL OPERATIONS 0 0 0 0 0CREDIT REIMBURSEMENT,0 0 0 0 0INTEREST PAYMENT ANDCREDIT COMMISSIONSXI. TRANSFERS 2,460,016 2,706,017 2,976,618 3,274279 3,601,706TRANSFERS TO OTHER2,460,016 2,706,017 2,976,618 3,274,279 3,601,706BUDGETSCURRENT EXPENSES 2,460,016 2,706,017 2,976,618 3,274,279 3,601,706TRANSFERS 2,460,016 2,706,017 2,976,618 3,274,279 3,601,706GRANTED LOANS 0 0 0 0 0LOANS 0 0 0 0 0FINANCIAL OPERATIONS 0 0 0 0 0GRANTED LOANS 0 0 0 0 0XIII. PAYMENTS OFINTERESTS AND OTHEREXPENSESINTERESTS PERTAINING TOTHE PUBLIC DEBT ANDOTHER EXPENSES50,000 55,000 60,500 66,550 73,20550,000 55,000 60,500 66,550 73,205CURRENT EXPENSES 50,000 55,000 60,500 66,550 73,205INTERESTS 50,000 55,000 60,500 66,550 73,205INTEREST PAYMENT 0 0 0 0 0CURRENT EXPENSES 0 0 0 0 0INTERESTS 0 0 0 0 0XIV. LOAN REIMBURSEMENT 2,000,000 2,200,000 2,420,000 2,662,000 2,928,200GRANTED LOANS2,000,000 2,200,000 2,420,000 2,662,000 2,928,200REIMBURSEMENTFINANCIAL OPERATIONS 2,000,000 2,200,000 2,420,000 2,662,000 2,928,200XV. RESERVE FUNDS 0 0 0 0 0RESERVES 0 0 0 0 0

67GIURGIUINDICATOR NAMEXVI. SPECIAL DESTINATIONLOANSACCOMPL. PROPOSALS ESTIMATES ESTIMATES ESTIMATES ESTIMATES2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 200619,438,912 181,000,000 199,100,000 219,010,000 240,911,000 265,002,100CURRENT EXPENSES 56,006 0 0 0 0 0PERSONNEL EXPENSES 32,200 0 0 0 0MATERIALS AND SERVICESEXPENSES23,806 0 0 0 0SUBSIDIES 0 0 0 0 0TRANSFERS 0 0 0 0 0CAPITAL EXPENSES 19,382,906 181,000,000 199,100,000 219,010,000 240,911,000 265,002,100XVII. EXCESS / DEFICIT 300,154 0 0 0 0 0III.3 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AND IDENTIFIED PROJECTSSOCIALItemNo.1.2.3.SpecificObjectives1. Promotingindependence;2. Offeringsocial protectionbased on afocused meanstesting;3. Partnershipswith otherorganisations.1. Promotingindependence;2. Providingsocial protectionbased on afocused testingof means;3. Partnershipswith otherorganisations.Financing:- Mayoralty- Other SourcesProject TitleGiurgiu mayoralty;Pensioners' MutualHelp House ofGiurgiu;Giurgiu district Day care centrecouncil; for old peopleHouse of Culture”Ion Vinea” ofGiurgiu;PHARE financing.Giurgiu mayoralty;National ResearchInstitute for Labourand SocialProtection,Bucharest;House of Culture-”Ion Vinea” ofGiurgiu;PHARE financing.Giurgiu mayoralty;Giurgiu DistrictSchoolInspectorship;PHARE financing.MacroprojectGiurgiu-CalarasiCălăraşi:Promotingsocialintegration ofdisadvantagedgroupsGiurgiu:Vocationaltraining andcouncelingCenterModernisationof vocationaleducationsystems andinnovation in thefield ofeducation andprofessionaltraining4 micro-projects(Beneficiaries: 4EstimatedProjectValue (euro)Period76,940 12 months58,160 12 months62,500 /project12 monthsInstitutions /Departments inChargePensioners' MutualHelp House ofGiurgiuNational ResearchInstitute for Labourand SocialProtection,BucharestGiurgiu mayoralty2 micro-projectsPartnershipsGiurgiumayoralty;Giurgiu districtcouncil;House ofCulture ”IonVinea” ofGiurgiu.Giurgiumayoralty;House ofCulture ”IonVinea” ofGiurgiu.Giurgiu DistrictSchoolInspectorship;economicadministrativeschool ”IonBarbu” Giurgiu;Vocationalschool forconstructionsno.1 Giurgiu.Monitoring andEvaluationMonitoring:Institutions incharge, partnersand ContractingAuthority;Evaluation:ContractingAuthorityMonitoring:Institutions incharge, partnersand ContractingAuthority;Evaluation:ContractingAuthorityProjectStageProjectsubmitted forevaluationProject inprogressProject inprogress(submittingterm – 12July 2002)

68MUNICIPALITYItemNo.SpecificObjectivesFinancing:- Mayoralty- Other SourcesProject Titlevocationalschools inGiurgiu)EstimatedProjectValue (euro)PeriodInstitutions /Departments inChargeGiurgiu DistrictSchoolInspectorship2 micro-projectsPartnershipsGiurgiumayoralty- naval school”Viceamiral IoanBălănescu”- Chemistryschool ”MironNicolescu”Monitoring andEvaluationProjectStage4.Giurgiu mayoralty;PHARE financing.Family house”Libelula”62,500 12 monthsGiurgiu mayoraltyGiurgiumayoralty;Giurgiu DistrictCouncil;NGO in the fieldof childprotection.Proposal5.1. Promotingindependence;2. Providingsocial protectionbased on afocused meanstesting;3. Partnershipswith otherorganisations.Association ofGerman PopularUniversitiesTraining ofdisabledpersons'personalattendants40,0006-10monthsGiurgiu mayoraltyAssociation ofGermanPopularUniversities;;I.S.T.P.H.Giurgiu;House ofCulture ”IonVinea” ofGiurgiu.Monitoring:Institutions incharge, partnersand ContractingAuthority;Evaluation:ContractingAuthorityProposal6.Providing socialprotectionbased on afocused meanstesting;Giurgiu mayoraltyModernisationof the SocialCanteen70,000 3 months Giurgiu mayoraltyMonitoring:GiurgiumayoraltyProposalECONOMICItemNo.1.2.SpecificObjectivesEconomicgrowth anddevelopment ofthe town ofGiurgiuFinancing:- Mayoralty- Other SourcesGiurgiu mayoralty;Partnership public– private;Foreign financingprogrammes;PHARE, ISPA,PHARE CBC.Giurgiu mayoralty;Partnership public–private;Foreign financingProgrammes;PHARE, ISPA, PHARECBC.Project TitleRing roadconstructionConstruction ofthe natural gasfeed anddistributionnetworkEstimatedProjectValue (euro)300,000Period12monthSInstitutions /Departments inChargeGiurgiu mayoralty,DADP Giurgiu.1,000,000 24 months Giurgiu mayoraltyPartnershipsGiurgiumayoralty;private legalpersons.Giurgiumayoralty;Foreignfinancinginstitutions.Monitoring andEvaluationMonitoring:Institutions incharge, partnersand ContractingAuthorityEvaluation:ContractingAuthorityProjectStageFeasibilityStudyProjectdrafting inprogress–auction forthe selectionof thecompany thatwill draft thefeasibilitystudy

69GIURGIUItemNo.3.4.5.6.7.8.SpecificObjectivesEconomicgrowth anddevelopment ofthe town ofGiurgiuEconomicgrowth anddevelopment ofthe town ofGiurgiuEconomicgrowth anddevelopment ofthe town ofGiurgiuEconomicgrowth anddevelopment ofthe town ofGiurgiuEconomicgrowth anddevelopment ofthe town ofGiurgiuEconomicgrowth anddevelopment ofthe town ofGiurgiuFinancing:- Mayoralty- Other SourcesEuropeanCommunity –Stability PactModernisation andextension of thetechnical andbuilding networkDevelopment oftourism and ecotourismin theDanube areaCreating a cerealmarket andstorage capacitiesCreation of awholesale marketequipped withsorting and prepackagingcapacitiesDevelopment ofsmall and mediumsized enterprisesProject TitleDevelopment ofsmall andmedium sizedenterprises–BusinessIncubatorGiurgiumayoralty;Partnershippublic-private;Foreigncompanies.EuropeanCommunity -ProgrammePHARE CBCEuropeanCommunity-SAPARDProgrammeEuropeanCommunity-SAPARDProgrammeGovernment ofRomania,EuropeanCommunity,SouthDevelopmentAgencyMunteniaEstimatedProjectValue (euro)Period150,000 12 monthsInstitutions /Departments inChargeEconomic Instituteof Giurgiu,German Rectors'Association BRIE,Local ConsortiumGiurgiu1,000,000 24 months Giurgiu mayoralty150,000 12 months200,000 12 months150,000 12 months850,000 24 monthsThe Institutiondrafting the projectThe Institutiondrafting the projectThe Institutiondrafting the projectSmall and mediumenterprise whichbenefit fromfinancingPartnershipsEconomicInstitute ofGiurgiuLocal -ConsortiumGiurgiuGiurgiumayoralty –partenershippublic-private,foreigncompaniesMonitoring andEvaluationMonitoring:Institutions incharge, partnersand ContractingAuthority;Evaluation:ContractingAuthorityMonitoring:Institutions incharge, partnersand ContractingAuthority;Evaluation:ContractingAuthorityMonitoring:Institutions incharge, partnersand ContractingAuthority;Evaluation:ContractingAuthorityMonitoring:Institutions incharge, partnersand ContractingAuthority;Evaluation:ContractingAuthorityMonitoring:Institutions incharge, partnersand ContractingAuthority;Evaluation:ContractingAuthorityMonitoring:Institutions incharge, partnersand ContractingAuthority;Evaluation:ContractingAuthorityProjectStageProjectdrafting inprogressProjectdrafting inprogressProjectdrafting inprogressProjectdrafting inprogressProjectdrafting inprogressProject to beimplemented

70MUNICIPALITYTOWN PLANNING AND PUBLIC INVESTMENTItemNo.1.2.3.SpecificObjectivesCapitalisation ofthe tourism andrecreationpotential of thetown of GiurgiuImprovement ofthe technicalandconstructionendowments inthe Old TownÎmprovement ofthe housingconditionsFinancing:- Mayoralty- Other SourcesGiurgiu mayoralty;Private funds;Concessions;Giurgiu districtcouncil;Foreign financing;GovernmentFinancing;Giurgiu mayoraltyand otherinvestors.Educationinstitutions andpartnersGiurgiu mayoralty;Foreign financing.Project TitleLocal TownDevelopmentPlan (P.U.Z.)Giurgiu 2Vama NouăConstruction ofa HolidayVillage by theDanubeDetailed TownPlan (P.U.D.)-Riverside areaSf. Gheorghecanal-P.U.D.-Recreationarea ”SteauaDunării”ExecutionprojectExecution ofdomesticsewerage worksin area B (OldTown)Housing foryoung people;Assembly”SteauaDunării”;Assembly”Dudului III”;Rehabilitation ofworkers' hostelsas 1-2 roomflats in the Istruarea.EstimatedProjectValue (euro)4,00020 million20,0005 million(estimated)20,00010 million(estimated)7 billion Lei25 billion Lei18 billion Lei20 billion Lei20 billion LeiPeriod4 months3 years6 months2 years4 months2 years4 months3 years2 years2 years2 yearsInstitutions /Departments inChargeGiurgiu mayoralty;Ministry ofTourism.Giurgiu mayoraltyand investorsGiurgiu mayoraltyand other investorsGiurgiu mayoraltyGiurgiu mayoralty;Ministry of PublicWorks,Transportation andHousing (MLPTL);Giurgiu mayoralty–MLPTL.PartnershipsGiurgiumayoralty;Danubius S.A.Giurgiu;Navrom Giurgiu.Giurgiumayoralty andinvestorsGiurgiumayoralty andother investorsGiurgiumayoraltyconcessionsGiurgiumayoralty;MLPTL.Giurgiumayoralty;MLPTL.Monitoring andEvaluationGiurgiumayorlty;Institutions incharge;Partners.Giurgiumayoralty andpartnersGiurgiumayoralty andpartnersGiurgiumayoralty andpartnersGiurgiumayoralty;MLPTL.Giurgiumayoralty;MLPTL.ProjectStageLocal towndevelopmentplan draftingin progressPreliminarydocumentation exists;TopographicsurveyDocumentation drafting inprogressExecutionprojectachieved asdocumentationCompletedtehnicalprojectTechnicalprojectcompleted4.5.6.Concert hall -EducationCentre forpermanenteducationTourismcapitalisation ofthe townmonumentsTourismcapitalisation of thetownmonumentsGiurgiu mayoralty -Ministry of Culture;World Bank.Giurgiu mayoralty;Investors.Giurgiu mayoraltyRehabilita-tionof the NicolaeBălănescuAtheneumReinforce-mentof the ClockTower anddevelopment ofthe adjancentareaTourismcapitalisation ofthe IslandFortress430,000 3 years300, 000euroMinistry ofCultureMinistry ofCultureWorld Bank4 years Giurgiu mayoralty Investors33,000 1 year Giurgiu mayoralty -Institutions;Partners;PhilarmonicOrchestra;SchoolInspectorship.Institutions;Partners;HistoricMonumentsDirectorate.Institutions;Partners;HistoricMonumentsDirectorate.Projectsubmitted forapprovalProjectdrafting inprogressProjectdrafting inprogress

71GIURGIUENVIRONMENTa) Air pollution preventionItemNo.1.SpecificObjectivesReduction ofpollutingemanationsfrom industryand householdsFinancing:- Mayoralty- Other SourcesForeign Sources;Project IDAQ"Assistance forRomania in view ofthe implementationof the directivesregarding airquality";District Council.Phare CBCProject TitleRe-engineeringthe electric andthermal powerstation,rehabilitationandmodernisationof the heatingsystem;Iinstallation oflow pollutionburners in thepower steamboilers;Development ofa control systemfor the trafficand stationarysourcesemanatingpollution at theBulgarian-Romanianborder.Equip vehiclefuel loadingplatforms withSNP Petrom S.A. COV recoveryBucharest; installations atthe GiurgiuProject IDAQbranch PECO"Assistance for storage (internalRomania in view of storage -the implementation Bucharestof the directives Avenue, no.86regarding air and exportquality". storage -IndustrialPlatform Southof Giurgiu)Recovery ofCOV at vehicleSNP Petrom S.A.fueling and oilBucharest;tankersunloading at theProject IDAQGiurgiu PECO"Assistance for branch - PECORomania in view of gas stations No.the implementation 2 (Avenue Mihaiof the directives Viteazu) and 3regarding air (Avenue.quality". Bucureşti, no.86)EstimatedProjectValue (euro)Period- 2010---Institutions /Departments inChargeTermoelectricaGiurgiu S.A.;District Council.Ministry of Watersand EnvironmentProtection;Inspectorate forEnvironmentProtection, Giurgiu.SNP Petrom S.A.BucharestSNP Petrom S.A.BucharestPartnershipsMonitoring andEvaluationProjectStage- Proposal-Monitoring:Institutions incharge, partnersand ContractingAuthorityEvaluation:ContractingAuthorityMonitoring:Institutions incharge, partnersand ContractingAuthorityEvaluation:ContractingAuthorityApprovedProjectProposalProposal

72MUNICIPALITYItemNo.SpecificObjectivesFinancing:- Mayoralty- Other SourcesSNP Petrom S.A.Bucharest;Project IDAQ"Assistance forRomania in view ofthe implementationof the directivesregarding airquality".Project TitleProvide fueltransporttankers withCOV recoverysystems -Giurgiu PECObranch –Internal storageEstimatedProjectValue (euro)-PeriodInstitutions /Departments inChargeSNP Petrom S.A.BucharestPartnershipsMonitoring andEvaluationProjectStageProposalVerachim S.A.;Project IDAQ"Assistance forRomania in view ofthe implementationof the directivesregarding airquality".Giurgiu mayoraltyBurningtechnology andmonitoring anddepollutingequipment forthe air pollutinginstallations atVerachim S.A.GiurgiuRoadsmodernisationand asphaltcoating- 400,000 Verachim S.A. Proposalb) Surface watersItemNo.1.SpecificObjectivesImprovement ofthe surfacewaters qualityandmaintenancewithin acceptedquality limitsFinancing:- Mayoralty- Other SourcesStability Pact forSouth East Europe--Phare CBCProject TitleRe-engineeringof the usedwaters filteringstation andrehabilitation ofseweragenetworks inGiurgiuRedimensioningofrain waterseweragenetworks todecommissionthe rain waterretaining basinsin GiurgiuRain anddomestic watersewerage –Giurgiu freezoneEnvironmentprotection in theDanube areaand TransportfacilitiesEstimatedProjectValue (euro)PeriodInstitutions /Departments inChargePartnerships25million - Giurgiu mayoralty -Monitoring andEvaluationProjectStageProjectsubmitted forevalua-tion- - Giurgiu mayoralty - Proposal0.6 million Giurgiu free zone3.73 millionGiurgiu DanubeportsadministrationGiurgiuInspectorship forEnvironmentProtection-Monitoring:Institutions incharge, partnersand ContractingAuthority;Evaluation:ContractingAuthorityProjectsubmitted forevaluationwith theMinistry ofWaters andEnviron-mentProtectionM.A.P.M.Financingapproved

73GIURGIUItemNo.SpecificObjectivesFinancing:- Mayoralty- Other Sources-Project TitleEcologicalreconstructionof the winterbasinPlants ChannelEstimatedProjectValue (euro)Period- -Institutions /Departments inChargePartnershipsMonitoring andEvaluationProjectStageGiurgiu Danubeportsadministration - Proposalc) Drinking waterItemNo.1.2.SpecificObjectivesEvaluation ofwater pollutionhazardImprovement ofthe drinkingwater supply forthe populationFinancing:- Mayoralty- Other Sources----Project TitleEvaluation ofthe existingsituationregarding thedrinking watersupply along thewater collecting- distribution -consumptionrouteRedimensioningand extensionof the drinkingwater networkMonitoring theconsumers'drinking waterconsumptionand extendingthe of use ofwater metresEvaluation ofdrinking waterconsumption forindustrialpurposesEstimatedProjectValue (euro)Period- -Institutions /Departments inChargePublic HealthDepartmentPartnerships-Monitoring andEvaluationProjectStageStudydraftingproposal- - Giurgiu mayoralty - Proposal- - Giurgiu mayoralty -- - -StudydraftingproposalStudydraftingproposald) Prevention of pollution damage to soil and natureItemNo.1.SpecificObjectivesPreserving theintegrity of theforest fundFinancing:- Mayoralty- Other Sources-Project TitleDeclaration ofthe Danuberiverside area(OstrovulMocanu andMocănaşu) asprotected areasof local interestEstimatedProjectValue (euro)Period- -Institutions /Departments inChargeGiurgiuInspectorship forEnvironmentProtection;Giurgiu districtcouncilPartnershipsMonitoring andEvaluationProjectStage- Proposal

74MUNICIPALITYItemNo.2.3.SpecificObjectivesDevelopment ofnew greenareas in Giurgiuand theimprovement ofthe existingonesEcologicalReconstructionof damagedlandsFinancing:- Mayoralty- Other Sources-Local Budget;Other sources;Own sourcesVerachim S.A.;Forest department.Own sources;Foreign sources.Project TitleEvaluation ofthe hunting andfishing fund andthe applicationof correctivemeasuresCreation of aprotectioncurtain-Creating aprotectioncurtain aroundChemicalPlatform II ofVerachim S.A.Ecologicalreconstructionof the GiurgiuSud area whereChemicalPlatform I ofVerachim S.A.operatedEstimatedProjectValue (euro)Period- -Institutions /Departments inChargeGiurgiu Forestdepartment;Giurgiu DistrictHunters' andFishermen'sAssociation;GiurgiuInspectorship forEnvironmentProtection.- - Verachim S.A.PartnershipsMonitoring andEvaluationMonitoring:Institutions incharge, partnersand ContractingAuthority;Evaluation:ContractingAuthorityProjectStageStudydraftingproposalProposal- - Verachim S.A. Proposale) Wastes managementItemNo.1.SpecificObjectivesConstruction,operationmonitoring,decommissioning and post -commissioningsurveillance ofthe new wastestorages andsurveillance ofexistingstoragesFinancing:- Mayoralty- Other SourcesPhare CBCOwn SourcesOwn SourcesProject TitleEcologicaldomesticwastes storagein GiurgiuDecommissioning and postdecommissioning surveillance ofthe currentexistingdomesticwastes storageof the GiurgiutownConstruction ofa collectivewaste collectingsystem inGiurgiuEstimatedProjectValue (euro)11,275millionPeriodInstitutions /Departments inChargePartnerships- Giurgiu mayoralty -Monitoring andEvaluationProjectStageProjectsubmitted forevaluation- - Giurgiu mayoralty -Monitoring:ProposalInstitutions incharge,Partners andContractingAuthority;Evaluation:- - Giurgiu mayoralty -Contracting ProposalAuthority

75GIURGIUIII.4. MONITORING AND EVALUATING INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURESa) Mayoralty Departments that monitor and evaluate projects and programmesLOCAL ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT1 Local administration service2 Legal and administrative office3 Agricultural officeECONOMIC DEPARTMENT5 Accounting office6 Finance - budgets service7 Human resources office8 Patrimony administration officeTECHNICAL DEPARTMENT9. Town planning service10 Investment service11 Auctions and contracts officeCOMMUNITY RELATIONS DEPARTMENT12 Mass media office13 European integration and Environment protection office14 Protocol and Public relations officeTAX DEPARTMENT15 Data recording and processing office16 Audit officeLAND BOOK AND AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT17 Land book service18 Agricultural and veterinarian assistance service19 Commercial service20 Accounting and financial bureau21 Education, culture and sport bureauSOCIAL CANTEEN AND SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SERVICES DEPARTMENT22 Social support service23 Disabled persons bureau24 NGO relations and strategy officeThe Local Coordination Bureau LA 21 monitors and evaluates the implementation of the Sustainable DevelopmentLocal Strategy and of the Local Action Plan based on the Sustainable Development Indicators System.

76MUNICIPALITYIII.5 ANNEXESTotal grant value: 39,984 USDGrant for Giurgiu: 14,811 USDCo-financing: 16,175 USD4. BRIE Project - "Bulgarian - RomanianEuropean Inter-University Centre"ANNEX AFOREIGN FUNDING PROJECTS INPROGRESS1. Social houses in zone B "Caramidaria Veche"Investment project including the construction of socialhouses, utility networks, connecting andcommissioning of 72 flats (1 and 2 rooms)Financing value: 2.7 million USD - Cooperation withMLPAT and with the British building company MivanKier2. Rehabilitation of the thermal heating systemin the "Policlinica" neighbourhood - P.T. 91Investment project consisting of fitting blocksubstations, and replacing heating ducts and waterpipes.Financing value: 1,050,000 USDCooperation with DEPA Denmark - Ramboll companyProject No: 1615/1999Completed project - to be continued3. Reduction of the greenhouse effect gasemissions by implementing power controlequipment in schoolsProject coordinator: Giurgiu MayoraltyLocal partner: Global Energy Serv;USA partner: Sandhill AssociatesProject consists of the implementation of a new heatingsystem at the local level, in order to reduce the gas emissionsin schoolsFinancing by ECOLINKS: - Cycle V: 60,961 USDPartnership between the Giurgiu mayoralty, GiurgiuEconomic College, Bucharest Academy of EconomicStudies, Ruse (Bulgaria) University and ViandraUniversity of Frankfurt, GermanyProject objectives:- Set up the legal basis for the inter-universityrelations- Develop the Ruse-Giurgiu Euro-region- Create possibilities for financing anddevelopment of the trans-border cooperation- Establish a Business Incubator for thecollege graduates5. Modernisation of the heating and domestichot water supply system for the Negru Vodaneighborhood in GiurgiuProject objectives:- Eliminate the technological functionperformed by Thermal Point 20 and replaceit with 24 compact thermal sub-stations- Replace the secondary thermal agentdistribution network with pre-insulated ductsCurrent situation:ISCE Bucharest drafted a feasibility studyThe amount of 1.3 billion ? was obtained from theSpecial Fund for Power System Development, throughARCEThe technical design was ordered and the auction forthe works assignment will be organised.

77GIURGIU6. Establish the common air quality monitoringsystem in the Romanian and Bulgarian bordertowns located along the Lower Danube (TurnuMagurele-Nikopol, Simnicea-Svistiv, Giurgiu-Ruse, Calarasi-Silistra)General objectives:- Consolidate the cooperation in the borderarea in order to overcome the specificproblems due to the difference in theeconomic development- Establish a database on the air pollution inthe region- Set up a population warning and informationsystem.PHARE Project CBC-RO 9911 - PHARE financingProject coordinator: Ministry of Waters andEnvironment ProtectionOther institutions involved: IPM Alexandria and IPMCalarasiProject value: 1.7 million euro, out of which 0.5 millioneuro is the Romanian Government contributionCurrent situation: the monitoring system startedoperating on 15 September 2002.7. Protection of the Danube Wet Areas - Pilotproject in the Cama Dinu islands areaGeneral objectives:- Draft a survey regarding the influence of theenvironment factors: water, air, and soil onthe evolution of the fauna and flora in theregion- Set up a database on the quality of theenvironment in the area- Acquire high quality instruments for theGiurgiu Environment Protection InspectoratePHARE financing 2001: The proposal was approvedby the European Commission Managing Committeeon 4 June 2001 and the Financing Memorandum wasexecuted on 12 April 2002.Total value: 2.66 million euro including a 2 million euroPHARE contributionProject coordinator: Ministry of Waters andEnvironment Protection and Giurgiu EnvironmentProtection InspectorateFinancing started in 2001Current situation: The Terms of Reference arefinalised.8. Ecological protection works and transportfacilities in the Danube areaGeneral objectives:- Protect the Danube waters- Develop the environment management inthe Romanian -Bulgarian Danube borderarea in order to be able to face cases ofaccidental pollution- Provide water quality monitoring systems forthe Inspectorates in the area along theDanube- Provide a Depol ship for interventions incase of major accidental pollutionProject of the Giurgiu Local Council, promoted by theGiurgiu Environment Protection Inspectorate,submitted to the Ministry of Waters and EnvironmentProtection, who submitted it further to the Ministry ofPrognosis and Development.Total value: 3.73 million euroValue of the water quality monitoring equipment: 0.4million euro, including 0.3 million euro contributed byPHAREThe project was approved in Brussels, the FinancingMemorandum was executed on 11 June 2000 and theTerms of Reference were submitted.The project obtained the principle agreement of theBulgarian party.Cooperation with the Giurgiu Port and River DanubeAdministrationCurrent situation: the technical offer documentation isbeing finalised with the international consultant.

78MUNICIPALITYANNEX BDISTRICT AND REGIONAL COOPERATIONCOOPERATION AT DISTRICT LEVEL• The project "Decentralisation of SchoolBudgets" was initiated together with the Britishgovernment and requires good cooperation atthe district level. The project covers threeschools in the district.• Project: Introduction of natural gas distribution -an absolute priority for the Giurgiu Community.Government guarantees need to be obtained inorder to obtain the foreign loan necessary forthe work. The project can only be achieved incooperation with 8 other localities in the Giurgiudistrict, located along the route of connection tothe existing network. The project impliescooperation among several localadministrations in the district, and requires theharmonisation of interests, drafting of commonsurveys or common financing.• Project: Protection of the Danube Wet Areas -pilot project involving the Cama Dinu area.Inspection of the compliance with the provisionsof the Convention regarding Biological Diversityand of the Convention regarding Protection andUtilisation of Border Waterways andInternational Lakes. The project aims toimprove the quality of the Danube waters andproposes solutions regarding the restoration ofthe Green Corridor along the Lower Danube.The Giurgiu district proposed two areas to beincluded in the Corridor: the Cama Dinu Islandand the Greaca developed area.Within the framework of the cooperation between thelocal and regional authorities, in 1990 the RomanianDanube Districts League was established. It functionsas an NGO, with the Giurgiu district prefect aschairman.COOPERATION AT REGION LEVELThe town of Giurgiu is located at the border withBulgaria and the river Danube, altogether an importantarea.Many years ago a mixed Romanian BulgarianCommission was established in the field ofenvironmental protection. Its activity initially consistedof an exchange of data regarding the environmentalprotection on both Danube riversides, and in takingcommon intervention measures in the case ofaccidental pollution or for pollution reduction purposes.Common actions became more diversified over timeand the Commission is currently called Ruse GiurgiuEcological and Health Commission and carries outregular common activities on the basis of statutes andby-laws.The good cooperation between the two mayoralties,between other institutions, commercial companies andcultural institutions made it possible for aMemorandum - Convention to be signed on 22December 2000. The Memorandum - Conventionestablished the principles that stand at the basis of thecreation of our Euro-region. On 23 April 2001 theConvention for the Creation of the Bulgarian-Romanian Euro-Region for Trans-Border Cooperationbetween Giurgiu and Ruse was signed. Thisconvention established the legal framework necessaryfor improved cooperation between the two parties,especially for the development of common transborderprojects, which are important for thedevelopment of the whole area.ANNEX CPRIVATE - PUBLIC PARTNERSHIPThe programmes of Assistance to the LocalAdministration in Central and East Europe, theprogrammes organised in the field of municipalcrediting and the ones implemented by RTI (LGA) areknown at the municipality level. The town of Giurgiudid not directly benefit from such programmes or fromforeign assistance. It only had its representativesparticipate in a few information sessions andseminars.The town of Giurgiu benefited from the assistance ofUSAID, Bucharest IRIS CENTER, the United StatesEmbassy in Bucharest and RTI (Research TriangleInstitute) for two programmes:1. "Simple and Rapid Business" - de-regulationprogramme in five stages - intended for thesimplification of the small and medium enterpriseslicensing procedures

79GIURGIU2. Local public administration transparency -programme intended to increase transparency in thedecision making process, with the active participationof citizens in matters of common interest for thecommunity.Giurgiu was the host of a study-tour organised for ateam of Ukrainian specialists in several fields ofactivity, interested in the experience acquired by thetown of Giurgiu in the programme "Simple and RapidBusiness".Due to its good results, Giurgiu hosted trainingseminars in several stages (January - February 2002)with various partners, organised for 40 local publicservants and several representatives of mayoralties inthe country. The training was organised in cooperationwith IRIS CENTER and it dealt with the improvementof transparency at the local public administration leveland we were given as an example of citizenparticipation in the decision making process. RTIassisted in the organisation of training courses in thefield of budget distribution per projects (June - July2002), which was attended by 30 heads ofcompartments.Our USAID partners assisted us in the organisation oftraining courses for the public servants employed bythe Giurgiu mayoralty in 2001 and 2002. The subjectmatter was: Public-private partnerships for small andmedium sized enterprises and exchanges ofexperience regarding the transparency in the activityof the local and central public administration. Bothcourses were organised in Poland.The Giurgiu mayoralty regularly organised trainingcourses, in cooperation with the Centre for ContinuousTraining of Local Public Administration Employees inthe field of public relations, budget/finances, auditing,local public administration management, and publicservices.Representatives of the mayoralty and localcounsellors attended training courses abroad andeconomic missions in EU countries and in othercountries. These courses were focused on theestablishing of public-private partnerships between thelocal public administration and foreign publicadministrations and were aimed at supporting theconsolidation of the institutional capacity.Some of the mayoralty employees participated in thelocal public administration management courseorganised by the authorities of Bavaria, Germany.Public-private partnerships were developed within thecontext of the programme "Development of CivilSociety 2000", the PARTNER component ofInstitutional Development, financed by PHARE, asfollows:Giurgiu mayoralty - Bethel FoundationGiurgiu mayoralty - "Ion Vinea" Youth AssociationGiurgiu mayoralty - Sfantul Gheorghe FoundationThe Giurgiu local partnership group (Giurgiu mayoraltyas applicant and "Ion Vinea" Youth Association,Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture,Giurgiu Local Council, State Inspectorate for DisabledPersons, "Ion Vinea" House of Culture, SfantulGheorghe Foundation) was accepted in the PHAREfinanced programme "Development of Civil Society2000" - Partner Component - InstitutionalDevelopment.ANNEX DSOME LOCAL COUNCIL DECISIONSREGARDING CERTAIN ACTIVITIESCARRIED OUT AT THE MAYORALTY ANDGIURGIU TOWN LEVEL WHICH STAND ASTHE BASIS FOR THE PROGRAMMES, SUB-PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTSGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 5 dated28.01.1999 for approval of the regulations regardingwater supply, sewerage and heating services for thetown of GiurgiuGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 35 dated31.03.1999 for approval of the feasibility studyregarding the investment objective "Modernisation ofthe Water and Sewerage Networks in the B Area ofGiurgiu"Giurgiu Local Council Decision No. 78 dated27.05.1999 for approval of the water and thermalpower apartment metering regulationGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 137 dated26.08.1999 for approval of the project for rehabilitationof the radial structure surrounding the Clock TowerGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 14 dated07.10.1999 for approval of the public transportationroutes restructuring programme developed by S.C.TRACUM S.A.

80MUNICIPALITYGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 6 dated27.01.2000 for approval of the location for the blocksof flats built by ANL (National Housing Agency)Giurgiu Local Council Decision No. 20 dated30.03.2000 for principle approval of the financing of apreservation and restructuring project of the GiurgiuMedieval CityGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 21 dated30.03.2000 for approval of the project "Improvement ofthe Water Supply, Rehabilitation and Extension of theDistribution Networks and of the Water Collecting andFiltering Installations in the town of Giurgiu"Giurgiu Local Council Decision No. 25 dated30.03.2000 regarding extension of the convention ofassociation between the local council, the municipalcouncil and the district council for the financial supportof the Giurgiu Philharmonic Orchestra in 2000Giurgiu Local Council Decision No. 85 dated25.05.2000 regarding granting financial support for thedevelopment of an education and communitydevelopment programmeGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 107 dated27.07.2000 for the approval of the technical andeconomic indicators related to the investment "NaturalGas Distribution in Giurgiu"Giurgiu Local Council Decision No. 128 dated31.08.2000 regarding the twinning of the town ofGiurgiu and the town of Peristeri, GreeceGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 129 dated31.08.2000 regarding the participation of the town ofGiurgiu in the programme "Five Star City"Giurgiu Local Council Decision No. 173 dated30.11.2000 regarding the establishment of thedepartment of "Reform, Prognosis and SustainableDevelopment" in the Giurgiu mayoraltyGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 179 dated31.11.2000 regarding granting of facilities tocommercial companies located in the Central MarketareaGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 200 dated28.12.2000 regarding the approval of the feasibilitystudy for the objective "Modernisation of the ThermalPoint of Association No. 20 in Giurgiu"Giurgiu Local Council Decision No. 10 dated25.01.2001 regarding zonal dividing of the town ofGiurgiuGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 15 dated25.01.2001 regarding approval for contracting aforeign loan for the investment "Gas Distribution"Giurgiu Local Council Decision No. 37 dated29.03.2001 for approval of the project regarding thecooperation between the mayoralties of Giurgiu andRuse for the creation of Euro-region Ruse-GiurgiuGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 39 dated29.03.2001 for approval of the technical-economicalindicators included in the feasibility study for theinvestment "Giurgiu Domestic Wastes EcologicalWarehouse"Giurgiu Local Council Decision No. 50 dated29.03.2001 for approval of PUZ for "Residential andRecreation Area - Vama Noua, Giurgiu 2"Giurgiu Local Council Decision No. 51 dated29.03.2001 for approval of the extension of the socialsupport canteenGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 52 dated29.03.2001 for approval of the cooperation protocolbetween the Giurgiu local council and S.C. ICMUGS.A.Giurgiu Local Council Decision No. 56 dated29.03.2001 for approval of the negotiation ofcommercial spaces and the principle approval for theOpportunity Study regarding concession of the land inthe Central Market areaGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 57 dated29.03.2001 for approval of the opportunity studies andspecification book regarding concession of land inGiurgiuGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 66 dated26.04.2001 for approval of the opportunity studyregarding concession of land in the Central MarketareaGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 76 dated31.05.2001 for ecological tax exemption for passengerbuses travelling along the Giurgiu-Ruse routeGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 77 dated31.05.2001 for the transfer of lands in Giurgiu to ANLfor free exploitationGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 98 dated31.05.2001 for approval of an opportunity study andterms of reference for the concession of the municipalswimming pool

81GIURGIUGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 106 dated28.06.2001 for updating the fines applied for failure toobserve the Giurgiu town maintenance rulesGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 117 dated26.07.2001 for approval of the financing ofdevelopment works on the land used for theconstruction of residential blocksGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 201 dated29.11.2001 for approval of the foreign loan agreementfor the amount of 18,100,000 USD for the investment"Natural Gas Distribution in Giurgiu"Giurgiu Local Council Decision No. 205 dated29.11.2001 for maintenance of Giurgiu Local CouncilDecision No. 2001 (principle approval for theestablishment of a public administration service)Giurgiu Local Council Decision No. 206 dated29.11.2001 for approval for the implementation of theproject "Transparency in the Local PublicAdministration"Giurgiu Local Council Decision No. 216 dated27.12.2001 for approval of the wastes managementplan for the town of GiurgiuGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 17 dated28.02.2002 for approval of the Statute of Organisationfor the Giurgiu-Ruse Euro-regionGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 18 dated28.02.2002 for the principle approval for theparticipation of the local council in the construction ofthe Industrial Park in the North area of GiurgiuGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 33 dated28.03.2002 for approval of the main technical andeconomic indicators of the investment objective"Consolidation, restoration, development andextension of the Nicolae Balanescu Athenaeum"Giurgiu Local Council Decision No. 34 dated28.02.2002 for approval of the acquisition of a singleshostel in block D Istru - GiurgiuGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 82 dated16.05.2002 for approval of the participation ofDGSPGC in the temporary labour occupationprogrammeGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 83 dated16.05.2002 for approval of a project regarding thesocial integration of the unfavourable populationgroups in GiurgiuGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 84 dated16.05.2002 for the project for improvement of thewater filtering systemGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 92 dated16.05.2002 for approval of the evaluation committee ofthe offer and terms of reference - bus acquisition byS.C. TRACUM S.A.Giurgiu Local Council Decision No. 95 dated16.05.2002 for approval of the PUZ stage for thecentral area of GiurgiuGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 108 dated30.05.2002 for approval of a cooperation agreementwith S.C. IPA S.A. BucharestGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 119 dated27.06.2002 for establishing the conditions for themeetings between the local councillors and the towninhabitantsGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 123 dated27.06.2002 for granting the principle agreement for theconstruction of a playground for children and youngpeopleGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 133 dated27.06.2002 for the allocation of 10,200 euro for apublicity space in the "Der Tagesspiegel" newspaperANNEX EBILATERAL AGREEMENTSThe town of Giurgiu has been twinned with the townof Ruse, Bulgaria since 1997 and with the town ofPeriseri, Greece since 2000. No bilateral agreementshave been concluded regarding the achievement ofcommon programmes, subprogrammes or projects ofa local or regional interest. There is a goodcooperation between these towns, exchanges ofexperience in all fields of activity with the two townsand with many other localities and mayoralties inRomania and abroad. The twinning of Giurgiu andIzmail in the region of Odeska, Ukraine is under wayand the debates between the two municipalities are inprogress.The mixed Romanian - Bulgarian commission forenvironmental protection has been functioning since1994 and further extended its initial activities. Theactivity of this Commission is currently carried out inoptimum conditions based on a protocol, statutes and

82MUNICIPALITYby-laws, under the name of the EcologicalCommission for Health Ruse-Giurgiu. TheCommission deals with solving ecological problemsoccurring in the region and with the submitting offinancial requirements for common or "mirror" projectsto the appropriate authorities.The Convention for the Creation of the Bulgarian-Romanian Euro-region for Trans-Border CooperationRuse-Giurgiu No. 1136/26.04.2001 has beenconcluded between the mayoralties of Giurgiu andRuse and it laid the legal basis for trans-borderactivities and common projects.The Romanian-Bulgarian IntergovernmentalCommission for Environmental Protection operates ata ministry level, based on Government Resolution No.546/1993. The Environmental Protection Inspectoratemade an agreement with the RIOSV - Ruse, Bulgariato submit monthly reports on the quality ofenvironmental factors in the two towns.Cooperation exists in the field of culture and sportsbetween the two towns. The Ion Vinea House ofCulture made cooperation protocols with culturalinstitutions and NGO's in Ruse. The Ecologist Society"New Alliance" made cooperation protocols in the fieldof youth activities and environmental protection withNGO's in Ruse, Veliko Tarnovo and Gabrovo,Bulgaria.■

83GIURGIUIV. PRIORITY PROJECTSA. SOCIAL AND WELFARE1. Day care centre for elderly personsa) Person in charge representing the Giurgiumunicipality: Rodica Chiricuta - chief of theDepartment for Strategy and NGO RelationsSocial support canteen and social assistance servicesb) Social impact: The main problem associated withthe usual activities of the CARP (Pensioners' MutualHelp House) is the lack of space. The extension of theCARP space and the reorganisation of its activity willallow for a shorter time being spent on specificoperations and less waiting time. The construction ofthe new day care centre for elderly persons willimprove this situation. The new structure of the centrewill allow the simultaneous participation of 100persons in various activities, which means that at least200 persons will have access to its services on a dailybasis.The current social and economic conditionstransformed the third age population groups into anunfavourable category. The completion of thisprogramme would prove to the elderly citizens thatcivil society really exists and is concerned with theirproblems. The most important benefit of this projectwould be an increase in the life expectation of theelderly citizens.The implementation of this project will improve themanagement capacities of the project team. Fourpartners are engaged in this project, and theirpositions had to be harmonised and clearly definedfrom the initial stage. Each of the partners will be ableto initiate new projects and coordinate theirimplementation at the end of this project.The target group and the direct beneficiaries of thisproject are the over 13,000 pensioner members ofCARP Giurgiu.Financing: PHARE fundsThe Giurgiu mayoralty will support the fulfillment of themain project objectives through its local public utilitycorporations (water, sewerage, heating, sanitation).With a view to reduce the cost of construction, themayoralty will provide the necessary labour forcesfrom among the persons who benefit from theprovisions of Law No. 416/2002.Pensioners' Mutual Help House, Str. MihailSadoveanu No. 2, Giurgiu, district of GiurgiuProject achievement: rehabilitation of a buildinglocated in the central area of the town, commercialand business centres, in keeping with the towndevelopment plan.c) Estimated project value: 76,940 euro, out of which:CARP Giurgiu: 13,440 euroGiurgiu mayoralty: 5,200 euroGiurgiu local council: 5,200 euroIon Vinea House of Culture: 3,100 euroPHARE financing: 50,000 euro - non-reimbursable(representing 65% of the total cost of the project)Law No. 7/200 regarding social assistance for theelderly and Law No. 26/2000 regarding associationsand foundations.The project will be finalised within 1 year and willconsist of one stage.

84MUNICIPALITY2. Macro-Project Giurgiu-Calarasi, region:South Muntenia: Promotion of SocialIntegration of Unfavourable Groups; Townof Giurgiu: Centre for VocationCounselling and Traininga) Person in charge representing the Giurgiumayoralty: Rodica Chiricuta, chief of the Departmentfor Strategy and NGO RelationsSocial support canteen and social assistance servicesb) Social impact: social integration of unfavourablecategories by creating opportunities for training andapprenticeship in new or additional professions,counselling, legal counselling for the development ofthe entrepreneurial spirit and culture.The direct beneficiaries of the project are 6 disabledpersons, 5 young people who will leave the socialassistance shelters, 15 women who will return to work,3 unemployed persons over 45 years of age, 11 singleparents (single parent families).Financing: PHARE fundsCentre for Vocational Counselling and Traininglocated inside the Ion Vinea House of Culture in Str.Hristo Botev, No. 2, Giurgiu, Jud. Giurgiuc) Estimated project value: 58,160 euro, out of which:Giurgiu mayoralty: 12,000 euroPHARE non-reimbursable funds: 80% of the total costof the projectGovernment Emergency Ordinance No. 102/1999regarding special protection and integration on thelabour market of disabled persons, and Giurgiu LocalDistrict Decision No. 83/2002 regarding the approvalof a project promoting social integration ofunfavourable persons living in GiurgiuThe project will be completed within 1 year and willconsist of one stage.3. Modernisation of the vocationaleducation systems and promotion ofinnovation in the field of vocationaleducation and training - 4 micro-projects.a) Person in charge representing the Giurgiumayoralty: Rodica Chiricuta, chief of the Departmentfor Strategy and NGO RelationsSocial support canteen and social assistance services- Department for Strategy and NGO RelationsGiurgiu mayoralty - Accounting departmentb) Social impact: training the students in the 4vocational schools in keeping with EU standards(development and strengthening of skills andcompetencies relevant to the labour market, in orderto increase the employment chances of youngpeople).Direct beneficiaries: Economic and AdministrativeVocational School "Ion Barbu" Giurgiu, VocationalSchool for Constructions No. 1, Giurgiu, Naval School"Vice-admiral Ion Balanescu" and Vocational;Chemistry School "Miron Nicolescu"Financing: PHARE funds- Economic-administrative school "Ion Barbu"Giurgiu – Str. 1 Decembrie 1918, nr. 83- Constructions Vocational School No.1Giurgiu – Str. 23 August, nr. 57- Naval School "Vice-admiral Ioan Bălănescu"- Str. Uzinei, nr. 30 B- Chemistry Vocational School "MironNicolescu" – Str. Sloboziei, nr. 1c) Estimated project value: 62,500 Euro/project, out ofwhich:- Giurgiu mayoralty – 12,500 euro- PHARE funds non-reimbursable financing:80% of the total cost of the projectGovernment Emergency Ordinance No. 32/2000regarding financing of state pre-university educationinstitutions from the local budgetEach micro-project will be completed within 1 year andwill consist of one stage.

85GIURGIU4. Family type home "Libelula"a) Person in charge representing the Giurgiumayoralty: Rodica Chiricuta, chief of the Departmentfor Strategy and NGO RelationsSocial support canteen and social assistance services- Department for Strategy and NGO Relationsb) Social impact: reduce the number of homeless andabused children, of children in dysfunctional familiesby integrating them into society and preparing them foran independent and responsible life.Direct beneficiaries: homeless children, abusedchildren and children in dysfunctional families inGiurgiu.Financing: PHARE fundsc) Estimated project value: 62,500 euro, out of which:Giurgiu mayoralty: 12,500 euroPHARE non-reimbursable financing: 80% of the totalcost of the projectLaw No. 116/2002 regarding prevention and fightingagainst social marginalisationThe project will be completed within 1 year and willconsist of one stage.5. Training of disabled persons' personalattendantsa) Person in charge representing the Giurgiumayoralty: Rodica Chiricuta, chief of the Departmentfor Strategy and NGO RelationsSocial support canteen and social assistance services- Department for Strategy and NGO Relations.b) Social impact: Improved quality life of severelydisabled persons who live in Giurgiu (improvedassistance granted to severely disabled persons)Direct beneficiaries: personal assistants of severelydisabled persons who live in Giurgiu - 363 personsFinancing: PHARE fundsc) Estimated project value: 40,000 euro, out of which:Giurgiu mayoralty: 12,500 euroPHARE non-reimbursable financing: 80% of the totalcost of the projectGovernment Resolution No. 427/2001 for the approvalof the methodological norms regarding the terms ofemployment, rights and obligations of the disabledpersons' personal attendantsThe project will consist of several stages, in keepingwith the dimension of the groups attending thecourses. Total duration: 6-10 months6. Modernisation of the Social SupportCanteena) Person in charge representing the Giurgiumayoralty: Rodica Chiricuta, chief of the Departmentfor Strategy and NGO RelationsSocial support canteen and social assistance services- Department for Strategy and NGO Relationsb) Social impact: Improved lunch serving conditions inthe Social Support Canteen and of the quality of life ofpersons who serve lunch in the canteen on a dailybasisDirect beneficiaries: persons who serve lunch at theSocial Support Canteen on a daily basisc) Estimated project value: 70,000 euro, out of which:Giurgiu mayoralty: 70,000 euroGiurgiu Local Council Decision No. 166/2001regarding the establishment of the Social SupportCanteen and of the Social Assistance ServicesThe project will be completed in 3 months and willconsist of one stageB. ECONOMY1. Construction of the Belt Roada) Project manager representing the mayoralty: PavelPetrisor, chief of the investments department.

86MUNICIPALITYAuthorities in charge: Departments for localdevelopment and investments.b) Social impact: Urgent construction of the belt roadconnecting the future express road Bucharest -Giurgiu and the bridge over the Danube, alsoconnecting the ferry boat lines and the North andSouth industrial platforms, will contribute to thedevelopment of the companies in the area and theextension of the transport network.The goal of the project is to improve traffic conditionson the main roads of the town and to divert highcapacity vehicles transiting the main roads on theirway to customs and the free area.The belt road will be 14 km long and will have 4 lanes.The amount of 505,061 euro (non-reimbursable) wasrequested from the Ministry of Public Works andDevelopment of the Territory.Potential users/beneficiaries of the project: allcompanies in the area which transport various goods,including the ones located in the Giurgiu Free Area.Foreign financial resources: Public-private partnership,cooperation between the Giurgiu mayoralty andvarious companies interested in the project.Investment location: the North West side of the town.c) Total investment cost: about 300,000 euroFinancing structure: Giurgiu mayoralty - ownresourcesForeign financing: EC ISPA programmeFinancing type:- local budget and non-reimbursable funds- possible contributions of the Ministry ofPublic Works, Ministry of Transportation andHousing, the Special Road Fund and fromincomes obtained from the issuing of bonds.Critical factors influencing profitability: None, the beltroad will benefit all companies that transport goods.2. Construction of the Gas Collecting andDistribution Networka) Project manager representing the mayoralty: ClejaLiviuDepartments in charge of the project representing themayoralty: Town Planning Department, InvestmentDepartment, and the Accounting department.b) Social impact: a gas collection and distributionnetwork would increase the economic attractivenessof the town. The project is beneficial to the totalpopulation, who will no longer need to use theservices of the polluting thermal power station andwho will benefit from a non-polluting gas heatingsystem.Foreign financial resources: possible private sourcesfrom companies interested in establishing apartnership with the Giurgiu mayoralty.c) Total cost of the project: over 1,000,000 euroFinancing structure:- private capital- Giurgiu mayoralty - own resources- Foreign financing3. Development of Small and MediumSized Enterprises - Business Incubatora) Project manager representing the mayoralty:Gabriel Marcoci, director of the Programme andPrognosis DepartmentMayoralty departments in charge of the projectachievement - Programme and PrognosisDepartment, Public Relations ServiceForeign technical assistance description: Technicalassistance will be granted by the German Rectors'Association, regarding specialty problems - businessincubator for final year students and higher educationgraduates.b) The project will have an impact on businessdevelopment in Giurgiu and will reduce the number ofunemployed and potentially unemployed persons.Foreign financial resources: European CommunityStability Pact.Investment location: North part of Giurgiu - IndustrialParkc) Estimated investment cost: 300,000 euroDuration: 12 monthsFinancing structure:

87GIURGIU- foreign non-reimbursable funds- local contributionsCritical factors influencing profitability: slow local andregional decision-making.4. Modernisation and Extension of theTechnical and Buildings Networka) Project manager: Voiculescu Silviu - Director of theWater Supply and Sewerage Department of theGiurgiu mayoralty.Mayoralty departments in charge of the projectimplementation: Public Services Department, WaterSupply and Sewerage Departmentb) Social impact: The modernisation and extension ofthe town's thermal power supply networks, theincrease of the mechanical pumping equipmentreliability, and the provision of better pumps willincrease economic activity by supplying the necessaryutilities to the old and new economic units.Foreign financing resources: possible financing fromthe European CommunityInvestment location: the whole town of Giurgiuc) Approximate total cost: 1,000,000 euroFinancing structure:- foreign non-reimbursable funds- Mayoralty: own sources, municipal credits,bond issuing5. The Development of Tourism and EcologicalTourisma) Project manager: Constantin Toma, Vice-MayorMayoralty departments in charge of the projectimplementation: Department of Community RelationsForeign specialized technical assistance from theEuropean Ecological Tourism Association, which willprovide information, documentary materials andexperts.The project consists of the construction of a holidayvillage that will offer excellent conditions for visitors,will provide jobs and will contribute to the economicgrowth of the town.Potential users: town inhabitants and Romanian orforeign touristsInvestment location: East side of the town, along theDanube riverside.c) Estimated costs: 150,000 euroFinancing structure: European Community - CBCProgrammeFinancing type: non-reimbursable funds6. Setting up a Cereal Market andProviding Adequate Storage Spacesa) Project manager: Constantin Toma - Vice MayorMayoralty departments in charge of the projectimplementation: Investment DepartmentSpecialised technical assistance: EuropeanCommission - Agriculture Department, experts inagriculture and agricultural transactionsb) Social impact: The cereal market and the adequatestorage spaces (silos) will take over the cerealproduction in the region and will support the farmers inselling their products.The cereal market will be extended to other products ifit proves to be successful.Potential users: the farmers in the Giurgiu districtInvestment location: North West of Giurgiuc) Estimated cost: 200,000 euroFinancing structure: European Community - SAPARDProgrammeFinancing type: Non-reimbursableCritical factors influencing profitability: possible naturalcalamities affecting the crops or the quality of theproducts.Duration: 18 months7. Construction of a Wholesale MarketEquipped with Sorting and Pre-PackingFacilitiesa) Project manager: Constantin Toma - Vice Mayor

88MUNICIPALITYMayoralty departments in charge of the projectimplementation: Investment Department, CommunityRelations Departmentb) Social impact: The construction of a wholesalemarket equipped with the necessary sorting and prepackingcapacities, capable of taking over theagricultural, animal and vegetal products. It will benefitsmall individual farmers, supporting them in thedistribution of their products into the big markets,Bucharest included, and to exports.Potential users: Giurgiu district farmersInvestment location: North West of the town of Giurgiuc) Estimated cost: 150,000 euroFinancing structure: European Community - SAPARDProgrammeFinancing type: non-reimbursableDuration: 24 months8. Development of Small and Medium SizedEnterprises Located in the Town of Giurgiua) Project manager: Constantin Toma - Vice MayorMayoralty departments in charge with the projectimplementation: Investment Department, CommunityRelation Departmentb) Social impact: 12 small and medium sizedenterprises located in Giurgiu were granted nonreimbursablefunds by the Government of Romania(within the framework of the Regional DevelopmentAgenda 3 - South Muntenia) covering 50% of thenecessary investment funds. The funds will be usedfor the development of the companies' technicalendowment and will contribute to the diversification oftheir activity and to the development of the town ofGiurgiu.c) Total cost: 850,000 euroFinancing structure: 50% of the investment funds fromthe European Community - Phare Fund through theGovernment of RomaniaFinancing type - non-reimbursableCritical factors influencing profitability: possible naturalcalamities affecting the crops and the quality of theproductsDuration: 24 monthsC. URBAN DEVELOPMENT1. Modernisation of a singles hostel with1 and 2 room flats in the IstruneighborhoodProject objectives:- Repartitioning of the existing hostel space- Rehabilitation of the sanitary groups andutility connection- Rehabilitation of facades and hydroinsulationperformanceProject value: 10 billion Lei.2. Recreation area "Steaua Dunarii"Person in charge representing the Giurgiu mayoralty:Architect Niculescu SofianPartner: District Tourism OfficeImpact: Improvement of the recreation conditions tothe benefit of the Giurgiu town inhabitants.Contribution to the improvement of the population'sstate of health.Beneficiaries: Giurgiu inhabitantsFinancing:- Giurgiu mayoralty- ConcessionsEstimated project value: 10 billion euroProject duration: 2 years3. Rehabilitation of the NicolaeBalanescu AthenaeumPerson in charge representing the Giurgiu mayoralty:Pavel Petrisor, chief of the Investment DepartmentHistory background: The Nicolae BalanescuAthenaeum was located in the town centre in theperiod 1940-1965 and it represented a tradition in the

89GIURGIUeducation of adults and young people, which hasexisted since the last two decades of the 19th century.It is a monument of memorial and architectural value.The Athenaeum was used during the last years of thetotalitarian regime as a cinema and suffered fromdecay after 1990. The building, which was a propertyof the state, managed by the Regie Autonome of FilmProduction and Distribution "Romanian Film", becamein 2001 a public property of the town of Giurgiu, perGovernment Resolution No. 796/21.08.2001,managed by the Local Municipal Council. It was usedas a concert hall by the Philharmonic orchestraestablished in 1999 (the youngest and mostprestigious cultural institution in the town). Thebuilding was and can still be used for educationalpurposes together with the neighboring School No. 7.Estimated project value: 430,000 euroFinancial sources:- Mayoralty: 140,000 euro- Ministry of Culture: 100,000 euro- World Bank: 190,000 euroThe project will be achieved in two stages:2002 - 2003: building repair and retrofitting2004 - 2005: restoration of the façade and internalparts.Note:World Bank financing was obtained for the drafting ofthe feasibility study for the project "Rehabilitation ofthe Nicolae Balanescu and of School No. 7"4. Retrofitting and Restoration of theClock TowerPerson in charge representing the Giurgiu mayoralty:Architect Niculescu SofianHistorical background: The Tower is an emblematicmonument of the town, built towards the end of the 8thcentury, as an observation tower and a fireextinguishing water tower. It is the only preservedconstruction dating back from the Turkish occupation,and one of the few of this kind that survived in theSouth-East of Europe.The technical evaluation indicated that the Towerneeds to be retrofitted and restored. Archeologicalinvestigations and foundation retrofitting took placebetween 1998 and 2001.It is necessary to revitalise the Tower by addingcommercial spaces to the 6 sides of the first transomand by establishing a permanent visiting schedule.The area around the Tower and the partialreconditioning of the "Plate" (an architecturalmonument representative of the town) will reinstatethe Tower as a central point of attraction in the town.Estimated project value: 300,000 euro, out of which:Giurgiu mayoralty: 270,000 euroPrivate investors: 30,000 euroThe project will be achieved in two stages:2003 - 2005: Tower retrofitting and restorationAs of 2006: development of the area surrounding theTower.5. Completion of the Research and DesignWorks Intended for the Restoration of theIsland City RuinsPerson in charge: Proposal made by the GiurgiumayoraltyHistorical background: The City is a monument ofnational importance (60% of it was studied from anarcheological point of view between 1975 and 1998).The City was established by King Mircea, The Elder inthe first part of the last decade of the 14th century, onthe foundation of an older fortress dating back fromthe Byzantine period. It was conquered by the Turks in1420 and was occupied by them until 1829. The Citywas the site of many famous sieges and battles foughtby the Romanians and other European powers againstthe Turks.The enclosure needs to be surrounded by a fence, apartial restoration-reconstruction project needs to bedrafted and the archeological investigations need tobe continued in the sectors that have still not beenstudied.Estimated project value: 33,000 euro, out of which:Archeological investigations: 7,000 euro, andRestoration project: 26,000 euro

90MUNICIPALITYFinancing sources: Giurgiu mayoralty and otherattracted sourcesProject duration: 12 months (2003)D. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION1. Low Pollution Burners Fitted to thePower Steam BoilersInvestment project submitted by S.C. TermoelectricaGiurgiu S.A. for review and the identification offinancing sources within the context of the IDAQproject "Assistance for Romania With a View to Applyand Implement the Directives referring to Air Quality".Object of the project: reduce noxious emissions by thedeadline imposed by EU Directives, for reaching thelimit values.2. Provide VOC (volatile organiccompounds) recovery installations at theVehicle Fuel Loading Platforms of theGiurgiu PECO Fuel Stations3. Recover VOC during vehicle fuel supplyand tanker unloading at PECO fuelstations No. 2 and 3The project proposals refer to the measures that needto be taken to observe the provisions of GovernmentResolution No. 568/2001 regarding the technicalrequirements for limiting the volatile organiccompounds released during gasoline storage, loading,unloading and distribution at terminals and gasstations, and Order No. 1103/2002 of the Minister ofWaters and Environment Protection for approval of theMethodological Norms regarding metering andanalysis of the volatile organic compounds releasedduring gasoline storage and distribution at terminalsand gas stations.5. Evaluate the current drinking watersupply situation along the collectiondistribution-consumptionrouteRestructuring and extending the drinking water supplynetworkMonitoring the consumers' water consumption and theextension of water metersEvaluation of the drinking water consumption forindustrial purposesThe proposals above are mainly intended for twopurposes:- population awareness regarding the rationaluse of the water resources- the water supplied in Giurgiu should observethe parameters imposed by Law No.458/2002.General objective: protect the population healthagainst the effects of any type of drinking watercontamination, by assuring the supply of clean andhealthy water.4. Equip the fuel tank cars with VOCrecovery systems - PECO Giurgiu internalstorageProject proposals Nos. 2, 3 and 4 were submitted byPECO Giurgiu, for review and the identification offinancing sources within the context of the IDAQproject "Assistance for Romania With a View to Applyand Implement the Directives Regarding Air Quality".6. Public campaigns to increasepopulation awareness regarding theenvironmental protection by means of:Measure the environmental factors on water, air, andsoilIncrease population awareness of the need to reducewater consumption and save resources in general(including industrial units)

91GIURGIUChange the technical condition of vehiclesPopulation education per age groups regarding theselective recovery of recyclable wastes and ecologicalstorage of urban wastes.Re-engineer the used waters filtering station andrehabilitate the water network in the town of Giurgiu.The file was submitted to the Ministry of Water andEnvironment Protection and the Ministry of ForeignAffairs in order to obtain financing through the BalkanStability Pact.Content: Summary of the existing Feasibility Studyand of its annexes; questionnaire; informationregarding the consequences of the war in Yugoslaviaon Danube waters.Current stage: evaluation by the Ministry of Finance. AFeasibility Study is necessary for the project proposaland to explore financing sources.Amount requested for the project: 25 million euroE. PRIORITY CROSS BORDERPROJECTS FOR THE RUSE-GIURGIU EURO-REGION1. Construction of used water filteringstations in both Giurgiu (Romania) andRuse (Bulgaria)Project value: about 4-5 million euro per project.Project financing: common financing through BerlinWasser, Germany.3. Restoration of five buildings in each ofthe two towns in keeping with the powerrequirementsProject value: about 2 million euro per projectProject financing: possibility of competing for PHAREfinancing4. Reconstruction of the old domesticwastes storages in both townsProject value: about 2 million euro per projectProject financing: possibility of competing for ISPAfinancing5. Drafting a common systematisationplan for the urban agglomeration in Ruseand GiurgiuProject value: about 500,000 euro per project6. Mosquito fighting programme in thetrans-border areas Ruse, Bulgaria andGiurgiu, RomaniaProject objectives:Fighting the risk of diseases and infestation in theEuro-regionProviding the technical means necessary for thecampaignPurchasing high quality insect killersProject value: 500,000 euro2. Designing the embankmentinfrastructure - Riverside chamfering inGiurgiu and RuseProject value: about 2 million euro per projectProject financing: possibility of competing for PHAREfinancingF. OPPORTUNITIESWe cannot finalise this paper without restating thepositive characteristics our city offers:

92MUNICIPALITY• Reduced bureaucracy• Committed local administration• The set up of the Euro-region Ruse, Bulgaria /Giurgiu, Romania• Danube port and borderline town with Bulgaria• Dynamic free commercial area• Industrial park in progress• Pan European Transport corridors no. 4 and 9• Available and qualified manpower• Short distance from Bucharest• Available, unused production capacities• Lands to be granted• Tradition in navigation, shipyards, oil andmining equipment, textile, ready-made clothesand food industry• Drinking water resources (depth wells) andindustrial water from the Danube;• The existence and the functioning of theGiurgiu (Romania) – Russe (Bulgaria)Commission for Ecology and Health;• Low pollution.All these points prove the existence of greatdevelopment and investments conditions.■

93GIURGIUCLOSUREThe present document was formulated in accordance with international documents referring to the principles ofsustainable development and the National Strategy for Sustainable Development.The Strategy for Sustainable Development of the Giurgiu Municipality is one of the first projects of this type in thecountry and it was highly appreciated by the Partnership Evaluation Commission in Stockholm, being the onlyRomanian project and one of the 60 selected as “Ambassador Projects”, out of the 200 projects all over the world,registered in the contest.The Local Coordination Committee and the four working groups involved in the process of LA 21 implementation,along with a great number of local specialists, working on a voluntary basis, consulted with many citizens, duringpublic debates concerning the sustainable development of the city. The result of these efforts was the elaboration of acomprehensive project, which contains the priorities of the economic, social, urban and environmental protectiondevelopment, and priorities accepted by the citizens of the community, who belong to different professional, socialand age categories.We hope that the enthusiasm that characterised the participants in this project, will also be manifest to futuregenerations, which should continue the implementation of the measures stipulated in this work and permanently updatethe Strategy for Sustainable Development of the City.■