Chapter 13 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides

Caffeine• is a stimulant of the central nervous system.• is found in coffee beans, tea, chocolate, and soft drinks.Nicotine• increases the adrenaline level in the blood.• causes addiction to tobacco.Morphine and Codeine• alkaloids.• obtained from the oriental poppy plant.• used as painkillers.• modified to make heroin.AmidesIn amides,• an amino group(–NH2) replaces the –OH group of carboxylic acids.OO|| ||CH3—C—OHCH3—C—NH2Aromatic AmideThe aromatic amine is benzamide.Preparation of AmidesAmides are produced• by reacting a carboxylic acid with ammoniaor an amine (1° or 2°).• using heat.OO|| Heat ||CH3—C—OH + NH3 CH3—C—NH2 + H2OOO|| Heat ||CH3—C—OH + CH3—NH2 CH3—C—NH—CH3 + H2ONaming AmidesAmides are named as alkanamides.• IUPAC replaces –oic acid ending with –amide.• Common names replace ‐ic acid ending with –amide.O|| Methanamide (IUPAC)H—C—NH2O|| Propanamide (IUPAC)CH3—CH2—C—NH2