Additions to the Norwegian fauna of calypterate Diptera(Tachinidae, Calliphoridae, Muscidae)KNUT ROGNESI.,Rognes, K. 1983, Additions to the Norwegian fauna of calypterate Diptera (Tachinidae, Calliphoridae,Muscidae), Fallna norv, Ser, B, 30, 88-93,Data on Linnaemya perinealis Pandelle, 1895 (Tachinidae), BoreellllS atriceps (Zetterstedt,1845) (Calliphoridae), Helina dlipes (Schnabl, 1911), Spilogona pllberula (RingdaW, 1918),S, SGnctipallli (Malloch, 1nl), S, trilineata (Huckett, 1932), Limnophora scruplllosa (Zetterstedt,1845) and L, sinllata Collin, 1930 (Muscidae), all recently captured in Norway for thefirst time, are presented. S. trilineata is also reported as new to the Palaearctic Region, andL. sinllata as new to the Palaearctic mainland. A new record of B. atriceps from Svalbard ispresented and its biology discussed.Knut Rognes, Stavanger Lrererh0gskole, Postboks 2521 Ullandhaug, N-400 I Stavanger,Norway.Below are reported some rather interesting capturesof flies made in Norway mainly during thesummer 1982. None of them have been recordedfrom this country before. Unless otherwisestated the specimens have been caught by theauthor and are in his collection. Some duplicateshave been presented to the British Museum (NaturalHistory), London (BMNH>, Museum ofZoology, Copenhagen (ZMC), and StaatJichesMuseum fUr Naturkunde, Stuttgart (SMNK).The Norwegian localities are presented accordingto the system of 0kland (1981).Family TachinidaeLinnaemya perinealis Pandelle, 1895.Material: - Oppland, OS, S0r-Fron: Harpefoss,EIS 62, to 14 July 1981, T. Nielsen, Malaisetrap:ON, Nord-Fron: 3 km E of Vinstra, EIS 62,I 0 17 July 1982, 0. Rognes; II 0 0 17 July1982 (2 0 0 in SMNK).All specimens from 1982 were mounted withthe terminalia partly extended, and one male hasbeen dissected. The genitalia agree with the figuresgiven by Herting (I 961 l, Chao (I 962) and Zimin(] 954, 1963). The specimens from 1982 werenetted in low vegetation during the early part of asunny day after a night with very heavy rainfall,one of the very few during the extremely drysummer of 1982. The species is very characteristicon account ofthe two successive pairs ofdiscalI) Paper no. 1 in a series based on investigations financedby a grant (
----------._---all over the ground at all localities. Especially thelocality W of Sognefjellhytta was obviously thewinter-burrows of lemmings. Attempts to attractthe species with liver slices in the upper alpinezone near Juvasshytta (ON, Lom, 1841 m) wereunsuccessful, despite of good weather conditions.No lemming burrows or faecal pellets were obserVedin that area, however.The species was first described by Zetterstedt(1845: 1311, as Sareophaga atrieeps) from asingle female specimen captured by Dahlbom «adradicem alp. Mullfjellen ..» (Sweden, Jamtland)27 July 1840, now in Museum of Zoology,Lund. In the Swedish Museum of Natural History,Stockholm, is another female which I havebeen able to examine. It is labelled (I) «Gl.» (2)«P.Wg.», which means that it has been taken onGotland by the well known entomologist PeterFredrik Wahlberg, who lived from 1800 to 1877,according to Smith (1981). No other records fromSweden exist, and surprisingly the species wasunknown to Ringdahl (1945: 210, «ej kand avforf.»). In Finland B. atrieeps was recorded byBonsdorff (1866: 143) from «Lappmarkem> and«Tuovilanlaks» (now Tuovilanlahti = Maaninkain Savonia borealis) (specimens not seen). Theonly modern record in Scandinavia is from abovethe tree-line on the hill Ailigas in northern Finland(Lapponia inarensis: Utsjoki), where 2 d dand 10 Q Q were captured in blow-fly traps baitedwith meat or human faeces (Nuorteva 1964,Hedstrom & Nuorteva 1971). Outside Scandinaviathe species is known from Svalbard (Collin 1925,cf. Nuorteva 1967), the arctic parts of the USSR(Zumpt 1956, Chernov 1959, 1961, 1965, Lobanov1976), the arctic parts of North America (Hall1948, McAlpine 1965) and Greenland (Collin1931). It is a blowfly species to reach very far tothe North. According to map given by McAlpine(1965: 78) it occurs well N of 80 0 N at EllesmereI., and I ha~ recently been able to examine 3 d dand 2 Q Q taken at Bockfjorden, Haakon VIILand, Vest-Spitsbergen, a locality at about 79°30'N 13° 20'E (specimens in Troms0 Museum).Dead mammals belonging to the following specieshave been reported to serve as larval food forB. atrieeps: walrus (Odobenus rosmarus (L.)) (Hall1948), lemming (Dicrostonyx groen/andieus (Traill)),arctic hare (Lepus aretieus Ross), husky dog(Canis fami/iaris L.l (McAlpine 1965), lemming(Lemmus obensis (Brants) = Lemmlls sibirieus ofWalker et al. 1964), Middendorfs vole (probablyDierostonyx torquatus (Pallas)) (Chernov 1965),arctic fox (obviously A/opex /agoplls L.) (Collin1925, cf. Nuorteva 1967). McAlpine relates thefantastic number of 1812 adults to have emergedfrom a single medium sized carcass of D, groell/andieus. Dead Lemmus /eml1lllS (L.) is probablythe main substrate for larval development inScandinavia, although no direct evidence such assuccessful breeding has been reported as yet.McAlpine relates the interesting observationfrom Ellef Ringnes I. (Canada, NWT) that larvaeof B. arrieeps do not go underneath the carcass ordownward under protective soil for pupation, asother blowflies do, but move to the exterior of thecarcass and pupate in the hair exposed to the sunto receive the fullest possible benefit of the insolationalheat, both directly and indirectly by theheat absorbed by the dead animal's hair. Chernov's(1965:8 I) observation near Dickson (USSR:western part of Taymyr Peninsula) that the,manydead lemmings (iiLemmus obensis Brants» = L.sibirieus) «lying freely on the ground» were infestedto the maximum level with B. atrieeps larvaeis consistent with McAlpine's observations. It isalso remarkable that B. atrieeps was not amongthe species obtained from carcasses of lemmings(again L. obensis. rendered as «Siberian lemming»in the Ent. Rev. Wash. translation p. 43, whereas«obskogo lemminga» i.e. obslemming is used inthe original) and «short-skulled voles» dead inburrows (Chernov 1965: 81). Nuorteva's citationof Chernov (1961) to the effect that "Boree//lIsatrieeps develops in the burrows of Lemmlls /emmus(L.),> (Nuorteva 1964: 225) is possibly due toa mistranslation of the relevant parts of Cherno\'swork (1961: 37, lines 22-23 from above), Chernovhere reports to have found larvae and pupanaof B. atrieeps in humus nearby burrows, not withinas implied by Nuorteva, and states elsewhere(1961: 37, lines 8- 9 from below) that the larvaedevelop in rotting meat. Neither can I find thatthe specific name IILemmus /emmus L.» is mentionedby Chernov (1961) who only uses the generalexpression «lemming». Lemmlls /emmus(L.) does not exist as far east as Anabar Bay (YakutskayaASSR) (about 115°E) which was thestudy area of Chernov (196]), and Lemmus sibirieusis probably the species meant (cf. informationon distribution in Walker et al. 1964).Equally problematical are Nuorteva's (1967:62) statement to the effect that the adults are able«to take shelter in the burrows of lemmings» andHedstrom & Nuorteva's (1971: 125) reference toits «occurrence in the burrows of lemmings». Infact I can find no evidence to this effect in the sourcescited by these authors (i.e. Chernov 1961,McAlpine 1965), although it may of course betrue. However, I think it likely that the adults areable to seek refuge in any space below upper groundlevel, e.g. also in crevices beneath or betweenstones, a type of shelter abundantly available inmost parts of alpine and arctic habitats, and thatthe presence of lemming burrows per se does notplay a decisive role, if a role at all, in the ability ofthe species to withstand the rigorous conditions ofthe arctic as implied by NUOlieva and Hedstrom.Note that B. atrieeps apparently thrives well atSvalbard where no burrowing rodents occur. Theassociation of B. atrieeps with lemming burrowsobserved in other parts of the Arctic (Chernov1961 )and also shown by the Norwegian localitiescited above may simply be due to a higher frequ89
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