Air Force Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Flight Plan
Air Force Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Flight Plan
Air Force Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Flight Plan
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Headquarters U.S. <strong>Air</strong> <strong>Force</strong><br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
<strong>Air</strong> <strong>Force</strong> <strong>Unmanned</strong> <strong>Aerial</strong><br />
<strong>System</strong> (<strong>UAS</strong>) <strong>Flight</strong> <strong>Plan</strong><br />
2009-2047<br />
Lt Gen Dave Deptula<br />
Deputy Chief of Staff, Intelligence,<br />
Surveillance and Reconnaissance<br />
1
AF ISR Transformation<br />
�� �� New challenges challenges, new new adversaries adversaries mandate new role for ISR<br />
�� Collectively necessitated AF ISR Transformation<br />
�� Expanded role and reach of AF ISR<br />
�� Requires changing the culture regarding ISR<br />
�� Approach:<br />
�� ORGANIZATION: Organize AF ISR as a holistic AF-wide enterprise to<br />
optimize presentation of ISR capabilities to service, joint, & national users<br />
�� � PERSONNEL: Develop ISR career paths to build viable “bench” bench of AF AF ISR<br />
senior leaders to meet 21st � PERSONNEL: Develop ISR career paths to build viable bench of AF ISR<br />
senior leaders to meet 21 Century demands<br />
st Century demands<br />
�� CAPABILITY: <strong>Plan</strong>, guide, and orchestrate AF/ISR from a capability-based<br />
perspective p p<br />
as a consolidated functional area<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Codifying AF ISR for the 21 st Century<br />
1) AF ISR Strategy: AF ISR’s long-range plan that provides overall<br />
guidance and philosophy<br />
2) AF ISR <strong>Flight</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>: Identifies options to resource the AF ISR strategy<br />
3) ) AF <strong>UAS</strong> <strong>Flight</strong> g <strong>Plan</strong>: Action plan p to guide g AF <strong>UAS</strong> development p<br />
4) ISR CONOPs: Describes how we envision integrating and optimizing<br />
ISR day-to-day operations<br />
Timeline: Decades<br />
Timeline: Years<br />
Timeline: Today<br />
Strategy<br />
<strong>Flight</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>s<br />
CONOPS<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
3
What do <strong>UAS</strong>’s Bring to Operations?<br />
� Persistence—ability to loiter over a target for long time periods<br />
ffor ISR and/or d/ opportunity t it to t strike t ik enemy target t t<br />
� Undetected penetration / operation<br />
�� Operation in dangerous environments<br />
� Can be operated remotely, so fewer personnel in combat zones—<br />
projects power without projecting vulnerability<br />
� Integrates “find, fix, finish” sensor and shooter capabilities on one<br />
platform<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
4
Result: High Demand Asset<br />
Growth in <strong>Air</strong> <strong>Force</strong> medium-altitude<br />
MQ-1 Predator and MQ-9 Reaper Combat <strong>Air</strong> Patrols<br />
40<br />
35<br />
� 2004 = 5 30<br />
� 2004 = 5<br />
� 2005 = 8<br />
� 2006 = 11<br />
� 2007 = 18<br />
� 2008 = 33<br />
� 2009 = 38<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009<br />
660% Increase in 6 years!<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
5
…A Joint approach to:<br />
USAF <strong>UAS</strong> Vision:<br />
What We Believe<br />
Get the most out of <strong>UAS</strong> to increase joint warfighting<br />
capability, while promoting service interdependency and<br />
the wisest use of tax dollars<br />
Requires:<br />
� Optimal Joint Concept of Operations (CONOPS)<br />
� <strong>Air</strong>space Control Resulting in Safe/Effective <strong>UAS</strong> Operations<br />
� <strong>Air</strong> Defense Architecture to Achieve Security w/o Fratricide<br />
� Increased Acquisition Effectiveness, Efficiency, Standardization<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
An <strong>Air</strong> <strong>Force</strong> with…<br />
AF <strong>UAS</strong> <strong>Flight</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>:<br />
Vision for the future<br />
� <strong>Unmanned</strong> aircraft that are fully integrated with manned aircraft<br />
across the full range of military operations<br />
� <strong>UAS</strong> that th t use automated t t d control t l and d modular d l “plug-and-play”<br />
“ l d l ”<br />
payloads to maximize combat capability, flexibility and efficiency<br />
� Joint <strong>UAS</strong> solutions and teaming<br />
� An informed industry and academia – knowing where we are<br />
going and what technologies to invest in<br />
Capabilities<br />
Capabilities-based based <strong>Air</strong> <strong>Force</strong> <strong>UAS</strong> vision thru 2047:<br />
Defines Defines DOTMLPF DOTMLPF way way forward<br />
forward<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
7
Headquarters U.S. <strong>Air</strong> <strong>Force</strong><br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
AF <strong>UAS</strong> <strong>Flight</strong> g <strong>Plan</strong><br />
2009-2047<br />
Colonel Eric Mathewson<br />
AF <strong>UAS</strong> Task <strong>Force</strong>
Assumptions<br />
� Manned and unmanned systems must be integrated to increase<br />
capability across the full range of military operations for the Joint<br />
<strong>Force</strong><br />
� <strong>UAS</strong> compelling where the human is a limitation to mission success<br />
� AAutomation t ti is i key k to t increasing i i effects, ff t while hil potentially t ti ll reducing d i<br />
cost, forward footprint and risk<br />
� The desired effect is a product p of the “integrated g system” y (payload, (p y<br />
network, and PED); and less the particular platform (truck)<br />
� Modular systems with standardized interfaces enhance adaptability,<br />
sustainability and reduce cost<br />
� Robust, agile, redundant C2 enables supervisory control (“man on the<br />
loop”)<br />
� DOTMLPF-P solutions are linked and must be synchronized<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
9
Conventional Harbor<br />
� 4 operators per crane<br />
�� Manpower-centric Manpower centric system<br />
� Legacy system<br />
� Manpower dependant<br />
� Manual Operation<br />
Autonomy<br />
“Multi-Crane Control”<br />
� 1 operator per 6 cranes<br />
� 24x increase in efficiency<br />
� Tech-centric system<br />
� Multi-crane Control<br />
� Automation (cranes and AGV)<br />
� DGPS<br />
� Algorithms<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
Automated<br />
Manual<br />
10
� 50 CAPs<br />
2011<br />
(Current system)<br />
� 50 MQ-9 CAPs<br />
Autonomy – Multi-<strong>Air</strong>craft Control<br />
Potential Manpower Savings<br />
� 50 CAPs<br />
2012<br />
(MAC)<br />
� 50 MQ-9 CAPs<br />
� 50 CAPs<br />
TBD<br />
(MAC + 50% auto)<br />
� 50 MQ-9 CAPs on orbit<br />
� + 7 a/c in constant transit � 2 CAPs per MAC GCS � 25 CAPs automated<br />
� 10 pilots per CAP<br />
� 1 ttransit it per MAC GCS<br />
� 25 CAPs in MAC (5 pilots/CAP)<br />
� 500 pilots required<br />
� 5 pilots per CAP<br />
� 125 pilots required<br />
� + 70 pilots to transit a/c<br />
� 250 Pilots required<br />
� + 25 auto-msn monitor pilots<br />
570 Total Pilots � + 0 to transit aircraft<br />
� � + 0 to transit aircraft<br />
250 Total Pilots<br />
150 Total Pilots<br />
56% Manpower Savings<br />
Transit<br />
Surge Capacity<br />
MAC = 1 pilot can fly up to 4 a/c<br />
Auto<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
64% Manpower Savings<br />
Transit<br />
Surge Capacity<br />
Surge Capacity<br />
Surge Capacity<br />
11
B-52<br />
Modularity<br />
Effective Affordable Flexible<br />
• Standard Interfaces<br />
• Variable / Tailorable<br />
armament set<br />
• JFC Mission Flexibility<br />
• Conventional/nuclear<br />
• St Stand-off d ff strike, t ik CAS<br />
PCs<br />
• Standard interface/bus<br />
• SSwappable bl components t<br />
• Promotes vender competition<br />
• Drives down price, improves<br />
quality, allows for tailorability<br />
• $399 PCs are realityy<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
C-130<br />
• One platform/truck<br />
• Supports multiple<br />
missions<br />
• Swappable modules<br />
12
M-X<br />
AMC-X CONCEPT<br />
CAPABILITIES STUDY<br />
M-X<br />
Multi-Mission<br />
<strong>Air</strong>craft<br />
Common Platforms<br />
NGG AMC-X<br />
Notional Examples<br />
Common R&D<br />
• Mobilityy<br />
• Long Range Strike<br />
• <strong>Air</strong> Refueler<br />
AMC-X<br />
PSAS<br />
KC KC-XX<br />
Common Common components, components similar similar shape shape, and same same production production line<br />
line<br />
Enabling the “Global” in “Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!”<br />
13
� Methodology<br />
�� Identified where we are today<br />
How do we get there?<br />
� Examined future scenarios and desired capabilities<br />
� From that future perspective identified actions to get there from<br />
ttoday d<br />
� Matched compelling requirements to <strong>UAS</strong> capabilities aligned<br />
with AF Core Functions<br />
� Identified and sequenced actions addressing not only materiel<br />
solutions, but also the doctrine, organization, training, facilities<br />
and policy<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
14
Today<br />
NANO/MICRO<br />
Small<br />
Medium<br />
“fighter fighter size size”<br />
Large<br />
“tanker size”<br />
Special S i l <strong>UAS</strong><br />
WASP III<br />
Raven<br />
Scan Eagle<br />
MQ-1B<br />
MQ-9<br />
EO/IR/SAR<br />
RQ-4 Blk 10/20<br />
RQ-4 Blk 30<br />
+ASIP<br />
EA<br />
GAP<br />
AF <strong>UAS</strong> <strong>Flight</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>:<br />
Mission sets for <strong>UAS</strong><br />
FY09 FY47<br />
Current<br />
Capability<br />
Shortfalls<br />
MP-RTIP<br />
RQ-4 Blk 40<br />
Nano<br />
Family of Transformers<br />
Indoor recon, indoor lethal/non-lethal, indoor comm, cyber attack, Swarming<br />
NextGen – Multi-Mission<br />
Tier II ST<strong>UAS</strong><br />
<strong>Air</strong>-Launched S<strong>UAS</strong><br />
Interoperable <strong>UAS</strong> C2<br />
High Altitude Long Endurance<br />
Personal ISR, Lethal, SIGINT, Cyber/EW, Counter <strong>UAS</strong>, Auto-sentry<br />
ISR, Comm Relay, Lethal/Non-lethal, Cyber/EW, SEAD, SIGINT, Low Altitude Pseudo-Sats<br />
ISR ISR, Comm Relay, Relay Lethal, Lethal SIGINT<br />
ISR/EA<br />
Low Observable<br />
Close-in ISR, Lethal, SIGINT/DF<br />
EA/ISR/CAS<br />
Fighter<br />
Recap<br />
SEAD/AAR-T<br />
Counterair, Missile Defense<br />
MQ-Ma MQ-Mb<br />
MQ-Mc<br />
Large<br />
<strong>Air</strong>craft<br />
Recapp<br />
RJ/E-X C/KC-X NGLRS<br />
MQ-La MQ-Lb MQ-Lc<br />
Hypersonic<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
15
Nano<br />
Navigate / communicate<br />
inside buildings<br />
Micro<br />
Close-in reconnaissance<br />
& situational awareness<br />
Man-portable<br />
-ISR<br />
- Time-Sensitive<br />
-Lethal<br />
<strong>Air</strong>-Launched<br />
- Close-in ISR<br />
-Lethal<br />
- SIGINT/DF<br />
Multi-Mission<br />
16<br />
Finder<br />
S<strong>UAS</strong><br />
S<strong>UAS</strong> “Family of <strong>System</strong>s”<br />
Scan Eagle<br />
Wasp III<br />
Nano<br />
Irregular Warfare<br />
“S<strong>UAS</strong> Family of Transformers”<br />
- Personal ISR<br />
-Lethal<br />
- SIGINT<br />
-Cyber/EW<br />
- Counter-UAV<br />
Lite Machine’s<br />
- AutoSentries Concept Conceptual al S<strong>UAS</strong><br />
Raven B<br />
Increasing Increasing across all mission sets<br />
Switchblade S<strong>UAS</strong><br />
Technical Demonstration<br />
Anti Anti-Access Access Support<br />
Voyeur S<strong>UAS</strong><br />
Technical Demonstration<br />
Tier II Joint<br />
-ISR<br />
- Comm Relay<br />
- Lethal<br />
Bio-Mechanicals<br />
- Indoor Reconnaissance<br />
- Indoor Lethal/Non-lethal<br />
Lethal<br />
- Indoor Comm<br />
- Cyber attack<br />
- SSwarming i<br />
Family of Expendables<br />
- Close-In ISR<br />
- Expendable Jammers<br />
Artist<br />
Conception<br />
Future AL AL-S<strong>UAS</strong> S<strong>UAS</strong><br />
-Lethal<br />
- Counter <strong>Air</strong><br />
- Precision Clandestine Resupply<br />
- Cyber attack<br />
Next Gen Multi-Mission<br />
Multi Mission<br />
-ISR<br />
- Communications Relay<br />
- Lethal / Non-lethal<br />
- Electronic/Cyber Attack/SEAD<br />
-ISR<br />
GT Aero<br />
- <strong>Force</strong> protection p<br />
-FID<br />
- SIGINT<br />
Conceptual Bandit S<strong>UAS</strong><br />
- SIGINT/Low Altitude Pseudo-Sats<br />
- = New Mission areas<br />
Now Future<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
16
MQ-1<br />
- Collection – SIGINT/FMV<br />
- CAS<br />
MQ-9<br />
- Collection – SIGINT/FMV<br />
- CAS<br />
MQ-Xa<br />
MQ-9<br />
Modular Payyloads<br />
- Collection<br />
- SIGINT/FMV<br />
- Wide Area <strong>Air</strong>borne ISR<br />
- SAR/GMTI<br />
- CAS<br />
EW<br />
Medium “<strong>System</strong>”<br />
EW/ISR<br />
CAS<br />
Comm Relay<br />
ISR<br />
Collection<br />
CAS<br />
Dissemination<br />
Comm Relay<br />
Specialized ISR<br />
Collection<br />
AAR-R&T<br />
Dissemination<br />
Specialized ISR<br />
AAR-R<br />
MQ-Xb<br />
Modular Payloads P<br />
EW<br />
ISR<br />
CAS<br />
Comm Relay<br />
Collection<br />
Dissemination<br />
Specialized ISR<br />
AAR-T<br />
SEAD<br />
<strong>Air</strong> Interdiction<br />
Modular Paylooads<br />
Aeromedical Evacuation<br />
Personnel Recovery<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
SEAD<br />
<strong>Air</strong> Interdiction<br />
Counter <strong>Air</strong><br />
CSAR<br />
Missile Defense<br />
Strategic Attack<br />
MQ-Xc<br />
Now Future<br />
17
RQ-4 (Blk10)<br />
- Collection – ISR<br />
- Basic SAR<br />
- BBasic i EO/IR<br />
RQ-4 (Blk 20/30/40)<br />
- Collection:<br />
- Block 20<br />
- EEnh h SAR<br />
- Enh EO/IR<br />
- Block 30<br />
- Adv SIGINT<br />
- Block 40<br />
- MP-RTIP Radar<br />
- GMTI and concurrent SAR<br />
- High Range Resolution<br />
- No EO/IR or SIGINT<br />
MQ-La<br />
Modular M Payloaads<br />
Large “<strong>System</strong>”<br />
MQ-Lc<br />
MQ-Lb<br />
EW<br />
ISR<br />
Command and Control<br />
<strong>Air</strong>borne Moving Target Indicator<br />
Ground Moving Target Indicator<br />
Information Integration<br />
AAR-R<br />
DRAFT I n t e – g AF r i Pre-decisional t y - S e r v i – c AF e -INTERNAL E x c e l lUse e n ONLY c e<br />
Modular Paylooads<br />
Modular<br />
Payloads<br />
EW<br />
ISR<br />
Command and Control<br />
<strong>Air</strong>borne Moving Target Indicator<br />
Ground Moving Target Indicator<br />
Information Integration<br />
AAR-R & T<br />
<strong>Air</strong>lift<br />
Humanitarian Assistance<br />
Strategic Attack<br />
Global Strike<br />
CAS<br />
<strong>Air</strong> Mobility<br />
<strong>Air</strong>lift<br />
EW<br />
ISR<br />
Command and Control<br />
<strong>Air</strong>borne Moving Target Indicator<br />
Ground Moving Target Indicator<br />
Information Integration<br />
AAR-R & T<br />
<strong>Air</strong>lift<br />
Humanitarian Assistance<br />
Now Future<br />
18
MQ-LE<br />
Collection/Info Ops<br />
Connectivity<br />
MQ-L – JSF/MQ-X<br />
<strong>Aerial</strong> Refueling/ g<br />
Connectivity<br />
NAT’L (JCS,<br />
NSA, NGA,<br />
DIA, etc.)<br />
Connectivity and Teaming<br />
Future<br />
MQ-Ls<br />
EW/Collection/Info Ops<br />
CAS/<strong>Air</strong> Interdiction/<strong>Air</strong>lift<br />
F-22/MQ-X Teaming<br />
Counterair/Missile Defense<br />
Kinetic & Non-kinetic Wpns<br />
JTF HQ, CAOC<br />
MCEs, DCGS<br />
MQ-L<br />
Collection/Info Ops<br />
(AWACS/JSTARS)<br />
JSF/Multi Msn MQ-X Teaming<br />
<strong>Air</strong> Interdiction, te d ct o , CAS C S --<br />
Kinetic & Non-kinetic Wpns<br />
Network<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
MQ-Hyper Sonic<br />
Strategic Attack/Prompt Global Strike<br />
B-2/MQ-L Teaming<br />
Strategic Attack/<br />
CAS/<strong>Air</strong> Interdiction<br />
Kinetic & Non-kinetic Wpns<br />
Multi Msn MQ-L/X, S<strong>UAS</strong> - FOS Teaming<br />
ISR/EW/SEAD – Kinetic & Non Non-kinetic kinetic Wpns<br />
SOF, ALO,<br />
TAC-P<br />
19
Doctrine<br />
Organization<br />
Training<br />
Materiel<br />
Personnell<br />
Near‐term<br />
FY09‐10<br />
CCDR allocation<br />
S<strong>UAS</strong><br />
Sqdn<br />
MAC Ops<br />
Sqdn<br />
<strong>UAS</strong><br />
Beta Test<br />
Action Synchronization<br />
Mid‐term<br />
FY10‐15<br />
Long‐term<br />
FY15‐25<br />
J2/J3 Auto Tgt Autonomous<br />
RSO<br />
Basing<br />
Engage Fight<br />
MAC Logistics<br />
Sqdn<br />
<strong>UAS</strong><br />
AFSC<br />
Auto Ops<br />
Sqdn<br />
Auto <strong>Flight</strong> g<br />
Long‐term<br />
FY25‐47<br />
100%<br />
Sim Training<br />
Common GCS<br />
Assured<br />
STD interface Comm<br />
Auto<br />
TPED<br />
Sense<br />
&<br />
Avoid<br />
Mech/Tech <strong>UAS</strong><br />
MX AAR<br />
Modular Loyal<br />
Payloads Wingman GPS IN<br />
Hyper<br />
Sonic<br />
Engine<br />
MAC Auto Hi‐Fi ECSS<br />
<strong>UAS</strong> CBM+ Autonomous Swarming Alt Energy Auto MX<br />
T/O<br />
Land<br />
Sim EA<br />
Fight<br />
Leadership CC’s SAF/PA PME Career<br />
Command of<br />
Outreach Pyramids<br />
Autonomy<br />
Facilities<br />
Policy<br />
Rated? S<strong>UAS</strong> <strong>UAS</strong> Recruiting Teaming<br />
<strong>Force</strong> Structure<br />
Operator LNOs Focus w/ Schools<br />
Reform<br />
C2 Facility<br />
CFACC Facility<br />
NAS ILAs Acq Excellence MAC‐in‐NAS Treaties Autonomy<br />
Auto Tgt Engage<br />
Bldg the “New”<br />
AF Leader<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
Auto MX Facilities<br />
Auto<br />
Tgt Engage<br />
20
AF <strong>UAS</strong> <strong>Flight</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> Vision<br />
� An <strong>Air</strong> <strong>Force</strong> where unmanned aircraft systems are considered as<br />
viable alternatives to traditionally manned platforms<br />
� An <strong>Air</strong> <strong>Force</strong> that harnesses increasingly automated, modular and<br />
sustainable systems resulting in a leaner, more adaptable,<br />
tailorable tailorable, and efficient force that maximizes combat capabilities to<br />
the Joint <strong>Force</strong><br />
�� An <strong>Air</strong> <strong>Force</strong> that teams with the other Services, our allies,<br />
academia and industry to capitalize on the unique unmanned<br />
aircraft attributes of persistence, connectivity, flexibility, autonomy,<br />
and efficiency<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
21
Headquarters U.S. <strong>Air</strong> <strong>Force</strong><br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
AF <strong>UAS</strong> <strong>Flight</strong> g <strong>Plan</strong><br />
2009-2047<br />
Colonel Eric Mathewson<br />
AF <strong>UAS</strong> Task <strong>Force</strong>
BACK UPS<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
23
Local Local-Effects Effects <strong>UAS</strong><br />
Theater Theater-Capable Capable <strong>UAS</strong><br />
USAF <strong>UAS</strong> Vision:<br />
Definitions<br />
Global Hawk<br />
BAMS<br />
• Can operate across theater<br />
• L Long range <strong>UAS</strong><br />
<strong>UAS</strong> Navy UCAS<br />
• Can operate beyond line of sight<br />
Reaper<br />
• Medium & High Altitude (MHA)<br />
• Delivers local effects<br />
• Short Short-range range <strong>UAS</strong><br />
• Operates within within line line-of of of-sight sight<br />
Low Low-Altitude Altitude <strong>UAS</strong><br />
• Operates in procedurally<br />
controlled airspace<br />
(below coordinating altitude)<br />
Fire Scout<br />
Scan Eagle Snow goose<br />
Silver<br />
Hunter<br />
Fox<br />
Shadow<br />
Mako<br />
Pioneer<br />
Tern<br />
Maverick<br />
Neptune<br />
FPASS, Buster, Batcam, Hornet, Desert<br />
Hawk, Wasp, Dragon eye, Raven, Pointer<br />
40K<br />
Warrior 30K<br />
Predator<br />
I-Gnat Gnat<br />
10nm 100nm 200nm BLOS<br />
Need Standardization & Unified Acquisition<br />
Need Standardization<br />
No Standardization or Acquisition Authority<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
20K<br />
10K
USAF <strong>UAS</strong> Vision:<br />
Optimizing <strong>UAS</strong> Employment<br />
� Theater-Capable <strong>UAS</strong> (low-density / high-demand resource)<br />
� Pi Prioritized itidb by Joint J i tF <strong>Force</strong> Commander C d (JFC)<br />
� Executed by JFC’s Joint <strong>Force</strong> <strong>Air</strong> Component Commander<br />
� Local-Capable <strong>UAS</strong> (unlimited resource)<br />
� Prioritized by assigned unit commanders<br />
� Controlled by assigned unit commanders<br />
� IF flown in controlled airspace must be integrated<br />
into theater airspace plan<br />
Treating theater theater-capable capable <strong>UAS</strong> as local local-effects effects assets<br />
sub sub-optimizes optimizes the resources and combat effects available<br />
to the Joint <strong>Force</strong> Commander<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Total <strong>Force</strong> Operations<br />
Active Duty, y, Reserve, , National Guard, ,<br />
Special Operations, United Kingdom<br />
6 - Stateside operations centers<br />
5 - Launch and recovery units in theater<br />
15 15, 17 RS, RS<br />
3rd SOS<br />
MQ-1<br />
Global Operations<br />
Center – Creech<br />
AFB<br />
42 ATKS<br />
39 Sq (UK)<br />
MQ-9<br />
CA ANG<br />
MQ-1<br />
AZ ANG<br />
MQ-1<br />
USAF <strong>UAS</strong> Vision:<br />
Remote Split Operations<br />
ND ANG<br />
MQ-1<br />
TX ANG<br />
MQ-1<br />
NY ANG<br />
MQ-9 (FY10)<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
Distributed Operations<br />
Centrally Coordinated<br />
Globally Applied<br />
Over 1,000 personnel flying Combat Operations not in harms way;<br />
Projecting Power without Projecting Vulnerability
DGS-3<br />
OOsan AB<br />
DGS-5<br />
Hickam AFB<br />
DGS-2<br />
Beale AFB<br />
RAU<br />
234 IS (ANG)<br />
USAF <strong>UAS</strong> Vision:<br />
Power of the Network<br />
Distributed Common Ground <strong>System</strong><br />
NV ANG<br />
Davis Monthan AFB<br />
Active Duty DCGS Sites<br />
Partner NAFs<br />
ARC Partners<br />
UT ANG<br />
KS ANG<br />
AR ANG<br />
HQ <strong>Air</strong> <strong>Force</strong><br />
ISR Agency<br />
Distributed Sites<br />
Active Duty DCGS: US – Combined Operations<br />
IN ANG<br />
AL ANG<br />
31 IS<br />
AFSOC<br />
Hurlburt Field<br />
94 IS<br />
DGS-4<br />
Ramstein AB<br />
Shaw AFB<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
MA ANG<br />
Combined <strong>Air</strong><br />
Ops Center<br />
DGS-1<br />
Langley AFB<br />
HQ 480 IW<br />
Det 2 192 FW<br />
DGS<br />
LNOs
The Importance of CONOPs:<br />
132 UAVs Supporting 4 Divisions<br />
Remote Split-Ops Split Ops Concept<br />
Organic Concept<br />
= 34 CAPs<br />
CAPs = 12 CAPs<br />
CAPs<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Shadow RSO Demonstration<br />
Organic Assignment Remote Split Ops (RSO)<br />
30-40% of available Shadows employed… p y<br />
Line of Sight<br />
Link<br />
Iraq - Afghanistan<br />
CONUS<br />
Up to 300% more capability by changing<br />
CONOPS<br />
Iraq - Afghanistan<br />
• <strong>Air</strong> <strong>Force</strong> funded joint Army/ AF demo for RSO Shadow ops conducted on 26 June 2008<br />
• Shadow launched from China Lake, CA….controlled from Ft. Belvoir, VA…2500NM away<br />
• Potential for RSO applied by Army to enable significant increase of FMV capability with<br />
fewer troops in the AOR<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
USAF <strong>UAS</strong> Vision:<br />
Joint <strong>Air</strong>space Control and Defense<br />
Inability to rapidly ID & provide airspace clearance will result in<br />
failure to engage enemy forces...or fratricide<br />
Good Guy?<br />
or<br />
Bad Guy?<br />
“So far we have been fortunate. What I worry about is the day I<br />
have h hhave a CC-130<br />
C 130 with ith a cargo l load d of f soldiers, ldi and d a UAV comes right i ht<br />
through the cockpit windshield.”<br />
USCENTCOM CFACC<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
30
USAF <strong>UAS</strong> Vision:<br />
Standardization & Single Acquisition Authority<br />
Standardization Delivers:<br />
� Integrated capability<br />
� Joint training & certification<br />
standards<br />
� Shared information<br />
� Common architectures<br />
� Elimination of equipment seams<br />
�� Uniform DoD requirement to industry, industry<br />
interagency, and allies<br />
<strong>Air</strong> <strong>Force</strong><br />
Predator<br />
Army<br />
Warrior<br />
Single Acquisition Authority:<br />
� Reduces duplication<br />
� Ensures commonality of investment<br />
� Agile response to urgent needs<br />
�� Improved logistics & life cycle<br />
� Fields systems faster<br />
<strong>Air</strong> <strong>Force</strong><br />
Global Hawk<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
Navy<br />
BAMS*<br />
We can’t afford multiple <strong>UAS</strong> program offices, independent<br />
training, logistics and maintenance operations, plus multiple<br />
support facilities and procurement contracts<br />
31
Perspectives on <strong>UAS</strong> Operators<br />
� Exploring alternatives to operate <strong>UAS</strong> to meet:<br />
increased <strong>UAS</strong> demand; rated management<br />
challenges; h ll and d appropriate i t levels l l of f responsibility ibilit<br />
� Current Beta Test for <strong>UAS</strong> Operators:<br />
-- <strong>Flight</strong> screening at Pueblo<br />
-- IInstrument t t training t i i at t Randolph R d l h<br />
-- <strong>UAS</strong> fundamentals at Randolph<br />
-- Joint firepower course at Nellis<br />
-- FTU at Creech<br />
� 100 SUPT grads / yr<br />
� FAA, ICAO, and DOD, regulatory and safety<br />
requirements q<br />
same for UAVs as manned aircraft<br />
� Level of responsibility should dictate level of<br />
qualification in combat<br />
USAF Med/Lg <strong>UAS</strong>: 158<br />
Army Med <strong>UAS</strong>: 42<br />
Small <strong>UAS</strong>: 3992<br />
Medium <strong>UAS</strong>: 42<br />
Increased Demand, Demand Limited Limited Rated Rated Inventory, Inventory Current<br />
Current<br />
FAA/ICAO Regulations, and Training Commensurate With<br />
Implications of Employment<br />
Employment—Require Require New Approach<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
Army
<strong>Air</strong> <strong>Force</strong> ISR Surge<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
120000<br />
110000<br />
100000<br />
90000<br />
80000<br />
70000<br />
60000<br />
50000<br />
40000<br />
30000<br />
20000<br />
10000<br />
0<br />
CENTCOM ISR Coverage<br />
Between 2001 and 2008<br />
ISR ISR Hours Hours up up 1,431% 1 431%<br />
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008<br />
Global Hawk U-2 Rivet Joint JSTARS Predator/Reaper<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
CAPS<br />
Sep Action<br />
Mar Action<br />
Continue assignment freeze<br />
179 day TDY to 365 days<br />
Jan Action<br />
Curtailed Cu ta ed Test est<br />
Mobilized ANG<br />
Crew Recall<br />
Jul Action<br />
Extended Tours<br />
Assignment Freeze<br />
Add'nl Mobilization<br />
Jun Action<br />
Delay <strong>UAS</strong> Weapons School<br />
Delay PDMII FTU Build<br />
Previously Qualified Ops Supervisors<br />
Ops Support Contractors<br />
ANG/AFRC Mobilized for 2d Year<br />
AF ISR “Surge”<br />
Predator Program of Record<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
POR Equipment Limit
CAPS<br />
Sep Action<br />
Mar Action<br />
Continue assignment freeze<br />
179 day TDY to 365 days<br />
Jan Action<br />
Assignment Freeze<br />
Add'nl Mobilization<br />
Curtailed Cu ta ed Test est<br />
Mobilized ANG<br />
Crew Recall<br />
Jul Action<br />
Extended Tours<br />
Jun Action<br />
Delay <strong>UAS</strong> Weapons School<br />
Delay PDMII FTU Build<br />
Previously Qualified Ops Supervisors<br />
Ops Support Contractors<br />
ANG/AFRC Mobilized for 2d Year<br />
AF ISR “Surge”<br />
Predator Program of Record<br />
POR Equipment Limit<br />
35 MQ MQ-1/9 1/9 CAPs in in-place place 6 Months before<br />
planned 21 MQ MQ-1 1 CAPs of DoD program of<br />
record…Over 280% growth in 18 months…<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Way Ahead to Meet Increasing Demand<br />
� AF Shifting to all MQ-9 procurement:<br />
� 600% more payload capability<br />
� 250 knots vice 120 knots<br />
� Adjusted j FY 08 and FY 09 Supplementals pp from MQ-1 Q to MQ-9 Q<br />
� Will complete MQ-1 FY 08 and 09 procurement/shift to MQ-9 only in FY 10<br />
� Developing/fielding a new Wide Area <strong>Air</strong>borne Surveillance (WAAS) sensor<br />
�� MQ-9 MQ 9 capable of carrying WAAS pod—MQ-1 pod MQ 1 not capable<br />
� Increases the effectiveness of individual CAPs by over 1,200% initially<br />
� Eventually increasing the effectiveness to over 6,000% from where we<br />
are today with the Predator MQ-1 MQ 1<br />
MQ MQ-9, 9, with nearly twice the performance of the MQ-1 MQ 1 and nearly 10 times the<br />
external payload payload—matched payload matched up with Wide Area <strong>Air</strong>borne Surveillance Surveillance system, system<br />
will deliver 13 to eventually 60 times more capability than MQ-1 MQ 1 series <strong>UAS</strong><br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
MQ-9 advantages over MQ-1<br />
2 x faster – more responsive<br />
2 x higher – broader coverage<br />
6 x payload (versatile: sensor, weapons)<br />
FMV<br />
MQ-1<br />
Observe single target;<br />
single Rover / OSRVT<br />
Today<br />
Increasing Capabilities<br />
Wide Area <strong>Air</strong>borne Surveillance (WAAS) ( )<br />
1st 1 four<br />
wide area<br />
sensors<br />
4x4 km coverage area<br />
12 independent<br />
ROVER/OSRVT<br />
Next six wide area<br />
sensors<br />
Potentially 65 clips to the<br />
Tactical Operations Center<br />
8x8 km coverage area<br />
As many as 30 ROVER queries<br />
and potentially 65 clips to the<br />
Tactical Operations Center<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
IOC 2 2nd nd Qtr FY10<br />
4 th Qtr FY11<br />
*Autonomous Real-time Ground Ubiquitous Surveillance - Imaging <strong>System</strong> (ARGUS-IS)<br />
38
Motion Immagery<br />
Spots S<br />
Potential Growth of Video Effect<br />
(Result of MQ MQ-1 1toMQ9 to MQ-9 Shift w/WAAS)<br />
WAAS Increment One<br />
13 spots per MQ-9<br />
WAAS Increment Two<br />
65 spots per MQ-9 MQ 9<br />
34 CAPs 39 CAPs 49 CAPs 50 CAPs<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
39
USAF <strong>UAS</strong> Vision:<br />
Joint Employment<br />
� Organizing air ops by individual service components creates seams<br />
� SSo JJoint i DDoctrine i established bli h d a joint j i functional f i l component for f air i operations: i<br />
to integrate airspace, air defense, and effects from the air<br />
in accordance with the Joint <strong>Force</strong> Commander’s priorities<br />
� TODAY:<br />
“We are confusing the joint battlespace doctrine. <strong>Air</strong> Component<br />
Commanders should coordinate all UAVs based on Combatant<br />
Commander sit situational ational war-fighting ar fighting directives.”<br />
directi es ”<br />
“Primary control of these assets should be exercised by centralized Joint <strong>Air</strong><br />
Component command and control.” General Barry R. McCaffrey, USA (Ret)<br />
JFMCC <strong>Air</strong>space<br />
(MOC)<br />
JSTARS<br />
Rivet Joint UAV<br />
11, 500’ AGL<br />
TUAV<br />
TUAV<br />
Bombers<br />
JFACC JFACC-<br />
Controlled<br />
SOF<br />
TUAV Ai <strong>Air</strong>space<br />
SUAV<br />
MEF airspace (DASC<br />
controlled)<br />
3000’<br />
AGL<br />
SUAV SUAV<br />
Corps <strong>Air</strong>space<br />
SUAV<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r (G-3 v i <strong>Air</strong>) c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Service Distinctions<br />
<strong>Air</strong> <strong>Force</strong>: blue/left Army: green/right<br />
C2 / Employment Weapons Used in Combat to Date<br />
Joint Organic<br />
Predator: 118<br />
Reaper: 27<br />
Global Hawk: 13<br />
703 Hellfire, 132 GBU-12<br />
(105 lb) (500 lb)<br />
Composition of Inventory<br />
USAF Med/Lg <strong>UAS</strong>: 158<br />
Army Med <strong>UAS</strong>: 42<br />
Small <strong>UAS</strong>: 3992<br />
Medium <strong>UAS</strong>: 42<br />
*20 Hellfire shot in test<br />
2 Viper Strike, 2 Hellfire<br />
(55 lb) (105 lb)<br />
* <strong>UAS</strong> strike is last resort for Army<br />
Army Med <strong>UAS</strong>: 42 Medium <strong>UAS</strong>: 42 Hunter: 20<br />
I-GNAT: 3<br />
Warrior A: 15<br />
Sky Warrior: 4<br />
Wasp/BATMAV: 216<br />
Raven: 3756<br />
Shadow: 236
Wide Area vs. Standard Coverage<br />
Predator “Soda straw”<br />
coverage area<br />
WAAS<br />
Coverage Area<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Sep 11 – 53 CAPs<br />
(31 MQ-1, 19 MQ-9, 3 RQ-4)<br />
Sep 10 – 44 CAPs<br />
(31 MQ-1, 12 MQ-9, 1 RQ-4)<br />
Nov 09 - 39 CCAPs<br />
(31 MQ-1, 7 MQ-9, 1 RQ-4)<br />
Today – 35 CAPs<br />
(31 MQ-1, 3 MQ-9, 1 RQ-4<br />
DDec 08 – 34 CAP CAPs<br />
(31 MQ-1, 2 MQ-9, 1 RQ-4)<br />
1st 1 250k hours<br />
st 250k hours<br />
(1995 – May 07)<br />
USAF <strong>UAS</strong> Vision:<br />
Continued <strong>UAS</strong> CAP Growth<br />
(MQ-1, MQ-9, RQ-4)<br />
2 nd 250k hours<br />
(May 07 – Nov 08)<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
3 rd 250k hours<br />
(Projected: Dec 08 – Dec 09)<br />
43
<strong>Air</strong>, Space & Cyber Power are<br />
American Asymmetric Advantages<br />
“Tanks And Armor Are Not a Big g Deal...The <strong>Plan</strong>es Are The<br />
Killers, I Can Handle Everything But The Jet Fighters”<br />
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e<br />
44
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