1935 Comintern 7th Congress Part 11 Maurice Thorez Anti Fascist ...

Comintern 7th WorldCongress Part 11: The Successof the Anti-Fascist United FrontMaurice Thorez1935 London: Modern Books39p"..-t. Successes of the Anti-Fascist U " d",enlte Front, lieutenants o tIC SIII1Ster Hitler that D'and,ocnng,eth'!llstcr r I II ~~" ' b "Imllrov SCt f h51 'dictmCnt 0 tIe } vvuy arbarism of ra ~"" artthe In 1 I h" I h ' ..... ISmthis tribuna, t Ie Ig I(:stpronouncedt at eXists, in a master! .~tO~e nnme, as he proudly declared, of the Comm~n7annc r­In ~ a1 ond of all the toilers of the world, St Int~r ,nation. '0"" I b\T3SItngam IInltrov \\' 10, Y the example of I," " I'" d mitable couragc, stllnu"Itl.ted thc umty'of the woIscamandk ",R 0 II " r ' , . . r mg class,Union of a antl- aSCl sts agmnst tile grcatest Crime ""the h I I ,.' ... no ..... n to" tof)', Throtlg out tIC wa r d, millions upon mill' ,on ChO " I" "r" s, am·Rists Socl3 IStS, 3ntl- ascists, tOl lers and intelk"'recincts of the Leipzigtribunal, gave new c~mfid~nce and hope to the toilers of Germany;it inspired the anti-faSCist fighters of all countries with new.rdour.Marcel Cachin has alread}' Riven the Congress a vivid :le

('(Jlllribiltiml bas\.'(1 "1'1111 th \.' "il'll CX .1Il0 \ ~ n l(: nl t o the diM:'u -.s io ll o f tI rl;' " IIt: l illie !o(0 llr t,~llt ...... , , ill) I. IUI. FASCISM I N FRANCI' A h t a~.- HI' \ ~"l 'I MMEDIATE I)A~ t; FI ~i I. I\~O'I'h... 1Il1.'::' III)" cl C Ill O n ~ tmti o ll of the p . I'' ul l' lllnlJni'>l,t t '1'1 I I!'oc c . . e c . 11..: c ro\\'{ \\,:l S ardent and cllthusiasticJtcanIl.(.'3·~ll~ ,the Peop le 's FrOllt :lIId its s!og:lIl s o f ill llll cdiat'" .t acc1alThtclb I I I. e MtU.':gle Ipence , re:1( :111( I lcrty. It manifested particular :ltt 1 ((our Comlllunist Ptlrty " _ Ih(: champio n of \\"fJrke': " ac I.men! ' f).". • S Ullltr (1. -IIli1ia tor and org3lllscr of the People's Frollt. It la ll ll c h~ 'Ifs logan. (ro m then on t h" most wides pread slos.:a n it I,' tht"S o'Vte ' I s /:'':'cryw ' I l e, c .' " I t was an lI11mellSC ' success. 1 rant't .I-I o~ \ 'e\ 'c r, as Comrade, Dimitrov ~mphasi scd yesterda}' , it wouldbe quite clang erous to Ylc ld to the Illusion th:lt fascism is alrtldo\'Crcome. At the \'ery hour that t he people of Paris W ~r r, '" d . . •..,. proc311tl1ll$:' Its rea. III~SS JI~I t~ J.el faSCism J>a ss~ ~o l o ll e l COUlit tit itRocque, \\':~!> rC\'lewlIlg Ius CIVil war t roops. , l here wen: 35 .000 IIfthem •. 1ti\'lt{'"(1 by the he:1(1 o f the governmcnt to relight tiltnl(:monru flnm.e at the to mb Of. Ihe. ~ Ilkn ow n ~ldi c r . Theymarched past In cadenced s tep. J.11 Imlltary (ormation. And Wtknow that the C roix d e F eu ( Fiery Cross) possesses arllls. motor.cycles, automobiles and airplanes . The fascist enemy has notpeen crushed. 1t is regrouping its forces and is preparing for itsnext attacks. The danger continues to grow, The profoundcauses that give birth to fascisl11 , that permit it to d evelop and togoin in streng th, have n ot disappeared . The continued aggra\'a.tion of the general c risis o f capitalism, Rnd the pers istence of the,economic cris is, are making the toilers ' living conditions mort. uliscrnblc, In order to prcvcnt and limit tht: t\:\'olt of, d Illore . ," In flS~:O , :md to preJlar(: for war by ' n,"'" "S I.lOl.I rll ,.. . ' . ' .. ng I Stit 1:1 d the bO ll r gcol ~ le on :til IIltcrllflt ion:;1 sc:tle .I lall, . H:'qUlres/li.f, f' sillfVC' ..fl ';ance th ~ curve 0 ~r()( lICtion has again fall CIi . drOPl)ingIn rd the preVIOUS I

ins titutio ns , OIn o n ~ the shopkccf){'rs a nd t h ... • II," , . l:II1cprofesslOlls- than IlIllO II ~ I Ie 1k:'IISlllltS, III spite of rs of tbit is IUllking in tho: "iIIl1g .... s.thl: great to'lttTh is is clue, IlS we s hall SeC, to his to r ica l a l I t ">74tiOIlS, lind p,lI rticlllarly to the fn c t that Frall c~ /.l IlOlil ical. . s n cou ~ II 'bourgeois d cmocnlcy, ('vcr I'lIllCC the Re vo lution f Iltt). of I. IIn onalys ing th ... J:,"cilcral :mcl s p.:-C'inl c(mditi: .1 7~, tlldveIOPIIlCllt, we must pay vcry s p o..-c ial attention t" S o ( fa ~i Stcau$Cs which rendered the toJ Ul IJOl'ary \'ictory o f 0, th,\": "'Uhjt.... ~t.III " severn , COlllltnc " s . "'"' Il"SC nrc, n , lOVe all: th . ' nscl . SIIl . i'lOs.f' -~ q\'t\\'orkmg"c'nss, or Its"IIlSI1" '1'I c u:"nt Inlhu.:llcC allJOnc 1!>011\1t' OIl of l"lt Ibclasses drawn nlong by fascism and plnced III\" R the r"!lid,,', , " " b" b . . U(>r the tell( ers liP 0 t Ie I~ ourj:tCOISle; fi S weU as the diy' . 1OIitk-.1working ' class pro\'o ked li nd llIaintained hy t he r.f I S I~ n Ollhof Social-Democracy ..(: annlS! IlOt~The course of c\'cnts in Germany- whe re \\'C witpur~Jy socialist o~ ~oaliti?l~ gove ~llm e ~Hs. and i nn~~ ~~d ~\' tra lSpatn-where Socmhs t Ministers li kewise S:l t in the co stna . anI!government, particularly iIlustrntes th is tragic rca!", unclls ofDe Ill ocra~y ' s aCCQn ' ,Wit " h t h C b ourgc?ls " lC " had obstinate 'Y" r .~al.

""'11\ to wl.iell the \oj l\'11'o of Frrllll'C 111\ \'c h "l'lI ,(';:\I .. '. , li11 J.,( 1. ( ti l k ..,,,, ,u 'o II lId h \ ' 1111\:11Hllr'III:I \'\, l lc r il' IH'c 1\ lit" ,1111 • • "IIw'1' ~'lt i'l t~t 'CI'\'II\ " III ( . ,-:I'I1 Ulll) . . • . U. :.11). , IrCOIIU'lldl' Dill"tr ,w \ ' X pltlllll,d III I,. ... 1'\'",,1'( tllal the l: '}

III. TH E FAOSCI~I ~' : 'I' I O, _ I~ ',' I\': ~~,Iy h,' ~.~ Ny T II J.: H I ~'~ I S'. " , " .~ ~~ :. ~ . ~ . !- !{ r\:-" Ct.: -' , r,,~ .III hI'; ro..'l1lll rkHhl;.: wnd.: I II,' (/,Hs .'/ 111,1;1:/ - . (: ,.'.' ' .\ 'II I: , .wr(l\\.' th:.! n ,' \ 'Olllllon or~:I Ill "C:O counlcr·rcvo ill tio '''Itt ~11 11 ;1 pplic:t t iCIII of t h (' In ws (I ( II i :IIC("I ics . co U II t \.'.' _1'(' ': 'I an,t! Iha',' ~ t.-.b . . . \0 litl , L:U'IllS the ro.:\'O ntlOIl Y ,t::IVIll~ II II rl:a l r\:\'o l . 0 11 ill 1 ', " ' , I IItlollnm :ltur cd11 t ~III the '1111 C 1l.,I!':1l1l" ( lls!1I ,,(-r sary. • r)· I I~l\ J:trx's tlws is enables liS h",'l!cr to J::"ra:.p th .. s" '"~ • • J;:Csof the d e\,clopment o f fascj"m ill F r:mcc. :l1l,1 of ' :I.lld ;ts,)f>...rcsbta ncc of the IIltlSSCS to t he f:l :-;c is\ off ...·n s ivc. the o:ro\,:j'l$The first J.!'rollping s of n clenrly (asl' iH ch ",",cI n,. " c r ' 1 1France :Jt the e nd o f 19Z·I. follo\\"lIl g the mig ht\, I " il(.'3 tf:od '' II 'f J ' , « ('1IIQIIthaI accomp,'llllc(I ~I I': reTllal1l :-> 0 aun',. from Ih' C Mral;"",, 'I>' I (: han I .Depulles 10 I Ie a lit Icon, I \\':IS :ll Ih ~ lillie o f 11 ' fi ' lUl'r~of,'th:ll is to say. ~f ~ :Hlic(ll Cabinet,. s nJ>l~ort(:d by I~h~ rl\ \ C~ tl tl,Parly, CommUllIst milnence wag o n the n ,.;e aft~r tit ~ Soelalist, fc:1I11(>.'lIg nP " o.: COU t:.0 o ur flrty agnlllsi t Ie occu pation of th\.' R ~11'()1llngainst the Po incare governmcnt.uhr all~The bourgcoi:-oie finallced the o rganisation of fight'menls against the working class, This first a ltcll1p~n .R detach.f!lilurc owing to the general sitl1 :nio ll, as well :lS to II m~~ '\ith\'igorOlis. cou nl-er-thrllst, The :;I.CI ivi ty o f t he Leagues , ,Ie, aft~" $a grenter activity of the Communist Pnrty. At that tilll~:l ~.:lletb~fought at the he:ld o f the toilers :;I.gains t the war III ::\foroc aloll tlate r ngninst the It Po incare experiment" put through in co, all~the expense of the toil ers,'926 atIn 1929. with the growing :luthority oC the Party owin'C' ' I . ' gtOtherep~r,~u ssl on s 0 It5 C',IllP:lIIgllfS, lane ~t a tunc ',"hen French im,per,l:l Ism was at t 1 Ie , . Ien~ 0 t I~ 5\\Orn ene11lICS of the So\'i~tUllion nud was fevens hf:!, preparlllg for \\':;I.r nne',' 0"0 k• ,'" ole: WasIllade 1I1X)1l the Commulllst Party and Its newsI",x:r 1'1'" ..• • , • ., IIIQm/1J he faSCist groups rcnppeared o n the sccne, A fe:llllre o f th.'period was that the bourgeoisie of France was not Content to shuf or h "f l ' put e orgamsatlon 0 cagues recrUIted among the Frc hnatlon3 ' I" IStS; It encouragee I ane I supported the very nUl\lcr nog roupsI I ' OUS0 f" II' lite g uaT< COllnter·rcvo utlOnary cmigres in Paris.Profiting by the arrest of the principal leaders of the Com,munist Party, the Barbe-eclo r g roup succeeded in gctt,illg hold ofth,,'leadc:r~hipof the Party nt thi ~ time, This ~rou ll pllt the l''''I'olu.tionary 1ll0Veme ilt on n sectnl'ian p~lth whic h bcilitatcd the Mtad; oftlk hourgl..'Oisic:I:> wdl :I:> the treason of Ih,,: Pupisl 2 h::IIIl.'r:>,~ PUJ)ists---a'g.roupo f re ncg :l( l e~ ' ~xpel1ed CTOllI the Co m1111 ~lIistParty and callinJI thcmsdvc:>" Party oC Proletari:lIl lill itY ,"- E~I ,s1,c.Cl,lor Aroup had hccn ~x l 'lOsc: d and its 5(:clarianC tC r the 11",',C)' rcjcclc(l, the Party beg:1Il a new ndvance, 193'2''\ rltlfllS, ' I''''' I {the sccom I" c ar (: , CO\1)CI\ " I' \I1g w it ' I \ the :l~Utr:\\'3-OI'lpOlh< l)Cfl O ( ~o lll iC crbis. t he comm ... n c~me nl of Ihc rll\anciat~$ he cCol \~ of t I ' chronic (l.' lfi IClt " III t I \(.' slate Id)ll g-e\ , as well as. IheI ~fl", \'IUtl t H! ',lid ofTcn.,i\,c of bl-lCism in Central EUrope, ThecrlS I f Iho.: r.dod 0 ' . ,tl.'1I1 of the lll:lSS(!S and a correcl l)()licy of demtllldsP"fO\\,in,;: (h~~ communist Part)' aid l:t\ the current of the unitcdgursllt.-d b)~~ \radc IInion unity, Th(: Amslcrdam.Pleyel mo\'(:·Pc ont :\ud ,,' {ully dc"dopcd at Ihe call of Romain Rolland andr SIlCcc:>5IIltl!I, llarbusse,flenrl ' 'at fin :m cinl scandal had be(:11 uncovcred :"It the end ofj\fler:l gfr~; i s t gfOUPi> endeavoured 10 cxploit it for a campaign1933, the P a"" liamcnl au( , ngnmst ' " t ie I' ... a{ " Ica \ I> arty that was In '. lSi (If~l\I,I ' at the time., ,., ,pO\\c r lers o f the fa :'CIst leagues :l.I\d the rC:\ctlonary 1'I01ItICI:1115'fh C le: H cdto deflect away from Communism and to channel forClldc;WO\lr" ge of capit:llism the legitimate inrlign:ltion of the11.e· .... ad":l.1l £ Fr:lIlCC n~:\ln '\ s t t \(! SWlll 'd' crs an( II t lelf ' :1ccomp I' Ices :peo~le 0 t:lri,\I1S, ministers, high judges, ambassador.;, prefects.p3-f,h::el;l~ern1s, ;\nd high dignitaries of the Legion of Honour.reUf g ied on " violent press camp3ign; they attemptedrhe)' carrdCl\lonstmtions, On February 6th , t 934. the fascistunlcrous I h ' ' k ' tJl ' nary leaders launchc( t elr troops m an altac ' agalOs(\reacUo .d' h''" ber o f Deputies. The), were unable to sucecc 11l t Clrthe Cham " The reply o f the workmg , c I ass \\'35 prompt an d e ff cec..:'_"terprlsc.On the 6th. our P a.rlY had org:uusc

,Idcpcll( \'11 Inion of J:(l \ 'crnUl~lI t ~'I III J I,,)' ('cs IIIfl.l'l ' h ' '' I , c ( 111", !lou/c"'lrd i\lu}.:cllin lo \\'an .; t Ie Plat't.' d (' I I L "clown~IIIt Ie • 11 { .\1" I nOw . , 10 the IIIl! I.I( c flll"lll provokcd lw . the :lj)jllicalion of I.:wal's, 11'111).:).\.... 1. 0 ,decrecs. '. ' . .c . r~CII C) . ' 'nt a markm;:.:: tllllc. and In i'oOme C:bc:. c\en a;:HW . 'It pre:.e I \\' "','I)(·r

("o ur ns: tlill ":\ his (ril'1H1,. of ~ · l· .. It~ nlny . I I ~ hllt1l\~ lt all:1I:,' u"iug all .1f IlwlII .I f lad, ill ).: 1'11111':110:,', or Ihl,-B u t ,0111',' a),!:lIll , t h ' II).: ' UI").: , 'OI-'II', (11101"1" Ihe " ',' ', ""'"'" r . I I lOr Ifllld (':llI' I11/o: f,.r It.,. ,,111111:1\'''11, r ... " ...·ll1l-; Ih ~ k"dct . '''c.,,\,, , r f . . :. .111" I' '"n'~I\1tc lUlt! hcllll'o,, ~' "~'nh'nl! . -1 11 .. wccp "way parhamcntansm . , . t e ' rene, " \Ve salt1:1 . . . ..det(ll, " 'r Oil every bit of terntory,..... Il HIS l:lust h ' " ' I-lJ'- ' " e c:l. rr y il\~ 01\ c :l.U\'1I11St C3mpaiAns a~n ll !>' ' {usc l :'\!> ar . , .1' he k ' the" Illctics." The)' a rc antl·scmltes,, n \\,or cr!'>, " , 1 "'h(orelg, .", the\' demand an allIance With lht Cf, c)' arc\ Vh n1 IS,m Olc,l '\I'ri\'{!:l.t.an undcrstandmp:.\\'It"1'1'. It1er aj.{ams" lvourl1ls:! 0, ,ell d ca , U lioll nAains t ComlllU llISm,the Soviet I' ,,: "n" nn"ai n on the considerablc funds at the dis-'" 1 out (we \I ... " ...1 __\'Vlt I e' , Ie Feu I should like to say:\ word or t wo :\uvutlofthcrolxl I ' ' , ' d"poSo" l ' All the Croix de F eu members Wllllll a ra ,ms. 1\lctho{!io, 1'1 ' 1 I "I\"C"their ... mblc at a g iven }llace, lelr car er a !iokilometres a~e ." 11" " 'I 'of 100 " • to or b)' plane, \Vhen 11e trave ~;" \0 ; 1. gen~ ,l>an s 111 !ill .HI . 1 1'1 • CroIX(rom " . Ill'. c"ew" o f somc lhut\' P ancs, h_ 'R que r e\,I (:\\'C( ." . " . I dde In o.~ r ked \I ) with the hi ~h('r officers :l.nd the gencra s, a nde ~c\t I:. I,ll with \hC llfescnt Air l'linister, ) 1. Laval ha~ . topar h C\l l a~ I ). \', sta\cmellt 'tt the t ime Parliamcnt recessed, I henun1it thl S~ III ,W;, ' ,,",rted b')' the church, by the high clergy,C "x de l'ell IS sUPl '" '1 T\ C)'rOI. "•. I ' nlread\' assassinated tOI er5, 1The French fascl!iob 130\(: 1' ' I" :r-\'e the fascistS d istributed a, 1 1 ngllage n ,\ 0"" •speak a ~Yl\lca " a 1l :' r':ascism will triumph even if \\' ~ have totroct which sa}S llah . \ arts nud opcn theIr guts torip open ,t.h e~r. b e 1\ie~ I, ~ car r~~\~ :~~ I ~f;, l;r'a~lice shooting, Theythe sun. 1 he fascI:st 1:\ 1 I . , 1'. lic-lis who h:lH1 towaru:s theh av~ molested and \\,OUI\( Cl e\"n .... ,H . 'Pcoplt.!'s Front. ' \ ' 'ou\(\ mC'\ll the ~onol1\ic andThe vi ctory 0 asc - T uusses For the wor -ers 1politica l annihilation of the tOl m g 1 ', f f . 'ism lI\ 'r:mcC \\. k ' t13

would 111\-'1111 1'o11l1\'ulioll \\ ' lI~· . · .; , th" al ll, lil;oll .. f II ,' .,, '" 11: 111111 " ';"/lIli IL li d of , I, . C(1)" ."'''' • • • ( . I ro.: ... t "",.'''()II(HIlil' ,,110.:11"1\' 0.: t ) l'al'lInl, til" d ".,lflll"tiwI' f " Hll e !,!, 1I.'i ~1" • • . " , ,'.' "( • "III' \I" , II \Ithe cI'''pcr:>tt 'li 0 1 C(Hln 11l.ltl, m " ollr "'0 ' 0 " . " . ,I< 0.: III ' ItN . , . ,' C I ,HI \' Ilhl"OI' ('I'IIII1o.:nl ,IL .lctn ~ It \\ 1'11 t 111sals.elll ,., ,We have (ou~ht, and we arc fightlllg. for the defence of therh.:: hts of the e,x-servi,celllell and the war victims a),(ainst theeduction of theIr pCII Slon s.r We have fou g ht, and we arc fighting, for the interests o (tcnants, sh opkel.:llcrs, nrtisans and IX':lsallts. \Ve ha\'e dem:mdtdthe reductio n o f rents and lenschold ~ . thc n ...... luctioll of laxes, andthe or$t.'\nisntioll o f immediate aid to all the victims of tht ~risis,We have supported the i"",:as:l.Ilts who delllonstrat\!d aRamsl theIO\l'ering of the price:;> for their products; \\'e ha\'(' proposed a debtmoratorium for them; We ha\'c demanded crisis relief (or th\'l\l;non-interest -bearing 10:'\11s. and the (ree distribution of St..-ed andk-rtiliser. .We have fought, ami \\'e arc lig hting, agains t the ~1R:hcost ~ flivin.':", to draw the 1I'0rkill){ \\'01\\\!l1 i.nto the Imttle "Ramst the ~ ) Igmiddlemcn, but taking care n ot to IlIle up the co n sUl~ le,:,aga.lOstthe I>cas,'lllts or ug-ainst tlw slll:lll trad~sme n.' but hrm~lIlg themtogether against the common ellemy, lug busllless. ,We havc formulated certain demands, hut we hav(' , no~ hcsltntc(\to luke over thosc that werc launched by other orgall1saltons, cventho~ hostile to the Conununisl Party. provided these demalHls'S

correspo nd to the d cs i rc ~ of ('crl(li n t s ar", C I' 'C , - ' (:111 ",1' , .decrees ? • OIllr:J.( e!'l , l.:-n.: arc t Ie Ollllll U lll:-ts.' At. 1.: "'(111)'mellt oflicia ls affectecl? ' Comrades, here arc the Come J.:o~i:rll.Tht! Communists arc behind the (armers, the s han"'cro l:,llU UI ~l~ . ', 'I"" \ p('as.:lIlts III genera, h: 11Il( t iC tenants . ~ lid si nce :111 Xrs Ii ' th 1:is c1 iscollt.:Jlted, th ...·re th..:!)' arc, tlH: :atto rneys fOr the COl rallt \:(. l ppialls('.) LU try.',\\le have done more than formulate the \lrg-elll d ('m ands {toiling masses. \Ve have indicated the means of fin:lllcingOthlhewithollt nggra\'at ing the d e~ cit ill the so ~ 'ernnl(:nt budget. W rnhm'l;: (:n~1\ offered our ~J lltl O IlS for mcctlllg" t he budget dcfi . e\Ve howe proposed reducing" the war nnd police hudf.: ets, r ceol~~I .ing the :uivnnccs made to the big banks that domillate the RO\. ~~r-.. \1 ern_ment, all( I revlslIlg government contracts. f lOY,\: all, Wt,: propoall cxtraordiI\31)' and progressive levy Oil capit31.S to .)\1 current Ilroblcm!>: thc Central Com-" ..... e \\loon- I . , t'..I " il$ ~ only :t few ( ay ,., 3J.:O a. pian of 1I11allClal fe·tTer " .a 0\1 1 . I ' , ' fI" 0 \\'or":/! , 'aCd Ihe inh:rest of the financiers and;>'I".ollg ago ~ a r , ,l{\" ct defIcits . For the: b3nkers , the deficit 3nd. state).... . ( I' ( h 'k

cion of 1I'0l'ke r:- ' o r~nn i ... ntinll". t h~· ,1 [...",lu I[' III (unio n" Ihe ... npprl's.. io ll Ilf tl1\" Cl'lIIl1l1 l1li'it P 'lrti f) lil" Cia"" , . · ... ... \h ' I"o f mililon! w(>rkcn- all( '·l·volu \l"lIaril· ... th ... t ,., ' . l·1t , :I.'~ 'lIt• ." I H I"II\. n' r:,inntioll of Ih ..• be ...' :,ulI :-. .. 1 t il .. \\'0:']..:111 ,1.: l'Ia ....... F . ,,),( :Hlt! l'\t, " " ·'''''!.Il· a.'\:leh 'lium,.:;! n f he ... \I:I 11\", I I .. , n .'turn In till ' 1"'J.:n I . 1 I ... Ih '\., "" " f" ' n ... " f 11 t \l~Age:', the :111111 11 allOll II :1 (, .!lIUI'..' , t il l ' 1" ..: i.':11 of'" 1~ :\Ij" '(,filch)" It , IS ' tIe , ' IIC " COli" wa r t o II , lie ' , I I he IIIC('-; . l"n"T [lIlt\:. liltand nllth,...f 'J ' " "'.Ult lIr, ij11da C I ~ 0 . II 0: 1' and . lus."o lini a rc h:adin. '\'I'

In th e IHlIl h~ .,( th ~' \Ioll-ill).,: ..:Ia ..... II.: dail11 til.', r, '" . I:n -\',IILl t ioIU Li \' h c nl flJo:~: 01 I Ie '. l1eyd"I';" d,.,,,, of II 1I1Il-11 1.:Chlll], r' (' . Ie 18 11 "14\1 h •• l" I\'t.'( 1 t h ..., \\.1)" ,)r t 1\' . r~·. lt Ih :\'ollltl"l1 flf , I Celli'" II' 17&J I ' li t,\\()l'k .. n nd Ililh t lelr \\n llll l:~. c :-h o w t h'u " . I llh "," r . IClr II .'1{I OClrillc . mnd ..., Inort.' liro 011 11 (1 , (ll!n~ l ollt:d . and CI, ", Jall'ria] ' rJ..:,·n iu .. of -'I:trx-, Eu/o:d .. , Lenin (lIu1 Stalin, h:" b cct)nd l c~1 h), ,:-, , " " UleIlIll h.'ri:di .. m . -'1m XI"III - ,...'111 111 "111 : I Ie t heory and II ..h",I"\~ I i ....., I"' 1(: P I -I . ~ .lt h\,., n ' \'olut lOmny pro l:I:lrl!lt. t h.' J;:rcat huillh:r f • ('he1.: ,aln' Mly Ihe 11 11,.,1,'1' 0 r 1)(l\\Cr 11\ ' on("~lx "' t I 0 r thl' Jd o h 0 " .!ooQ(:-" IlIli'ttt "l , ,\\'c s how hOI\" Iht! COlllmu ni .., proktllria u">, (ollo\\'" .. I '"f I Ill/{ I .n 'C'OIIl IIU' lIf la llon , I ry d (ISHII" .,Ie I Ie IrC(U /I ,.('s (If l.: ,t l l lll'~11 1'1' 11 " 111/11 / 1' 11 b \' (I I/ 11I1I1I(l/li/" , " (I ,(' n i ll'~ Spl'('("h to , o II :"{rd: " , , I 1(: \' t tAnd, w (' do 1 11

. f" ' ,the p(."Oph: 's lihe rties. Th:\t is \\"h:1I i ~ h r illiT • :Iutly I'{'x l ~rl('lIl'c 0 t H' :-)Iwlet 11lt'11 . rO\'cd IFinally. vur L'o rulIlllni",t Pa n ~' 11111'" "., I}. t~t.. .. • , llUll\»)'orgnlll:-:lIlOll tl) Ulllt.: ;111l con -.olid:l\e the.,LlHj·h.·a·lIt"" II)m ovem ent. • 'i(" l ~ t . tilIn spite of n~ ul pro~rc~. or,s.::lIIisation ",tin . . " '(}Il]t',. .,., , ' f' f,"I\I:III) 'IlOlnt. Jere arc t I O IlS:Ul( S 0 '''HIed frolll c . :; Ollt, ,01ll1lIJ\, \\·.... lj \ m s tl.' r< :ull move1llen l a Oil":, . I1nd~' r th ~· . a" •. " u )'WI~~eeffective measures, such as the th s.'\rmatnen~ and the. d~s"ta).:111% f ,he fascist leagues and the arrest of their leader~. WI!sO. lution ,pori o· ' /li esc meaSures, 5' • uc I a po " IC:';, ." \\'e • added . '-:rIll SI P, r"over create the best conditions for the m::un·"I\'oul< Ino e , < , ,'f )Cace and it wonld ha\'e our suppor ,no mere'l' intenance 0 I' " t . "Parliament, but throughout the COUll r!'. ,. ression produced was tremendous. Our declarationsthe UllP in public scs..o;ion, from the tribune of the Chamber.were repea ted . ... the Flandin government was overthrown.That \'ery evcmn", •We had gh'cn the Ratlical devuties a little I\\ore CQurag~'" f f eAfter~\' ards,the Left gro~tpS m.e\. agnin~e~h~:~~r~i~~e \:~ I:V~:.of the Conltllllnists. A d l sc us ..';lO n . ~tar C "'munist Party that• f L £t rovernmenL It \\as our om .~:!I!~eOdr~vin~ £;rce at these me.ctings, puttil1ga~~~~~\i:t:si::~:ftit clear that it would under no c~rc\ll1lsta~c~s ~govcrnlllcn t ,but stating 1hM It wa!'O a \\ ay•rea/Y to support

IIICR_..;UI"O:"; ( 1I 1'flUrllhl ... h . I ho.: lah,)urin,L:: .lI1a,,]o,I.:", T h l: ' .'1IId 111l.' RadicH I Par ty \\'I.:rc le d tn .Idllh: I h~' ir r . S,"I(:I:.1i"' , , " . " "" C(,, IIIn tl1 \' IIIl·an\\'hl!..- I h .' •• U' ..... OIl J.:"VCllllUclit , ' V "'l~" a'itf, 1'1.1 I 'leiBut the /" ·..·:-..;111'... (I I Ie m .. ... 'oC:-o . rdlcl'tt:d ill II "-'1: 11 f t-..If ' I \,' 'Ut il " t 'llmll,'urity of tIl\' R:I( 1\::1 • Cpll\I< ..• ... , dc,'h:.l hy , .. lId .., f '"'1: " " 0l1lh, () t ~ .Ihllt )JoLl i",.OIl w a :-. " O\'L'I'I f 11'''\\' 11 the day he .. " II"a, 'ItL UII\., I . '11(\C hamber .I{:fqr..,.Aile! the :-CS.. iOIl:' of the I .e ft d clc).:alioll", \\'Cl"c r ' _ lilt• . • • l.: "U n l \: IThe !'XX' I:lII ~ t P a rty s lIhlllltkc1 ;I S th\.· has is f tJ I' . . :(.collabonlte Wit ' f I til,: f I. :I e " lea 'I',ll"tY ,:I IlI'Ograllllll II " · i ....c of .'. ,,:~t:~illr.: t.which I s hall retnr n to lah., r and w hic h t ht: Radical l',SOC bdon:: ollr P a rty, Thc C l11 c~ ti onf ·~ t . , . IIr, IUlil. . r-;c\\ . I unit..:d front ).:"overnHlCI1\ or a :,:oVt:rnmenl o f.,.,ill!!l"· C\,cnlU,1 , .V~·.n"", of all ' . pcopl..: S I' fon t. . .,i.fn:.C1:;t "Illcntary comhlllatlOns al\a l oJ{Oll~ to those of:tEl ' . par In { '~' { cO,lr:;.o.:· . , I" in 11)23 arc Ollt 0 lhl: ' 1\I\::-.1I0 n , Nor docsodlcr. snxol ., ( I k ' I \ 'II' ' ,: 'I hour Government 0 t ie ' \1)( w e lave wit·urJll !I ,n .'V'; Ileal! ' . 'II ",itnes..\lIJ.:, IIII'·.Il':':lla n e. all( I III ' vanous. , Sc an e. I' I·1·· is ......I1. Of:1 re :" ~(I and even lc .. s a eoa"lliOIl,~o v..:rnm t: llt II 'k'e tho:-.e'pF-- ntTlc!'>. . ". h ' ,(I :(lSI co ll So ialisl Parl i,' ., Cll' to k ' 11",1 "I /lI e h, CSC ld lime 0 111"a ISO ' nO\\ . "a mill onl)" o f theI ' .. 'uut we a I .' and above an . only a mlllonty o{ the people ofII"(lrkiJII.:: c a :o..~•• co""ictions and arc jig/dill/.! d 'jlll Ihe jirm desire-hare ollr . - . ,L'rance ~ 5' I 10-"" Th"l i~ whv So")el power cannot leI blish , 01} I C ", • . •10 iSla, ' I o{ our ,lresent str\l~ ).:. l e, nut alth oll~h we :uc. 11ledlatc g:o.\ ,. r IIthe 1\1\,. .c C'III '\\ld we must lead the majority 0 It:. 11111l0IIITlty. \\ ., , bl'-h { { -.:t I " I " I 'I ~'rmined to 3\'01d thc es t ~\ \ :s mC11t 0 a as" \\' H e I I :> (~ .... . h,?u nt~ J ', rshi ) :lt uti co.stS. \Vc can and we ~nu s t convlII ~ e t eClst dl c t .~to ll·... l ' lru.~""lc and on the basis of their own expenence,sses 111 h . :S ,..,.. . "Ina, . , ...'1 r attaining a SoVIet Repub IC,f the ncces.",1 yo. • , . 'o .' r ' \ltent that is acculllulating ami makm~ Itself felt I~l1 he ( I ~eo I nslralions :l,:::ainst the .:meTgen('y decrees can .~ x­IIUllIero ll :-. d en 0 the overthrow of the l..avtll )..:overnmcnt. 1 he1>lo(\e and lead ft~, P' lle'.s Front and its constant reinf o rce~m: ntde\'eloplllent 0 tIC eOI - . .. o f the National Umonit to hccomc thl! :-.ucccssorcan caliSego,' cr nmentR, ' , . me'HI the bl!~inning of :I serious\ ne W C,\binct Crl:>IS will . . .. If I Tcsignj . • ' :' . 1" \ i~ said to h:\ve to\(t Hern ~ t : .'poittlcal Crl~IS. ..~: ~ . f tl " R:ldical:> the Parhatnentary Tecessowing \ 0 the OP llO~ ll\ O n 0 ~I! ' , , , dl:' Feu," The Cotnwillend with the dictatorsluJl of the CT01X27

IIlIlIIi .. , I'lII ty. '" ~I\'itl~!': the Co mn ~l1lli.s t Part)', its Illc~l1bl: r:-; and . its militantsas wcll as Its SYl1llxltll1sers, t h:ll arc conSCIOUS of the Ir uni£llI(.' r I'and of the uniq11 e go:il s that they arc purs uing- ill an !lbSO hll~l~independent fa shion, but th e allies and the o ppo nents o f Co~.llluniSIll now acknowledg e, each in his OWIl fashion, Our prolt,tarinn and re\'olutio nnry ori.c:inality, and they take into aCCOuntollr own streng th a nd our own ac tivity,In Jltlrticular, we owc thi:-> indepcnde nce to the application 01the" class agains t" c lass " tllct ics that hns c:lI1sed us to aPI K'ar0 11 nil absolutely diffe re nt pi nne, distinc t fro m nil o ther partil:Sincluding the Socinli!'l Pnrty . O llr action o f Febrl1!lry 9th wa ~g uided by these princ ipII:!' of independence,Vi. THE STRUGGLE FO R THE {]:-.1 'TY OF TIlEW O RK' NG C LASSThe Communist Inte rna tio na l has neve I" Slopped fi g-hling 1028halt, I,,:o; il"o.: for ullity rcali-;cd . l.t has not•. jll j,t c1a!4.~ , 'lill ~ UU;\)' of all t ) r(,le' fm:m~ , Forthe \"or,.. tllll . )::: the h ~ I I it ... eH . 1\1 \'a11l ' to \,e ' ".:1 1O\lr :11,"~ , ' 1111111 (h!rc..... Cf , • I " IV· .rI1 I e 'I IHI .. : I . \ . vicw lowanl" " rj.t:\II1~ 1I1 ~ , H: tim (:(...-.1'1 .• part. 1~ h tC ~f t;;'; Con\1nunist Interna~~n~~~t ~\}~(.Ir~~ l1"re 0 11 :1 Jtra l,l,d \ ' a~ W'I:; fitting. Qur Comrade CachlllJIlal .)" \Ve ro.:p w( • ')IOSCO\\ ' ,alk o f m:lnCCuvre, ' " \Ve arc I~I a!>lid~ , 1 n sorry to h o.:M yO\ ~ t, " " .t If to_morrow faSCism, ~I which is. \\\'o:thm.' :-: falsc, s {l3.tlle o f the Asturias wa~r~ urol ,'!ish itself III Sp:ttn the . ,' \1 fascism nothould e:'i a ) t c \~ th what PO" er \\ I! t its height) . ~~' h:l\ ~a~\sm in France derive tremelldo~r fu~• \lire, and \\'1 nO . ; 'H ,. much more dangerous WI .a~ ra ~cmen t therefrom .. ") ~1H.\ so to imagine un~er th~ Clr­concontrastto th~!' " IS Betweel1 thc Secolld all~~~~~f \~:~l!~'~\'':hl~?~ d01~~ ~~ ~\~~r~~\'Sh~\~~~:' i~sider that the c xpencn cc~, I tll c J,'ego I(l 101• Verbatim '~,c p o ,~ °T ollllon, 19:\S. 1'.15- 16 ,Third Illtana/IOII" .' , .29

. , .. ,,' .II ... ~· .. of the SI)(' i:ll;-.\ I' rll l i~'" ill oth"" I' .(':q ..... " . I I Ulllnt .1/": UlOre tIHllll · ~'IH · I I"'I\ · C . '\IHI II \'\\'1' -": IV l l cl· i " i\ r~ l:> at," "" .,,1,'''' \ '011 1..11"" t il .... 1,,· ... lI lh. " II ..., ,h.,.." . ~ . >. "'att.\...11 • • • . . ,,..,. Ih:,, • f ', It _"WltiUII:!1 p"s lJ ~'lh.'d their rq.ly 1111111 Ihe Ill .. ) th., \;:f'c · . . , . . ~dIH I' . ~'"., ' ne' of tll ... f l utl'rna\I"n:1 , \\ I1I('h I1Id III " .. ' ." 'If Ih. "l!10.: C l .. , .... I II ". ~ l~' /'",' . , ..... Sf' lOIWl11l·n\ \lll" l anlalllOllll\ to a "e{n"" \ " 'j)','.,.. ..... • • .. 1111 • 1111f'rCIIC'(' till' tI ... k J.::lh~S ('Ollie! not :lgr"~ l' UII the \cno f .tt Ihi ~, . . I " r O lh.'I",, "'t'I,/"COlIIllllll\l1ot Intcrnat lona . I he\' had to Cn ',fi ~IrC • ',. tll l.:th. )~.wilfulrn\\'Iilg:- ns th ... y th .... Ill,..c1n~ s Pili 1\ 111 thd r Jc.tt. ~u l ~h.~ II,IlIlio ll of March 18 t h- l Oth, 1053. pr.)hihit ill g t h.·\:t- th {'it. I f "It Ilatt" '.....(,!'il:lbli !'ihin ~ t h •.: unlte< rnllt Ull a uatiullai :-'ItU·tthe- :'I13,\' hrsl delll on stratlo ns )e or,-=lIl11i'ed iu COlli~ Itq,fascism am / war .' "'1"liS lillie ::1)::'a ll1 '"III V:IIII .1Il0n 3.';.:a1n.\l•~cverthcle .ss . the united frollt was g rndllalh · hcinl ratlon a~ain ':>t thl.!~ . I parti C .. I II C .. .. .~,1~~ nllc\ 1° 1 jUlY Slh , Smcc I lell 1\{ .. ..., _~ ~Ill,~IU I\I S I ,I,"ltlatlves.," fell 01 ,c hvollr amollJ.{ t II.! ,~ I a bt WOI"'et':>. Tho::,p. tIC nt! lno '. ) I....i': , \10re a C Illcil, whIch melon 1I Y 15th to votl.! 011 onrC I'" 11h I ' \III 01 f . . , .", "alla l ... ,>·tCI a )011\\ :.trugg e agalll:.l \\ ar andIll", ll ·_1 ~ , ,,{or '" .'• .d - ,.,)OlI.1 " ,I the ul\I\(:d fr OIl I.oq.~. " cccp'~b1 l c finally:1 I ."t., o{ the pact. It conCern:. 111(: o r~allbin;.{I ',JIl, tltt:: c n ll e . . ffJ.:(! "110\\' 1 ,)O()li llg 0111' o tl-::alll ~a IIOl\ rc.-,ou rCb or tht::\·o~ .. . II all( •. , acllO, f' - ... bm. \\, e h a( I propO!'>Cl "t lat , h e aClton .'0111 • , -t . 1 ...... ,of J ,Ie a~nl1:- r .ctlcy d ecrt::

Ihe \V/l li of t he CUIIHUUlIlInl:o' 011 t h .. 1

~ " ,,'" r - r~ \'ulll i inlla r i .. ~ f ~1I 1 1H I 0.:1I:t 11I11iulI ~~,. ... "'\',,"Sodnl i )i t ~. . 11I"Il" 1{'Oil Blum wru\c :I h ':irfu l :1 rI Id...: , Ii i,.", lilt~ ... . .•• '. • • '. >,IPc r f ,, inted"t he ()d I O u~ (1...,{\11(1 en! 111

(f) P rcl'tlrll l iOIl {or :lrm ,:d i n " IIIH'('l iOlll, ("I' tl! . ", f . . C"('hl11I .... I'rolcl nrl:. [, 01 ~' \ ' t("ll' \ ' \\ l ·r, a ... t hl..' ('II'lIt f "lr"'h'' I n, (: 'I.-.'I' " , '1o:0\'CI"II I1It' II 1.hd Con "Sh .'lI! II1k,'IIH!lnll,1 '''' '11 .(h) Ani li;ttiol.' to /I 1> i ll ~lc p a rty nf Ih(: w t)rkillJ.: cia ... ,(i) Dclllocn'ltic ccll t m h sl1I,0) W ork within t he faclnrics.11"'l '\ Ve ended wil h tI $.:clh .'r.. 1 ",,"po:-. itioll of thl: pro •. r "o • " •• II1l1le Ip roktnrHl. n SllI te w0\11d ('tiny Hilt , wh at II wou ld giv\.' , t lat th, f " tie \' . t('iltl:J,!'orl(:s 0 10 1 crs. :ltl()ll\The h.'lIdcl's hip o f the Suciali ... t I':u'ty has 110 1 y.ll lt h()u~h oll r Cen t ral Committee u 1>k c d it tn h e so Rood ~ l . rCI'litdhnvc its o pinio n 0 11 the q uestion of un ity. ,IS to l ~t ~T he united fro n t h as hee n vcry li se (II I for the work i ll ,h as e nab led it to olTer better n:sblallce to the offell !'>ive o~ ~ I ~ ~, ; Itto the ol1"n:-;i"" o f capit:l l. T he u n ite d frolll has brough t ~ SCISIll ,t ioll.s ~f t il\: pctty ·bourReoisie c1o~e r l ~ the w~rk i ll/.:' clr. : ; .~ . ~: st~.Socmhs! J e:l c1 ~rs , those o f t hc. RI Rht III par t~ C I11n . I · , said: " I~l al .nacccp t the un ll elllng a mggan )'O ur :If • , 'h ood ' Itoilers. 0 a 'reat political party . actll1g w it g sense. am.... lie)'. but a:;· g . ol.he efforts to be made and the battles to'".jlh a c 1 ear pe rspective . , I a of the means to bl! employ(.'(1 to carry 0 n:" d a correct I ( ebe wage •1M victory,. . h o ~ that our experience will be u~ful to th""comrade ... \\ c I . ',.(1 1 address m)' sc\f partlcuia.tiy toI t1 e r countnes . 1 '1. " . - 1toilers 0 0 I f G an}' to the German Soclahst wor",ers .our brothers 0er ,mi\o~ of rcturning some da)' soon, as ontltPJ"eSS to thelll Ill)the tomb of Karl Liebknecht and RosaJ anuary 15th, 1933. to , b Hitler's dogs to cclcbrate there,bd csccratel)' , h " .Luxelll ur~.' .. their victor\' attained thanks \0 t e um }'1 ngsidc 1 hahnantl, )"a 0 '.' \ass (4 pplau sc. .' \I 'of the wor,.;;lng c. . . 1 ~ eet thl! lInity of action \Xlrtla )We arc happy . com r~ (.es 'A\O~~a ami Silain. where fj ~ hti\1 g h asrealised hy o ur brother:. 111 u.t:lkcn place. 1 t '.rnational once a ~ ain loudly a.~dWe arc proud that ou~ n e, ', ngane in negotiations w)th, ' 11 t it IS reat y 0 e . to- • I d 10clearly pro c1.:lIIll~ \a i hoth to o rganise a utllted ront .a.nthe leade rshIP of the L .S . ", , {the internalional pr o l etana~ , .prepare fo r the complete \ll\1t) I ~hrou~h out the world makes It \1\-The s ituatio n in France all(37

e mllLII:!nl UpOJl I1S t o be 1II0fo.! IIncl 1II0l"c c:>;:a •' " •• ClIll,l{ •QIII' own S IU:Ct-,S";cS. 00 great wcakn cs.."\t:s, s , ' " . 1\'l t h' ,.. . I ('xl ' l ' ttk~ment 11 11(1 III o ur arty, es pecially in th" r. ' S 11 \ 0', til l!), r , . ... H:ld 'Or IhA.s (l'ug,::, lcs jill( 0 trfl( c U I\I ~ II \\ ~or k . :1111011 ,::. the of I.: I!O~'V\· t .wome n a nd, ~ cll c rHl1y speakmg , 1/1 ma ilers o f o r P~asa l\ lt GillieAl!ho llg h som e pfoRrcs$ hns h een cfT010' ~,o f O IlT Party . Rica] ~.In FrIIllCC , g rc:lt h:lttlcs :I fC iml'cn )Owed under thl':\"tt\tribut~ to to fi ght with :Ill Ollr h e:lrl .... ~~ all our s tren ~t.h."CO f {aSCls m,. . , for pcnC(: , for the dcfcnc(: of the Soviet'·e 0)".. cad.r r hbert), F ' So' R ,,'0 to ~o furth o:r, to the ' r(:l\c \. " ,et \!JlU) U: ,{of .b t We want ' l\a1\ nchie\'(: u nder th(: banner of tho;: Com·. ., 1011.. ph w e S·' . . . , ,v tTlUlll • I under the IIl vtnCI )1(: bnnncr o f ~ nrx,I""~{literna-tlOlla,I\fl lst d Stalin. r '• " all ' ,, ' a ttIc wilt b e h ard. h ut W I;! arc !';ure 0 vIctoryel\ll that t \ e ). .. ,f , \1e kil O \\' • f ' to breast the tumultuous WOlV CS at DmnlfO\' S~ we do not e ~r h elm o f o ur ship is in lh(: firm h ands of thet il Iltol\S s i\l ~e t .le \11' de ar and g r