Development of Sustainable Forest Use Strategies - Eastern Arc ...

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Ulugurus East Usambara (Magoroto Forest) East Usambara (Bamba Ridge FR) Bush pig, duiker, blue monkeys, bush buck, colobus monkey, hyrax and larger rodents Snares, traps, dogs and spears Abbot’s duiker Hunting Burgess (Undated) et al. Monkeys Hunting Anon (Undated2) Bush pig Snares, traps, pits, Woodcock (1995) (Potamochoerus porcus), blue monkey dogs, nets, bows and arrows, pangas and (Cercopithecus mitis), vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops), colobus monkey (Colobus angolensis), baboon (Papio cynocephalus), red duiker (Cephalophus natalensis), bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus), African civet (Viverra civetta), banded mongoose (Mungos mungo), cane rat (Thryonomys swynderianus), genet, rock dassie guns wild pigs Traps and hunting Cunneyworth and (Potamochoerus porcus) with guns Stubblefield blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis), Colobus monkey (Colobus angolensis) and duikers (1996b) 3.2.3.1 Targeted animal species Species or groups of animals targeted include monkeys (Iringa red and Angolan black & white colobus and Sykes monkeys), small forest antelopes, shrews (Elephant shrew (Macroscelidea)), giant pouched rat, blue duiker, red duiker, Abbott’s duiker (Cephalophus spadix), Livingstone’s suni, hyraxes (bush hyrax (Heterohyrax spp), Eastern tree hyrax (Dendrohyrax validus - IUCN status vulnerable), rock hyrax (Provavia spp)) etc. Hyraxes (known in Kiswahili as Pimbi or Perere) are most hunted animals particularly in Udzungwa Mountains. They are mainly hunted for meat and sometimes for their soft fur. They are also threatened through habitat loss. The second group of animals which is heavily hunted in the EAMFs especially in Udzungwa and Uluguru mountains are the Elephant shrews (Macroscelidea), locally known as Njule. There are two species namely Rhynchocyon petersi (black and rufous) and R. cimei (chequered). The first two are endemic to the Eastern Arc Mountains (Perkin, undated). As for the hyraxes, these species are threatened by hunting and habitat loss. 32
Other hunted animals include bushpigs, warthogs, buffalo, elephants, hippo (Frontier Tanzania, 2001c), bushbuck, other antelopes and other small animals. For bird trapping (for international trade) in South Nguru Mountains target species include Tauraco livingstonii, Bycanistes brevis, Bycanistes bucinator and Cyptospiza reichenovii. Chameleons and insects are also collected for the same purpose and target species (for insects) include beetles and butterflies (Doggart, 2005). In East Usambara, Woodcock (1995) reports that bush pig (Potamochoerus porcus), blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis), vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops), colobus monkey (Colobus angolensis), baboon (Papio cynocephalus), red duiker (Cephalophus natalensis), bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus), African civet (Viverra civetta), banded mongoose (Mungos mungo), cane rat (Thryonomys swynderianus), and rock dassie are hunted. 3.2.3.2 Strategies for addressing unsustainable hunting practices As stated earlier in this report, poaching and bush meat trade in EAMFs are illegal activities. Usually poaching cases are referred to wildlife officers whose main reaction is to ensure compliance with existing wildlife laws. Enforcement is, of course, required in many circumstances especially in and around the Eastern Arc Mountain forest reserves. As stated by TRAFFIC (Undated), enforcement-related interventions have their limitations and are not appropriate in all circumstances. Also, they are not fully protecting the remaining natural resources. A mixed bag of different strategies, including incentive-based approaches that are culturally acceptable and economically viable in addition to enforcement, could be much more effective in addressing this conservation and livelihoods issue. Therefore, suggested strategies include to: i. Create awareness among local communities (who are the stakeholders) on the potential threats facing hyraxes, elephant shrews and other animal species in their areas; ii. Improve enforcement of laws and by-laws through the involvement of local people iii. Introduce incentive systems to local people; iv. Streamline wildlife management and forest reserves; v. Encourage local communities to form and join environmental SACCOS, which could borrow money from banks and raise tree nurseries. Seedlings could be sold to gap planting projects; vi. Reconnect forests to maintain wildlife migration routes since isolation of the forests prevents natural population reinforcement from elsewhere. This could be done through gap planting of indigenous species; vii. Facilitate improved animal husbandry through enhancement of domestic sources of meat and eggs e.g. by increasing the number of domestic animals in the poorest part of the population. Poultry keeping has a relatively rapid 33
Page 1 and 2: STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST U
Page 3 and 4: targeted (with location in the brac
Page 5 and 6: Collection of medicinal plants in t
Page 7 and 8: 3.2.2 Firewood collection: current
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Relative
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF ACRONYMS CBC = Community-Ba
Page 13 and 14: 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background In
Page 15 and 16: Specific objective (i): • To iden
Page 17 and 18: 2.0 METHODOLOGY 2.1 Study Sites and
Page 19 and 20: 2.3 Sampling Design A purposive sam
Page 21 and 22: 3.0 FINDINGS 3.1 Review of Policies
Page 23 and 24: � Sowing, planting or cultivating
Page 25 and 26: Stated Economic Uses Section 20 of
Page 27 and 28: present and future generations with
Page 29 and 30: direct reduction of income poverty.
Page 31 and 32: and May 2006, a total of 967 pieces
Page 33 and 34: espectively (Frontier 2004). Also,
Page 35 and 36: excelsum in Shume-Magamba FR. Fical
Page 37 and 38: xi. Educate businessmen in timber p
Page 39 and 40: 3.2.2.2 Strategies for addressing u
Page 41 and 42: Figure 9: Illegal hunting in Udzung
Page 43: major threat to biodiversity. Trapp
Page 47 and 48: vi. Conduct market surveys. 3.2.4 M
Page 49 and 50: Osyris lanceolata The history of Os
Page 51 and 52: Resource Use Major locality in the
Page 53 and 54: S/N Species Native range Location N
Page 55 and 56: A recent survey that was carried ou
Page 57 and 58: 3.5.5 Elements to be included in th
Page 59 and 60: 4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 4
Page 61 and 62: improved animal husbandry through e
Page 63 and 64: vii. There is need to conduct fores
Page 65 and 66: Frontier Tanzania (2000). Chettlebo
Page 67 and 68: Munyuku, F.C.N. (1995). Report on a
Page 69 and 70: Annex 1: Terms of References (ToRs)
Page 71 and 72: Proposed Implementation Mechanism 1
Page 73 and 74: Annex 2: Matrix table showing types
Page 75 and 76: Key issue under ToRs 3. Problem of
Page 77 and 78: uses. Need for field visit for inte
Page 79 and 80: Annex 6: National Polices, their fl
Page 81 and 82: Eastern Arc Mountain Blocks East Us
Page 83 and 84: Eastern Arc Mountain Blocks Mahenge
Page 85 and 86: 2 Firewood Firewood collection Unsu
Page 87 and 88: 5 Wildlife trade Abbott’s duiker
Page 89 and 90: 6 Forest land Increased and unplann
Page 91: 8 Bee and bee products 9 Animal fod

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