Jun, Jul, Aug 1962 - Navy League of Australia

A NEW SERVICEThe CALMICAIRAutomatic DeodorisationSERVICEfeaturing• FREE UNIT• FREE INSTALLATION• SERVICES EVERY 6 WEEKSfor 2'6 PER UNIT PER WEEK_m.}*•t'tL• •| '"-.Anything less than the highest standard of hygiene canbe a source of annoyance to the staff and worry to theexecutive. Provision of sufficient toilet accommodation isnot the answer.SOMETHING MORE IS NEEDED — something to refreshtired, stale air, dispel mal-odour, something that isfoolproof in use. CALMICAIR is the answer to all yourproblems.HOW TO GET THE CALMIC SERVICEWrite, call or telephone to the address given below. Oneof our representatives will visit you. He will determineby discussion and inspection the exact number of unitsrequired and will then submit his recommendations. Th ; spart of the Service will be carried out without cost orobligationShown here •» 'He unit installed in position.CALMICJJ '.LIMITEDService Division:BIBBY STREET, CHISWICK, N.S.W.Telephone 83 6178Vol. 25mNAVYJUNE, 1962 No. 4The Official Orqan of ths Navy League of AustraliaCONTENTSR.A.N. HEADS INTERNATIONAL FORCEA NEW GENERATION OF AIRCRAFT CARRIERSASH DISPOSAL RESEARCHNEW CAPTAIN FOR R.A.N. FLAGSHIPU.S.S. TOWERS — VISIT TO SYDNEYR.N. SURVEY SHIPS RETURN TO EN6LANDSEA CADETS IN PICTURETHE BATTLE OF THE RIVER PLATEP*gePublisHad by tht Navy L**gue of Austral!*M Cl.r.nc. Stmt. Sydn.y. MA 878-4. Postal Addross Bo. 3(50 G.P.O.THE NAVY I I \«.l I OF \l S III \l IAThe Governor Oeneral, His ExcellencyFEDERAL COUNCIL:President: Bear Admiral H. AShowers, C.B.E.Deputy President: Lieut. Cdr. J. BBowse. V.R.D., R.A.N.V.R.Secretary: Lieu lenm t I, Mackay -Cruise. R.A.N.R.New South Wilts Division:Patron: His Excellency The Governorof New South Wales.President: Rear Admiral H. A.Showers. C.BJE.Secretary: Lieut. Cdr. A. A. A.Andrews, M.B.E.. RAN. 28 Rovn

• • • . , • " • -••/1nrifrr ir It(A ~ IAtfbS^BABCOl :K & i WILCOX OF AUSTRALIA PTY. LTD.• I • A "rvf ^% A • •% ^B ••& M K • • • BBk • • V, M | | • • | ••• ••• BBBKVAT^ ON i I fRANF PTY IAAITFH1 f Ml J•.\ -! > ,>•»>£_ -i-^8L 1 ras„in :«v/n i Of vixMIlL r 1 I. LlmllCL/MANUFACTI JRERS AND DISTRIBUTORS ofAll Standard and Special Brassware Fittings, including the WATCRANE" SpringPlumber and Hot ^^ater Enoineer *Cock, for the• SUPPLIERS o fFull range o f Gunmetal, Cast Iron and Steel Valves for Water, Air, Oil and, Basins, Lowdown Suites, Heaters and "IDEAL" Hot Water Boiler'i.Steam; Baths• ELECTROPLAChrome, Silv• FOUNDERS i-iijShlPlx J?^Ak.jB^s^n - *&^M' » • - . - ii.iM.aii L..I W "aye ** . WW i~ft- "at-e> V -—£MtV B^^B»»^ •''^i-*:^^^fe'4"* 1 ""^1' 1 '" •'•': '' " :f^* ^—*S" • -SeH^"*?*2 ". -•^^^.,'^^fll^^fW^ffflMlia7_iih .'' 4 ~" ' "•^nrfaSe^aWea?^*SMNft»-%fc^di»" 'TawlP' '* "«»«Maij, tfi -.'•••'^.wi i : aib. ^~^ ^ ••AuKtraliu recently cuntruUedone uf the btggnt Naval fleets|." eiosN the South China Seaill iirjieetinie.U ^ . ^. .t^.. .. fefa^. Nearly fil't.v ships from sixi allied Navies sailed under the• command, of an Australian adMill 1 111 1. lliill'ii .... ( ' Qaan 1 1 ...:•*'nni.u i\ii. II.M.A.S. MKI,-BOIRNE.Staged in the South ChinaSea. it was only the third nr.easion on which Australia hadcontrolled a major SKATOexercise. It provided valuahleexperience for 1 lie Itoval AustralianNavy. Not only didriea Lievti give the K.A..Vgreater miderstandinj; of thecomplexities of directing aninternational Fleet, Imt thetactics themselves were ofspeeial iinportaiiee to Australia."Sea Devil" was devoted tothree types of sea warfare thathave particular application inthe ilefeni f Australia's extensivesea crtmniuiiicntioiis.The exercise was designed totest the" "anility of SKATONavies to work together inanti-siiliiiiariiic warfare, airdefence al sea, and the elear-Htlee"••''lit*"iin i iii.fin!• 1 ^iniin in ius.Tl. .i nesewould he the main tasks forthe.Koyal Australianthe event of war.Navy inTo ensure the continuity ofestcentijd supplies to Australia.and to safeguard troop convoys,the K.A.N, must have the capabilityof dealini; with thesubmarine menace. But thedanger to convoys using Anairalia'sfar-Aunt; sea eommuni-3

—.-,„_-..„ —„„_,_—CMtiulu* wuulil uut I'oiiif onlyfrom beueatfa tho sea. Enemyaircraft would pow « majorthr^nt to convoys, particularlywhen the ships wcrr out of tlirprotective raiiffc of Khorw baxrtltighter*. In SKAT*> excrct-nr"Sen hevil". HII' lIl'flMHM* WHSbased mi earriei'-biirue iiir*« lull. Mitt** MTUUM be u t'urlUerdanger to Australia*i sea lifelines,and would cause havocif laid iu the coastal shippingroutes. In "Sea Devil'\ Tonrlass minesweepers of the typr'teiilft obtained for Australiaibis year were ust»d to clearitlinrnVMs in Manila HHV.. .\*hRealistic TrainingWhile "Sea Devil" washelping to strengthen SEATOdefenee by improving Navalco-operation between sixNavies, ships of the AustralianHeel were benefiting fromrealistic training.In addition to planning andrunning the exercise. Australiacontributed four warships, twoFleet Air Arm squadrons, andan R.A.A.F. maritime squadronThe ships were the aircraftcarrier. 11.MAS. MEL-BOl'RNE, two destroyers,VENDETTA and VOYAGER,ami the anti-submarine frigate.QIEENBOROUOH.an early "kill" against the submarines.The main stage of "SeaDevil" was based on the assumptionthat an aggressorwas invading the Philippinesfrom the north. Tin mbilledNavies of Australia. NewZealand. Pakistan. Thailand.the United Kingdom and theL'nited States had the task ofensuring the safe anil timelyarrival of a convoy in Manila.Throughout the ten days ofthe "war game" phase of thee x c r c i s e . the internationalforce was subjected to attackfrom submarines and aircraft.while a minefield had to becleared before the convoy couldenter Manila Hay.R.A.N. PlannersThe SEATO Task Force wasunder the Command of theFlag Officer Commanding theAustralian Fleet. Rear AdmiralAlan Mc.N'ieoll. From II.M.A.S.23-DAY TAHITIAN CRUISE by ORION'. 24.000 tons.W From Sydney: 24tfc Auqust. To Auckland, oil R.uotunna, PapCCIC (T»hfti>, andSuva (Fiji) Fam from: Cabin Class (219.The K.A.N.'s fianiH't squadronmade a significant contributionto the anti-submarinedefence in the exercise, and theVenom lighter squadron wasbased ashore to act in theenemy role. The R.A.A.F.'s longrange maritime aircraft alsoquickly won respect by scoring8-DAY SEPTEMBER CRUISE by ORSOVA'. 29.000 tout.^. From Sydney: 2ftb September. To Ntumca and Hnvman Island Fares from:WHr«i CfeW €*1; Tmirist Class CM.1S-DAY SPRING CRUISE by ORONSAY', 20.000 tons.JL. From Sydney: 7th October. To Hay man Island via Barm-i Reel. Noumea." Suva and Auckland; passing Norfolk and lord Howe Islands. Fates from:First Class £156: TottrM Cbi«s Ct 15.M-DAY CHRISTMAS AND NEW YEAR CRUISE by 'ORIAMA*. 42,000 MM.A From Sydney: 21it December. To Suva, overnight anthorate of? Great R.-mu" Island, thence Auckland. PfctOfl and Howrt. lares from: First Class £1M;tourist Class tilt.12-DAY CHRISTMAS AND NEW YEAR CRUISE by ORION', 24,ooo tonsi From Sydney: 23rd December. To New Zealand, s rsillntf Potl Chalmers.^ I.yttelton, Piciun. cruisina In Pclorus Sound, overniyht anchorage at TennvsonInlet Fares from Cabin Class Ct 12: imirisi Class CM.X12-DAY JANUARY CRUISE by ORONSAY'. 20.000 toas.From Sydaty: 14t* Joaaory. Visiiinir Ba> of Islands. Auckland. Hotoarl andMelbourne larc> from: First Class (124: TonriM Chm 191.15-DAY EASTER CRUISE by STRATHMORI'. 23.000 tan).W From Sydney: 11th April. Vhilina Nuku'alofa. thence Suva and Noumea.Fare* from lltl (ont Class oalyi.PtO- ORIENTCumuli any Aitthtvhett Truvel Aftucy.LINESAlways ask for . . .SHELLEY'SFAMOUS DRINKSObtainable from leadingshops and saloonsCORDIAL FACTORYSHELLEY & SONSPTY. LTD.MURRAYSTREETMARRICKVIIXENJ.W.'Phenet LA MelTHE NAVYH.M.A.S. MELBOURNE, the flagship of the Royal Australian Navy, transfers fuel to TJ.8.8. 8WEN80N inthe Chin* Sea daring the exercise.JUIM, 1962I.

MKLHOTKXK he controlled at] Navies into an efficient com-••xereise involving nearly fifty billed force was the responsiships,sixtccii-thousand men bility of Admiral Mc.Nicoll andand some !."> aircraft. The a trr«nip of young offlcem oncomplexities of welding si\ his staff.For the NA VY and YOU!As contractors to the Royal Australian Navy, we providethem with all classes of Electrical Installations and Repairs,Motor and Generator Winding, Radar Installations, etc.These services are also available to PrivateKiiierprise for Ships, Factories. CommercialBuildings, etc.ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS PTY. LTD.6 NAPOLEON STREET, SYDNEYBX531I (4 lines) BX5311 (4 lines)COMPRESSED YEASTVACUUM PACKED"Dribarm" is a special form of compressed yeast,dried under scientific conditions and carefullycompoundedwith a suitable yeast food.It's the qualityyeast that is as constant as to-morrow and is packedto the high specifications of the Australian Navy.MAURI BROTHERS & THOMSON LIMITEDPINNACLE HOUSE2-6 Barrack Street, Sydney. Telephone: 29 2601.Commander Andrew Robertsoil,the Fleet Operations officer,played a leading role inplanning the exercise. Aped:t7 In- comes from IVmhlcX.S.W.< living -i ial attention iproblem when Typhoon Georgiadeveloped near the exercisearea. Me forecast, correctly,that Ihe typhoon would swine;north before reaching theSKATo force. CommanderTHE NAVYis,.AS»A .7e mm*I'* 5 —,I'.S.S. SWENSON had its own welcoming posters when it came alongside H.MAS J1H.1IOI KM to fuel.I listi'.I who is :17 years old,•'onii's from Will u 11 tr h l> y .Sydney.Sea PowerDurum "Sea Devil". Au*-iralia joined the I'nited Statesin presenting H spectacularili'iiionstration nf SKATO N'HVHIstrength.The demonstration was holdin tin' South China Sea near.Manila, and was watched bymany Kilipino citizens anil byattaches nf SKATO natiiiiis.Steaming behind a linealreastscreen of dcrttrnvers.MELBOURNE anil the I'nitedstates earner. BEXXIN'GTON,June. 1962became grandstand* for an unprecedenteddisplay of SKATOanti-submarine power.Layers of aircraft tilled thesky. Highest Hying planes werethe Long-range inarititue aircraftfrom the I'nited States.Australia and New Zealand.Below these big aircraft flewthe Australian Navy's Gannett*and American Trackers, whilehovering just above the waterwere the I'.S. Navy's antisubmarinehelicopters.'>n the surface, the Americanand Australian destroyers andfrigates sent columns of waterhigh into the air as they fireda wide variety of anti-submariiieweapons, ranging fromthe K.A.N, s l.imlio mortar tothe I '.S. Navy's Alpha antisiilimariiicmissile.The aircraft dived out ofthe sky to demonstrate theirfire power against submarines.ami the display highlightedthe integration of surface andair forces in the detection amidestruction of suhmarines.It was no coincidence thaiAustralia teamed with theUnited States in this presentationof Naval power. In itsown right, the Royal AustralianNavy ranks as one of themost effective Naval forces inSouth Kast Asian waters.I

. . . . •of aln enjoyed the paal-SEATO lean In Manila andwasted no lime In shopping exearslona. Thla plclurr shows Naval AirmanM. Lancaster, of Brlahane. Indalftns In the usual ' harialnlnr," orer Ihrpurchase of a present for home.TASTE ABEER THAT'SREALLY BEERhere's luck! here's cheers!here's two great beers!Two great beers indeed — Foster s Lager and VictoriaBitter. No doubt you've downed a glass or two of bothyourself — enjoyed their exhilarating flavour:experienced the smoothness no other beer can match. Here'sreal beer — the world's best beer! Make the mostof it — matte yours Foster's Lager or Victoria Bitter!VICTORIA BITTERFOSTER'S LAGERDRAUGHT • BOTTLED • CANNEDWAH8HIPS"SUPER"Sea Devil" saw a remarkahli-seen.' in tin- South ChinaSea when two Task (trouperendezvoused for the finalconvoy tu Manila.In thr early light "I aSunday morning, ships uf sixnations converged from nillioints ii|Min ii designated |HMIlion in tin- Sontli China Sea.In all directions, as far astill- t'Vl' COtllll SCC, there wereships . . . supply ships, frigates,destroyers ainl. dominating thesceiie. til.- massive outlines ot'thi'i'i- aircraft carriersill. MAS. MKl.ltnl HNKl.s.s. ItKXXISOTON nmlII Ms AHK KOYAL).The immediate task was t

. • •:.»ZT^MELBOURNESTEAMSHIPCO. LTD.Head officeII KING ST.. MELBOURNEBranches or Agenciesac all portaManaging AsressU forIIOBSONS BAY DOCK ANDENGINEERING CO. PTYLTD.Wtsrfca: williamuown, VictoriaHODCI ENGINEERING CO.PTY. LTD.Works: Susses Si., SvdsWSandCOCKBURN ENGINEERINGPTY. LTD.Wesrks: Hints Hd , FruBanOcShip Repairen. etc.MORRISON fcSINCLAIRPTY. LTD.ShipbuildersLONGNOSE POINTSYDNEY-Phone:82 0701 (3 lines)plete H :t«i degrees turn. The tba sliipN of the Royal Navymodel'a | mill W rewarded being equipped with the safestpM>tographit-aH} bj multiple and must efficient anchors inexposures on 11 single plate, the world Design informationThe photograph shows the resulting fr these anchorposition of the how ami stern tent* has heen made freeljlights at various points durin.: available In ihe shipping andthe experiment By niialysinu shipbuilding world.these photographs the experts The Kstahlish Ill has also;nv able to assess nil the rele- produced a new type of anchorMini iiirninii eharaeteriHties »l for permanent in invr— whichihe eraft. and the senta. of weigh* onlj one-eighth of thethese experiments is now weight of those now in use butbeing widened In include the provides the same holding pull.Measurement of rildder forrea and which will SUM- millionsMIMI xig /.»i! ami spiral of pounds in the pr KS ofuianoeiivres with remote- normal replacement of thecontrolled IIIIKICIS. anchors i.. tin' pcrtnallenlThe : Ilnr tests :il the monrillll* amuild the eonsl illKsialilislniH'iil have resulted in BritainASH DISPOSAL RESEARCHResearch into the prospect*of disposal of Hue lt\ ash alsea is being carried out liy iheN.S.VV. Electricity Commissionin conjiii-tion with the I diversityof Xett Sonlli Wale* amiwith assistance from theC.S.I.Ho.The Savj ami Ihe Volunteerroastal r.'iirol are co-operatingin field test* which began offWyhutig Head, central coast,on Julie 13.In these teats, trial loads oftine asli will lie dumped throughhoses to the sea bed, anil thedispersal of the nsh trackedby skin divers and by surfaceobservers using echo soundingami charting equipment.Kly ash consists of very fineparticles collected by electrostaticprecipitators from powerstation Hue gasses before theyleave the chimney*.The research is proceeding onthe theory that such line particleswill lie carried out to seabelow the surface and dispersedin deep water.The theory will be scientificallytested for the first timeill the tests off Wylnintr.Purpo-. of tins.- ami associal..Iexperiments is toat ml} the possibility of largescale disposal at sea of Hyash from power stations in thenorthern area.Some of the investigationwork is being carried out b>the C.S.I H.i I. at its OcciiimgraphicLaboratory. Cronulla.For the ash disposal testsoff Wyliinii! Head the Xavywill provide a team of divers,and the Volunteer CoastalPatrol will provide boats usedas bases for observations.The Police Diving Squad haspreviously trained a numberof Commission engineers' indiving.Members of the Commission'sPower Development BranchProjects Division arc taking anactive |»irt in the tests, directedIn Kngineer Power l)cvclopmciit Bruce Kirkwood.Projects Division observerswill eo-oitlinate the results ofthe tests with other investigationwork, but there are nofirm plans for the use of themethod al this sialic.THE NAVYRESERVE SAILORS LEAVEFOR UKA party of twelve ratings ofthe Royal Australian NavalReserve lias lefl Sydney forBritain to help man new shipsfor deliver}' In Australia Interthis year.The men arc ihe first oflifty-six K.A.X.K. ratines whon ill go to Kllglalld to serve inAustralia's new uihleswccpingsquadron. This was one of themost significant peacetime• -out riliut ions made by Aus-I "alia 's Naval reserves.The first twelve reserves,who conic from all parts ofAustralia, are electrical andengmerooui ratings. In privatelife they range from clerks tomedical orderlies. They willundergo special trainingcourses iii England beforejoining their ships during Julyand August.Three Keserve officers havealready left for Britain, anilthree more will go later,making a lotal of sixty-tworeserve officers ami men in theinineaweeping squadron. Thereserves will comprise sixtyper cent, of the crews in fourof the six minesweepers, whichare due ill Sydney in December.RAN GETS WARMWELCOME IN JAPANThirty-tluiusaml people havevisited five ships of the AustralianCombat Meet since theyarrived in Japan,The flagship. II.M.A.S. MEL-IIOL'RNK, is heading the biggestforce of Australian shipsIn go to .lapan in peacetime.MELBOURNE. Hying theting of Bear Admiral AlanMcXiroll. the Hag OfficerCommanding the AustralianFleet, fired a national salute onlier arrival at Tokyo's seaportcity. A shore battery returnedIhe salute.June, If62The Australiaiu force comprises.MKLBOCRNK, the destroyers,VKNDKTTA andVOYAGER and the new frigates.YAHRA and PARKA-MATTA. MKLBOCRNK iscarrying twenty-one Navalaircraft, ami there is a totalof two-anil-ii-lialf'-tlioiisaml menin the Task IJronp.The Minister for the Navy.Senator Gorton, said that theAustralians were given a verywarm welcome, with the Japanesearranging sightseeing toursand sporting fixtures. In thevisits already made to Nagasaki,Kiirc and Kobe, someihirty-lhousaiid people hadtaken advantage of open daysMl the Australian ships.Host ships for the AustralianClcct in Yokohama werethe Japanese Training Squadron,commanded by Rear AdmiralNobiiro Nagai. which isto visit Australia in .Inly.NEW CAPTAIN FORFLAGSHIPA new captain has been appointedto command II.M.A.S.MKLBOCRNK. the flagship ofthe Australian Fleet.The Minister for the Navy.Senator (iortoii. announcedrecently that Captain R. 1.Peek. O.B.K.. D.S.C. wouldtake command of II.M.A.S.MELBOURNE, lie will alsoserve as Chief Staff Officer tothe Flag officer CommandingSupportthe Australian Fleet, RearAdmiral Alan McNieoll.Captain Peek succeedsCaptain V. A. Smith, D.S.C,who is to become SecondMember of the Naval Boardwith the rank of Acting RearAdmiral.Captain Peek lias been incommand of the fast troopcarrier. II.M.A.S. SYDNEY,since his return from theUnited Kingdom earlier thisyear. In Britain he was on exchangeduty with the Admiraltyand also attended theImperial Defence College.lie began his Naval careerthirty years ago when hegraduated from the RoyalAustralian Naval College(19:12). During the SecondWorld War he served as SquadronGunnery officer in bothII.M.A.S. II O BART andII.M.A.S. AUSTRALIA. Hewas awarded the D.S.C. forskill and devotion to duty atLingayen Gulf.Since the war he has servedat Navy Office as Director ofPlans and as Deputy Chief ofNaval Personnel, ami he hasalso commanded SHOAL-HAVEN. B A T A A N andTOBRCK. ,Captain Peck will Hy toTownsville to formally takecommand of MKLBOCRNKwhen the flagship arrives thereon her way home from a tourof duty in South East Asia.theRED CROSSBLOOD BANKI

I ... - - "Cui\ed Missile DestroyerAustralians recently had an opportunity of seeing, in the U.SS. TOWERS, the type of destroyerswhich are to be built for the R.A.N.The Commanding Officer of TOWERS, Commander L. 0. Cummins, said:—"TOWERS is one of our country's newest guided missile destroyers. She is a versatile ship configuredtor both anti-air and anti-submarine operations. Incorporated in her are the latest in radar, missiles,communications gear, propulsion equipment, sonar and other devices needed to do the many /obs that comea destroyer's way in heloing to keep the sea lanes free.Four boilers produce nearly 80.000shaft horsepower, giving the shipa speed of 35 knots.Use of aluminium for the superstructurepermits greater flexibilityof design and provides the necessarybalance for new and heavierweapons which use the all-weldedhigh-strength steel hull for theunyielding platform.The TARTAR surface-to-airmissiles are capable of searching outtargets at supersonic speeds.The primary anti-submarineweapon carried is the A.S.R.O.C.launcher which fires A.S.W. rocketsequipped with either homing torpedoesor depth-charge heads.TOWERS 5' 54 calibre generalpurpose rapid fire guns are controlledby intricate electronic systemscoupled with radar and sonardetection and tracking equipment.The ship is designed for a wartimecomplement of 351 officersand men.The ships overall length of 437feet with a beam of 47 feet givesa full load displacement of 4500tons, half again as heavy as a typicalWorld War II destroyer.She was commissioned in June.1961. and is named after the lateAdmiral J. H. Towers, the U.SNavy's Third Naval Aviator andlater Chief of the Bureau of Aeronauticsand Commander U.S. PacificFleet. Admiral Towers died in1955Shown above is a Tartar surface-to-air missile launched during theguided missile carrying destroyer's visit to Sydney. The Australian shipswill have the Sea Cat missile.I'.S.S. TOWERS, the 4.500 ton missile carrying destroyer, entering Sydney Harbour.THE NAVYJune. 1962gt9rrtyBB?iHRTWH .

Royal Naval Survey ShipsReturn After DiscoveriesU.S.S. TOWERS shows her Are power as the 5" 51 calibre dual purpose guns blast away on herdemonstration to Australian V.I.P.'s off Sydney Heads.To "The Navy,"Box 3850, G.P.O.,Sydney, N.S.W.SUBSCRIPTION FORMI enclose 23/- for Annual Subscription to " The Navy,"post free, commencing January, 1961.NameStreetTownDateStatePlease not* that all annual subscriptions now commence in January.New subscribers after January should send onlyremaining up to and Including December.Januery will be posted.l/l I for each monthOtherwise beck copies fromU.S.S. TOWERSSHOWSFIRE POWERABILITYA highlight of her visit unitdemonstration, to liitzhranking Pederal members ofParliament. Iril by tin' Minixterfor Navy, Senator Gorton, amiRoyal Australian Navy Officers.nf her fire power which eomprisedtlii' suface-to-air niissilr"Tartar" ami her ilual pur-">-inch ."i4 calibre nuns.I"'1'ln' Surv.'\ Ship- II.M.S,II WEN ami II.M.S DAI.HYMPIiE returned m ill.' I'.K."ii :llst May after it scries "Isurveys, respect ivel,\ in theIndian Ocean am! PersianLull, as a ri'siilt nf which itlias been discovered that tin*Kast African Continent may•'Xtcnd underwater almost! asfar as the Si-yclu-lli's. nearly1.000 mill's from I lie existingcoastline.II..M.S. OWEN, which saili'ilfrom the L'.K. in Septemberlast year for the lirst of Avesi'.-isiins in the Indian Ocean,reports that her survey worklias revealed an offshore /one"-Mm mill's wide ami extendingalmut '.'.iinii miles from Madagascarto Sni'utra. Tin- /.uni* ischaracterised by a strikingabsent f gravimetric andmagnetic relief, suggesting thatthe whole zone may be underlaidby a wedge of sedimentaryrocks, several miles in thicknessami effectively extendingi he Continent of Africa.Geologists working on lamlm Kast Africa ami Madagascarhave suspected that the eastwardtilted Continent mightcontinue beneath the deepwater of the Indian Ocean, andihe findings of II.M.S. OWENthis year appear to confirmihis. if these early findings ofII.M.S. OWEN are confirmedby further survey work by theship next year, they will posea considerable problem to geophysicaltheorists.Although ll.M.s. OWEN'Swork has been inninh geophysical,she has completedsome inshore survey work inthe vicinity of Lamu, Kenya,in addition to many small tasksiii tin- Seychelles. Ciismoledoami at Aildll Atoll. She hascarried riviliau scii'iitists towork with tin- Royal Navalllydrographic officers, andthese have included scientistsfrom Cambridge University, theNational Institute of Oceanographyami the British PetroleumCompany. The scientistsi ireophysieists used instrumentsto measure the force ofgravity ami the strength ofthe earth's magnetic Held wheneverthe ship was at sea. Theminute fluctuations of theseforces (rive ellles wlliell suggestwhat sort of rocks may heburied underneath the sea-liedover wliieli the ship has passed.This work has been part ofthe British contribution to theInternational Indian OeeauExpedition, jointly sponsoredl>y the International Conneil ofScientific Unions and byUNESCO, ami has two objects:the scientific exploration of themarine biology, water circulatinnand submarine geology ofthe Indian Oeeau: and the encouragementof marine sciencesin the countries bordering theIndian Ocean, whose risingpopulations may soon compelthem to turn to the sea forfood. The Expedition willoccupy almost all of the world'slarger research vessels duringthe coming two years, butII.M.S. OWEN, working in theArabian Sea. was amongst thefirst ships in the field. Herscientific programme was plannedby a Committee set up bythe Royal Society at the invitationof the Ilydrographcr ofthe Royal Navy (Rear AdmiralE. U. Irving, O.B.E.) and itsexecution was entrusted to theCambridge University of (Jen.physics.The programme has been ari'i'iinnaissaiu f the sea-floorgeology of the Arabian Sea—a little known area as large asthe U.S.A. -which will make itpossible to select key problemsand localities for detailedinvestigation hy British shipsnext season.Both on the way nut to theIndian Ocean and on her returnpassage, II.M.S. OWEN has recimnuitrcila system of stronglymagnetised volcanic ridges and• basins running diagonallyacross the Gull of Aden.Several atoll pinups have beenvisited to estimate the depthof volcanic basement beneathI he coral.Knur long traverses by theship, extending from Africa toIndia, have given a clearerpicture both of the physiographyof the floor of theArabian Sea and of the northwardcourse of the CarlsbergKidgc (the ureal mid-oceanrange nf submarine volcanoeswhich reaches south to join thesimilar mill-Atlantic ridge offthe Cape of Good Hope).II..M.S. OWEN'S work hasseveral times in the last fewmonths taken her to the Seychelles—theonly islands in theworld essentially made ofgranite. Mineral specimens collectedthere by the scientistsembarked, the ship's ownNaval underwater demolitionteam, the late Governor of theSeychelles, and by Mr. B. H.Baker, of the Kenya GeologicalSurvey, have been dated atlaboratories in Cambridge andin California proving that theSeychelles granite is more thanTHENAVYJune. 1962IS

5(K) million years old—an age and pierced l>y a volcano muchcomparable with that of the more recently labout 40 milolderrocks of Fast Africa. |in|| v,. a|s ;,,_ „,, „, „„.The ship has also discovered . . ,• hat this granite mass was """' "' ""• '•"••k-up oi theriven apart and its central area eastern extension ,.l the Africaninvaded by wedges of basalt rnntinent.DIESELFUEL INJECTIONEQUIPMENT• Repairs• Maintenance• Consulting andManufacturing EngineersNEPTUNEENGINEERING COMPANYNORTH SYDNEYPHONES - XB 2004, XB 2695 LAVENDER BAYHULL & COMPANY PTY. LTD.21 MACQUARIE PLACE, SYDNEYCustoms, Shipping & Forwarding AgentsAlso Cartage ContractorsPhone: BU 3551 for Service! iFinally, iu addition to thecollections of rocks and readinns, a party from the ship collectedspecimens of the Cdr Xler. peculiar to the Scyehelles. which "ill be plant..!ill ('ambridgc.In add it ion to II..Ms.uWKX'S geophysical work.i\\ s e III i . permanent tidegauges were ^

'v• ' - .»•Lr^-aadtfnf«br••_. >: .wfffMia,%^^. ^jfe/i1 AW '' w—- '•*»»-.1 ' \I*lmi*.iJ^afjjjl.SI -A CADETS IN PIOTl'RESW(-< tf,-•,Z*f''"1 .i 1/ **ij- / • . -•f,; '< e*1V. ,\C•**»"•.IJa111|mi1IAt left: Sea Cadets fror i i ..nil, FT., i i training mKalnmrai KaraDepM.JOIN THE NAVY LEAGUEThe object of the Navy League in Australia, likeits older counterpart, the Navy League in Britain,is to insist by all means at its disposal upon thevital importance of Sea Power to the BritishCommonwealth of Nations. The League sponsorsthe Australian Sea Cadet Corps by giving technicalThe League consists of Fellows (Annual or Life) and Associates.sea training to and instilling naval training in boyswho intend to serve in Naval or Merchant servicesand also to those sea-minded boys who do notintend to follow a sea career, but who, given thisknowledge, will form a valuable Reserve forthe Naval Service.All British subjects who signify approval to the objects of the League are eligible.MAY WE ASK VOL' TO JOIN and swell our members so that the Nary League in Australia ma) l»'widely known and exercise an important influence in the life of the Australian Nation?For particulars, contact The Secretary, 66 Clarence Street, Sydney, N.S.W.or The Secretary, Room 8, 8th Floor, 528 Collins Street, Melbourne, C.I, Victoriaor one of the Hon. Secretaries at:* Box 376E, G.P.O., Brisbane, Queensland * 30 Pirie Street, Adelaide, S.A.* 726 Sandy Bay Rd , Lower Sandy Bay, Hobart • 62 Blencowe St., West Leederville, W.A.* P.O. Box 90, Darwin, N.T. * 60 Limestone Ave., Ainslie, Canberra, A.C.T.i1JuneJr.^^M- s1|S1962^BrW?'*'»^J8H- ^tXMTSUWw' ;^K^^HtmiJm(LJk^aaaaaaa^^^^^ f«*4rl ~~^aW- TTTLf^e,^Wr8>4ii» ^BWL-*£kM J, >' p~ .a*"Wj^ ^ w• .-'^•W "&/^fc/ >• ike*.A >ove and below: Sea Cadet* from Portland. Victoria, she u their ability as a guard.• '• T *iv ~4t'X.P• '^^g«ajT 1i\'H*P-3LKIi^H„

**BP»PPB"*T.S. Navy's Astronaut Lt. Col. Scott Carpenter afterhis orbits of the earth.Amonrsl those who received Scouttnf awards wasKenneth Wray. IS, of Armidale. a Cadet Midshipmanin the Royal Australian Navy.Midshipman Wray received his Queen's Scoutcertificate.He Joined the Boyal Australian Navy this year andU stationed at H.M.A.S. CRESWEIA.The picture shows Midshipman Wray and ChrisWest, of Eastwood. N.S.W., after the presentationceremony.20THE B,PLATEFrom a lecture bySIB EUGENE MILLINOTONDRAKE. KC..M.G.(Continued from last issue)Explosion .it 7.54 p.in. 111.34 O.M.T.i reportedinstantaneously to Foreign Offloe anilB.IU'.. who announce it jtwl after midnight.Captain LangxdnrfT. hi- officers ami crewtransferred to two TISJT— ami lighter thins;Argentine Hair, though belonging In the Hamburg-SmithAmerica Line. III these they rrossovernight t" Buenos Aires.Monday, December 18: Captain Langadorft'atiil his crew reach Buenos Aire* ami are accommodatedin naval barracks. German plea thatthey arc ship-Wrecked sailors, mil liable to internment.The Montevideo press publishesl.angsilorlf's long litter of protest, which provnki-s storm of indignation in Uruguayan amiArgentine pre**,Tuesday, December 19: Argentine Governmentdecree internment. Captain Langsdorff'slast address to his men and suicide, leaving!letter taking full responsibility for scuttlingof URAF SPEE.FOREWORD BY ADMIRAL SIK EDWARDPARRY. K.C.B.. TO DUDLEY POPE'S BOOK.THE I'.ATTLK OK THE RIVER PLATE'.i William Kimber. 195H. IThe Battle of the River Plate received agreat deal of publicity at the time, largelybecause it was fought during the first winterof the war. when little else was happening..Moreover, the picture of a comparativelylarge enemy vessel being pursued by twosmaller British ships appealed to the imagination.To this day I do not know why theTHI NAVYTLE OF THE RIVERDRAMATIS PERSONAE: THE COMMANDERS. SHIPS. ARMAMENTS, SPEEDS, ETC.TonnageShip and Tear of Completion and crew Armament Aircraft SpeedGRAF SPEE 193fi 1:1.000 „ix 11-inch 2 'Arado' with 28 knotsCaptain Hans Langsdorff and 1.100 men ami eight 5.'l ma chine guninch gunsII.M.S. EXETER 1931 8,4(HJ six 8-inch 2 32 knot*Captain F. S. Bell and tiOtl men gunsH.M.S. A.IAX 193.-> 7,000 eight C-inch 2 33 knotsCaptain C. II. L. Woodhouae and 520 men gunsand carrying COMMODORE II. HARWOODII.M.S. ACHILLES 1933 7.000 eight (i-inch None 33 knotsCaptain W. E. Parry and 550 men guns (lost crossingthe Pacific)of the NEW ZEALAND DIVISION OK THE ROYAL NAVYH.M.S. CUMBERLAND 1928 10,000Captain Kallowfieldand 710 menURUGUAY (ling. Navy)Captain Fernando J. Fuentes1910l,.-)00and 80 menH.M.S. ARK ROYAL 19:15 22,000Captain Arthur J. Power and 1.300 menALTMARK 19:18Captain Heinrich DanTanker on the German NavyAuxiliary List, formerly ofHamburg-America LineTACOMA 1930Captain Hans Konow. ofHamburg-America LineGRAF SPEETHE THREE BRITISH CRUISERSJUM, ItM7,000and 130 men8,300and 112 meneight 8-inchgunstwo 4.7-inchgunssixteen 4.5-inch HA/LAgunsAnti-aircraftguns andpompoms'NoneTOTAL WEIGHT OF BROADSIDES:COMBINEDN

' * • ' « ' ' • " '• • • • - " — —ADMIRAL (iKAK SI'EE

^ • -laulic »ml. rouud inln the l*in-itierienre olthe tropies — I made the aquaintani f lbAlberto (luani, the young and intelligentI'riiguayiin Minister to Belgium who had leftlirussels with the Belgian (loveinnieiit at theof the Herman invasion and. after his tryingexperiences, was returning to Montevideo toconsult his Government and have sonic leavebefore rejoining the Belgian tioverumenl atits war headquarters at l.c Havre, lie wasthe life and soul of the part} on hoard andhad a great sense of hunionrDAWN ON BIO BAY: II.M.S. (ILASOOWRECENTLY IN DRY DOCK ArTKKI'ORONELTo sec the fahled beauty »f Kio harbour Iwas up before daybreak and was rewarded byseeing it at its best in the cloudless tropicaldawn, enlivened by the twinkling of themyriad lights along the seemingly endlesswaterfront below the great "sugar loafmountains.There I lunched with the Charge d'Affaires,Arnold Kobertson. as he was then generallycalled, at the leading club, where everyonewas in whites, sinee January is the height ofthe tropical summer. He was jubilant over thegranting of his request to the BrazilianGovernment in Nov. for permission for thecruiser GLASGOW to stay a week in dockafter Coronel and after she had been at seafor four months and so required a completeoverhaul. This request was certainly justifiedin order to make her fully seaworthy butnevertheless was a friendly act on the part ofthe Brazilian authorities and a great personalsuccess for Robertson.As Sir Malcolm Robertson, tl.CM.U-. hewas to be my chief as Ambassador at BuenosAires when'I returned to the Plate at thebeginning of 1i)29 as first Counsellor ofEmbassy to the Mission, which had just beenpromoted to an Embassy — the first Missionto be so raised since Brussels in 1919, Tokyo In1905 — and Washington in 189:1.24ARRIVAL IN llUNTBVlWStt STl'KDEK'SCONFIDENTIAL REPORT ON THE KALK-LANDSWhen three days later on January 10 wereached Montevideo and 1 said goodbye to Dr.(luani, we neither of us could imagine thatalmost exactly 2'> years later he would be thereagain but as Minister for Foreign Affairs andI as British Minister and that we shouldjointly have to deal with the aftermath ofanother British victory in tin- South Atlantic;nor that the ease of the (II.ASOOW just reeeutlvin dry dock in Rio would he invokedb\ him as the precedent justifying the grantingtn the (IRAK SPEE 72 hours for repairs inreply to my official request that she should begiven only 24!The Montevideo of those distant days ofIHI.'i was a very different place to the muchextended and relatively lernised city thatI uas t know when I went there as Ministerin l(i:S4. doing ashore I walked up throughi he old city on its peninsula anil with itshorse trams, and found my way to the pokylittle Legation house on a small square in thatquarter, named the Plaza Zabala. It beingSunday (January I"' the British Minister, Mr.A. Mitchell limes, was away but I was receivedby the Naval Intelligence Officer, acertain .Major de Saumarez Dobree, retiredfrom the Royal Marines, who told me thathe had in the safe Admiral Sir DovetonSturdee's confidential report on the Rattle ofthe l-'alklands would I rare to see it?ITS TRIBUTE To HERMAN (U'NNERY ANDA RECOMMENDATION FOR THE V.C.I naturally accepted with alacrity and over"Forty Years On" I could remember clearlytwo things. (I) Admiral Sturdee's tribute tothe gallantry of the Germans and particularlyto their accurate gunfire by salvos which wasthen relatively a novelty. And (2) his recommendationof a V.C. for a rating who downbelow had put out an incipient fire among thecordite supply which might at any momenthave blown up the whole ship. My recollectionwas that it had been in one of the battlecruisers as 1 had reflected what a disaster itwould have been, since we were not as yetinured to the loss of battle cruisers as wecame to be after Jutland.'To he continued next issue)THENAVYTHE UNITED SHIP SERVICES PTY. LTD.88-102 Normanby Road South Melbourne. Victoria, AustraliaMELBOURNE - CEELONC - PORTLANDand all Victorian PortsThe largest organisation in Victoria tor the fabrication and installation of fittingsfor every description of cargo. Bulk grain fittings a speciality. Dunnagesupplied. Holds cleaned. Decks caulked. All trades available and include:Shipwrights, Carpenters, Joiners,Dockers, Painters, RiggersTelephone: MX 5231LNUTTALL,LATHES0 *L \ •4k~. £&»„!•*•«•*»• - , J^f^KKHtrW^'Telegrams and Cables: " UNISTEVE," MelbourneSome of the 76 NUTTALL All Geared Head, CENTRELATHES al the R.A.N. Apprentice Training Establishment,"H.M.A.S. Nirimba", Quakers Hill, N.S.W.!* - i\ 5—'/"*«BSfcg/&f*&o l If MODERN TOOLS PTY.LTD.•pi^ - ' T N ^w-«Jf ,*t^ — •'* «-:- » 41 '¥ f '/

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•""THE UNITED SHIP SERVICES PTY. LTD.88-102 Normanby Road. South Melbourne. Victoria. AustraliaMELBOURNE - GEELONG - PORTLANDand all Victorian PortsThe largest organisation in Victoria for the fabrication and installation of fittingsfor every description of cargo. Bulk grain fitting-; a speciality. Dunnagesupplied. Holds cleaned. Decks caulked. All trades available and include:Shipwrights, Carpenters, Joiners,Dockers, Painters, Riggers"'NAVYVol. 25 JULY, 1962 No. SThi* Official Organ of tha Navy League of AustraliaCONTENTSPagePRIZE GIVING Al WILLIAMSTOWN NAVAL DOCKYARD 2APPRENTICES PASS OUT" AT H.M.A.S. NIRIMBA 3MERCHANT SHIPBUILDING IN AUSTRALIA 7ROYAL NAVY ADOPTS COMPUTER 14NEW DEFENCE POLICY IN THE U.K. 15THE BATTLE OF THE RIVER PLATE 19MITCHELL LIBRA28 mm?.SLNiTTelephone: MX 5231Telegrams and Cables: " UNISTEVE," MelbourneCHINESE NAVY 22HIGH HEELS FOR WRANS 23BABCOCKMARINE BOILERS FORA THOUSAND SHIPSo prc.d it-e year record. Over the past 5 yearsBabcock marine boilers hnve been ordered for the mainpropulsion of nearly 1,000 vessels, of up to 87,000 tonsd.w. and for both merchant and naval service, while a growingnumber of ships, including motor vessels, is being equipped*ifh Babcock woter tube boilers for auxiliary service, e.g..supplying steam for hotel services, tank cleaning andmanoeuvring in harbourBABCOCK & WILCOX OF AUSTRALIA PTY.Hlotf Office & Works: Regents Park, N.S.W.LTDi;.fPublished by the Navy League of Australia66 Clarence Street, Sydney, MA 6784, Postal Addrotl Bo. 3150 G.P.O.THE NAVY II 14.11 OF Al VI HAMAGovernor General, His ExcellencyFEDERAL COUNCIL:I'm, dm l Hnr Admiral H. A.Showers. CHE.Deputy President: Lieut Cdr. J. B.Howse. V.R.D.. R.A.N.V.R.Secretary: Lieutenant L. Mackay-Cruise. R A.N.R.New South Waist Divition:Patron: His Excellency The Governorof New South Wales.President: Rear Admiral H. A.Showers. C.B.E.Secretary: Lieut. Cdr. A. A. A.Andrews. M.B.E.. HAN 26 RoyalStreet.. Chatswood. Sydney.Victorian Division:Patron: His Excellency the Governorof Victoria.President: K. York Syme, EsqSecretary: Miss E. C. Shorrocks. 536Collins Street. Melbourne.Representatives of the Naval Board:Director of Naval Reserves. CommanderM. G. Pechey, DSC . R.A.N.Lieut. E. D. SandbergJULY, 1962R A.N.PATEON:. The Right Honourable Viscount De LQueensland Division:Patron: Bis Excellency The Oownurof Queensland.Hon. Sec.: O- B. O'Neill, Esq.. Box376E.. G.PO-. Brisbane.Australian Capital Tsrritory Division:President: Lt. Cdr. J- B. Howse.V.R.D.. R.A.N.V.R.Hon. Sec.: Lieut Cdr. D. M. Blake.RA.N.V.R.. 60 Limestone AvenueAtnslle. ACT.Northern Territory Division:Patron: Kls Honour the Administrator.President: Lt. Cdr. D. Drake. V.R.D,R.A.N.V.R.Hon. Sec.: Mrs. J. Bolton. H.M.A.S.Melville. Darwin. N.T.AUSTRALIAN SEA CADET COUNCIL:Navj League:Rear Admiral H. A. Showers."&».$£C.B.EB. Howse. V.R.D..Isle. V.C.. PC. O.CM.O.. K. StSouth Australian Division:Patron: His Excellency The Governorof South Australia.President: Surgeon Cdr. Sir FrancisMatters. R.A.N.V.R. (Retd.l.Hon. Sec.: R. R. Sutton, Esq.. 30Pllie Street. Adelaide.Tstmanian Division;Patron: Vice Admiral Sir Guy Wyatt.K.B.E.. C.B.. R.N.President: Cdr. A. H. Green. OBI,DSC, R.A.N. (Retd.l.Hon. Sec.: Lt. Cdr. A. K. WerthelmerR A.N.R.. 112 Main Rd.. Llndlsfarne.Hobart.Western Australian Division:Patron: His Excellency The Governorof Western Australia.President: Roland Smith. Esq.Hon. Sec.: K. R. Olson. Esq.. «2Blencowe Street, West Lerdervtlls,W.A.s Representative from each NavyLeague Division, also—S.C. Cdr. L. E. Porsythe.Ueut. Cdr. F. G. Evans, R.A.N.VJtHon. Sec : Lieutenant I- Mackay-Cmlse. R.A.N.R.

•PRIZE GIVING AND RETIREMENT ATWILLIAMSTOWN DOCKYARDHappy moments for Mr. G. Westwoodand Mr. B. Williams as they receivetheir prizes from Rear Admiral K.Urquhart. C.B.E.Westwood was presented with theNaval Board Prize and Williams, the5th Year Prize.APPRENTICES"PASS OUT"Ceremony atH.M.A.S. NIRIMBAThe ceremony marked thecompletion of training inNIRIMBA tor 22 apprenticeswho will join the Fleet as fifthclass artificers.The parade was reveiwedby Rear Admiral Q. ('. Oldham,C.B.E., D.S.I'., Flag Officer inCharge, Kast Australia Area.Speaking at the prize-givingceremony before a largenumber of guests Rear AdmiralOldham said the parade wasone of the best he had witnessed.He felt everyone would agreewith him that K.A.N.A.T.B.was one of the finest establishmentsin the Service."After 42 '•;. years in theR.A.N. I am convinced that itis one of the best dulls in theworld,'' he said.Congratulating the apprentices,Rear Admiral OldhamMr. H. \\. McDonald retired as Secretary/Accountant of WilHamstown Dockyard on May II,after serving for 35 years in the 'Yard.Mr. McDonald joined the staff of the Melbourne Harbour Trust in 1914 and. in 1927. was transferred toWilliamstown Dockyard, which was then owned by the Trust.When the ownership of the Dockyard passed to the R.A.N, in 1942. Mr. McDonald changed his mastersbut not his job.The series of farewell parties given in his honour were highlighted on April 6. when he was guest ofhonour at a dinner at which Mr. T. J. Hawkins. C.B E.. B.A.. LL.B., Secretary. Department of the Navy, waspresent. The General Manager. Captain G. P. Hood, BE.. R.A.N.. presidedMr. McDonald in his time has been associated with the building of many ships, both naval and merchant.He gave distinguished service to the Navy, and is held in high esteem by all who know him.\ proud moment for OrdnanceArtificer K. W. Mnnnings.of Hobart, Tasmania.is he holds the Governor-General's Award presented tohim by Rear Admiral G. C.Oldham. C.B.E., D.S.O.. at thePassing Out Parade held atthe Royal Australian NavalApprentice Training Establishment,H.M.A.S. NIRIMBA. Hisparents, Mr. and Mrs. E.Munnings, journeyed fromHobart to see their son presentedwith the award, one ofthe most coveted prizes to bewon at NIRIMBA.L7^Mtw •SBBBBBBBsV. \ BBBBBBBBBslBSV 1HM IISt-n l *^iBlBBBlBBBBl,a\IfJ ^^L&-Seated at the dinner are Mr. R FUck. Lieutenant I. Holmes, Messrs. R. Smith, H. W. McDonald, Captain G. P.Hood, Messrs. T. J. Hawkins, C.B.E.. Secretary for Nary, J. A. Ferguson and J. H. Davey.2 THE NAVYJULY. Iv&2•BKJVSBBBB!

Urged them to work for theirship and not for themselves.I *v doing this they wouldbuild up team spirit whichwould not nly help their shipand themselves, hut also theK.A..YWelcoming Rear Admiral(Hdham and the guests (heCaptain of II.M.AS. NIRIMBA,Captain K. W. Purves said:Admiral Oldham, Offieial(Jurats, Ladies and (Jentlemen.It is an honour to welcomeyou Sir, and Mrs. Oldham, tothis Passing < Hn

COCKATOO ISLANDDOCKYARDIn tin* building of many warshipsfin the Royal AustralianNavy, Cockatoo Docks amiKnginccring Co. Pty. Limited,has made a notable contrihutiontn tin' Sea Service of Aus-Italia which celebrated its ."tOtliAnniversary last year.Thr Dockyard is proud of itslong associations with the N'avywhich go hai-k over KM years.The first dry dock at t'nckatouwas completed in IR'iH ami thefirst ship II M.S. IIKRAI.I)was docked in December thatyear. I'ntil 1911 thr yard wasoperated by tin- New SmithWales Government when it wasai'ipiiri'il by tin- Commonwealthfor the R.A.N. It was operatedby thr Navy until shortlyafter tin- first World Warwhen it was transferred tn theAustralian Commonwealth ShippingBoard which operated theC o in in ii n w i' a I t h line ofsteamers. In 1933 it was leasedIn tin- Cockatoo Docks amiKugiiiceriiig Company whichwas taken over by the Viikirs({roup in I!I47. Shipbuildingami the docking ami repairs ofships have always been theprincipal activities of theDockyard sim-i* its inception, ofwhich naval work has been alarge proportion. In all. :!:!War-.ships have been constructedat Cockatoo, rangingfrom tin- River Clam DestroversWARREGO. Ill (IN anilSWAN prii.r tn the 1914-18War down tn the I luring Classships VOYAGER ami VAM­PIRE in recent years. Majorunits constructed were theCruisers BRISBANE ami ADE-LAIDE at the end of WorldWar I as well as the sea planecarrier ALBATROSS ill 1930.In addition four sloops werebuilt at Cockatoo at the beginningof World War II andt'uur boom defence vessels, twoRiver Class Frigates and sixCorvettes were handed overprior tn cesaation of hostilities.Tin* tribal Class tlestrnversAKl.NTA. WARRA.MI'NGA,ami ItATAAN were also builtilllling Wnil,I War II anilthese ships hail distinguishedrecords of service in the War.Tin- destroyer TOBRUK wascompleted in 1948, ami thelatest addition In the FleetII M A. S. I'ARRAMATTA,Type 12 Ant i • s u b m a r i Ii eFrigate, was completed anilhanded over tn the Navy lastyear.It is nl' interest that in theFleet Review held on l.'ith•lime. 1961, of lie- II shipswhich made such an impressiveentry into Sydney Harbour.Cockatoo Dockyard hail builtsix. viz.. VOYAGER. VAM­PIRE. UARCOO, WARREGO.SWAN ami I'ARRAMATTA.tin- latter Hying the Red F.nsignas it was still under controlnl' the builders. The Ql'l-HERON in this assembly alsohad I a partly reconstructedat Cockatoo in I95B.I'ntil the opening nl' theCaptain Cook Dock in I94.*i thedockings ^i' the AustralianFleet were always carried nutat Cockatoo, as well as manymajor repairs ami refits. Theseincluded extensive repairsalter action damage tn theCruisers ACSTRALIA amiIIOHART. Considerable repairswere carried nut also to manyAllied ships, including severalAmerican Cruisers. Cockatuuu\^-v the yiars has built up aproud record for the expertmanufacture of turbines amiboilers ami has supplied theseitems tn Williamstowti NavalI kyanl for il

Inland, Newcastle, Cook at oo very keen and the structuralDocks, Sydney, Williamstown weaknesses of tin* infant industryDockyard. Victoria ami Poolein A i ist ralia were dis­A: Steel. Adelaide.closed. The local steelworks.Between 1 •» 1 f* ami 19*4 the which were still in the developmentalaboveinentHiiiiul yards limit 2tstage, could onlyvessels. aggregating 1.19.600 supply sertional parts andtons d.w. Thf programme comprisedsix "I**" an«l VI "K"Class freighter}*, eaeh approximate!*li.tHXi tons d.vv.. and theframings and this necessitatedthe importation of rolled platefrom the luitcd Kinudum andthe I'nited States of America.FORDSDAL.E and KKRN A similar position existed inDALK. eaeh approximately regard to components, (he12,K

Progress of Merchant ShipConstructionThe ('oiiummvvcHltli fmv.Miiiiwiiimvingfed a* a eomnteBrementof its shipbuilding progrume the eonstmetion

- - .-—.- -v-rr-tr«- ' -a special significance. This wasrecognised during the recentwar years when shipbuildingand ship repairs were accorded"absolute" priority in manpowerand materials. The pariplayed by the industry wasvital to the successful maintenanceof supply lines. Themovement of men, materialsof war and basic materialsrests, as does the mobility ofthe Navy, upon the strengthof the mercantile Meet. Afurther factor contributing tthe need for a strong merchantshipbuilding industry is theprecision required in Navalconstruction, which calls forworkmen of skill and experiencebeyond that possessed bydilutee labour. The averagepeace - time programme ofNaval vessels only would notpermit continuity of employmentin more than one shipyardin Australia; consequentlythere must be a reservoirfrom which skilled mencan be drawn when requiredand the only sources fromwhich these could come arethe shipyards in which continuity»f employment existsby virtue of merchant shipbuildingand repair work.The growth of heavy andsecondary industries has notbeen matched by a similargrowth in transport facilities.The need for more ships, particularlyof the bulk carriertype, ami the replacement ofaverage tonnage arc essentialif the national development isnot to be retarded. Shipyardsin Australia are capable offurther expansion and couldcope with the requirements ofthe coastal trade. The questionof capital outlay in shipyards,however, is one which exercisesthe minds of the variousprivate companies, which needthe assurance of a long-rangeprogramme before makingcommitments tor additionalfacilities and equipment. The12Commonwealth Governmenthas taken cognizance of thisand has placed orders for bulkand ore carriers, and specialisedvessels which keep theindustry going for a furthertwo or three years.(her the past ten years therehas been a serious decline inthe volume of general cargocarried on the Australiancoast due largely to competitionfrom rail, road and tosome extent air transport. Thishas led to the elimination ofmost of the small coastalvessels engaged on intrastatetrades. The outlook for theYards with the capacity ofbuilding only the smaller typeof vessel is. therefore, notencouraging.The tendency today is forshipowners to build specialisedvessels ami larger ore and hulkcarriers. Before the war therewere no bulk carriers over7.0(H) tons d.w. on the Australiancoast. Ore carriers nowbeing built are of 16.400.19,000 ami 21,400 tons d.w.,and The Broken Hill Pty. Co.Ltd. is considering vessels of40.000 tons d.w. for its futureprogramme.It is conceded that Australianshipbuilding costs arehigh in comparison with the1'nitcd Kingdom, but theycompare more than favourablywith a number of foreigncountries. In an endeavour toobtain parity with the UnitedKingdom costs, the CommonwealthGovernment is atpresent subsidising shipownersby paying a subsidy of up to33-1/8 per cent, of Australiancosts.It is known that the shipbuildingindustry in practicallyevery country is receivingassistance of some kind orother and with the high standardof living which exists in(Continued on page 17)V ESSELNo. NameS.T.AM 35 P. J AdamsOCB.37BUS 38BHS.39UC40UC.41ANP.220MPC42ANB.45L.H.68L.H.69L.H.70NSV.71M.S.72A.T.12A.T.13P.S.43ASR.59C.V.70J AUSMittagongKangarooCape DonCape PillarJoe MannThe LukeArlnyaqaIonOl ikt r. 1,660.000 c1 iil>Bl re CarrierHu •e Carrier(.'I Vehicle.I ofta :SvBlLiLiNl lu veyE< e:I'i Ti : 60/Li ri 4 6CPi In s Survey 100'AiMIA N I iHIPBUII .DING BOARDIPBUILDIN G PRC )GRAMME AS A T 1st JUNI. 1962rn

- . - — •ROYAL NAVY ADOPTS COMPUTER£20 MILLION STOCK LIST TO COPE WITHA L j million computer installationfor the Royal Navy«'HN officially opened by thecivil Lord of the Admiraltyi Mr. C. I. Orr-Ewing, O.B.E.,.M.I', i nt the K.N. Store Depot.t'openaere, Wiltshire, on Thursday,June 14. 1962.It is hoped that when theinstallation is in full operationthere will be a considerable savingand increase of efficiency intin* organisation of electronicstores for the Klect.NICOL BROS. PTY. LTD.ALL CLASSES OF STEAM, DIESELAND GENERAL ENGINEERINGBOILERMAKERS, OXY ACETYLENEAND ELECTRIC WELDERSPLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL WORK10-20 WESTON ST., BALMAIN EAST'Phones: 82 0367 (3 lines)After Hours: 76 948S, 86 3225, 36 5708To " The- Navy,"Box 3850, O.P.O.,Sydney, NSW.NameStreetTownDateMOM. not. tt»t .11N.w iiiMcrlbon .ftorr.m.ining up to .ndJanvory will b. pott.cSUBSCRIPTION FORM1 endow 23/- fc H Annual Subscription to "Tl w Novy,"post feso, common dng January, 1961.State.mw.l lubicriptiom now C M HJ.nu.ry ihould i*nd only l/lncludtnq Oocmb.r. Ot+t.rwii.tUMforbidill Ja«uiry.••ehmontricopiti freni-The computer will keep adaily stock record of overiiO.000 electronic stores items,which range from half-ouncetransistors to seven-ton radaraerials, pinpointing immediatelyany fluctuations insupply and demand.In terms of labour, the installationwill be operated by astaff of 25 and should eventuallylead to a net staff savingof about KM).As an example of the savingin time, tin- assessment of requirementsfor 8,500 electronicitems for a guided missiledestroyer like II..M.S. Devonshire— which now takes abouteight weeks - - will be assessedby the computer as part of thenormal processing work withinthree days.In this example, in additionto giving a complete list of the8,500 different items needed.the computer also gives warningof impending shortages instock.Called the Kim,Ire 11(H). thecomputer includes several magnetictape units which willwork (nit complete lists of components— up to several hundred— needed for all radio,asdic and radar sets, look upthe stock record, confirmavailability, debit the stockrecord and prepare printed invoicesfor the items to bedespatched to the ships.The R.N. Store Departmentemploys some 16,000 peopleserving in Admiralty establishmentsashore and in Royal FleetAuxiliaries attoat. and is responsiblefor the provision andsupply of over half-a-milliondifferent items ranging fromflags and furniture to aircraftspares and anchors.A fleet of over 4.000 vehiclesis also operated by the Department,which dates back asa self-contained organisationwithin the Admiralty to theappointment of the first "Clerkof the Stores" in 1542.THE NAVYTHE NEW DEFENCE POLICYPart 1.•y REACTOR in the United Kingdom Magazine The Navy"The Defence White PaperFor weeks before its publicationdefence correspondents (iross National Product. Thistotal of seven per cent, of the(including the writer) had is the amount of the country'sbeen busy forecasting the resources which the Cabinet islikely contents of the I9fi8 prepared to allocate to defenceDefence White l'aper and ill spending in the current economicstate of the nation, andtin' process providing Mr.Watkinson with a wealth of all estimates are thereforeideas about the future role of tailored to fit this overallthe British armed forces. figure. The resulting compromisescan be seen on almostSweeping changes in theorganisation of the Services every page of the White Paperhad been widely forecast and and tile final picture is oneit was confidently expected which cannot fail to causethat the end of national alarm to anyone with theservice, together with the need interests of his country atto streamline the whole defencestructure would result adherence to a financial totalheart. For what this strictin a document of more than has revealed, finally and conclusively,is that it is im­usual interest. There had alsobeen much speculation as to possible for Britain to continuehow the British Government to maintain her independentwould react to the mounting contribution to the nucleardemands from the N.A.T.O. deterrent of the WesternAlliance, and no' least from Powers and at the same timethe Pentagon, for an increase provide conventional forces ofin conventional forces in the necessary shape and sizeEurope in order to raise the to meet our world-widethreshold of nuclear war. and national commitments, andthus obtain in the dramatic also to honour our undertakingsto the various allianceswords of President Kennedy"a choice between humiliation of which we are members, andand holocaust."particularlv our contributionto N.A.T.O.In the event the DefenceWhite Paper proved to be a This is the main conclusiondisappointment, equivocal in to be drawn from a study ofits answers to the (treat questionssurrounding our defence the White Paper neverthelessthe new defence policy, butproblems and lacking the decisionsnecessary to build a posals. In a previous articlecontains some interesting pro-realistic defence policy in the some suggestions were madelight of the many complex about a possible reorganisationof the Ministry of Defenceconditions of today. To a muchgreater extent than in previous and the Service Ministriesyears the emphasis is on the with the object of obtainingeconomic facts of life. "Ourobject," says the White Paper,JULY, 1942"is not to cut defence expenditure,but to contain it"; tocontain it. that is. within nan integrated Joint War Staffat the highest level and anefficient and economic chainof command for our operationalforces. Here the Ministerhas made a tentative beginningbut further advance has probablybeen cheeked by thetraditionalists, and inter-Service difficulties appear tohave baulked his initiative justwhere a bold and comprehensiveplan was most needed."The main concept of theWhite Paper," said Mr. Watkinsonin the Defence Debatein the House of Commons, "isthe concept of unified command,joint Service operations,and greater mobility andhitting power." Unified command— but not in Whitehall:the relationship betweenthe Ministry of Defence andthe three Service ministriesremains virtually unchanged.The setting-up of a new JointService Staff ill the Ministryof Defence to advise the Chiefsof Staff on all aspects of jointService operations will certainlyimprove the machineryfor inter-Service planning,whilst the execution of agreedinter-Service operations willnow be supervised from dayto day by a small operationalstaff manning the DefenceMinistry war room on a jointService basis. But the Naval,General, and Air Staffs remainin existence in their separateoffices, and they will be ableto object to, or even to veto,the work of the new joint staff.Streamlined forces need astreamlined defence organisationto plan and control theiremployment. Let us hope thatthe Minister will be able tomake further progress towardshis stated objective of unifiedIf

•command before the nextelection.The delay* and evident diflReultiesin establishing the newunified command for our forcesin the Far fowl again reflectobjections to the proposal,especially by the local Commanders-in-Chiefin Singapore,In last year's White Taper theestablishment of a unified com­"•"'Quality Goods needmand in the Par Kast was"under consideration"; twelvemonths later and after visitsto the area both by the formerChief of the Imperial (ienernlStaff, and now by Mr. Watktnsouhimself, the new commandhas still not been set up norH Supreme Commander appointed.Vet. as 1 have pointedout so often ill these articles,without an efficient unifiedcommand organisation it willbe impossible to operate theJoint Service Task Forceswhich are now rijrhtly seen tobe the future core of ourMiddle ami Kar Bastern forces.Nevertheless some constructive,it minor, steps have beentaken to improve the commandorganisation; the long-rangecommunications systems of thethree Services arc to he integratedand a common signalsprocedure evolved. Clearly thiswill lead to increased efficiencyand greater flexibility, at tinsametime ensuring that theMeCORQUODALES CROWN FLOURSuppliersTHE IIOVAI. \l VTIIAIJA.V \AVVMcCORQUODALE BROS. Pty. Ltd.Valentine Avenue, Parramatm Phone: 635 SS04lomaximum use is made of theavailable facilities. Tin* amountof joint Service training atstaff colleges is to be increasedand officers introduced tointer-Service problems at anearlier stage in their careersthan before This will build upthe understanding attitude soessential to smooth co-operationbetween the Services.Finally, the White Paperadmits that *'there may wellbe scope for further rationalisationof the administrativeand support functions of' theServices in the interests ofeconomy and efficiency," anda committee is being set upio study the whole question.Here indeed is a ray of hope.for if this committee is allowedto do its work properly, itsrecommendations could wellform the basis for thoseeconomies in civilian administration,especially in Whitehall,without which our forcescan never ''unction to the bestadvantage.The concept of the .JointService Task Force for tperationseast oi Suez is introducedin the White Paper for thefirst time, but the economicrestrictions already referred towill cause delays in the formationof the first of these forces.Although a second assault shipis to be built, there is to beno shortening of the four-yearperiod required to completeSOUTHERN FROZEN FOODSMANUKA, ACT. - Telephone: 91189 CANBERRASouthern Frozen Foods can supply a very wide selection of all types of snapfrozen foods. Only top quality lines are handled and each product is guaranteed.We are suppliers of snap frozen foods to a great number of hotels, restaurants,colleges, hospitals, etc. We are contractors to various Commonwealth GovernmentDepartments and we are proud of our association with the Royal AustralianNavy. We give our immediate attention to all enquiries. Write or 'phone forour list of top quality snap frozen foods.these ships and so it will he1966 before the first one isavailable to replace the slowand ageing Amphibious WarfareSquadron of today. In thesame way, although. II.M.S.ALBION will commission thissummer as the second Commandoship, at first she willonly lie able tu replace II.M.S.M'l.WAKK whilst the latteris taken in hand for a muchneededrefit. Tims our amphibiouscapability in the potentiallydangerous Persian Gulfarea will remain virtually imehaugedfor some years torome.It had been widely forecastthai this year's Estimateswould include provision forthe first of a new generationof aircraft carriers and therehas been some disappointmentover the further delay in thismatter implicit in the decisiononly to put the necessarydesign work for a new classof ship in hand. But the WhitePaper also refers to futuregenerations of vertical andshort take off and landingaircraft for the Royal AirForce which will also he ableto operate from aircraftcarriers, and the basic featuresof any new carrier mustobviously depend very largelyon these revolutionary typesof aircraft which will beembarked in them. It looks asif we are likely to require atype of floating air basecarrying the maximum numberof the new planes and relyingon the accompanying guidedweapon destroyers for defenceagainst close range air attack.Despite the welcome improvementin recent recruitingfigures for all the Services, theArmy has abandoned its targetof a total of 182,000 regularvolunteers as too high, and asa result the Navy has beenallowed to recruit to a higherfigure than had at first beenagreed. A total ol 95.000 forthe Royal Navy ami RoyalMarines is now in mind and anew Marine Commando isalready being formed as aresult of this increase. Thusthe end of national serviceappears likely to benefit theRoyal Navy more than it willthe other Services.During the Defence debatethe real value of our strategicdeterrent force was widelyquestioned, and with both theLabour and Liberal partiesnow officially committed to apolicy of gradually phasingout the British deterrent whenthe Vulcan/Sky bolt systembecomes obsolete, it looks asif we shall hear a great ilealmore on this subjectthe coming months.duringSlowly but inevitably we areapproaching the moment whenthe great decisions about thefuture defence policy of thiscountry must be faced. Do wewish to remain a great militarypower? Are we prepared tomake the necessary sacrificesto do so? What defencesystem is best suited to membershipof the B.K.C.f Theanswers will not he easy tofind; unfortunately, the 1962Defence White Paper doesnothing to signpost the way.(To he Concluded)MOVE OF40COMMANDO40 Commando Royal Marines(Lieutenant Colonel D. P. L.Hunter, M.C.. R.M.) weremoved from Malta to Singaporein April, 1962, in orderto provide a second Commandoto operate with the Commandoship ll.M.S. BULWARK. Themove is a routine one designedto improve the operationalflexibility of the Commandoships. Families will be able togo with the unit.Formed in February. 1942.40 Commando took part in theDieppe Raid in August of thatyear and suffered heavycasualties. In July. 1943, theCommando landed in Sicily —the first seaborne troops intoEurope — and later took partin the Anzio landings andoperations in Italy and Yugoslavia.In 194K. 40 Commandobecame part of the 3rd CommandoBrigade Royal Marinesand it has been abroad continuouslysince then, engagedin garrison and internalsecurity duties. The Commandohas seen service in Hong Kong,Malaya. Palestine, Cyprus, theCanal Z and Malta.SHIPBUILDING IN AUSTRALIA(Continued from page 12)Australia, it is inevitable thatsuch a competitive industry asshipbuilding must receive Governmentassistance until suchtime as it is established on acompetitive basis.As a result of the CommonwealthGovernment's policy ofsubsidising shipowners, anorder was placed on 28thFebruary. 19. r >8. through theAustralian Shipbuilding Boardby Ampol Petroleum Ltd., forthe construction of a supertanker of 32.250 tons d.w. tobe built at the yard of TheBroken Hill Pty. Co. Ltd.,Whyalla, South Australia.This will be the largest shipever built in Australia and willbe completed about October,1962.IJULY. 1962_

on the KENT. When 1 enquired the reason hegave tin- following very interesting explanation."At the Dogger Bank action one of tin*German battle cruisers was nearly lost throughHash descending through the turret trunk tothe handing room, which might well haveblown up the magazine. Tin- Hermann learntthe lesson and promptly fitted an anti-flashcontrivance. No such hit occurred on ourbattle cruisers either at the Falkland* orDogger Hank, and we were consequentlyunaware of the danger till three of themblew up at Jutland, and a fourth the LION—nearly did so—after which we took similarsteps to the (Jennaus, as we should certainlyhave done after the Kalklands had such ahit occurred."MEETING WITH HARWOOD OX THESOUTHAMPTON IN MONTEVIDEO WHENHOMEWARD BOUND, JULY. 1!»1«)The above, then, was my very distant connectionwith the Hat ties of Corouel ami theKalklands at that time, hut it is perhaps worthrecalling that 4! years later, 1 left BuenosAires on dune 30, the (lay the Treaty of Versailleswas signed. I had embarked at La Plataon the old Houlder Line steamer EL PARA(Jl'VO carrying frozen meat and as she stayedin Montevideo some '.\ days 1 had ample opportunityto observe the SOUTHAMPTON, whichwas famous as having taken part in the Battleof .Jutland as the flagship of Admiral SirWilliam Qoodenough and had been badlydamaged.SPRINGS FOR INDUSTRY AND DEFENCESome form of spring is incorporated in tin*design of almost every mechanism. It is certainlyone of the uldest mechanical forms. The varietyof springs required for modern industry is everincreasing;with every development in thesteady advance of mechanisation a new type ofspring, or a variation of an older type, is quicklymade available in quantity by experiencedspring-makers operating machine tools the basicdesign of which dates back to the eighteenthcentury.The first machine tool designed for the productionof coil springs is still in existence. Itwas one of the first machine tools invented.In 1784, Joseph Bramah. a Yorkshire lad,patented an improved lock. He realised that hislock could not come into general use under theconditions then existing. So he set himself toalter the conditions. He had the vision to seethat his lock must be machine made, and he castaround for the best mechanic available to helphim design and build the necessary machinetools. He was fortunate in having recommendedto him young Henry Maudslay. from WoolwichArsenal.Between them, nine years after the inventionof the first machine tool, they developed all themachine tools necessary to manufacture thelocks successfully and profitably. There are stillin existence some of the machines they employed :among them the indexing sawing machine, thenibbling machine used for cutting the slots inthe key, and the spiral spring winding machine.In lxs:». Mr. John While started springmaking in Sydney. Today, under his son. Mr.John W. While, the firm has achieved thefounder's ambition to be a major supplier ofprecision springs for Australia's expandingindustries.J. WHILE & SONPTY. LTD.Established 1885• SPRINGMANUFACTURERSCRYSTAL STREET, PETERSHAMLM6331LM6331THENAVYIShe was then engaged on a cruise round thewhole of South America under Admiral SirThomas Hunt, C-iu-C South American Station.ltH!t-l!*2(l. and the torpedo officer on hoard wasnone other than Lieutenant Henry llarwood.whom I must have net with a number of otherofficers ;it a sherry party given for them by theBritish community. liarwood's special friendamong his fellow officer* on the SOUTHAMP­TON was Lt. Kdelsteu. who now as Admiral ofthe fleet Sir .lohu II. Edelstcn. G.C.B., has been

CHINAChinese ('41111 m unist warshipsmay be s«*nt TO the Mediterraneanin the lM'ar future.According to tin* CommunistChinese Party magaziuc, " K*M1Flair."' tht* vrarsbipN will escortChinese nerebanl vwutela takingsupplies to Albania. Thismove follows tht* formation ofa Sinn Albanian Shipping Company."Red Flag;*' Npeaks ofthe rompany as giving eeonomiesecurity to tht* "heroic Albanianpeople"'! According toone report. "Red Klajr" alsostates that "It would be foolishnot to supplement this with thesecurity for vessels belongingto the company.'*If China docs send navalvessels into the Mediterranean.it seems certain that they willbe baaed at Valona. the chiefover the horizon. The Germans had made a verythorough job of it. She burnt fiercely with smallexplosions every few minutes as the flamesreached some new compartment, presumablycontaining explosives. Towards midnight weapproached within a few miles of the pyre, ant)then turned away and resumed our variouspatrols. That night we relaxed and misbehavedourselves ami. for the first time, neglected ourdawn action stations. And thai was that.The following briefer description of the saintperiodwas contained in a letter to the Compilerfrom Captain E. I). (J. Lewin. who as CommanderLevin was pilot of the A.JAX aircraft:I personally found the first two days patrollingoff the Plate after SPEE had enteredMontevideo particularly trying. We were allkeeping wateh-and-watch and. additionally.Kearney and I did a dawn pntrol over the Plate22Albanian port. This base wasformerly used by six submarinesof the Soviet Navy.which were ordered out lastJune, a few mouths before theHnal split in diplomatic relationsbetween Russia and Albania.Reactions to this news seemto have been slow, but Yugoslavofficials in Belgrade scoffedat the idea that the supplyships would need protection.Yujrosliiv opinion is th;.t therumour was circulated tobolster Albania s positionagainst the present wave ofRussian attacks.Russia, too, is searching fora new naval base in the Mediterranean.President Nasser ofKgypt recently denied reportsthttl Russian Naval vessels werebaaed in Egypt. For sometime now it has been suggestedthat Russian submarines, amipossibly surface vessels, arebased at Sue/, and Alexandria.When the Russians lost theirnaval base in Albania it seemedlogical that they should turnlo Egypt ami ask for theseprivileges.In recent months though, relationsbetween Kgypt anilRussia have been far fromcordial.. -._ .KEEL LAYING OFGUIDED MISSILEDESTROYERThe keel of the fifth guidedmissile destroyer of theCounty class was laid at theGoran, Glasgow, yard of theFairfield Shipbuilding and KngineeringCo. Ltd., on Thursday,31st May.When it is subsequentlylaunched, the ship will benamed FIFE.The main machinery contractorsare the Fairfield Shipbuildingand Kngineering Co.Ltd.. who will also manufacturethe main gear boxes. Themain engines, consisting • >.'(J.6. gas turbines and steamturbines, are being manulaeturetl by Harland and WolffLtd. of Belfast under licencefrom Associated Electrical Industries,Trafford Park. Manchester.The FIFE will be equippedwith the Mark 2 Sensing.which is an improved versionof the ship-to-air weapon atpresent being installed in thefirst four ships of the class.This will be the first timean II.M. Ship will bear thename FIFE. the principlebeing followed by the AdmiraltyShips' Names Committeewhen recommendingthese County class names isto spread I hem territoriallythroughout the country, payingparticular attention toareas of Naval, general shippingor other special interest.t«> make sun SPKK had not sailed overnight—this, of course, before the quite excellent reportingsystem off Montevideo had become established.I was so tired by this time that I wasconstantly falling asleep in the air. which wasnot gtmtl for either Kearney's or my nervoussystems.Of the actual scuttling. I do not know if thegrandstand view which we had from the air wasmore impressive than it was from the ground.but it was quite Wagnerian. SPEE was silhouettedagainst the sun. which to us had notyet set, and the fantastic series of explosionswith which she destroyed herself still stick inmy mind. On return to the Cruiser Squadron.Kearney and I were much incensed by beingkept waiting while it got darker and darker,and it was not until after we had landed amiACHILLES steamed past in the midst of a massMaori war dance that we appreciated the veryhigh spirits which our squadron mates were in.THENAVYHIGH HEELS FOR WRANSHeathen of the Women'sRoyal Australian Naval Serviceare to be allowed to wearhigh heel shoes with theiruniforms.The Minister for the Navy.Senator Gorton, said that thetash ion change had beenapproved for use in certaincircumstances. However, highheel shoes would be anoptional extra for the Wrans,am] would not be part of theService's clothing allowance.(living details of the fashionconcession, the Director of theW.R.A.X.s.. Chief Officer JoanStreeter. said thai Wranswould be abb* to wear highheel shoes with their uniformsexcept when actually on dutyat Naval establishments. Onthese occasions they wouldusually be wearing theirworking dress, and would continueto wear flat heel shoes.The flat heel shoes would alsobe uniform dress for all ceremonialoccasions.Chief Officer Streeter saidthe decision on hi*-h heel shoeswas expected to appeal tofashion-conscious girls in theService. The shoes approvedby the Service would havemedium high heels, and exaggeratedstyles would not bepermitted. The Wrans couldwear white high heel shoes inthe summer, ant I black courtshoes with their winter uniforms.One of the first officialappearances of tin* new Wranfashion was at the CombinedServices Display in Sydney,when Wrans on duty worehigh heel shoes.P&O COMMODORE CHIEFENGINEER RETIRESThe retirement is announcedof Mr. I>. C. Campbell, CommodoreChief Engineer of theV & O Steam Navigation Companv.Mr. Campbell's Inst shipWHS' the 29.664-ton ARCADIA.in which he served from.March. I960, until March ofthis vear.Mr. J. \V. I!. Towlcr. ChiefEngineer of the 24,000-tonCHUSAX, hiis been appointedCommodore Chief Engineer tosucceed Mr. Campbell,Daniel Colin Campbell wasborn on 27th April. 1902. atBarrhead. Renfrewshire; hishome is now at Worthing,Sussex. He served his apprenticeshipwith Alexander Chapman& Co. and Dunsmere &Jackson Ltd., and joined P &JULY, 1962. . ._O in 1925 as Assistant Engineerin the 7.912-ton CHINA.During the years prior to thewar, he served in variousP & 0 cargo ships, and hadone spell of duty as FourthEngineer of the famous passengerliner RAWALPINDI.which was later sunk in theepic action bv the Germanbattleships S( HARNHORSTand GNELSENAU.In August, 19.18. Mr. Campbellwas appointed Third Engineerin CANTON. Thefollowing year he was servingin the same capacity inMALOJA when war wasdeclared. He signed Admiraltypapers, and did not return tothe Company's service untilOctober. 1946.AT YOU* SERVICEfor YourHolidayRequirementsINFORMATION ANDBOOKINGSCall or TelephoneHOWARD SMITH TRAVELCENTRESSYDNEY:247 Gaorga Straat Talaphona: 27 SillMELBOURNE532 Cotllni Strict T.lephor,.' 42 37MPOUT ADELAIDE:3 Todd Strut Talaphona: 4 1441FKEMANTLE:I Mouatt Straat T.l.phon. L 1071NEWCASTLE:14 Watt Strut T.l.phor, t: 2 4711CAIKNS:II Abbott Strati Talaphona: 21 IS/4BALLARAT:cnr. Lyd

SEA CADETS I'NDERTRAININGSea Cadets from Canberraunder training at H.M.A.S.Penguin in Sydney.More stories from SeaCadets would be appreciated.The object of the Navy League in Australia, like sea training to and instilling naval training in boysits older counterpart, the Navy League in Britain, who intend to serve in Naval or Merchant servicesis to insist by all means at its disposal upon the and also to those sea-minded boys who do notvital importance of Sea Power to the British intend to follow a sea career, but who, given thisCommonwealth of Nations. The League sponsors knowledge, will form a valuable Reserve forthe Australian Sea Cadet Corps by giving technical the Naval Service.The 1 .*•;*iin•- consists of Fellows (Annual or IJfe) and Associates.All British subjects who signify approval to the objects of the League are eligible.MAY WE ASK YOU TO JOIN and swell our members so that the Navy League in Australia may bewidely known and • xercise an important influence in the life of the Australian Nation?For particulars, contact The Secretary, 66 Clarence Street, Sydney, N.S.W.or The Secretary, Room 8, 8th Floor, S28 Collins Street, Melbourne, C.l, Victoriaor one of the Hon. Secretaries at:• Box 376E, G.P.O., Brisbane, Queensland • 30 Pirie Street, Adelaide, S.A.• 726 Sandy Bay Rd., Lower Sandy Bay, Hobart • 62 Blencowe St., West Leederville, W.A.• P.O. Box 90, Darwin, N.T. • 60 Limestone Ave., Ainslie, Canberra, A.C.T.THE NAVY

seaTHE BROKENis a good life, better than everbefore, and in the MerchantNavy, mote modern ships areappearing on the AustralianRegister each year.In addition to operating itsown fleet of cargo vessels, theBH.P. Co. Ltd. has Australia'slargest shipbuildingyard at Whyalla. thereby prov.dingemployment lor a widevariety of trades and professions. . . producing thesteel, building the ships, thensailing them, surely a widespreadand vital national•project.AND SUBSIDIARIESHILL PROPRIETARY CO. LTDPrinted by Sr-lpp'-q Newspapers Ltd.. 14 Bond Street. Sydney

AUGUST. 1962aH^^f***-w* V'4tIrm '"?Jf*L 'W^Jk »

THE NAVYMITCl-'.S .LICRARYUMclVol. 25 AUGUST, 1962 No. 6The Official Organ of the Navy League of AustraliaCONTENTSPageGRADUATION PARADE AT ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVAL COLLEGE,ADDRESS BY CHIEF Of NAVAL STAFF 3RETORT IY CAPTAIN E. J. PEEL _. 7REAR ADMIRAL G. G. 0. GATACRE _ 9INTERNATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC CONFERENCEIIJAPANESE SELF DEFENCE FO*CE VISIT _ 12BROTHERS TO COMMAND SISTER SHIPS 15FIFTY YEARS OF SERVICE FLYING _ _ _ 19WOVEN INTO OUR WAY OF LIFEIn carts, coaches and on foot, wheeling barrows, the goldL seekers climbed the rugged mountain passes and raced eachother to the rich strikes beyond. The growth of our countryis closely linked with the great discoveries of gold. The romance of the diggings is part ofour folk lore, woven into the Australian way of life. The pioneer Australian Company,Bradford Cotton Mills Limited, is proud of its association with the developmentof Australia — proud of the part the Company and its products have played inthe work done yesterday to build our privileged todays and tomorrows. In thefuture, as in the past, the men who build Australiawill wear workclothes made fromBradmill Drill.llaDMILl Mill • » *ede '" Mttflll »TIRADFORD COTTON MILLS LIMITED. » Po.rtjmaMo•Mtf. C.itipertown, N.5 W. LA 0477.31 Queen Streel. Mflssuffte, VwUnr A2-4351.(y/^vAAAVwyvx\//v'>vvs/ *^s A/ 1Published by Hie Navy League of Australia66 Clarence Street, Sydney, MA 8784. Postal Adress, Box 3850, GP.O.Printed by Jno. Evans A Son Priming Co. Ply. Ltd.. 486 Kent Street, Sydney. 'Phone: MA 2674.THE VII > LEAGUE OF AUSTRALIAPATRON:The Governor General, His Excellency. The Right Honourable Viscount Dc Lisle, V.C., P.C., G.C.M.G., Kl. of St. J.FEDERAL COUNCIL:President: Rear Admiral H. A. Showers,Deputy President: Lieut. Cdr. J. BMowsc. V.R.D.. R.A.N.V.R.Secretary: Lieutenant L. Mackay-Cruise,R A.N.R.New South Wales Division:Patron: His Excellency, The Governorof New SIILIII Wales.Presides*: Read Admiral H. A.Showers, C.B.E.Secretary: Lieut. Cdr. A. A. A.Andrews. M.H.I... R.A.N.. 28 RoyalStreet, Chatswood, Sydney.Victorian Division:Patron: His Excellency. The Governorof Victoria.President: R. H. Collins. Esq.Secretary: Miss E. C. Shorrocks. 528Collins Street, Melbourne.Representatives of the Naval Board:Director of Naval Reserves. CommanderM. G. Pechey. DSC. R.A.N.Lieut. E. D. Sandberg. R.A.N.AUGUST, 1962Queensland Division:South Australian Division:F*l>on:_ His Excellency, The Governor Patron: His Excellency. The Governorof Queensland.of South Australia.President: Cdr. N. S. Pixley. M.B.E.. President: Surgeon Cdr. Sir FrancisV.R.D.. R.A.N.R. (Retd.J.Matters. R.A.N.V.R. (Retd.).Hoa. Sec.: G. B. O'Neill. Esq.. Box Hoa. Sec.: R. R. Sutton. Esq.. 30376E.. G.P.O.. Brisbane.Pirie Street. Adelaide.Australian Capital Territory Division:President: Lt. Cdr. J. B. Howsc.V.R.D.. R.A.N.V.R.Hon. Sec.: Lieut. Cdr. D. M. Blake.R.A.N.V.R.. 60 Limestone Avenue.Ainslie, ACT.Northern Territory Division:Patron: His Honour the Administrator.President! O. S. Cameron. Esq.Hon. Sec: Mrs. V. M. Slide, cH.M.A.S. "Melville". Darwin. N.T.AUSTRALIAN SEA CADET COUNCIL:Navy Leaf**:Rear Admiral H. A. Showers. C.B.E.Lieut. Cdr. J. B. Howse. V.R.D.,R.A.N.V.R.Tasmanian Division:Patron: Vice Admiral Sir Guy Wyatt.K.B.E.. C.B.. R.N.President: Cdr. A. H. Green. O.B.E.,D.S.C.. R.A.N. (Retd.).Hon. Sec.: Lt. Cdr. A. K. Werthelmer.R.A.N.R.. 112 Main Rd.. Ltndisfarnc.Hobart.Western Australian Division:Patron: His Excellency. The Governorof Western Australia.President: Roland Smith. Esq.Hon. Sec.: K R. Olson Esq., 62Blencowe Street. West Leederville,W.A.A Representative from each Navy LeagueDivision, also—S.C. Cdr. L. E. Forsythe.Lieut. Cdr. F. O. Evans. R.A.N.V.R.Hoa. Sec.: Lieutenant L. Mackav-Crufsc. R.A.N.R.1

Discovery and. . . discovery of Terramycin* after screening I00.1KI0 soilsamples . . . discovery of Tetracyn* (the original tetracycline)and other antibiotics . . . demonstration of broadscopeantibiotic combination now linding clinical applicationin Synermycin . . . development of the first practical methodof deep vat fermentation which has assured a world-widesufficiency of antibiotics—behind all these are the scientistsin the Pfizer research laboratoriesFrom their ceaseless searching and probing comes a neverendingflow of Pfizer therapeutic agents—bringing the fruitsof research to all humanity—inspiring confidence andspeeding recovery wherever people are afflicted, whereverphysicians practise.IDevelopmentSI M KMVt INICRRAMYC INItlRACYN \I IKKA-l ORIRII.DbXIA-CORIRILI ORIRIIDIABINESEVITERRA RANl.LOF VITAMINSDARICONA I ARAXNIAMIDTYZINEVISINUIOC I.ASKMIDSHIPMENGRADUATEAt a colourful graduation ceremony at Icrvis Bay on the 20th July, twentyyoung Australians and New Zealandcrs became the first Midshipmen to completethe new training programme at the Royal Australian Naval College.The College has raised its academic standards, and the overall patternDI Officer training has been revised, to produce Officers specially prepared tocope with the complex "missile age" Navy.For the first lime lor nearly twenty years. Cadets graduating From theNaval College wore the distinctive white collar patches of Midshipmen.Under the new training .scheme, they will spend a year as Midshipmen inthe Australian Fleet before continuing their Officer training in Britain.About four hundred guests, including the Chiefs of Staff of the Army andAir Force, watched the graduation ceremony at the Royal Australian NavalCollege.ADDRESS GIVEN Blf VICE-ADMIRAL W. H. HARRING­TON, C.B., C.B.E., D.S,0,Your Excellency, my fellowduels f Staff, Cadets about toGraduate, Distinguished Guests,Admiral Gatacre, Captain Peel,Ladies and Gentlemen.May I lirst thank Captainhave.iiulPeel lor his interesting and enagingReport You will re-tourcallPeelthat in his Re|>ort, Captainsaiil "it is necessary toOfficers who are leaders,"he mentions certain changeswhi< h have been made to meetthis aim. I give yon this quotafroinhis Report becausetionit is proper to invite your paratI attention to the aim ofI ic iithis Establishment, i.e.. to protheleaders of the future forduoour Navy. To this end thewhole effort of Captain Peel andhis Stall is devoted. He spokeof certain changes, and in thisregard 1 can tell you that manychanges have been made over thepast few years, |>erhaps morethan are comfortable, but I believe,inevitably, more changeswill have to be made. I haveheard certain criticisms thatthere have been too manychanges. Physiologically, humansare animals, and to all animalschange is upsetting.Science for the world's well beingPFIZER CORPORATIONBOX 57, P.O., WEST RYDE•Trademark of Chas. Pfizer & Co. Inc.Vice Admiral W. H. Harrington, C.B., C.B.E., D.S.O, Chief of Naval Staff, inspects the Guard of Midshipmen.Accompanying him are the Captain of the College, Captain E. J. Peel, D.S.C., R.A.N., andChief Cadet Captain, Stephen YoullAUGUST, 1962

The most desirable state ofaffairs is when ;t rhythm oiphysical and mental routine canbe established, nevertheless, theroutine must achieve the aim.This is a time of change, andthis establishment cannot expectto escape its disadvantages if theadvantages ol new and bettermethods are to be obtained.ChooseyourCruiseThis body of young men, andit 1 may say so, they are not atall a bad-looking lot, are thefirst proditt i of the particularsystem which is now in vogue.They will go to sea for 12months as Midshipmen, and willspend 12 months at sea in thewardrooms ol the Fleet in orderto enable them to gain practical23-DAY TAHITIAN CRUISE by ORION'. 24.000 torn.W From Syd««y: 24tb Aa«ast. To Auckland, off Raro tonga, Papeete (Tahiti), andSuva (Fiji). Fares from: Cabin Class tilt.I-DAT SEPTEMBER CRUISE by ORSOVA*. 21.000 (MI.Frorw Sydney 2ftfc 5eptemb«r. To Ncumea and Haytnan Island. Fares from:• First Class CM: Toarisl Class CM.15-DAY SPRING CRUISE by OHONSAV, 21.000 toM.+ •rasa Sydaay: 7H» October. To Hayman Island via Barrier Reef. Noumea.^ Suva and Auckland; passing Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands. Fares from:First Class C1M; Tourist Class tUS.n DAY CHRISTMAS AND NEW YEAR CRUISE by ORIANA'. 42,000 taavFrom 5ydn«y: 21tt DKimb*r. To Suva, overnight anchorage oil Great Barrier• Island, (hence Auckland. Pkton and Hobart. Fares from: First Class 1160;Toarisl Class till.12-DAY CHRISTMAS AND NEW YEAR CRUISE by ORION'. 24.000 to,.,.From Syd»*y: Hr4 Dtctmbir. To New Zealand, visiting Port Chalmers.• Lyitelton, Pkrton. cruising in Pelorus Sound, overnight anchorage at TennysonInlet. Fares from: Cabin Class 1112; Toarisl Class £88.U-DAY JANUARY CRUISE by 'ORONSAY'. 20,000 taas.117 Fraai Syawwy: 14th January. Visiting Bay of Islands, Auckland, Hobart andMelbourne. Fares from: First Class £124; Toarlst Class »1.1S-DAY EASTER CRUISE by 'SYRAYHMORI', 23.000 ton,."W ftvm Syshsay: lltb April. Visiting Nuku'alofa, thence Suva and Noumea.Fares from fltt (aa* Clan oaty).PtO-ORIENTConsult any Authorised Travel Agency.LINESexperience ami to get the feciof the men and material whichlater, and alter further instruclion,they will be required tocommand. They are at a veryinteresting stage in their Navallives. They are, as it were, atthe bridal stage, about to becomewedded to the Service, andtheir state recalls to my minda letter which was written to mygreat-gicat-grandmothcr by theBishop oi London in 17" ( J onthe announcement of her engagementto be married, in which,in expressing his felicitations, hesaid thai he could no reasonwhy she should not approach thisalliance with courage and fortitudeand, he hoped, with satisactionand solace.The good Bishop no doubthad his reasons lor choosingthese particular words. 1 do notknow his reasons — 1 never metmy great-great-grandfather, butto my mind they are moreappropriate to the situation ofthese young men than that olmy great-great-grandmother. Ifthey arc. indeed, to be the leadersof the Navy, they must bepossessed of the attributes ofcourage and fortitude, and 1 amsure that we all wish themsolace and satisfaction in theircareers. I use the simile of beingat the bridal stage because iti. certain that on them dependsnot only the future happiness ofthe Service but its very continuityof existence. For the Navy,and if 1 may presume to say soin the presence of the Chief ofthe General Staff and the Chiefol the Air Staff, like the otherarmed Services, depends preciselyon the brains, on the professionalskill and on the integrityof its Officers.This is a fact about whichthere can be no argument, andif the Navy does not attract toitself the right people for itsOfficers and does not teach themthe things necessary to their profession,and if they in turn, donot absorb the teaching, then, the Navy has no future. 1 amTHI NAVYable to inform you that thestandard ol the men on thelower deck is as good as 1 haveever known it ant!, furthermore,in in\ opinion, is improving.Better men need and deserveand wilt demand better Officersso that our Officers need to bevery good indeed, and these arethe sort ol standards to which\e ami expect that such aprospect does not discourage\ou. Work never hurl anybody,but I hasten (t) assure you thatthere is ample lun associatedwith Naval lile. lake advantageof it. Plav games. Play them lorlun, that's their real purpose,but learn to play them well.because (hey will help you inyour relations with your men —the) will keep you lit. and the)provide a means whereby youwill meet and gel to know menand women oi all nations. Thislast aspect is very important.Your profession demands thaiyou study men — make yourstudy wide — don't just studyNaval men, but spread your considerationto all men, whereveryou meet them. Don't expectUM> much of them; rememberthe caution — you should notexpect to find in Petty Officersattributes only rarely discoveredin Admirals. If you don't expect100 much, you will never be disappointed.On the whole theyare nice creatures, almost as fascinatingand almost as incalcuableas women— another subjectand one in which you willut> doubt be interested, but onewhich is best left to postgraduatestudy.Vice Admiral W. H. Harrington, C.B., C.B.I-:.. D.S.O., Chief of Naval Staff chats with Midshipman W M.Drysdale at the graduation ceremony. Midshipman Orysdale is the son of Lieutenant CommanderDrysdale, K.A.N. (Retd.).AUGUST, 1962

NAPIER "DELTIC"ENGINES TO POWERR.A.N. SHIPSReport by Capt. E. J. PEEL, D.S.C.passing further professionalexaminations, after which theyproceed to tiie United Kingdom.Your Excellency, Admiral Harrington,Distinguished Guests, Education. Its members in­contemporaries in the RoyalDirector of Commonwealth There, they join up with theirLadies and Gentlemen. It is cluded representatives from the Navy at either Dartmouth orindeed a privilege to welcome National University and the the R.N.E.G. Manadon, dependiucndcni Graduate should not be dull iftheir Naval Career.school. The substance of their the amount of play, which isit is fitting to note that Vice* Report, when it is presented, superimposed u|K>n the work,Admiral Sir William C RES- will do much to illustrate the is taken into account.WELL, the first Chief of the level of the educational standard During their training at thisNaval Stall ol the R.A.N., and to which this establishment instructs.odes ol games that are playedCollege, Cadets play all thethe officer alter whom thisestablishment was named, was In addition to academic by the men that in the futurehorn 110 years ago today. studies, Cadet Midshipmen are they will command. This isThe last Graduation from the instructed in professional mattersto at least the same stand-to take part in these games withdone so that they will be ableRo\al Australian Naval Collegetook place in December, l!Mi(l. aid as is reailied In Cadets ol their men, and by so doing gainIn the intervening period we the Royal Navy alter one year a better understanding of them.have been busy implementing at Dartmouth. Such instruction To attain this aim. Cadets arethe first stage ol the new policy includes a period ol Ifi weeks (aught, and play compulsorily,lor the training ol junior Naval at sea in a training ship. Rugby Union. Australian Rulesofficers. The level ol academic The Graduating Year, Sir. and Soccer in the field of Football.Hotkey is also a winterlea ruing has been ra ised to now join the (teet as Midshipmenon Sunday. They will game in this category, whilethat ol the United KingdomGeneral Certificate ol Educalion.it the Advanced Level forserve lor one year at sea before Basketball is played throughoutstub subjects as Pure Mathemaucs,Applied Mathematics,Physics, English and French,This is the standard requiredfor entry into Britannia RoyalNaval College, Dartmouth, andI regiet to report, Sir. that itappears to be about a yearhigher than a good AustralianM;ioi< ulation pass.The Naval College has justbeen inspected by a distinguishedCommittee of educationalauthorities under the Chairmanshipof Mr. Weedon, theThis R.A.N, order brings the total number of"Deities" ordered to nearly 500, and there arealready more than 400 of these 9 and 1 8-cylinderdiesels in service in marine, rail traction andindustrial installations in many parts of the world.THE ENGLISH ELECTRIC COMPANY OF AUSTRALIA PTY. LIMITEDSYDNEY AND NEWCASTLE • MELBOURNE . BRISBANE • ADELAIDE . HOBART • PERTHDux of the College was MidshipmanC. J. Skinner, of Adelaide,who was only the second Graduateof the College to be top inall seven subjects, pictured withhis parents.AUGUST, 19627

8AT YOUR SERVICEFor YourHolidayRequirementsINFORMATION ANDCall or Telephone»OOKINGSHOWARD SMITH TRAVELCENTRES26¥ UeOTfC Sued Id:MIIIKil KM522 Collins Sued. Tel.PORTADELAIDE;\ To*kl Street leiFREMANTI 11 MOIIUII Street lei..NEWCASTI 11ft Wail Street. Tel.:CAIRNS:tK Abbott Street lcl.:BA1 1 AKAI:( nt I *di.iril jnd MJII MITel. B *462COCKATOO DOCKS& ENGINEERINGCO.•PTY. LTD.ShipbuildersMarineandGeneral EngineersContractors to . . .27 SMI62 V7II4 14611 10712 4711211* hI'll-H.M. AUSTRALIAN NAVYInquiries InvitedCOCKATOO DOCKSYDNEYPhone: 82 0661(10 lines)the year. Cricket is the predominantsear to qualify in Gliding. ThissiimiiKi game, but (hisis leavened with Athletics, thehigh point ol which is the Interactivity is one which developsdetermination, self-discipline anddecision, as well as team work.Service College Sports. Water The R.A.N. Gliding AssociationPolo now comes within out now keeps a glider at our ownscope ol instruction, hut stress inSwimming is laid more upon tilesaving than the winning ol com*airstrip, and it is operated byCadets at least once a week,when the weather is suitable.petitive races. I ennia is. ol genera I Is on Sunday afternoons.course, also included in thesummci s|M>rts, ami we hojic On the purels recreationalsome das to acquire Squash side. Sir. we base an all rat liveCourts. In toinpetition with 9-hole Coif Course, a 10-Pinl>oth OHicers and Ship's .Coinpany.Cadets also plas Sottball. range. In addition to the above\lle\ ol two lanes, and a Skcetmas be at It let 1 Midi activity,There are also othei fields in which includes Scottish Countrythe euphemistical!) labelled Dam ing. Photography, Chess,"let ieatioit.il group in whit h Science and a (dee Club.Cadet Midshipmen plas theiipan. hut which have a professionalI bus it is seen that thoughaspect. The chief ol these the academic standard has beenis sailing. This is done in 1 .iisnl .it 1 his establishment, itI \M have OHicers who are(Graduation has also seen an innovationleaders, ii we ate to have nunin the shape ol a New whose standard and characterZealand designed sailing catamaran,unci the needs ol the Servicewhich we have built and and the Country.paid toi ourselves, and whit hlias afforded ninth pleasure. Wehope that we shall in the futurehe able to acquire more oi theselast ami vers popular craft.1 am also pleased to be ableto tell you, Sir. that a MorganGiles sail training trait is beingbuilt tot us h\ Garden IslandDockyard, ami should be deliveredb\ the end ol this sear.This craft will enable us againto enter the Sydney • Hobartvacht rates. K\j>cdition training,either b\ Iroat 01 on foot,is not neglectetl, ami is aimedat developing self-reliance. Suchexpeditions take plate eitherduring week-ends or in the leaveperiod, and intitule such formsas sailing week-ends, mountaint limbing, ami camps in the bush.The Australian CommonwealthNaval Board has beengenerous enough to grant moneywhich enables ten Cadets perIn assisl in meeting this aim.allothci t lunge has been institutedsince the last Graduation,The Naval Board has approvedthe abolition ol Cadet Captains.In the past a Chiel Cadet Caplainwas appointed, and fourDivisional Cadet Captains. Inorder to gise all a chance olexercising authority ami assumingresponsibility, th< taskshitherto pcrlormcd bv the DivisionalCadet Captain will inthe future be undertaken inrotational periods of about sixto eight weeks bv all membersof the Senior Year. In this way.Sir. it is hojKrd that all Cadetswill gain experience in this importantaspect before they proceedto sea.And now. Sir. we would begrateful and honoured if youwould sec fit to address theyoung men who are so shortlyto join the Fleet.THE NAVYRear-Admiral G. G. O. GAT ACREC.B.E., D.S.O., DSC, and BARRear-Admiral (..11.uii- took upihe appointment ol l ; l;ig Officerin-Charge.East Australia Area,mi 1 lu- lith July, 1962.He K;IS IHH'II in Queenslandon ilii Ilili |nm. 1907. Heentered Royal Australian NavalCollege in 1921 ;i„ Catlet Millshipin.in, .mil Ki.ulii.iii'i! •" il»'i-ml ol 192-1. alter lour years aiCollege.lit saw service as a Midshipmanand Sub-Lieu tenant inH.M.A and H.M. Ships on Australian,China. Mediterraneanand Ik. Naval Stations.Rear-Admiral Gatacre has hadan amount of sea cx|>cricnce unusualin ans Na\v. Between1*1125 and MM7 (inclusive) — 23sears — lie had onlv two and ahalf sears ashore, the longestperiod being in l.k. for Sub-Lieutenants • nurses I !months; in 37 sears' service sincegraduating from R.A.N. College.23 years have been spentat sea.He was the hist R.A.N, office.to be tapped in 192S for plavingrepresentative matt lies (in U.K.)with the Royal Navy and RoyalMarines' Cricket XL Rear-Rear - Admiral and Mrs.Gatacre with daughter.Admiral Morrison is the milsothei R.A.N, to have representedR.N. ami R.M. at cricket.Service oil Spanish toast duringSpanish Civil War duringtwo sears in (1937-39) H.M.S,DEVONSHIRE, was unusual lotan R.A.N, officer, ami was valuableexpei ieute.Combat wai service in WorldWar II started on 3rd September,1939. in H.M.S. EDINBURGHwith the (Roval Naw) HomeFleet anchored in the Fleet baseat Scapa Flow, expecting an airattack.Ol his service in this ship.Rear-Admiral Gatacre has thisstors to tell:—"When serving in H.M.S.EDINBURGH, the ship wasbombed at ant hot in the Firthol Forth one afternoon in Septembci(or O, tobei). 1939.Wile and son had been on boardto lunch; the launch hadn'treadied the shore with themwhen the first bombs droppedround the ship from GermanHEINKEL Hi bombers. Wifea ml st MI w i t nesset I t lie attack.which lasted about hall an hotiiand was made on H.M.S. EDIN­BURGH and H.M.S SOUTH­AMPTON. Both ships weredamaged. Son Roddy, then aged1. threw gravel at the swoopingbombers, protesting: 'Theyare lxHiibing Daddy's nice newship!'"When a number of dead,about 14, I think, were landedalter the attack, my wile hadthe harrowing experience of seeingthe bodies brought ashore,but of being unable to elicitfrom anyone handling themwhether her husband, the navigatorol the EDINBURGH/ wasone ol the shrouded bodies, orwhethei he had been woundedin the attack. It was some timebefore 1 could get word ashoreto inform my wife that 1 wasalright."It was in that attack that thefirst bombs lell on Knglish soilin World War 11 — the bombswere intended for the two ships.No actual attack was made onany shore target."in H.M.S. RODNEY'S suet esslul engagement ol the Germanbattleship BISMARCK, hewas in what is likely to be thelast tlavlight gunnel \ duel betweenbattleships; it seems unlikelythat battleships with 16-inch guns as RODNEY had, willever be built again in am Naw.Except for II months at NavyOffice towards the end ol tinAUGUST, 19«29

war, lie was .ii sea ami in actualcombat o|xrations throughoutthe war ironi 3rd September,19.19.Further tombat service inKorean War.TASTE ABEER THAT'SREALLY BEERServed two (two year) periodsas De-puts Chief of Naval Staffat Navy Office.Served two (two vear) periodsin U.S.A.. 1953-55. as NavalAltai he: 1960-lil as Head of Aushere'sluck! here's cheers!here's two great beers!Two great beers indeed — Foster's Lager and VictoriaBitter. No doubt you've downed a glass or two of bothyourself — enjoyed their exhilarating flavour;experienced the smoothness no other beer can match. Here'sre2l beer — the world's best beer' Make the mostof it — make yours Foster's Lager or Victoria Bitter!VICTORIA BITTERFOSTER'S LAGERDRAUGHT • BOTTLED • CANNEDGAMLENRemoves Grease,almost everyGAMLEN "CW" Solvent is J concentrated emulsifyingdetergent — safe to use, safe to store; neutral andabsolutely non-injurious to hands, eyes, clothing or shoes."CW" has a htgS flash point, and its use eliminates thedangerous fire hazard that is always present when gasolineor similar cleaning agents are emphyed. GAMLEN"CW" is easy to use — simply apply it, then flushwith cold water. It is much cheaper than laborious handscrubbingoperations, and much more efficient.GAMLEN "CW" is in widespread use for the cleaningof machine surfaces; equipment, motors, and machinery,factory, engine room and garage floors; runways andtralian Joint Services' Sufi andAttache (Defence Adviser).First Captain of the presentH.M.A.S. MELBOURNE, takingover the ship from the buildersin U.K., in 195l>. and commissioningher into the R.A.N.; introducedthe carrier operationid jet aire rail into the R.A.N.;served in the first H.M.A.S.MELBOURNE (light cruiser),1925-26.Mrs. Gatacre and Admiral(..ii.iin were married in January.1933. -Mis. Gatacre is agnmdHlaughtei of I ] Palmer.who founded F. |. Palmer andSon. Pitt and Park StreetsStore. As Wendy Palmer, sheu.i\ .i ut II known S\dnc\ \mialite.noted in 1920s for hercharity woik. .unaictii theatricalsitid ballroom darning. Return*cd to Vustralia in |une. havingremained in I'.S.A. lot severalmonths longer than her husbandMr has a son. Lieutenantk'.il.U Gatacre. R.A.N.. and a.daughter, aged 21."CW" SOLVENTGum, Oil, Dirt fromtype of surfacepits; chassis, body and engine of buses, trucks, tanktrucks, and road machinery; street cars and railway cars,and scores of similar cleaning jebs that regularly occurin commercial and service institutions, and in the manufacturingjnj transportation industries.The rapidity with which GAMLEN "CW" emulsifieshe-vy accumulations of gummy grease, so that they arcrinsed away easily with water, is truly amazing.GAMLEN "CW" Solvent is especially suitable for coldcleaning of oil storage tanks. It may be applied byspraying, brushing, or mopping.H. G. THORNTHWAITB PTY. LTD.167 KENT STREET, SYDNEY — 27-4937 Agents in all StatesTHENAVYINTERNATIONALHYDROGRAPHIC CONFERENCECaptain A. H. Cooper, Hydrugrapher, R.A.N., whorecently returned from attending the InternationalHxdrographit Confetentc, said:—"I went over to attend theI-jghtli Conference ol the Internationa]H\dif>gia|>hi( Bureau."This is an Internationa]organisation with 41 members,which began in 1921, largely atilit* instigation ol Prince Ranter'sfather, who was ven interestedin oceanograph) ami matters ofthe sea."After several preliminar)meetings), the Bureau was formedim a propel basi.. and PrinceKanier's father presented thebuildings which we occupy in.Mon.MO today."Australia became a memberi-i 1958, having previously beena subsidiary member withBritain, but this is the first timewe have been represented."The Conference lasted afortnight, It was a very highlyorganised one. and we spent thetime in conferences, Committeemeetings, and so forth."The majoihy of the subjectsdiscussed wen- purely technical,hui the main points were:—"The standardization ol chartsso thai an) mariner throughoutthe world (an use any (hart."This has been very largelyat hieved since 1941; the mostoutstanding thing that has notbeen achie\ed is putting everythingin the metric system."The Bureau is run betweenConferences by a Directing Committeeol three, and one ol thetasks, of course, is to elect theDirecting Committee ol threefor the following five years, andthis was done."Captain Tattered was nominatedAustralia's representative,but unfortunately was not elected,"One of the main problemsdiscussed was to stress veryAUGUST, 196?strongly the growing ini|>or(anceot oceanography."Australia is well to the fromwith this, after Britain, UnitedSt.Ues and Russia."It was this job to be intere.tedill oceanography to theextern thai it wilt IK- the hydro*graplier's job to prepare chartslor all oceans, etc."Indonesia to Antarctica andright ailoss Australia was laiddown as our area."Oceanography is important,because four-nfths of the earth'ssurface is ocean, and at presentwe know just about as muchaboui the ocean as people knewabout the dry part ol the iurhue when Vasco dcCiamasailed."The benefits of the oceanare tremendous, and we mustrealise its importance as regardto the climate and weather, productionol food, mineral resources,etc."Two ol Australia's ships.II M.A.S. DiAMANTINA andH.M.A.S. GASCOYNE are engagedin this work, combinedwith other activities."The budget of the programme was approximately250,000 gold francs, spread overfive years. Ten thousand goldbancs is equal to about £A 15,000."Russia is not a member otthe organisation, but was representedby observers. Theseobservers are allowed to speak atthe Conference, but are notallowed to vote.•There is no secrecy in theConference, nor does politicsenter into it at all."Britain. France and Americaproduce charts for the wholeworld, Japan is also very active."RAN. SHIPSSAIL ONCHARTINGPROJECTSTwo Navy survey vessels sailcilfrom Sydney on the 9th Julylor opposite sides of Australiato undertake charting work thatwill contribute to the nation'sdevelopment,H.M.A.S. WARREGO sailednorth to help in the exploitationof bauxite deposits, whileH.M.A.S. BARC(M) went south,to improve navigation in SpencerGulf.WARREGO is to chart apassage lor shipping betweenTorres Strait, oil the northeasttip ol Australia, and Wcipa, inthe Gull ol Carpentaria. Thesurvey is designed to ensure salenavigation for the ships collectingbauxite from the dc|M>sits atW'eipa.In helping establish W'eipa asa port, the Navy will l>e makinga significant contribution to thedevelopment ol Northern Australia.The survey entails charting aI (1-mile wide shipping lane for adistance ol about 120 miles IromBooby Island to W'eipa.WARREGO will work inthe Gulf ol Carpentaria untilOctober, and will be assistedl>\ the smaller survey vessel,HALA.S. BASS, to chart theapproaches to W'eipa Harbour.In South Australia. H.M.A.S.BARCOO will continue withthe survey ol Spencer Gull TheNavv is bringing the charts upto date to improve navigationfor the big How of shippingusing the Gulf.WARREGO is under thecommand of Gnmmandcr H. W.G. Dillon, of Grcmorne, N.SAV.BARGOO'S Captain is Lieutenant-CommanderE. R. W'hitmorc,of Straihlu-ld. N SAV.II

JAPANESEVISITFour units of the Japan Maritime Self Defence Force reeentlv concluded a most successfulgoodwill visit to Australia — the first visit hy Japanese naval ships for twenty-seven years.The Chief Stuff Officer to the Flag Officer in (har^e. East Austialia. Captain R. A. H. Millar, KAN.receives from Captain Kato an ancient Japanese warrior's helmet, a scroll and accompanying letterson behalf of the relatives of the late Rear Admiral Muirhead-Gould who was the Rear Admiral-in-Charge, Naval Establishments, Sydney, on May 31. 1942, when three Japanese Midget Submarinespenetrated the Sydney Harbour defences. Rear Admiral Muirhead-Gould accorded the Japanese whodied in the attack full Naval honours at their burial. The presentation was arranged by classmatesof the dead submariners at a Japanese Naval Academy."1IWAI & CO. LTD.23 PIT! STREET. S^ DNEYMITSUI & CO.(Australia) PTY. LTD.Export and Import Business.We were very pleaded to see our Navalfriend* from Japan and. at the mimetime, we -mil our lu-1 wiahet* to theofficers and men of theRoyal Australian Navy.16-20 BRIDGE STREET. SYDNEYTel. Bl 3861BU 7087BU 7287It ira$ a truly memorable ttccagion.Rear Admiral N.ieaiV Flagship sails up Sydney Harbour.12 THE NAVYAUGUST, 1962

THE UNITED SHIP SERVICESPTY. LTD.88-1*2 Normanby Road, South Melbourne,Victoria, Australia.MELBOURNE — GEELONG -PORTLANDand all Victorian I'ortKThe largest organisation in Victoria for thefabrication and installation of fittings forevery description of cargo. Bulk grain fittingsa speciality. Dunnage Supplied. Holdscleaned. Decks caulked. All trades availableai*d include:MShipwright*. ( ;ii|ini!rrs. Joinrr-.Docker*, Painter*, KiggrrHTelephone: MX 5231Telegiams and Cables: "UNISTEVE,"MelbourneAuster Aeroplanes of allModels Availableex stockService, Overhauls an

With ComplimentH lu theR.A.N. I -i.ilili-hni. nl- from . .ASHTONDRY CLEANERSFar the NAVYand YOU!AH contractors to the Royal AustralianNavy, HP provide them with all rlaB»et*of I- '.!«•< -Irical Installation- ami Repairs,Motor ami Generator W imlin-. RadarInstallation*, dr.These services are also available toPrivate Enterprise for Ships. Factories.Commercial llnildinps. etc.WOMEN'S SERVICES AT EXHIBITIONWell Known in K..4.-V. Circle* forService and Quality68 OXFORD STREET, SYDNEYTELEPHONE: FA 4473ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONSPly. Ltd.6 NAPOLEON STREET. SYDNEYBXS311 (4 line*) BX5311 (4 lines)The Management and Staff ofJ. A. WETTER A iO. PTY. LTM9.send their Best Wishes and Congratulations to the R..4..Y. ontheir Jubilee.1/ we can help you in any way. just contact usJ. A. WITTER & CO. PTY. LTD.TEXTILE WASTE MERCHANTSBORONIA STREET, GRANVILLEPhone 637-1211 Phone 637-1211At a recent exhibition by the services in Sydney, members of the Women's Services modelled the varioustypes of uniforms worn. It was the first occasion on which hich heels were wornAUGUST, 1962

NAVY'S NEW PERSONNELCHIEF TAKES OVERA ni'w member of the NavalBoard began duty at Navy OHicein Canberra on the 9th July.He is Rear - Admiral V. A.Smith, D.S.C, who took over asSecond Member ol the NavalBoard, res|x>nsible for Navalpersonnel and training. AdmiralSmith was formerly in commandof the Australian flagship,H.M.A.S. MELBOURNE. AtNavy Office he succeeds Rear-Admiral G. G. O. Gatacre,C.B.E.. D.S.O.. n.S.C, who hasbeen appointed Flag Officer-in-Charge, East Australia Area.COMPRESSED YEASTVACUUM PACKED"Orilmrm" is a special iorm ol compressed yeast,dried under scientific conditions and carefully compoundedwith a suitable yeast ICXMI. lis the qualityseast mat is as constant as tomorrow and is packedto the high specifications ol the Australian Navy.MAIRI BROTHERS & THOMSON LIMITEDPINNACLE HOUSE2-6 Barrack Street, Sydney. Telephone: 29-2601.To "The Navy,"Box 3850. G.P.O.,Sydney. NSW.SUBSCRIPTION FORMI enclose 23/- for Annual Subscription to "The Navy,"post free, commencing January, 1963.NameStreetTownDate-StatePlease not< that all annul subscriptions now connnci in January. Newsubscribers after January should send only l/ll for each month remainingup to and including December. Otherwise back copies from January will beposted.Admiral Smith is a "pioneer"of the Fleet Air Arm,and won his observer's wingsin 19)7. He was mentioned indespatches for air torpedoattacks against the SCHARN-HORST off Norway in 1940.The loltowing year he wasawarded the O.S.C. ill fightersquadron operations fromII M.S. ARK ROYAL.He w-as serving in H.M.A.S.CANBERRA when she was sunkoil Savo Island in 1942.In the post-war years. AdmiralSmith has held many importantappointments at sea and ashore,hit hiding those ol Director olAii Warfare, Captain ol the FirstFrigate Squadron, and CommandingOfficer ol the NavalAir Station at Nowra.HALF A CENTIRYWITH THE NAVYA man who began work as aNaval ilerk ill the same searthai the R.A.N, look deliveryol it-, first Fleet, retired fromthe Department of the Navyon the 1.1th |ulv. alter a careerol 49 years. 'He is Mr. W. J. Kenny, whois the Head ol the Naval PersonnelBranch at Navy Office,Canberra.Mr. Kenny began work aithe original Navy OHice inLonsdale Sireet. Melbourne, inNovember. 191.1. He becameHead of the Naval PersonnelBranch in 1951 after 88 yearsin Accounts Branches of NavyOHice. Between 1929 and 19.17.he worked at Australia Housein London as the NavalAccounts Officer.For the past 11 years, he hasl>een responsible for the tensof thousands of detailed recordson the men who are serving, andhave served, in the Royal AustralianNavy.Shortly after the First WorldWar. Mr. Kenny was well-knownill Melbourne sporting circles asa South Melbourne footballerand as a professional runner.THENAVYFIFTY YEARS OF SERVICE FLYINGTHE NAVY'S SHAREWHEN the Golden Jubileecelebrationslo mark the">0th Anniversary ol the formationol the Royal Flying Corpswere held on Mas 11th. theRoyal Navy, in every sense,shared the honours. It was,ill lad. all inter-Service occasion,lor the Government WhilePaiH-r ol Mas 1.1th. 1912. approved(he formation ol the newCorps with both Naval andMilitary Wings. The NavalWing was lormecl from thoseNaval pilots and ratings alreadyin existence and who had receivediheir training ihe yearbefore under the aegis ol iheRoyal Aero Club ai Easlchurch.Known unofficial!} from thestall as ihe Royal Nasal AirService, this tide was olliciallsrecognised on Inly 1st. 1911,when ihe Navy also look overall responsibility lor this newarm.The large pall played by iheWHEN the then Mr.Churchill wrote in theExplanatory Statement to the1912 Navy Estimates, making itclear thai the Navy was takingheavier - than - air-machines seriously,there were many — bothinside and outside the Admiralty— who were still unconvincedthat there was an immediateRoyal Naval Air Service in theFirst World War is often millulls realised. For the first twoyears, ihe R.N.A.S. was responsiblelor the air defence ol GreatBritain; the first British air raidon Germany, on the ZcpiH'liusheds al Dusselclorf, was carriedout by a formation of R.N.A.S.planes.Naval aircraft played, also, amost importani part in antisubmarinewarfare, carrying milextensive patrols and attackingsome 9.1 enemy submarines. Byihe lime ol the amalgamationwith tile Royal Flving Corps inApril, 1918, lo iorm ihe RoyalAir Force, ihe R.N.A.S. had nofewer than 1.IMH) aircraft (includingseaplanes and Hyingboats) over fill airships, morethan HHi air stations all over theworld, and a strength ol 55.IHHIofficers and ratings. Ihe needlor seaplane carriers was earlyFLYING IN THE NAVY - EARLY YEARSpractical use for aeroplanes inthe Navy. But at this time it wasbecoming increasingly difficult toignore the enthusiasm for thisnew concept of Naval warfare.Although the above date was oneof the earliest occasions on whichthe Navy officially recognisedand publicly announced the needfor aircraft, the attempts of farseen,and one of the formermerchantmen converted to thisrole was 11.M.S. Ark Royal, fittedto carry 1(1 seaplanes.Nor must the very considerabletechnical achievement beforgotten; the pioneer workdone al Easic lunch on wirelesstelegraphy in the air, so that,by the lime war broke out in1914. Hi seaplanes had been fittedwith wireless. Naval pilots werealso instrumental in developingthe fit'sl bond) sight, and wereihe first to (it machine-guns inaeroplanes.'File events ol ihe SecondWorld War are nearer lo us andbetter known, and many memorieswill be recalled when, at theFlying Display al Upavon onJune loth, the Swordlish, associatedwith so many ol the exploitsol the Fleet Air Arm,llew again, together with theearlier Sopwiih Pup and otherfamous ly|>cs."'We have now acquired some land at Eastchurch .... for flying purposes.The buildings and sheds for the Naval Aviation School are in course oltrectitm, A considerable number of aeroplanes both lor training and experimentalpurpose* have been pun based, principally in England, and some olthem are being adapted lor the special needs of the Navy . . . ."WINSTON CHURCHILL,First Lord of Admiralty.18th March, 1912.seeing Naval officers and civilianslo persuade the Admiraltyto lake up aircraft for use withthe Fleet went back some yearsbefore.In 1907, the Wright brothers— who four years earlier had forthe first time achieved controlledflight in an aeroplane — offeredto sell their patent for aircraftAUGUST, 1962 19

construction to the Admiralty,but their offer was turned downas being ol no "piaetical usetothe Naval Service."However, in 1908 the internationalinterest in aircraft hadreached such a point thai theAdmiral!) seni Captain R. IIBaeon to France to report onthe air rates at Rhcims. Previouslythe Navy had pinned itshopes and interest in lighterthan• air - machines be< a use oltheir load - carrying rapa< ity,their range and their abilin toadjust their speed to that of theFleet with which the) wouldoperate in war. When CaptainBaton returned Irom Frame,fired with enthusiasm for the"new fixing mat Nines", he advisedthai a special Air Depart'meul should be set up. Mis suggestionwas approved with theappointment ol a Naval AirAssistant.Early in l*MI*> an Air Sectionwas added to the Naval Staff,ami in May MMM*. Vickers Sonsand Maxim got the order forbuilding No. I Rigid Naval Airship.The 512-ft. long airshipwas unotluialh called "Ma\ff\".the cause ol many jokes endedonh when the wind broke herback at the moorings and it wasobvious that "Mayfly" wasn'tgoing io.While the Na\\ had beenputting its official faith in theairship there were several Navalofficer* who were lohhwng toget official interest in the heavierthanaii -machines. CommandeiOliver Schwann bought an Aviobiplane at Ids own expense amililted il with floats and gas bagsto become the first man in (heNavy to ti\ a seaplane. Me succeededon November ISih. Mill.in taking oft lrom the sea, butlite Avro dashed on landing.Meanwhile, some pressure wasbeing brought to bear on theAdmiral!) by the Royal VcmClub, which had bought landat an Isle ol Sheppcv hum ioprovide Hying facilities tor itsmembers alongside the sheds olthe Short Brothers, who a shortwhile before had set up Britain'sfirst aire rait factory on the undulatingmarshland of Eastchurchand Leysdown. TheClub was so keen to see theAdmiralty take up Hying that itoffered, through one of its members,to provide aircraft andtuition liee. The Admiraltyaccepted the oiler, and early illMM I tailed for volunteers lromthe Fleet. Over 200 volunteered.and out ol these, three RoyalNaval and two Royal Marineofficers were selected. One ofthe latter was delayed by illness,but on March 2nd. 1911. thelout pioneers ol Naval livingie]Htiied to the collection shedsand hangars grouped around asmall hill at (he eastern end olthe Isle of Sheppey. The airfieldran round the bottom ol(he lull in a gentle, undulatingcurve, and it is said that thefirst machine to H\ from Fast-JOIN THE NAVY LEAGUEThe object of the Navy League in Australia, likeits older countetpart. the Navy League in Britain,is to insist by all means at its disposal upon thevital importance of Sea Power to the BritishCommonwealth of Nations. The League sponsorsthe Australian Sea Cadet Corps by giving technicalThe League consists of Fellows (Annual or Life) andsea training to and instilling naval training in boyswho intend to serve in Naval or Merchant servicesand also to those sea-minded boys who donot intend to follow a sea career, but who, giventhis knowledge will form a valuable Reserve forthe Naval Service.Associates.All British subjects who signify approval to the ob'ects of the League are eligible.MAY WE ASK YOU TO JOIN and swell our members so that the Navy League in Australia may bewidely known and exercise an important influence in the life of the Australian Nation?For particulars, contact The Secretary, 66 Clarence Street, Sydney, N.S.W.,or The Secretary, Room 8, 8th Floor. 528 Collins Street, Melbourne, C.l. Victoriaor one of the Hon. Secretaries at:• Box 376E, G.P.O., Brisbane, Queensland• 30 Pirie Street, Adelaide, S.A,• 726 Sandy Bay Rd., Lower Sandy Bay, Hobart • 62 Blencowe St., West Leedervillr. W A.• P.O. Box 90, Darwin, N.T.• 60 Limestone Ave., Ainslie, Canberra, A.C.T.20 THE NAVYihurch often used to taxi uptile hill fait, MI that they couldgel siiihcicui speed to take oBgoing down hill again!These first (our aviatora weredestined to become l.imous, eachin his own way. They wereLieutenant C. R. Samson, olH.M.S. Foresight; LieutenantR. Gregory, ol H.M.S. Antrim;Lieutenant A. M. Longmorc, ofII M Torpedo Boat 24. andLieutenant K. L. Gerrard,R.M.L.I.. ol H.M.S. Heimione.(Ol these. Air Chief MarshalSir Arthur Longinote is the solesurvivor).They were joined, before theyhad completed their joint flyingand aircraft engineering courseby the other original selection.Lieutenant C>. Wildnian-Lushington.R.M.A.. all being trainedon two 50 It.p. ('Home"pusher" rotary-engined aircraft.Their course ended in September.1911, after only two minoraccidents, and before the end ofthat year the Admiralty hadselected more officers for pilottraining, sent 12 Naval engineeringratings to Eastchurch, andbouglu land and buildings forthe first Royal Naval AirStation. Today, on the fiOOacres of the original airfieldsome of the hangars of 1911 remain.They are used as cowsheds and straw stores for EastchurchPrison.Instruction in those days wasnot easy. The machines were"pushers", and the pilot sat infront with the control in hisright hand. The pupil salhuddled up behind the instructor,catching hold of thecontrol by stretching his armover the instructor's shoulder,getting occasional jabs in theforearm from the instructor'selbows as a hint to let go.Commander Schwann hadalready proved that an aircraftcould be made to float and thatit could take off from the water.Lieutenant Samson, workingfrom Eastchurch, persuaded theAdmiralty that the next stepwas to lly an aircraft from aship. The battleship H.M.S.Africa was taken to ChathamDockyard lor fitting of a platliinnalong the forecastle, inDecember, 1911, and LieutenantSamson successfully modified aShort Biplane by fitting flotationbags to the wheels to make itfloat. Although there appearsio be some doubt about theactual date, most sources creditLieutenant Samson with havingsuccessfully made the first flightIrom "Africa" in this plane inJanuary, 1912, while the shipwas an anchor off Sheerness.By the end of 1912, the RoyalNavy was to have 16 aircraftin service (IS of them landplanesmade up of eight biplanesand five monoplanes, andthree of them "hydro - aeroplanes",later called seaplanes).This was the year that sawLieutenant Samson and hisfellow - pioneers exjierimentingwith mechanical bomb aimersand dropping mechanism, andlor the first time transmittingwireless signals from aircraft.New ideas encountered muchinertia, even in aeronauticalcircles. When it was known,for example, that the Navy wasthinking of modifying a shipso a'> to allow aircraft to land on,as well as take off, one air magazinecommented;—"It is reported, without anycorroboration, that Mr. Samsonhas the intention ofattempting to alight on thedeck of one of the battleshipsat Sheerness. It is sincerelyImped that he will not makethe attempt, for he is not onlyone of the most magnificentflyers in the country, but heis an exceedingly valuableofficer, and a man of veryconsiderable mental ability,and should not, therefore, bepermitted to risk his life onwhat is, when all is said anddone, simply a dangeroustrick which though it may perhapsseem convincing to a fewold-fashioned officers who donot yet realise even the presentpossibilities of the aeroplane,is actually of no practicalvalue whatever."Again this phrase "of no practicalvalue". Officials and publicalike were often content to beamused by flying, but hesitantto accept a new way of tacticalthinking.The hopes of the Navy inairships were dashed, temporarily,as it later turned out, onJanuary 25lh, 1912, when a conierencein the First Sea Lord'sroom at Admiralty acted on arecommendation of a court ofenquiry following the wreckingof the first Naval Rigid Airship.The conference decreed that airshipexpei iineiiis should be discontinuedand the Airship Sectionof the Admiralty should bedisbanded. Despite this, however,the pioneers of Navalaviation were undeterred. Inthe demise of the airship theysaw the opportunity of pressinghome claims for the aircraft.Shortly afterwards, jbaptainMurray Sueter, giving'evidencebefore a sub-committee of theCommittee of Imperial Defence,told them that in his view airshipsand aeroplanes were bothrequired, and that neithershould be developed at the expenseof the other. He andother witnesses before the Committeeforecast that control ofthe air would be a vital factorand a necessary victory for asuccessful future war in Europe.But to revert to the aeroplane.While the Board of Admiraltywas still waiting for the ImperialCommittee on Defence to decreethe future air policy, the Navy'sdevelopment of Eastchurch asthe first R.N. Air Station wascontinuing. More and more aircraftfactories were being started,and the Admiralty was seekingtheir advice and co-operation forthe development of aircraftspecially suited for Naval needs.It was recognised, as soon as thefirst brief trial flight had beenmade, that the seaplane con-AUGUST, 1962 21

cept was rjx-rhaps the most mijK.M.iiii I'M an immediate Navaluse.Commander Samson and Mi.Horace Shori together designedtin- first real seaplane, withmahogany floats, which demonstrated,during tests at Portland,(hat it was easy to take oHfrom, and land on, the sea.It flew a total ol 150 hours withoutincident. With it rameMi. T. O. M. Sopwith\ firstHying boat prototype, lateiadopted by the Navy as the"Sopwith Hat Boat".With this growing interest inaviation (tin- Army had a KlyingWing from earl) MM I), it wasinevitable that tin- Governmenthad to take a firm polit \ dei isionto steer its growth along a LMi)Red line. In November. 1911,Mr. Asquith had askc-d the Committeeof Imperial Defence toconsider the future of aerialnavigation for both naval andmilitary purposes, and that theCommittee should also investigatewhat steps should he takento form a Corps ol Aviators, "01othei wise to coordinate thestudy ol aviation in the Navyami Army." The Committee'sReport, latei endorsed by theGovernment, proposed the settingup of a central flying school,to IK- administered by the WaiOffice, and the establishment ola central \'\ of pilots drawnfrom the Arm) and the Xa\\trained at the central schoolavailable lot work with eitheiService. Thus the R.F.C. wasformed, with Naval and MilitaryWings, when the Governmentapproved the White Papeito this effect on May 13th. 1912.I his White Paper was ne\eifulls accepted l>\ the Admiralty,and despite the proposal to setup one central thing school,Eastchurch continued to providemost ol the Naval pilots. Withthe formation of the R.F.C, tin-Naval pilots official* becameThe Good Old DaysIt is doubtful if modern aircraft, Sea-Venoms, Gannets, etc., all ofwhich weigh in the vicinity of 10 tons and land at a speed of about100 knots, would take kindly to this form of manhandling.22members of the "Royal KlyingCorps — Naval Wing". Fromthe start, however, they had becomeknown as the "Royal NavalAir Service", and this they continuedto be called, unofficially.o| course. Naval Air Department.Admiralty, was formed in|uly. 1912, under Captain MurraySueter. R.N., who later becamea Reai-Admiral and Membeiol Parliament. Despite theire ommendations ol the Imperial(Committee on Defence,the Na\\ decided it wanted itsown officers to By, rather thanVrmy pilots who would beloaned for Naval work. Pilotscontinued to train at East-< hint h. although some also wentto the (antral Flying School, onits formation at U pa von.In the original Royal FlyingCorps scheme it was envisagedthat the Army would be a reservefor the Navy, and viceversa. As an example of this.inter-Service liaison, NavalEDITOR'SNOTEIt is regretted that becauseof a mail delay,the second part ofarticle, "ThetheNew DefencePolicy" did notarrive in time for publicationin this issue.Itwill be published assoon as possible.: ' i'•rwEiBaammmiir.:THE NAVYofficers Hew with the Armyin manoeuvres over SalisbunPlain in 1912, ami injury, 1912,the Air Committee (set up toco-ordinate the efforts, ol bothServices) hail its first meeting.Ilie first Chairman was ColonelSeel) (Secretary ol Stale lorWar), anil Admiral Sir |ohn|elliioe was Vice-Chairman.in a total ol Hi seaplanes beinglilted with wireless by the outbreakol war.The Central Flying School,I'pavou. was opened in June,1912. bin because ol the shortageol machines (monoplanes hailbeen banned because of the highiti idem rate just before) thefirst course did not begin untilAugust l/th, 1912, with 19pilots, and did not completeuntil ihe end ol December.Throughout the year Samsoncontinued to experiment withthe first R.N.A.S. "ExperimentalStation") was at Grain, justacross the Meilway, facing theRoyal Naval Dockyard. It wascommissioned in December,1912. under the command ofCommander J. W. Seddon (thena Lieutenant). In the followingmonths, others followed at Calshot.Felixstowe, Yarmouth andCromarty.(.rain was the second R.N.A.S.station to be opened. It becamesynonymous from the start withIn March, 1912, it was announcedin the House ol Commonsthat there was to be a requirementof about 30 or 40Naval officers for the Navalseaplane development. It developedWing ol the R.F.C. (Colonel ship flying. The result of thethe folding-wing idea,Sei'h, Secretary ol State lor II.M.s. Africa experiment of conceived by Mi. Churchill andWar).December, 1911, led to the still used today in modern aircraft.As well as providing the first building of trackways and platformsAll that remains of thispilots lor the Naval Wing ofon H.M. Ships Hibernia once-famous air station, wherethe R.F.C, Eastt lunch Naval and Loudon, and lie nude many Churchill on many occasionsAir Station was from the start successive llighis, using Short Hew with Commander Sedtlon,concerned with experiments to biplanes. The launching tracks aie the concrete bases of theadapt aircraft lor Naval purposes.In addition to the work ol between 2") and lOfl-ft., thus the earls seaplanes, and theenabled the aire rail to make runs buildings which once sheltereddone there to design anil developthe seaplane concept, one and lo'c'sles.nearly 40 years ago built hisclearing the ships' lore turrets home ol a 92-year-old man whool tlie major achievements was Naval aircraft took part in a present house alongside the seawall,using iron sheets from thethe work clone in 1912 to |>erleitwireless telegraphy in the in May, 1912, and this was also hangars for his walls. Some ofNasal Review for the first timeair. F.arly in 1912 there were no the first occasion that an aeroplanehad ever taken off from Sown from Grain Royal Navalthe earliest aircraft tiatrols werelightweight sets, anil in any caseno spare aircraft which could a moving ship. Both Samson Air Station, svhich grew upbe fitted for VV/T. A station and a Lieutenant L'Estunge around Port Victoria.was therefore set up on BurntwickMalone Hew a Short "pifflier" Commander Seddon severalIsland, in the Meilway, with biplane. S.27. from H.M.S. times Hew Churchill the In milesconditions being as near as |*ossibleI libel nia while she was steaming from Gravesend to Grain in ato those in an aircraft. In at 10J knots oil Weymouth. very early seaplane so that hethe first transmissions stray signalswere pickeil up by H.M.S.The First Lord of the Admiraltyat this lime was the thencould see progress on his "foldingwing" development for himself.Aitaeon. about a mile away. Mr. Winston Churchill. He was,On one occasion the flightFrom these experiments on from i he start of aviation in took place in a gale.Burntwick Island the practice this country a most ardent supporter". . . . I flew back almostol those who forecast a on the surface of the waterwireless set as useil in destroyersat the time was atlapteel to fit Naval aviation role. It was to cheat the wind of some ofthe first Short seaplane, anil in Churchill who personally suggestedmodifying seaplanes so we got was severe. 1 knowits strength, but the bumpingJune, 1912, Commander Samson,on a flight from Eastchurch, succeededin transmitting W/T for easy stowage on board ship, passenger, but Mr. Churchillthai they could lolil their wings I would have been sick as amessages a distance of three and in this and all other Naval never turned a hair. It tookmiles. On successive (lights, this experiments he took a keen |>crsonalinterest. As the seaplane those 16 miles."us nearly an hour to coverwas increased to four and tenmiles. In August, Lieut. RaymondFiumaurice, R.N., who 1912, he got the Admiralty to go to Grain in the Boardexperiments grew throughout Churchill apparently used tohid served as one of the first agree in October to the setting Yacht, H.M.S. Enchantress,W/T officers with the Fleet, was up of s]n i i.il seaplane stations and enlivened the post-luncheonappointed to "arrange for the round the East and South gatherings of Naval pilots byinstallation of W/T apparatus Coasts.inviting them to make paperin Naval aircraft". This resultedThe first ol these stations (also gliders, with a prize of a guineaAUGUST, 1962 23

for any which went from oneside u( the saloon to the otherwithout touching the deck.By the end of 1912, Navalpilots at Easlchurch had heenthe first to develop a workablemethod ol bombing, the first todevelop a wireless transmitter inaircraft, and the first to fitmachine guns ill aeroplanes.They had also succeeded in developinga seaplane which wascapable ol operating with theFleet.In an official report ol thesame year a requirement lorseaplanes includes the hope thatsuch an aircraft would becapable of not only carrying apilot and observer, but also ofbeing able to rise from the seawith them. Equipment in suchan aircraft, reported a SeniorNaval Officer, should includefood for 21 hours.From the start, the Navy hadnever been happy with theImpel i.tl Committee of Defenceedict that it should either sharethe Army pilots or give its ownto the Army. The Navy feltthat because of the needs forspecialised knowledge, it wasessential that the Navy had onlyNaval officers as its pilots.Eventually it got its way, andthe Royal Naval Air Service wasofficially recognised on July 1st,1914. breaking away entirelyfrom the Army control. On theoutbreak of the First WorldWar on August 1th. 1911, theRoyal Naval Air Service hadsome 52 seaplanes. $9 landplanes.seven airships, and 128 officersand 700 ratings.Because of the rapid developmentof experimental work, theNavy had installed wireless inmany of its seaplanes by the beginningof the war, and the firsttorpedo drops had been successfullycarried out by one of theoriginal four pilots (Longmore).More ships were also taken inhand for conversion to seaplanecarriers.In 1917, the Royal Naval AirService had 46 different types ofaircraft in service, though nooneseems to have recorded anyof the headaches of the NavalStores organisation set up tocope with the growing air requirements.The achievement ol SquadronCommander E. H. Dunning inbeing the first man lo land anaire rait on a Britisli warshipon August 3rd, 1917, was justanother ol the milestones whichwere passed by the R.N.A.S.during the war years. Flyinga Sopwith Pup fighter alongsidethe FURIOUS, he passed herbridge structure, then sideslippedthe aircraft on to the200-lt. long wooden flight deck.His fellow-pilots, gathered on thedeck to watch the fun, ran outand literally pulled the aircraftdown. Commander Dunningwas not satisfied with the needfor "manual arrester gear", anddecided to try again the nextday without outside help. Thissecond attempt encfed intragedy on landing, the aircraftwent over the side, and Dunningwas drowned. It was, however,the start of aircraft carriers aswe know them today, lor shortlyafter Dunning's death theFURIOUS went into dockyardhands lor the removal of her18-inch gun turret alt and thebuilding, in its place, of anadditional landing-on deckwhich extended from stern tofunnel.On April 1st, 1918. the RoyalNaval Air Service again lostits separate identity on its amalgamationwith the R.F.C. toform the Royal Air Force, andR.N.A.S. personnel began towear R.A.F. blue, though officerswere permitted to wear out theirold Naval uniforms before makingthe change. In 1921 aNaval Observer Branch wasformed to give training in airnavigation over the sea. bombing,wireless telegraphy, spottingfor Naval gunnery, etc.In 1924, it was decided toname the Naval Aviation Branchof the R.A.F. the Fleet Air Armof the Royal Air Force. It wasalso agreed from 1924 that theAdmiralty would pay for itsown aircraft, that all air observersin the F.A.A. would infuture be UK) j>er cent. Navalofficers, and that 70 per cent, ofthe pilots should also be Naval.In the summer of 1937. thePrime Minister (Mr. NevilleChamberlain) announced thatall control of the Fleet Air Armol the Royal Air Force was topass to the Admiralty, and thatlis the end of two years all personnelwould again be Naval.Accordingly, in May, 1939, itwas announced that the Admiraltyhad completed the take-overof the Fleet Air Arm from theR.A.F.NEW R.N. SUBMARINECOMMANDER IN AUSTRALIAThe Royal Navy submarinesbased in Australia have a newCommanding Officer.The Minister for the Navy,Senator Gorton, said recentlythat Commander I.. H. Oliphant,D.S.C.. R.N.. had beenappointed to command theFourth Submarine Division inSydney.Commander Oliphant succeedsCommander P. R. Wood,D.S.C.. who had been responsible(or the Submarine Division forthe past two years. CommanderWood has returned to Britain.Commander Oliphant enteredthe Royal Navy's SubmarineService in 1943. and served inthe Pacific Theatre during theSecond World War. While operatingfrom Western Australia,he won a D.S.C. in the SouthChina Sea. He commanded amidget submarine towards theend of the war.Commander Oliphant's mostrecent appointment was in theOperations Division of theAdmiralty.24 THE NAVYTHE BROKENTOMORROW'SSTEELON THE WAYIt could be in your new car, reinforcingrods or a plate in a ship, or the can whichpreserves your food. Steel, man'smost useful metal.HILL PROPRIETARY CO. LTD

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