Technology Report: Palomar Pomerado <strong>Health</strong>Concert<strong>of</strong> careEve Edelstein visits Palomar Pomerado <strong>Health</strong> tosee how <strong>the</strong> US healthcare provider is integratingleading-edge medical <strong>and</strong> information technologyinto its design for <strong>the</strong> hospital <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> futureAs hospitals grow ever larger <strong>and</strong> care servesan increasingly acute patient population, anew range <strong>of</strong> technologies is being soughtto enhance care <strong>and</strong> transmit medical informationwithin <strong>and</strong> beyond hospital walls.This movement explores systems that functionsimultaneously at internal, individual <strong>and</strong> global levels.Information technology <strong>and</strong> microelectronic systemsare being developed to transmit patients’ vitalsigns <strong>and</strong> physiological states so that triage canoccur before <strong>the</strong> patient reaches <strong>the</strong> hospital, at <strong>the</strong>same time as enabling access to medical expertisearound <strong>the</strong> globe.As scientists develop microtechnologies thatmonitor <strong>the</strong> health status <strong>of</strong> people in <strong>the</strong> mostextreme environments, whe<strong>the</strong>r in space fl ight oron <strong>the</strong> battleground, we can expect to have <strong>the</strong>setechnologies trickle down to our homes <strong>and</strong> publicplaces. In hospitals, it will enable timely <strong>and</strong> continuedlogging <strong>of</strong> patient status that can be accessed bycaregivers on site <strong>and</strong> remotely.Hospital <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> futurePalomar Pomerado <strong>Health</strong> (PPH) in Sou<strong>the</strong>rn California is looking to incorporate such technologies, building an innovative healthcare systemfor <strong>the</strong> seven communities <strong>and</strong> outlying areas it serves in nor<strong>the</strong>rn San Diego County, <strong>the</strong> largest public health district in California.With expenditures <strong>of</strong> approximately $1.2 billion, PPH will build a hospital <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> future, a 450-bed tertiary medical centre that will replaceits current hospital in downtown Escondido; double <strong>the</strong> size <strong>of</strong> its second hospital in Poway to more than 200-beds; seismically retr<strong>of</strong>i t <strong>and</strong>convert its existing 326-bed hospital in downtown Escondido into a specialised campus featuring mixed-use retail, housing, physical rehab,urgent care, behavioural health, oncology services <strong>and</strong> administrative <strong>of</strong>fi ces; <strong>and</strong> build four major satellite health centres throughout <strong>the</strong>health district. These plans are driven by its projection <strong>of</strong> at least a 30% increase in population with a doubling in <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> those over<strong>the</strong> age <strong>of</strong> 65, <strong>and</strong> an unfunded state m<strong>and</strong>ate that requires acute care facilities to meet earthquake st<strong>and</strong>ards.The stated goal <strong>of</strong> Michael Covert, president <strong>and</strong> CEO, is to “build <strong>the</strong> Fable Hospital” described by Berry et al 1 , to increase operational34 October 2008 | WORLD HEALTH DESIGN
effi ciency, reduce errors <strong>and</strong> injury, build in fl exibility, <strong>and</strong> improve <strong>the</strong>contribution <strong>of</strong> architecture to a healing environment. “Throughout thisprocess, we needed to remind ourselves repeatedly that we are notbuilding with today’s technology in mind or even for <strong>the</strong> innovations <strong>of</strong>10 years from now,” Covert said. 2PPH’s process includes evaluations <strong>of</strong> cutting-edge technologies,including operating suite robotics, remote medical presence via rovingconsultation robots, personal RFID tracking devices, high-tech patientbeds <strong>and</strong> automated systems that monitor patient health status <strong>and</strong>movement, LCD image <strong>and</strong> information panels in each patient room,<strong>and</strong> patient rooms that can be quickly reconfi gured to support rapidlychanging patient needs <strong>and</strong> advances in medical procedures.Shed burdensomeheritage...comefrom nowhere;change <strong>the</strong> game;innovate; <strong>and</strong> actThe innovation challengeA confl ict arises when selecting information <strong>and</strong> high-technology solutions for healthcare environments. Technological innovations<strong>and</strong> developments occur at a pace that is more rapid than <strong>the</strong> architectural process. By <strong>the</strong> time a healthcare facility has beenplanned, approved, <strong>and</strong> built, several new generations <strong>of</strong> technologies may have been tried <strong>and</strong> tested.To meet this challenge, Orl<strong>and</strong>o Portale, PPH’s chief technology <strong>and</strong> innovation <strong>of</strong>fi cer, uses an approach borrowed from systemsdesign philosophy: “Shed burdensome heritage; put everything on <strong>the</strong> table; come from nowhere; fail early <strong>and</strong> small; embraceconstructive dissatisfaction; change <strong>the</strong> game; innovate; <strong>and</strong> act.”This approach considers not only products readily available today, but also looks to future systems at <strong>the</strong> ‘bleeding edge’ <strong>of</strong>technological innovation. This process builds a view <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> future that can be used to formulate more informed <strong>and</strong> educatedguesses about changes in architectural infrastructure. Finally, <strong>the</strong> PPH strategy may include a delay <strong>of</strong> technology purchases until<strong>the</strong> last practical moment, so that innovations can beincorporated when <strong>the</strong> hospital opens in three years.The nature <strong>and</strong> risk <strong>of</strong> healthcare provision posesadditional challenges that arise when choosingtechnologies. The margin <strong>of</strong> error for medical technologiesmust be extremely low. An error rate <strong>of</strong> one may resultin one death or multiple injuries. However, old systemsimpose <strong>the</strong>ir own risks. Portale suggests that <strong>the</strong>y canbe ineffi cient; at worst, deadly, including errors in surgicalorders, medication dosage or follow-up care.Testing technologiesUpdated information technologies <strong>and</strong> operationalsystems are thus being sought to reduce <strong>the</strong> vast amounts<strong>of</strong> information permanently lost because <strong>of</strong> outdated orpoorly conceived information transfer <strong>and</strong> managementsystems. Critical to <strong>the</strong> successful implementation <strong>of</strong>any new system in a complex, high risk environmentsuch as healthcare, is <strong>the</strong> testing <strong>of</strong> technologies byinterdisciplinary planning <strong>and</strong> care teams in clinical unitsduring real-time, real-world healthcare operations or inmock-up conditions.PPH chief nursing executive, Lorie Shoemaker, recruitedstaff from across <strong>the</strong> hospital to participate in a userassessment <strong>of</strong> design concepts <strong>and</strong> to test some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>technologies on its units. For example, remote telepresenceis being explored in Pomerado’s intensive careunits, using internet <strong>and</strong> video conferencing via <strong>the</strong> InTouch<strong>Health</strong> Kodak camera to review patient results from scans<strong>and</strong> images.A novel mobile robot is being tested as a means toprovide remote medical presence in several clinical areas.The terrace at <strong>the</strong> Palomar Pomerado <strong>Health</strong>’s ‘Hospital <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Future’WORLD HEALTH DESIGN | October 2008 35