Development of Sustainable Forest Use Strategies - Eastern Arc ...

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2.2 Conceptual Framework This work was guided by a conceptual framework (Figure 2) which related the natural resource base (forests and wildlife) which provides the used resources and the community with people who are pursuing different livelihood activities. Furthermore, the governance through such tools as policies, legislation and norms link the resource base and the community. Due to scarcity of resources, overdependence of community needs on the limited resources as influenced by the prevailing socio-economic factors and inefficient use of legal instruments, leads to unsustainable use of resources. Furthermore, the forest resource base is affected by invasive species to varying degrees. This report proposes strategies for sustainable use of resources in the Eastern Arc Mountains as means to address the unsustainable uses, flaws in legal natural resources management instruments and problems caused by invasive species to be implemented by relevant actors/institutions (Figure 2). Figure 2: Conceptual framework. 6
2.3 Sampling Design A purposive sampling design was used to select samples of forest blocks for ground truthing after a literature screening exercise, which helped to identify information gaps with regard to major themes of the study (i.e., forest uses and invasive species). In each sampled forest groups of villagers and individual key informants were selected on the basis of availability and willingness to discuss with researchers. Respondents were interviewed in groups and individually to ascertain the use of forest products and services. 2.4 Data collection 2.4.1 Types of data Both primary and secondary data were collected to address the specific study objectives. These were intended to cover three major dimensions namely social, economic and ecological. Social and economic dimensions focused on the forest resource users whereas the ecological dimension focused on the forest land and resources therein. The primary sources included key informants (individuals and groups). Secondary sources included research reports, journals, policy documents, laws and manuscripts on the Eastern Arc. The major sources included CMEAMF, SUA, TAFORI, and MNRT. The summary of the types of data, methods used and major sources is presented in Annex 2. 2.4.2 Data collection techniques Three major data collection techniques were used. These include (i) review of scholarly literature, and relevant public policies and laws that apply to the Eastern Arc, (ii) rapid field surveys for ground truthing using group and individual interviews and (iii) participant observation. 2.4.2.1 Review of literature, relevant public polices and laws This involved collection of a broad range of information from existing reports and journal articles, and review of relevant natural resource-related policies and laws and strategically identifying sections and clauses relevant to the study objectives. A summary matrix of literature reviewed with regard to EAMFs is attached as Annex 3. 2.4.2.2 Key informant interviews These involved both formal and informal interviews in groups and individually with key informants who are well acquainted with the study areas. Local people (individuals and groups), government officials were used as key informants. This helped to reveal illegal activities taking place in and around the Eastern Arc Mountain forests as most of these are restricted or protected for water and biodiversity conservation purposes. 7
Page 1 and 2: STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST U
Page 3 and 4: targeted (with location in the brac
Page 5 and 6: Collection of medicinal plants in t
Page 7 and 8: 3.2.2 Firewood collection: current
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Relative
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF ACRONYMS CBC = Community-Ba
Page 13 and 14: 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background In
Page 15 and 16: Specific objective (i): • To iden
Page 17: 2.0 METHODOLOGY 2.1 Study Sites and
Page 21 and 22: 3.0 FINDINGS 3.1 Review of Policies
Page 23 and 24: � Sowing, planting or cultivating
Page 25 and 26: Stated Economic Uses Section 20 of
Page 27 and 28: present and future generations with
Page 29 and 30: direct reduction of income poverty.
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Page 37 and 38: xi. Educate businessmen in timber p
Page 39 and 40: 3.2.2.2 Strategies for addressing u
Page 41 and 42: Figure 9: Illegal hunting in Udzung
Page 43 and 44: major threat to biodiversity. Trapp
Page 45 and 46: Other hunted animals include bushpi
Page 47 and 48: vi. Conduct market surveys. 3.2.4 M
Page 49 and 50: Osyris lanceolata The history of Os
Page 51 and 52: Resource Use Major locality in the
Page 53 and 54: S/N Species Native range Location N
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Page 57 and 58: 3.5.5 Elements to be included in th
Page 59 and 60: 4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 4
Page 61 and 62: improved animal husbandry through e
Page 63 and 64: vii. There is need to conduct fores
Page 65 and 66: Frontier Tanzania (2000). Chettlebo
Page 67 and 68: Munyuku, F.C.N. (1995). Report on a
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Annex 1: Terms of References (ToRs)
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Proposed Implementation Mechanism 1
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Annex 2: Matrix table showing types
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Key issue under ToRs 3. Problem of
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uses. Need for field visit for inte
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Annex 6: National Polices, their fl
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Eastern Arc Mountain Blocks East Us
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Eastern Arc Mountain Blocks Mahenge
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2 Firewood Firewood collection Unsu
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5 Wildlife trade Abbott’s duiker
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6 Forest land Increased and unplann
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8 Bee and bee products 9 Animal fod
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