State government can explore possibilities of opening fish retail outlets in andaround Delhi with NFDB support for sale of fresh and live fish as that wouldhelp offer higher profits for farmers.• Calamity relief measures need to be provided against floods, cycl<strong>on</strong>es,diseases, etc. for fisheries and aquaculture to reduce the risk and ec<strong>on</strong>omiclosses. Government of <strong>Haryana</strong> should have its own comprehensiveagricultural insurance scheme to cover major crops, all milching animals andfarmed fish produce. DoF should work out the modalities with NFDB’sassistance.• Developing a comprehensive and enabling Fisheries andAquaculture Development Policy for <strong>Haryana</strong>, addressing all issues,through a c<strong>on</strong>sultative process followed by appropriate legislative reforms andbudgetary provisi<strong>on</strong>s for all the programs is suggested. Aquaculture should betreated <strong>on</strong> par with agriculture in respect to water charges, electricity tariff,farm loan interest, income tax exempti<strong>on</strong>s, export promoti<strong>on</strong> and cargocharges.( xviii )
1.0 INTRODUCTIONFisheries and aquaculture, directly and indirectly, play an essential role in earningthe livelihoods for milli<strong>on</strong>s of people-almost 540 milli<strong>on</strong> people, or nearly 8 percentof the world populati<strong>on</strong>. Indian fisheries with producti<strong>on</strong> of 8 milli<strong>on</strong> t<strong>on</strong>nes (2009-10) occupies sec<strong>on</strong>d positi<strong>on</strong> globally with overall annual growth rate of 4.7% and6.2% growth in inland sector, thereby c<strong>on</strong>tributing 1.1% to total GDP and 5.3% toagricultural GDP. The sector engages 14 milli<strong>on</strong> people across the country and earnsmore than Rs.10,000 crores annually through exports.<strong>Haryana</strong> is primarily an agrarian land locked State with 75% of its populati<strong>on</strong>engaged in agriculture and allied activities. Its land resources, which <strong>on</strong>e graduallydeclining, are the most important and scarce resource. It is characterized by arid andsemi-arid climatic c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong> with scanty average rain fall (455 mm/year), highseepage and evaporati<strong>on</strong> rate. With the total seas<strong>on</strong>al/l<strong>on</strong>g seas<strong>on</strong>al water area ofmere 85,900 ha c<strong>on</strong>stituting <strong>on</strong>ly 2% of the total geographical area of the State, fishculture would <strong>on</strong>ly seem rather a difficult propositi<strong>on</strong> at first. Besides, the fact that<strong>Haryana</strong> has a culturally predominant vegetarian populati<strong>on</strong> further has made fishfarming <strong>on</strong>e of the least preferred occupati<strong>on</strong>al choice. This is attested by the factthat, unlike other States, <strong>Haryana</strong> has no traditi<strong>on</strong>al fishing communities whoderive their livelihood primarily from fishing.However, as the saying goes, m<strong>on</strong>ey has neither colour nor creed. The ec<strong>on</strong>omicviability and profitability were the prime factors that motivated a few enterprisingfarmers to adopt fish culture in early 1980s, though it was a struggle c<strong>on</strong>vincingthem during initial years. C<strong>on</strong>sidering this, fisheries development has madesignificant progress in the last three decades, feeding mainly the Delhi market. At thetime of creati<strong>on</strong> of <strong>Haryana</strong> in 1966, <strong>on</strong>ly 58 hectare of village p<strong>on</strong>ds were underfish culture while total fish producti<strong>on</strong> was 600 t<strong>on</strong>nes, while India’s inlandproducti<strong>on</strong> was 5 lakh t<strong>on</strong>nes. Fish producti<strong>on</strong> shot up to 23,200 t<strong>on</strong>nes by 1990,33,040 t<strong>on</strong>nes by 2000 and nearly 1 lakh t<strong>on</strong>nes by 2010, more than 4 times duringthe last two decades c<strong>on</strong>stituting 2.1% of India’s inland fish producti<strong>on</strong>, which is nomean achievement c<strong>on</strong>sidering that the overall Indian inland producti<strong>on</strong> grew <strong>on</strong>ly( 1 )