Summing UpWAS KEYNES, as Hayek maintained, a “brilliantscholar”? “Scholar” hardly, since <strong>Keynes</strong>was abysmally read in <strong>the</strong> economics literature:he was more of a buccaneer, taking a little bit ofknowledge and using it to inflict his personality and fallaciousideas upon <strong>the</strong> world, with a drive continually fueled by an arrogancebordering on egomania. But <strong>Keynes</strong> had <strong>the</strong> good fortuneto be born within <strong>the</strong> British elite, to be educated within <strong>the</strong> topeconomics circles (Eton/Cambridge/Apostles), and to be speciallychosen by <strong>the</strong> powerful Alfred Marshall.“Brilliant” is scarcely an apt word ei<strong>the</strong>r. Clearly, <strong>Keynes</strong> wasbright enough, but his most significant qualities were his arrogance,his unlimited self-confidence, and his avid will to power,to domination, to cutting a great swath through <strong>the</strong> arts, <strong>the</strong> socialsciences, and <strong>the</strong> world of politics.Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, <strong>Keynes</strong> was scarcely a “revolutionary” in any realsense. He possessed <strong>the</strong> tactical wit to dress up ancient statist andinflationist fallacies with modern, pseudoscientific jargon, making<strong>the</strong>m appear to be <strong>the</strong> latest findings of economic science. <strong>Keynes</strong>was <strong>the</strong>reby able to ride <strong>the</strong> tidal wave of statism and socialism,of managed and planning economies. <strong>Keynes</strong> eliminated economic<strong>the</strong>ory’s ancient role as spoilsport for inflationist and statistschemes, leading a new generation of economists on to academicpower and to political pelf and privilege.A more fitting term for <strong>Keynes</strong> would be “charismatic”—not in<strong>the</strong> sense of commanding <strong>the</strong> allegiance of millions but in being ableto con and seduce important people—from patrons to politicians to55
56 <strong>Keynes</strong>, <strong>the</strong> <strong>Man</strong>students and even to opposing economists. A man who thoughtand acted in terms of power and brutal domination, who reviled<strong>the</strong> concept of moral principle, who was an eternal and swornenemy of <strong>the</strong> bourgeoisie, of creditors, and of <strong>the</strong> thrifty middleclass, who was a systematic liar, twisting truth to fit his own plan,who was a Fascist and an anti-Semite, <strong>Keynes</strong> was never<strong>the</strong>lessable to cajole opponents and competitors.Even as he cunningly turned his students against his colleagues,he was still able to cozen those same colleagues into intellectualsurrender. Harassing and hammering away unfairly at Pigou,<strong>Keynes</strong> was yet able, at last and from beyond <strong>the</strong> grave, to wringan abject recantation from his old colleague. Similarly, he inspiredhis old foe Lionel Robbins to muse absurdly in his diary about <strong>the</strong>golden halo around <strong>Keynes</strong>’s “godlike” head. He was able to convertto <strong>Keynes</strong>ianism several Hayekians and <strong>Mises</strong>ians who shouldhave known—and undoubtedly did know—better: in additionto Abba Lerner, John Hicks, Kenneth Boulding, Nicholas Kaldor,and G.L.S. Shackle in England, <strong>the</strong>re were also Fritz Machlup andGottfried Haberler from Vienna, who landed at Johns Hopkinsand Harvard, respectively.Of all <strong>the</strong> <strong>Mises</strong>ians of <strong>the</strong> early 1930s, <strong>the</strong> only economistcompletely uninfected by <strong>the</strong> <strong>Keynes</strong>ian doctrine and personalitywas <strong>Mises</strong> himself. And <strong>Mises</strong>, in Geneva and <strong>the</strong>n for yearsin New York without a teaching position, was removed from <strong>the</strong>influential academic scene. Even though Hayek remained anti-<strong>Keynes</strong>ian, he too was touched by <strong>the</strong> <strong>Keynes</strong>ian charisma. Despiteeverything, Hayek was proud to call <strong>Keynes</strong> a friend and indeedpromoted <strong>the</strong> legend that <strong>Keynes</strong>, at <strong>the</strong> end of his life, was aboutto convert from his own <strong>Keynes</strong>ianism.Hayek’s evidence for <strong>Keynes</strong>’s alleged last-minute conversionis remarkably slight—based on two events in <strong>the</strong> final yearsof <strong>Keynes</strong>’s life. First, in June 1944, upon reading <strong>The</strong> Road toSerfdom, <strong>Keynes</strong>, now at <strong>the</strong> pinnacle of his career as a wartimegovernment planner, wrote a note to Hayek, calling it “a great
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- Page 62 and 63: BibliographyBrunner, Karl. 1987.
- Page 64 and 65: Murray N. Rothbard 63______.1930a.
- Page 66: Murray N. Rothbard 65Trescott, Paul