Chapter 13 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides

Esters in PlantsEsters give flowers and fruits their pleasant fragrances and flavors.Base hydrolysis or saponification,• is the reaction of an ester with a strong base.• produces the salt of the carboxylic acid and an alcohol.Cleaning Action of Soap• contains a nonpolar end that dissolves in nonpolar fats and oils, and a polar end thatdissolves in water.• forms groups of soap molecules called micelles that dissolve in water and are washedaway.Amines• are derivatives of ammonia, NH3.• contain N attached to one or more alkyl or aromatic groups.CH3⏐CH3⏐CH3—NH2 CH3—NH CH3—N—CH3Classification of AminesAmines are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary.• In a primary (1°) amine, one carbon group is bonded to the nitrogen atom.• A secondary (2°) amine has two carbon groups bonded to the nitrogen atom.• A tertiary (3°) amine has three carbon groups bonded to the nitrogen atom.H CH3 CH3| | |CH3—N—H CH3—N—H CH3—N—CH31° 2° 3°Models of AminesThe three‐dimensional models show the shapes of amine molecules with one or morealkyl groups bonded to the nitrogen atom.Naming AminesSimple amines• are named as alkylamines.• List the names of the alkyl groups bonded to the N atom in alphabetical order in frontof amine.CH3—CH2—NH2 ethylamineCH3—NH—CH3 dimethylamineCH3|CH3—N—CH2—CH3ethyldimethylamine