Statistical Vertical Turbulence Profiles at the Canary Islands ...
Statistical Vertical Turbulence Profiles at the Canary Islands ...
Statistical Vertical Turbulence Profiles at the Canary Islands ...
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<strong>St<strong>at</strong>istical</strong> <strong>Vertical</strong> <strong>Turbulence</strong> <strong>Profiles</strong> <strong>at</strong><strong>the</strong> <strong>Canary</strong> <strong>Islands</strong> Astronomical SitesB. García-Lorenzo 1 ,J.J. Fuensalida 1 , J. Castro-Almazán 1 , & M.A.C. Rodríguez-Hernández 1(1) Instituto de Astrofísica de Canariaswww.otri.iac.es/sitesting/principalwww.iac.es/project/gareCute-SCIDAR Instrument<strong>at</strong> Jacobus KapteynTelescope (ORM)SH-SCIDAR Instrument<strong>at</strong> Carlos SánchezTelescope (OT)Optical <strong>Turbulence</strong>: Astronomy meets MeteorologyAlghero, Sardegna ___ September 2008
Roque de los MuchachosObserv<strong>at</strong>ory~160 kmTeide Observ<strong>at</strong>oryOptical <strong>Turbulence</strong>: Astronomy meets MeteorologyAlghero, Sardegna ___ September 2008
Characteriz<strong>at</strong>ion of <strong>the</strong> vertical <strong>at</strong>mospheric structurewith st<strong>at</strong>istical significance for MCAO in ELT:⇒ To develop instruments with common user facilities, e.g.:•Cute-SCIDAR for Paranal (Vázquez-Ramió et al. 2008, SPIE, 7012, 161)•Hybrid Shack-Hartmann/G-SCIDAR for Teide observ<strong>at</strong>ory (Rodríguez-Hernández et al. 2007, SPIE, 6747, 28)•Cute-SCIDAR- for La Palma (Fuensalida et al. 2004, INGN, 8, 1)⇒ To develop new software in order to simplify and to speed up <strong>the</strong> d<strong>at</strong>areduction in real time• Dome seeing correction (Fuensalida, García-Lorenzo & Hoegemann 2008, MNRAS, tmp897)• Wind profiling with wavelet analysis (García-Lorenzo & Fuensalida 2006, MNRAS, 372, 1483)⇒ Wind st<strong>at</strong>istical results with meteorological archives•V 0versus V 200(García-Lorenzo et al. 2008, this conference)•Site ranking based on tropospheric wind st<strong>at</strong>istics (García-Lorenzo et al. 2005, MNRAS, 356, 849)•St<strong>at</strong>istics of V 200<strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Canary</strong> <strong>Islands</strong> (Chueca et al. 2004, MNRAS, 349, 627)⇒ St<strong>at</strong>istics of C N2profiles•OT since 2002 (e.g. García-Lorenzo, Fuensalida & Rodríguez-Hernández 2007, SPIE, 6747, 11)•ORM since 2004 (e.g. Fuensalida et al. 2007, RMxAC, 31, 86)Optical <strong>Turbulence</strong>: Astronomy meets MeteorologyAlghero, Sardegna ___ September 2008
Cute-SCIDAR instrumentIt is installed <strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong> 1mJKT (ORM)Oper<strong>at</strong>ed from <strong>the</strong> 1mJKT control room.Rot<strong>at</strong>ion.Transl<strong>at</strong>ion stage in <strong>the</strong>optical axis for changing <strong>the</strong>conjug<strong>at</strong>ed plane and forsetting purposes.Transl<strong>at</strong>ion stages XY axisfor adjusting <strong>the</strong> CCD tooptical axis.Electronic diaphragm foralignment purposes.Graphical interface th<strong>at</strong>shows a partialautocorrel<strong>at</strong>ion in Real Time.All images are saved.It is based on <strong>the</strong> originalGeneralized-SCIDAR to be usedsystem<strong>at</strong>ically*Sampling r<strong>at</strong>e= 1-3 ms*Integr<strong>at</strong>ion time= 2 s*Frame size=256x256 pixwith several binningOptical <strong>Turbulence</strong>: Astronomy meets MeteorologyAlghero, Sardegna ___ September 2008
G-SCIDAR+Shack-Hartmann instrumentIt is installed <strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong> 1.5mTCS (OT)Oper<strong>at</strong>ed from <strong>the</strong> 1.5mTCS control room.Rot<strong>at</strong>ion and Transl<strong>at</strong>ionG-SCIDAR + Shack-Hartmanncapable of running simultaneouslyContron in <strong>the</strong> two branchesAll images are saved.Shack-Hartmann Shack-Hartmann sensor: sensor:**AndorAndorCamera:Camera:ElectronElectronMultiplyingMultiplying**CCDCCDdetectordetectorbasedbasedononE2VE2VCCDCCD60.60.**128128xx128128pixels,pixels,24x2424x24µmµmpixelspixelssizsiz**ThreeThreeaxisaxistransl<strong>at</strong>ionstransl<strong>at</strong>ionsstages.stages.**LensletLensletarray:array:3434mmmmfocalfocallengthlengthandand312.5312.5μmμmpitch.pitch.**5050mmmmcollim<strong>at</strong>orcollim<strong>at</strong>orlens.lens.**ElectronicElectronicdiaphragmdiaphragmforforalignmentalignmentpurposes.purposes.Optical <strong>Turbulence</strong>: Astronomy meets MeteorologyAlghero, Sardegna ___ September 2008
Monitoring of <strong>the</strong> turbulence structure <strong>at</strong> ORM and OTORM (La Palma)⇒ The system<strong>at</strong>ic monitoringbegan in February 2004⇒ Frequency: 7-4-8 nights everymonth⇒ D<strong>at</strong>a for >165 nightsOT (Tenerife)⇒ The system<strong>at</strong>ic monitoringbegan in Nov 2002 / July 2005⇒ Frequency: ~4-6 nights everymonth⇒ D<strong>at</strong>a for >140 nightsOptical <strong>Turbulence</strong>: Astronomy meets MeteorologyAlghero, Sardegna ___ September 2008
Evolution of C 2 N(h) along a night252006/05/26 OT-15.0252006/05/26 ORM-14.5-15.3-14.920-15.620-15.3Altitude above sea level (km)1510-15.9-16.2-16.5-16.8-17.1Log (C N2 (m-2/3 ))Altitude above sea level (km)1510-15.7-16.1-16.5-16.9-17.3Log (C N2 (m-2/3 ))5-17.45-17.7-17.7-18.101 2 3 4Universal Time-18.001 2 3 4Universal Time-18.5Optical <strong>Turbulence</strong>: Astronomy meets MeteorologyAlghero, Sardegna ___ September 2008
<strong>St<strong>at</strong>istical</strong> coverage of profiles <strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong> ORMJan04 Feb04 Mar04 Apr04 May04 Jun04 Jul04 Aug04 Sep04 Oct04 Nov04 Dec04--- 3 6 8 6 5 7 7 9 2 4 4--- 2323 5942 9586 5953 5702 7530 8186 8867 1260 3847 3191Jan05 Feb05 Mar05 Apr05 May05 Jun05 Jul05 Aug05 Sep05 Oct05 Nov05 Dec057 1 3 4 4 7 4 3 3 3 2 210451 381 1218 4692 4061 5392 4372 1357 1791 3292 1084 2170Jan06 Feb06 Mar06 Apr06 May06 Jun06 Jul06 Aug06 Sep06 Oct06 Nov06 Dec062 2 2 3 4 --- 3 2 1 1 --- ---2459 2912 1640 2710 4363 --- 3203 1933 1329 275 --- ---Jan07 Feb07 Mar07 Apr07 May07 Jun07 Jul07 Aug07 Sep07 Oct07 Nov07 Dec07--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ------ --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---Jan08 Feb08 Mar08 Apr08 May08 Jun08 Jul08 Aug08 Sep08 Oct08 Nov08 Dec084 1 5 2 3 6 5 72860 961 4426 671 3200 6433 3208Optical <strong>Turbulence</strong>: Astronomy meets MeteorologyAlghero, Sardegna ___ September 2008
Monthly st<strong>at</strong>istical behaviour of C 2 N(h) <strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong> ORMOptical <strong>Turbulence</strong>: Astronomy meets MeteorologyAlghero, Sardegna ___ September 2008
<strong>St<strong>at</strong>istical</strong> coverage of profiles <strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong> OTJan04 Feb04 Mar04 Apr04 May04 Jun04 Jul04 Aug04 Sep04 Oct04 Nov04 Dec04--- 1 2 3 4 --- 2 3 5 3 --- ------ 1142 1281 2451 2507 --- 1493 876 3064 1454 --- ---Jan05 Feb05 Mar05 Apr05 May05 Jun05 Jul05 Aug05 Sep05 Oct05 Nov05 Dec051 --- 3 3 5 4 4 7 7 2 --- ---467 --- 680 1865 4389 2496 1622 4785 4793 1203 --- ---Jan06 Feb06 Mar06 Apr06 May06 Jun06 Jul06 Aug06 Sep06 Oct06 Nov06 Dec061 2 3 4 3 4 3 5 2 --- --- 1103 1113 2151 2703 1669 2945 1379 3339 1765 --- --- 766Jan07 Feb07 Mar07 Apr07 May07 Jun07 Jul07 Aug07 Sep07 Oct07 Nov07 Dec07--- --- 6 6 --- --- --- 3 3 --- --- ------ --- 3483 3259 --- --- --- 2014 2186 --- --- ---Jan08 Feb08 Mar08 Apr08 May08 Jun08 Jul08 Aug08 Sep08 Oct08 Nov08 Dec08--- 1 --- 4 --- 4 --- 4--- 381 --- 3160 --- 2341 ---Nov02Jan03 Feb03 Mar03 Apr03 May03 Jun03 Jul03 Aug03 Sep03 Oct03 Nov03 Dec03--- 2 --- 1 3 2 2 8 2 --- --- ------ 635 --- 308 1507 797 1342 5254 1448 --- --- ---Dec021 4593 4201Optical <strong>Turbulence</strong>: Astronomy meets MeteorologyAlghero, Sardegna ___ September 2008
Monthly st<strong>at</strong>istical behaviour of C 2 N(h) <strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong> OTOptical <strong>Turbulence</strong>: Astronomy meets MeteorologyAlghero, Sardegna ___ September 2008
Comparison of <strong>the</strong> st<strong>at</strong>istical C 2 N(h) <strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong> OT and ORMRoque de los MuchachosObserv<strong>at</strong>ory~160 kmTeide Observ<strong>at</strong>oryOptical <strong>Turbulence</strong>: Astronomy meets MeteorologyAlghero, Sardegna ___ September 2008
Comparison of <strong>the</strong> st<strong>at</strong>istical C 2 N(h) <strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong> OT and ORMOptical <strong>Turbulence</strong>: Astronomy meets MeteorologyAlghero, Sardegna ___ September 2008
Definition of parameters for adaptive opticsr o=⎛⎜⎝16 .7 (cosλ2γ )−1∞2∫ CN0( h) dh⎞⎟⎠− 3 / 5Fried’s parameterOptimal number of sub-aperturesto evalu<strong>at</strong>e <strong>the</strong> wave-frontCoherence timeFrequency of evalu<strong>at</strong>ionΓo=0 .31⎡⎢⎢⎢⎢⎣∞∫0C2N∞( h∫oC) V2N(ro( hh ))5 /dh3dh⎤⎥⎥⎥⎥⎦3/5Isoplan<strong>at</strong>ic angleFoV correctedθo⎡−1114 .9 (cos γ )∞2 5 / 3= ⎢∫ C N ( h ) h dh⎢⎣λ0⎤⎥⎥⎦−3/ 5Optical <strong>Turbulence</strong>: Astronomy meets MeteorologyAlghero, Sardegna ___ September 2008
<strong>St<strong>at</strong>istical</strong> behaviour of isoplan<strong>at</strong>ic angle OT = 2.68 +/- 1.34 ORM = 2.01 +/- 0.97Optical <strong>Turbulence</strong>: Astronomy meets MeteorologyAlghero, Sardegna ___ September 2008
Applic<strong>at</strong>ion to an astronomical instrument: EDiFiSEEDiFiSE: Equalized and Diffraction-limited Field Spectrograph ExperimentPrototype instrument for <strong>the</strong> observ<strong>at</strong>ion of high-contrasted objectsAO+fiber-coupled lens array+EIFSGarcía-Lorenzo et al. 2008, SPIE, 7014, in pressOptical <strong>Turbulence</strong>: Astronomy meets MeteorologyAlghero, Sardegna ___ September 2008
<strong>St<strong>at</strong>istical</strong> <strong>Vertical</strong> <strong>Turbulence</strong> <strong>Profiles</strong> <strong>at</strong><strong>the</strong> <strong>Canary</strong> <strong>Islands</strong> Astronomical SitesB. García-Lorenzo 1 ,J.J. Fuensalida 1 , J. Castro-Almazán 1 , & M.A.C. Rodríguez-Hernández 1(1) Instituto de Astrofísica de CanariasCute-SCIDAR Instrument<strong>at</strong> Jacobus KapteynTelescope (ORM)www.otri.iac.es/sitesting/principalwww.iac.es/project/gareSH-SCIDAR Instrument<strong>at</strong> Carlos SánchezTelescope (OT)Optical <strong>Turbulence</strong>: Astronomy meets MeteorologyAlghero, Sardegna ___ September 2008
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