Executive Summary - Centre for Language Studies

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2.1.4 Languages of ChiradzuluResults of the survey indicate that the most dominant language in Chiradzulu isChichewa and is spoken in all TAs such Kadewere, Chitera, Mpama, Likoswe, Ntchemaand Nkalo although most of these chiefs are of Yawo origin. Not surprisingly therefore,Ciyawo is also quite common in Chiradzulu. For example, in TA Kadewere, Ciyawo isspoken at Kadewere, Simika, Chiyambe, Malimusi and Nkaweya. In TA Chitera, most ofthe areas speak Ciyawo while in TA Likoswe, areas such as Malika, Chibwana, Njeresa,Makanje, Kandulo and Malumwe speak Ciyawo. In TA Nkalo Ciyawo is spoken inM’boola and Walasi. In TA Mpama, Ciyawo is spoken in areas like Pheluwa, Chochela,Kazemba, Mpama, Nsanja, Malika-Mpenya and Ntyala. Cilomwe is spoken in someareas such as Bowadi, Nlula, Matimati, Moto and Baluti in TA Ntchema; Nkalo andSaukila in TA Nkalo; Ng’omba and Mawuwa in TA Chitera; Kohola, Makatanje andChikwakwata in TA Kadewere. However, most of the respondents said Cilomwe is dyingout and in the areas where it is spoken only the very old people speak it and mostlyamong themselves. Results indicate thatCiyawo is also known as Cicawa, which is aderogatory term. Cicawasanga is a term that refers to a diluted form of Ciyawo.2.1.5 Languages of MachingaSurvey data indicates that languages spoken in Machinga include Ciyawo, Chichewa,Cilomwe. The data further reveals that Ciyawo is the most dominant language in thedistrict and is spoken in all TAs such as Sitola, Chikweo, Nkula, Chamba, Liwonde,Mposa, Kapoloma, Nyambi, Ngokwe, Chiwalo, Kawinga and Nsanama. The second mostdominant language is Chichewa which is spoken in all TAs as well. Cilomwe is alsospoken in a number of areas such as Tengula, Mlowe, Labukingi and Matola in TAChikweo; Matandika area in TA Nkula; Misewe in TA Chamba; Mwambala andMjahito in TA Liwonde; North of TA Mlomba; along the Lingoni River in TA Mposa;Mbwabwa, Puluma 2, Matwaya, Mlanje, Mkwinda and Mchimbo in TA Nyambi;Mwawa, Manyenga, Njete, Khungwa, Mwephetha and Khotiwa in TA Ngokwe; Saidi,20
Nayuchi, Mchingusa in TA Kawinga; and Chimanga, Mpita, Molipa, Sela and Naseti inTA Nsanama.2.1.6 Languages of MangochiIn Mangochi, several languages are spoken just like in Machinga. These languagesinclude Ciyawo, Chichewa, Cilomwe, Citumbuka and Citonga. Ciyawo is the mostdominant language in all except one of the TAs. Ciyawo is dominant in TAs Mponda,Chimwala, Makanjira, Jalasi, Katuli and Chowe. The second most dominant language isChichewa which is also spoken in all areas. However, in TA Nankumba, Chichewa is themost dominant language and Ciyawo comes second. It should also be noted that inMalindi area TA Chowe, Chichewa is referred to as Chilikoma because the people aroundthe area originally migrated from Likoma Island. In some areas, Chichewa is alsoreferred to as Cinyanja. Cilomwe is spoken in Masanje area in TA Chowe. Citumbukaand Citonga are spoken along the lake in TAs Makanjira and Nankumba among themigrant fishers.2.1.7 Languages of MulanjeData collected in Mulanje reveals that languages spoken in the district include Chichewa,Cimamg’anja, Cinyanja, Cilomwe, Cikhokhola and Ciyawo. From the informationgathered, Chichewa is the most dominant language which is spoken in all TAs. In someareas of TA Laston Njema such as Safali, Songwe, Maveya and Sathawa, the respondentsclaimed they spoke Cimang’anja which they said is a different language from Chichewa.However, the researchers noted that Cimang’anja is a dialect of Chichewa. In the sameTA (Laston Njema), the respondents claimed both Chichewa and Cilomwe as beingdominant languages though Chichewa has an upper hand because it is taught in schoolsand, therefore, many young people use it compared to Cilomwe which is now mostlyused by elderly people. Cilomwe is spoken in the following areas: Nzongwe, Ndunde,Sekheya, Mwamonda, Makokola and Nsikita in TA Laston Njema; Sabuni, Mwetiheni,Mthokole, Nakoma, Robeni, Magareta, Magombo, Nogwe and Nalikata in TA Mkanda;Mandanda in TA Chikumbu. Cikhokhola was reported to be spoken at Ng’ong’ola in TA21
Page 4 and 5: Table of ContentsAcknowledgments ..
Page 6: APPENDIX 2 ........................
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION1.0. Prelimina
Page 11 and 12: (i)to guide the Ministry of Educati
Page 13 and 14: administering the questionnaires. T
Page 15 and 16: spent a lot of time searching for h
Page 17 and 18: espondents turned up for the FGDs t
Page 19: 2.1.2 Languages of BlantyreResults
Page 23 and 24: 2.1.11 Languages of PhalombeRespond
Page 25 and 26: CHAPTER 3RESULTS FOR CENTRAL REGION
Page 27 and 28: 3.1.5 Languages of MchinjiAccording
Page 29 and 30: CHAPTER 4PATTERNS OF LANGUAGE USE A
Page 31 and 32: wanted their language to be taught
Page 33 and 34: understand Ciyawo. Respondents also
Page 35 and 36: CHAPTER 5ATTITUDES AND LANGUAGE LOY
Page 37 and 38: CHAPTER 6LANGUAGE IN EDUCATION AND
Page 39 and 40: The findings of the survey show tha
Page 41 and 42: 16 Tsoka sasimba Malawi Govt Malawi
Page 43 and 44: 62 Kasamalidwe ka mwana wa masiye K
Page 45 and 46: AuthorPublication1 Bible not stated
Page 47 and 48: APPENDIX 2DISTRICT MAPS SHOWING DIS
Page 49 and 50: APPENDIX 4HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONAIRECEN
Page 51 and 52: 10. (a). Has your first language be
Page 53 and 54: 1. List down the languages that are
Page 55: ___________________________________

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