Perceptions of the Population of the Republic of Moldova - Soros ...

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Perceptions of the Population of the Republic of Moldova on Discrimination: Sociological Study 18One in three respondents considers that the level of discrimination increased during the past five years,while half of them think it remained the same, and 13% believe that it reduced. The share of respondentswho think the level of discrimination increased is higher among women, people of Russian ethnicity, andpersons with a high level of well-being. Most respondents believe that the level of discrimination hasincreased because of the greater gap between the rich and the poor, the fact that the Government has noclear position on this issue, and due to the loss of certain moral values.Despite the fact that 89% of the respondents consider tolerance as being a very important moral value,this was placed as far as the sixth place in the list of values. The percentage of respondents who considertolerance as an important value is higher among persons with higher education (92%) and in the age group18-34 (92%).The study has revealed a quite significant gap between the importance assigned by respondents tovalues such as the freedom, equality, tolerance and respect for other peoples’ culture, as well as the level ofobservance of such values in Moldova. Thus, although more than 90% deem equality and freedom asimportant values, only one in three respondents have stated that these values are respected to a largeextent in Moldova. The tolerance and the respect for other peoples’ culture have been reported asimportant values by over 80% of the surveyed persons, while only slightly over 20% consider that thesevalues are respected in Moldova to a large and very large extent.At the same time, the Study has established that there is no gap between the importance and therespect of the faith in God (94% of the surveyed persons have mentioned that this is a very important valueand the same number said that it is respected in our country to a large and very large extent).Although over 80% of the respondents reported trust in people as an important and very importantvalue and more than 50% have mentioned that it is respected in our country, only one in three respondentsstated that they trust people much and very much. Most of the surveyed persons show the highest level ofconfidence only to their family members, followed far down in the top by the priest, the neighbors, thehead of the family doctors unit and the school principal. Over 2/3 of the surveyed persons have mentionedthat they do not trust the mayor and the police at all.At perception level, the respondents consider that the groups most frequently discriminated inMoldova are the persons with mental and physical disabilities (68% and 66% respectively), followed by thepoor (59%), the HIV-positive persons (56%), the elderly ( 50%), the representatives of the gay and lesbiancommunity (49%), the Roma (48%) and the women (32%).
Perceptions of the Population of the Republic of Moldova on Discrimination: Sociological Study 192. Social contexts in which various groupsof people are discriminatedDuring the research, the perceptions of the general public as well as experts have been identified onthe social contexts in which different groups are most frequently exposed to discrimination. As regards thegeneral public, the respondents have been asked how frequently in their opinion the following groups arebeing discriminated – disabled people, the poor, HIV-positive persons, the elderly, representatives of gayand lesbian community, Roma people and women – in the following contexts: employment, workplace,relations with public authorities, education institutions, hospital/clinic, political life, socialassistance/protection and family. For each social group the Dominant Personal Opinion Index (DPOI) 5 hasbeen computed in different contexts, which can vary between -100 and +100. The more DPOI is closer to -100, the higher the level of discrimination is and vice-versa.The experts’ opinions on the disadvantaged social groups and the contexts in which these are exposedto discrimination have been identified in the framework of the Delphi study and focus groups carried out.Persons with disabilitiesAccording to the DPOI of the general public, the persons with disabilities are exposed to discriminationmost often upon employment (-63), at workplace (-51), in education institutions (-31), in relations withpublic authorities (-30) and in political life (-22) and least often in family (+19) (see Table 2).Table 2. Respondents’ perceptions on the frequency of discrimination of various groups of people in variouscontexts (DPOI)employmentworkplacerelationswithauthoritieseducationinstitutiohospital/clinicpoliticallifesocialassistance/protectionfamilyaverageDPOIpersons -63 -51 -30 -31 -13 -22 -7 19 -25withdisabilitiesthe poor -32 -29 -28 -36 -40 -21 -8 18 -22HIV+ -42 -38 -25 -30 -19 -15 -8 4 -22personsthe elderly -51 -37 -22 -7 -16 -3 4 23 -13gays and -17 -18 -10 -15 -5 -8 -2 3 -9lesbiansthe Roma -6 -1 6 9 15 9 16 35 10women 24 29 30 43 43 19 40 40 34The high level of discrimination of the persons with disabilities was confirmed by the results of theexpert research. Thus, in the experts’ opinion, the discrimination of the disabled people upon employmentis due to the lack of effective policies in the field which would encourage companies to hire disabledpeople, the fact that workplaces are not adjusted to the needs of the disabled people, the limited access ofthe disabled people to professional training courses offered by the employment agencies, and sometimesthe fear of employers that the disabled people will not meet the requirements.5The Dominant Personal Opinion Index (DPOI) was calculated using the formula (p-n)x(100-ne):100, where p is thefrequency of positive opinions, n – frequency of negative opinions, ne – frequency of neutral opinions. The indexranges on a scale from -100 to 100. The closer to 100 the index is, the lower the level of discrimination is.
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