Ch 9 Energy, Enthalpy, and Thermochemistry

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Heating a polyatomic gas : as a polyatomic gas isheated, the gas molecules absorb energy to increasetheir rotational & vibrational motions as well as tomove through space (translate) at higher speeds(previous discussion : the temperature of a monoatomicideal gas is an index of the average r<strong>and</strong>omtranslational energy of the gas).Copyright©2000 by HoughtonMifflin Company. All rights reserved.30
Indeed, when a gas is heated, the temperature onlyincreases to the extent that the translational energiesof the molecules increase. Any energy that isabsorbed to increase the vibrational & rotationalenergies does not contribute directly to thetranslational kinetic energy. Thus, its heat capacity islarger than 3/2 R. But, finally the C P –C V =Ris alsoapplicable in all cases, as expected for gases thatclosely obey the ideal gas law.Copyright©2000 by HoughtonMifflin Company. All rights reserved.31
Page 2 and 3: 9.1 The nature of energyEnergy : th
Page 4: Figure 9.1: Initial positions ball
Page 10 and 11: In combustion of methane (CH 4 ), t
Page 12 and 13: Figure 9.3: Energy diagram for ther
Page 14 and 15: Internal energy (E) is defined as t
Page 16 and 17: Figure 9.4: The piston moving a dis
Page 18 and 19: Expanded : w = -pΔV(0)In dealing w
Page 20 and 21: R = 0.08206 Latm/Kmol= 8.3145 J/Kmo
Page 22 and 23: What is exactly enthalpy (H) ?Consi
Page 24 and 25: At constant pressure (where only PV
Page 26 and 27: The molar heat capacity of a substa
Page 28 and 29: Heating an ideal gas at constant pr
Page 32 and 33: Table 9.1: Molar Heat Capacities of
Page 34 and 35: The C V appears because when a gas
Page 36 and 37: Consider the change in enthalpy whe
Page 38 and 39: Table 9.2:Thermodynamic properties
Page 40 and 41: Figure 9.5: Summary of the two path
Page 42 and 43: ΔH = nC P ΔT= q PCopyright©2000
Page 44 and 45: (constant V)Copyright©2000 by Houg
Page 46 and 47: Copyright©2000 by HoughtonMifflin
Page 48 and 49: Figure 9.6: Magnitude of the work f
Page 50 and 51: Specific heat capacity (JK -1 g -1
Page 54 and 55: Mass of solution = 100.0 mLx1.0 g/m
Page 58 and 59: Calculation of ΔH & ΔE for cases
Page 64 and 65: Calorimetry experiments can also be
Page 74 and 75: Characteristics of enthalpy changes
Page 78 and 79: 過火Copyright©2000 by HoughtonM
Page 80 and 81:
9.6 Standard enthalpies of formatio
Page 82 and 83:
The importance of tabulated ΔH° f
Page 84 and 85:
Copyright©2000 by HoughtonMifflin
Page 86 and 87:
• The change in enthalpy for a gi
Page 88 and 89:
Figure 9.12: Pathway for the combus
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
The enthalpy of combustion per gram
Page 94 and 95:
( 煤油 )( 噴射機燃料 )(
Page 96 and 97:
Figure 9.15: Coal gasificationCopyr
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100:
Possible solution:H 2(g) + M (s)
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Ch 9 Energy, Enthalpy, and Thermochemistry

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