Chapter 11.pdf

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$Math Alignment Project - Grand Erie District School First Class Web ...$

Skills You Will UseIn this chapter, you will:Buildings reflected in an Amsterdam canal• investigate the laws of reflection using plane and curvedmirrors• predict characteristics of images formed by mirrors and testthose predictions• investigate the refraction of light• use ray diagrams and equations to predict position andcharacteristics of images formed by lenses• calculate the velocity of light as it refracts through differentmediaConcepts You Will LearnIn this chapter, you will:• describe images formed by mirrors and lenses• explain partial and total reflection and refraction• identify the factors that affect refraction as light passes fromone medium to anotherWhy It Is ImportantOur understanding of light as a ray that travels in a straight linehas led to the invention of mirrors and lenses that perform avariety of functions. Learning about light will help youunderstand, select, and use optical devices and vision aids.Before ReadingReading DiagramsDiagrams provide a lot of information, often in a small format.You may have to read diagrams differently from word text.Skim this chapter, and preview the diagrams. How are theysimilar to and different from each other? What are someimportant features that may help you to understanddiagrams?Key Terms• angle of incidence • angle of reflection • angle of refraction• concave • convex • focal length • focal point • magnification• mirage • normal refraction • virtual imageRay diagrams model the behaviour of light in mirrors and lenses. 415
11.1MirrorsHere is a summary of what youwill learn in this section:• The angle of incidence equalsthe angle of reflection.• Plane mirrors produce a virtualimage that is upright andlocated as far behind the mirroras the reflected object is infront of it.• Concave mirrors produce anenlarged, upright, virtual imageif the object is closer to themirror than the focal point.• Concave mirrors produce aninverted, real image if theobject is farther away from themirror than the focal point.• Convex mirrors produce anupright, virtual image that issmaller than the object.Figure 11.1 The stainless steel mirror above Viganella is controlled by computer to follow thepath of the Sun.Figure 11.2 The construction of the mirrorBrightening a Winter’s DaySummer in the Italian village of Viganella high in theItalian Alps is peaceful, warm, and above all — sunny.But winter is another story. As the hours of daylightshrink each autumn and the Sun spends less and less timeabove the horizon each passing day, Viganella loses itsdirect view of the Sun. Viganella is located at the bottomof a steep valley, and every winter the mountains blockout the Sun’s rays from November 11 to February 2.During this time, the village is completely in themountain’s shadow.But thanks to the science of optics, that situation hasnow changed. In 2006, a large flat mirror was placed atthe top of one of the nearby mountains and directed at thevillage square (Figure 11.1). Airlifted into position with ahelicopter at a total cost of about $170 000, the 5 m 8 mrectangular sheet of stainless steel is perched high aboveViganella (Figure 11.2).416 UNIT D Light and Geometric Optics
Page 1: 11Ray diagrams model the behaviour
Page 6 and 7: Using the Law of ReflectionThe law
Page 8 and 9: Concave MirrorsA concave mirror, al
Page 10 and 11: Solar OvensA solar oven, also calle
Page 12 and 13: Example Problem 11.3An electron mic
Page 14 and 15: Uses for Convex MirrorsIf you were
Page 16 and 17: D14 Skill Builder ActivityDrawing R
Page 18 and 19: D15 Inquiry Activity (continued)Fig
Page 20 and 21: 11.1 CHECK and REFLECTKey Concept R
Page 22 and 23: We use fibre optics systems to tran
Page 24 and 25: A ray of light is electromagnetic r
Page 26 and 27: How Light RefractsYou can picture t
Page 28 and 29: Snell’s LawThe phenomenon of refr
Page 30 and 31: At a certain angle, called the crit
Page 32 and 33: D19 Inquiry ActivityIndex of Refrac
Page 34 and 35: 11.2 CHECK and REFLECTKey Concept R
Page 36 and 37: Night vision goggles use lenses to
Page 38 and 39: Concave LensesA diverging lens is s
Page 40 and 41: Forming a Real ImageConvex lenses a
Page 42 and 43: Keep in mind the following points w
Page 44 and 45: Example Problem 11.11A camera with
Page 46 and 47: D24 Quick LabFocal LengthPurposeTo
Page 48 and 49: D26 Inquiry ActivityIdentifying the
Page 50 and 51: SCIENCEeverywhereSelf-AdjustingGlas
Page 52:
18. A student looks at the letters
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