12 The History of Life

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For more test practice,go to ClassZone.com.1. Scientists hypothesize that complex organicmolecules could have assembled in theenvironment of early Earth becauseA these molecules are found assembling underthe conditions present today.B there are no other alternative hypotheses.C this process has been successfully modeled inthe laboratory.D these molecules were present at extremelyhigh concentrations.2.Percent of Native Bird Fossils in HawaiiExcavatedSection14C Dating(yearsbeforepresent)% Bonesfrom NonnativeSpeciesI 390 100.0 0.0II 770 98.8 1.2III 4340 9.2 90.8IV 7750 0.0 100.0% Bonesfrom NativeSpeciesThe table above shows the fossil evidenceof birds in a section of cave wall in Hawaii.What can be determined from the datapresented?A A catastrophic event occurred between 770and 4340 years ago.B Native species out-competed non-nativespecies.C Most native species died out over 800years ago.D The disappearance of non-native species is afunction of time.3. Like modern plants, early photosyntheticorganisms used light as the energy source forsynthesizing sugar. Based on this fact, whatsubstance had to be available to these organismsin the environment of early Earth?A nitrogenB ATPC oxygenD carbon dioxide4.Thousands of generaNumber of Genera over Time4321Long term trendMass extinction00 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500Millions of years agoThe graph above shows the estimated numberof genera over time, with major extinctionevents indicated by arrows. Given that generaare made up of closely related species, what canbe understood from these data?A The number of species always increases.B Mass extinctions wipe out all species.C Some species survive during mass extinctions.D A mass extinction is not likely to happen again.5. As the oxygen content of Earth’s atmosphereincreased, what would have best allowedpopulations of anaerobic prokaryotes toadapt?A genetic mutationB sexual selectionC competitionD sexual reproduction6. In the evolution of eukaryotes, cells thatcontained mitochondria-like organelles hadan advantage because theyA could make use of photosynthesis.B could make use of more available energy.C had more DNA.D were protected from bacterial invasion.THINK THROUGH THE QUESTIONThis question is really just asking howmitochondria help a cell.Chapter 12: The History of Life 389
UNIT 4: EVOLUTIONBIOZINEatINTERNET MAGAZINECLASSZONE.COMGo online for thelatest biology newsand updates on allBioZine articles.Could a scraped knee landyou in the hospital?Expanding the TextbookNews FeedsScience DailyCNNBBCCareersBio BytesOpinion PollStrange BiologyDrug-Resistant Bacteria—A GlobalHealth IssueA bicyclist falls,scrapes his knees, andwithin a few days isunable to walk. Soccerplayers with turf burns suddenlyfind themselves in the hospitalwith skin infections that requireintravenous antibiotics.Why are these young, healthyathletes developing such serious infections?390 Unit 4: Evolution
Page 1 and 2: CHAPTER12The Historyof LifeKEY CONC
Page 3 and 4: 12.1 The Fossil RecordKEY CONCEPT F
Page 5 and 6: Connecting CONCEPTSChemistry of Lif
Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER 12MATERIALS• 10 pennies
Page 11: 12.3Origin of LifeKEY CONCEPT The o
Page 14 and 15: FIGURE 12.11 RNA AND DNARNA, in the
Page 16 and 17: MAIN IDEAEukaryotic cells may have
Page 18 and 19: DATA ANALYSISGeneration Times of Ba
Page 20 and 21: The middle of the Paleozoic era was
Page 22 and 23: 12.6Primate EvolutionKEY CONCEPT Hu
Page 24 and 25: Walking UprightMany hypotheses have
Page 26 and 27: FIGURE 12.20 Examples of Hominid Sk
Page 28 and 29: INVESTIGATIONUnderstanding Geologic
Page 30 and 31: Chapter AssessmentChapter Vocabular
Page 34 and 35: Staph InfectionsThese athletes were

12 The History of Life

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