Sarah Larney, Bradley Mathers and Kate Dolan Illicit drug treatment ...

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treatment had been re-arrested, compared to 42% of a matched, non-treated group.However, of inmates who attended both in-prison treatment and a post-release,community-based TC, only 30% were re-arrested. Compared to the non-treated group,the risk of re-arrest was halved for those who completed both treatment programs(Hiller, Knight, & Simpson, 1999).Similarly, the greatest number of days to re-incarceration in a study of TC participants inCalifornia was seen among those who completed both the prison TC program and anaftercare program (Wexler, De, Thomas, Kressel, & Peters, 1999). A clear relationshipexisted between treatment exposure and length of time to re-incarceration, as seen belowin figure 4.1.Figure 4.1: Days to re-incarceration by treatment exposure300Days to re-incarceration250200150100500No treatment Prison TCdropoutsPrison TCcom pletersAftercaredropoutsAftercarecom pletersSource: Wexler, H. K., et al. (1999). The Amity prison TC evaluation: Reincarcerationoutcomes. Criminal Justice and Behaviour, 26(2), 147-167.4.3 Identifying factors associated with treatment completionFrom the limited research, it appears that post-prison aftercare programs and treatmentcompletion are important for achieving positive outcomes. Identifying factors thatinfluence treatment completion should be a priority for researchers in this area. As astarting point, studies in the United States have found that participant motivation, raceand age may be implicated. Melnick et al. (2001) found that greater motivation fortreatment and greater participation in treatment was associated with increased treatment17
completion, which in turn was associated with lowered criminal recidivism. They suggestthat programs to enhance inmate motivation for treatment, conducted in the early stagesof TC treatment, may improve treatment completion rates (Melnick, De Leon, Thomas,Kressel, & Wexler, 2001). In their study of factors influencing program completion in aTC in a women’s prison, older women were more likely to complete the program thanyounger women, and “white” women were more likely to complete treatment than “nonwhite”(incorporating African-American, Native American, Hispanic and Asian) women(Mosher & Phillips, 2006). This suggests the need to explore the applicability of programcontent to populations from diverse cultural backgrounds.18
Page 1: Sarah Larney, Bradley Mathers and K
Page 5: AcknowledgementsAn earlier draft of
Page 9 and 10: 1. INTRODUCTIONThe relationship bet
Page 11 and 12: 2. DETOXIFICATIONDetoxification is
Page 13 and 14: To date, there have been no publish
Page 15 and 16: 3. DRUG-FREE WINGSVoluntary drug-fr
Page 17: 4. THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITIESThe thera
Page 21 and 22: of similar cost-effectiveness to MM
Page 23 and 24: prison in New York revealed that th
Page 25 and 26: 5.2.4 Levo-alpha-acetylmethadol mai
Page 27 and 28: outcomes should be conducted. Other
Page 29 and 30: Dolan, K., Wodak, A., Hall, W., Gau
Page 31: Ward, J., Mattick, R., & Hall, W. (

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