LM OTEC Mini Spar Design_December 2011 - Hawaii National ...

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4.16 kV Line‐Line is the most commonly available voltage class of generator. Higher voltage generatoroptions are available, but would require a larger footprint.The final trade study performed was for the generator rotor configuration. The objective was todetermine the appropriate pole‐pair number (i.e., north‐south magnets on the rotor) to match theoutput frequency and rated speed of the ammonia turbine. Two practical solutions for the generatorare available. The first is a two‐pole configuration which corresponds to 3600 RPM rated speed. Thesecond is a four‐pole configuration which corresponds to 1800 RPM rated speed. The tradeoff betweenthese two options drives the size, weight, efficiency, cost, and gear reduction impact for the turbinegeneratorskid. Four‐pole, 1800 rpm configurations were found to be more widely available, one‐fourththe cost, 50% lighter, and more efficient, 97% vs. 96%, than their two‐pole cousins. Thus the four‐polegenerator option was selected for the 2.5‐MW OTEC Mini‐Spar.2.5.3.2.2 Specification of Selected EquipmentThe top‐level selected generator parameters are given below in Table 2‐26. The parameters listed arewithin the specifications for a traditional COTS generating unit. Potential vendors for this generatorinclude Cummins, ABB, Siemens, and several other domestic and international companies. Furtherdetails regarding the generator specification will be developed during the next design phase.Table 2‐26 Generator SpecificationsParameterNominal ValueTypeSynchronousOutput Power6 MVAMax‐Efficiency 97%Terminal Voltage (Line to Line) 4.16 kVFrequency60 HzSynchronous Speed1800 rpmPower Factor 0.8CoolingTotally Enclosed Water‐Air Cooled (TEWAC)2.5.3.2.3 Generator Installation IssuesInstallation of a generator on the Mini‐Spar raised two issues, operating in a marine environment andthe impact of the upending process on the generator.Configuration Report and Development Plan Volume 4Site Specific OTEC Pilot Plant 126
The issue of operating in a marine environment was addressed by utilizing a TEWAC style generatorwhere the generator is totally enclosed and cooled by a closed‐circuit water‐cooling system circulatingthrough a forced air‐cooled radiator. As an option, the air‐cooled radiator could be replaced with a seawatercooled radiator.The second issue stems from the need to upend the entire machinery module space for attachment tothe lower spar body. The machinery module will initially be fabricated, outfitted and pre‐commissionedupright but separate from the lower spar body. The machinery module will then be upended (turned onits side) and attached to the top end of the spar body which is laid out horizontally in a dry dock.Generator manufacturers expressed concerns over adverse loading on the generator’s bearings whenthe machinery module is upended. (Turbine manufacturers did not have an issue with this). The currentsolution is to mount the generator in the machinery module such that when the module is upended forattachment to the lower spar body, the axis of the generator is rotated about the axis of its rotor asshown in Figure 2‐85. As a backup measure, the turbine‐generator skid could be fabricated with ameans for securing the generator’s shaft in a manner that precludes its bearings from becomingadversely loaded.Figure 2‐85 Generator Orientation during Installation (Brush)Configuration Report and Development Plan Volume 4Site Specific OTEC Pilot Plant 127
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NAVFAC Ocean Thermal EnergyConversi
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ContentsExecutive Summary .........
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3.2.2 Risks........................
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Figure 2‐53 CWP Connection Closin
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Figure 2‐110 CWP Hook‐up Step 1
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Table 2‐27 Power Delivery Trade S
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The 2.5‐MW Mini‐Spar’s functi
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1 IntroductionThe Naval Facilities
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Range Facility (PMRF) on Kauai wher
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CriteriaBaseline Floating Option La
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This volume addresses the 2.5‐MW
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2 Configuration Report, CDRL A014;
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platform has an estimated cost of a
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spar’s mild seakeeping motions, t
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vapor continues downward to one of
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MotorMagCouplingPumpFigure 2‐8 Le
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inform OTEC design and regulatory g
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Figure 2‐12 Cell Spar Coupled Ana
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Table 2‐4 Extreme Anchor Loads In
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2.3.4.2 CWP Fatigue Loads and Strai
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97% value is plotted, showing that
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2.4 Platform and Mooring Segment2.4
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2.4.2.1.1 Cell ArrangementThe OTEC
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Hydrodynamic analysis to date has f
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Figure 2‐19 AccommodationsSource:
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d. (2) Able Seamen and (1) Ordinary
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Figure 2‐22 Platform Main Deck2.4
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The machinery that is located in th
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The air intake for the machinery sp
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2.4.4.7 Fresh Water SystemsFreshwat
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2.4.4.12 IncineratorAn incinerator
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Figure 2‐25 OTEC Water FlowConfig
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Figure 2‐26 Water Flow Through th
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configurations may be possible. Fur
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Z‐AXIS (+ UP)Z‐AXIS(+ UP)X‐AX
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2.4.7.3 Upright In‐Service Condit
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The hull girder section modulus for
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2.4.10.1.2 Post‐Demonstration Per
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2.4.10.3 Anchor SubsystemThe variou
Page 88 and 89: The U.S. Navy provides recommendati
Page 90 and 91: 2.4.11 Cold Water Pipe Element2.4.1
Page 92 and 93: dynamic head with a period in the 1
Page 94 and 95: Figure 2‐45 First and Second Coll
Page 96 and 97: 2.4.11.2.4 CWP DynamicsThe CWP is s
Page 98 and 99: cycle, building added conservatism
Page 100 and 101: Figure 2‐52 CWP Connection to Spa
Page 102 and 103: often have voids. Although voids ca
Page 104 and 105: throughout fatigue loading. Fatigue
Page 106 and 107: De-mister: -45 m Turbine (Datum): 0
Page 108 and 109: 2.5.2 Power Generation Segment Over
Page 110 and 111: Red = Thermal PowerGreen = Mechanic
Page 112 and 113: The red‐shaded entries in the tab
Page 115 and 116: components are shown in Figure 2‐
Page 117 and 118: Figure 2‐67 Detail of Water Flow
Page 119 and 120: The temperature and pressure sensor
Page 121 and 122: 2.5.2.6 Condenser Heat ExchangerThe
Page 123 and 124: condensation process is gravity con
Page 125 and 126: The Hx is constructed of alternatin
Page 127 and 128: 2.5.2.8 Working Fluid Subsystem2.5.
Page 129 and 130: Figure 2‐78 OTEC Process Piping D
Page 131 and 132: Figure 2‐79 Left: Magnetic Drive
Page 133 and 134: should have external insulation cap
Page 135 and 136: 2.5.3 Electrical Generation Element
Page 137: Axial‐impulse turbines, such as i
Page 141 and 142: Figure 2‐86 Functional Block Diag
Page 143 and 144: The requirements for the Power Deli
Page 145 and 146: 2.6.2 Onboard Distribution ElementT
Page 147 and 148: safety risks are mitigated. Further
Page 149 and 150: 2.6.2.7 Power Transmission ElementF
Page 151 and 152: The dynamic stress on the cable is
Page 153 and 154: Figure 2‐94 Submarine Cable Descr
Page 155 and 156: Table 2‐34 Mini‐Spar Motions, 1
Page 157 and 158: 2.6.2.11 Shore Grid Connection Elem
Page 159 and 160: 2.7.2 Computer Integrated Process A
Page 161 and 162: communications protocols used for I
Page 163 and 164: 2.7.3.5 Safety, Security, Communica
Page 165 and 166: VSAT Maritime Satellite Communicati
Page 167 and 168: Instrumentation (TSI) system. Beari
Page 169 and 170: 2.7.4.4 Electrical Power Delivery I
Page 171 and 172: Installation PhaseDetails3. Mooring
Page 173 and 174: 2.8.2.1 Ballast PlanThe ballast pla
Page 175 and 176: #2 Anchor Hook‐upThe spar is towe
Page 177 and 178: Figure 2‐107 Location of CWP Asse
Page 179 and 180: CWP Upending:The CWP is towed to th
Page 181 and 182: 2.8.2.5 Offshore Equipment Installa
Page 183 and 184: The following ground rules and assu
Page 185 and 186: Figure 2‐115 Seawater and Ammonia
Page 187 and 188: 2.8.3.1.4 Removal of Platform from
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3 Development Plan, CDRL A021; 2.5
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Table 3‐1 Status of Key Technolog
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Component/SubsystemType Maturity Le
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3.2.2 RisksAny program of this size
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Risk NameHeat Exchanger CorrosionCW
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The configuration incorporates feat
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For the ammonia and seawater pumps,
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used. If adequate ground cover does
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level for fabrication and assembly.
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3.3.6.5 Long Lead ItemsThe followin
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provide for the measurement and con
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3.3.8.2.2 Ammonia CircuitAs the amm
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3.3.8.3 Integration of Machinery Sp
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2. Government‐Industry Partnershi
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Verify sensor calibration and proce
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3.3.11 Two‐Year Demonstration Pro
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Motions (classic six degrees of fre
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one of the flange joints or instrum
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Spar also provide a good opportunit
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Temperature rises- Submarine cable
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will be designed to store the data
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Figure 3‐6 Environmental Manageme
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Navy to support inherently governme
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thresholds. On the whole, the analy
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floaters) and nekton (larger motive
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Analysis NeedTradeoff analysis of s
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GeneralDesign of aquatic and marine
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3.4.2.6.1 Alternative Consideration
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2010; see Appendix J, Table 1) to d
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Qualified marine biologists will id
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solids, is very labor intensive and
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Figure 3‐9 Comparison of Daily Av
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Ocean Engineering should evaluate t
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The OTEC Mini‐Spar is an OTEC pil
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Figure 3‐11 Estimated Environment
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3.5 Program PlansA detailed MS Proj
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3.6 ROM Cost EstimatesThe SSOPP con
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3.7 Financing OptionsIn Section 1,
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AcronymsABSADCPAFBAFFFAH36AHTAHUAHV
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AcronymEBIEDASEEEEIPSEFDCEIPSEISEMC
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AcronymINCOSEINUIPTIR&DIRIGIRPIVIWR
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AcronymDefinitionOCCLOffice of Coas
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AcronymTEAACTEWACTGATHDTLCTLRTNTSIT
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